EP3035126B1 - Timepiece resonator with crossed blades - Google Patents

Timepiece resonator with crossed blades Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3035126B1
EP3035126B1 EP14199039.0A EP14199039A EP3035126B1 EP 3035126 B1 EP3035126 B1 EP 3035126B1 EP 14199039 A EP14199039 A EP 14199039A EP 3035126 B1 EP3035126 B1 EP 3035126B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resonator
connecting element
strips
angle
comprised
Prior art date
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EP14199039.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3035126A1 (en
Inventor
Gianni Di Domenico
Baptiste Hinaux
Laurent Klinger
Jean-Luc Helfer
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Priority to CH01979/14A priority Critical patent/CH710524A2/en
Application filed by Swatch Group Research and Development SA filed Critical Swatch Group Research and Development SA
Priority to EP14199039.0A priority patent/EP3035126B1/en
Priority to CN201580003174.6A priority patent/CN105980938B/en
Priority to JP2016535688A priority patent/JP6231686B2/en
Priority to PCT/EP2015/079515 priority patent/WO2016096677A1/en
Priority to EP15808400.4A priority patent/EP3234699B1/en
Priority to US15/114,336 priority patent/US9836024B2/en
Publication of EP3035126A1 publication Critical patent/EP3035126A1/en
Priority to JP2017157043A priority patent/JP6401354B2/en
Priority to JP2017157045A priority patent/JP6449951B2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3035126B1 publication Critical patent/EP3035126B1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/045—Oscillators acting by spring tension with oscillating blade springs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/28—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of imbalance of the weights, e.g. tourbillon

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a clock resonator comprising at least one oscillating mass with respect to a connecting element which it comprises and which is arranged to be fixed directly or indirectly to a structure of a clockwork movement, said at least one a mass being suspended from said connecting element by crossed blades which are elastic blades which extend at a distance from each other in two parallel planes, and whose projections of directions on one of said parallel planes intersect at level of a virtual pivot axis of said mass, and together define a first angle which is the apex angle, from said virtual pivot axis, to which extends the portion of said connecting member which is located between the fasteners said crossed blades on said connecting element.
  • the invention also relates to a watch movement comprising such a resonator.
  • the invention also relates to a watch, including such a movement, and / or such a resonator.
  • the invention relates to the field of time bases for mechanical clockwork mechanisms, in particular for watches.
  • a crossed-leaf rocker is a resonator that can be used as a timebase in a mechanical watch, instead of a balance-spring.
  • the document EP 2,911,012 A1 in the name of CSEM describes a virtual rotary clock oscillator with a pendulum which is connected by several flexible blades to a support, in particular in a monolithic embodiment. At least two flexible blades extend in planes perpendicular to the plane of the oscillator, and intersecting each other along a line defining the oscillation geometric axis of the oscillator, this axis intersecting the two blades to seven eighths of their respective length.
  • the blades can originate perpendicularly to the sides of a regular inner polygon with N sides, with a symmetry of order N around the virtual oscillation axis, but the only particular configuration illustrated is that of an inner square, in which the two planes comprising the blades are perpendicular to each other.
  • the number of blades and their arrangement is defined by a compromise between the congestion granted to the system, particularly from an aesthetic point of view, and the stability of the system.
  • the document EP 2,911,012 A1 does not disclose particular geometrical parameters to be favored for the best isochronism.
  • Cross slides are also known from the document EP2645189 .
  • a crossed-leaf tuning fork is known from the document US3628781 , but not in watchmaking.
  • the invention proposes to eliminate these disadvantages by proposing an optimized geometry.
  • the invention relates to a clock resonator according to claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a watch movement comprising such a resonator.
  • the invention also relates to a watch comprising such a movement, and / or such a resonator.
  • center of mass used here can also be understood as the "center of inertia”.
  • An explanatory example relates to a clock resonator 100 comprising at least one mass 1 oscillating relative to a connecting element 2 that includes this resonator.
  • This connecting element 2 is arranged to be fixed directly or indirectly to a structure of a clockwork movement 200.
  • This at least one mass 1 is suspended from the connecting element 2 by crossed blades 3, 4, which are elastic blades which extend at a distance from one another in two parallel planes, and whose projections directions on one of these parallel planes intersect at a virtual pivot axis O of the mass 1, and together define a first angle ⁇ which is the apex angle, from this virtual pivot axis O, face to which extends the portion of the connecting element 2 which is located between the fasteners of the crossed blades 3, 4, on the connecting element 2.
  • crossed blades 3, 4 are elastic blades which extend at a distance from one another in two parallel planes, and whose projections directions on one of these parallel planes intersect at a virtual pivot axis O of the mass 1, and together define a first angle ⁇ which is the apex angle, from this virtual pivot axis O, face to which extends the portion of the connecting element 2 which is located between the fasteners of the crossed blades 3, 4, on the connecting element 2.
  • this first angle ⁇ is between 68 ° and 76 °.
  • the mass 1 is a pendulum, as visible on the Figures 1 and 1A , which illustrate, in solid lines, the geometry of a resonator 100 with cross-leaf balance, in its rest position.
  • a rocker 1 is held fixed to a connecting element 2 by two crossed blades 3 and 4.
  • These crossed blades 3 and 4 are elastic blades which extend at a distance from one another in two parallel planes, and of which the projections of the directions on one of these parallel planes intersect at a virtual pivot axis O of this balance 1.
  • These crossed blades allow the rotation of this balance 1, and substantially prevent the translation of the balance 1 in the three directions XYZ, and provide good resistance to small shocks.
  • the figure 1 represents a general case where the embedding of crossed blades 3, 4 is oblique in the connecting element 2 which carries them.
  • the Figure 1A represents a preferred configuration where this embedding is carried out at a surface which is orthogonal to the end of each blade 3, 4, at its embedment.
  • the origin of the coordinates O is placed at the intersection of the blades 3 and 4 when the resonator 100 is in its rest position.
  • the instantaneous center of rotation and the center of mass of the balance are also located at the origin O when the balance is in its rest position.
  • the bisector of the first angle ⁇ defines a direction X with which the projections of the two blades 3 and 4 in one of said parallel planes make an angle ⁇ which is half of the first angle ⁇ .
  • the resonator 100 is symmetrical with respect to the axis OX.
  • the first angle ⁇ has a value of 90 °.
  • the inner radius ri is the distance between the point O and the embedding of the blades 3 and 4 in the connecting element 2.
  • the outer radius re is the distance between the point O and the embedding of the blades 3 and 4 in the pendulum 1.
  • the first angle ⁇ is the angle between the two blades 3 and 4 when the resonator 100 to balance is in its rest position.
  • This first angle ⁇ is the apex angle (in O) which defines the opening of the blades 3 and 4 with respect to the connecting element 2, and in front of which extends the portion of this connecting element 2 which is located between the fasteners of the crossed blades 3 and 4 on the latter.
  • the Figures 1 and 1A show an instantaneous value ⁇ i of the current angle ⁇ , corresponding to the deviation of a point M towards its instantaneous position Mi, corresponding to bent positions 3i and 4i of the blades 3 and 4, shown in broken lines on the Figures 1 and 1A .
  • This optimal geometric configuration may vary very slightly, depending on the width of the blades 3 and 4, and the amplitude of the oscillation of the balance.
  • the resonator 100 is monolithic.
  • the resonator 100 is made of micro-machinable material that can be produced by "MEMS” or “LISA” technologies, or in silicon or in silicon oxide, or in at least partially amorphous metal, or in metallic glass, or in quartz, or in DLC.
  • the first angle ⁇ is between 70 ° and 76 °.
  • the first angle ⁇ is between 70 ° and 74 °.
  • the invention relates to a clock resonator with crossed blades of the tuning fork type, as visible on the figure 8 .
  • the invention also relates to a watch movement 200 comprising at least one such resonator 100.
  • the invention also relates to a watch, including such a movement 200, or / and such a resonator 100.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to make a cross-beam resonator simultaneously isochronous and independent of the positions.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)

Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

L'invention concerne un résonateur d'horlogerie comportant au moins une masse oscillant par rapport à un élément de liaison qu'il comporte et qui est agencé pour être fixé directement ou indirectement à une structure d'un mouvement d'horlogerie, ladite au moins une masse étant suspendue au dit élément de liaison par des lames croisées qui sont des lames élastiques qui s'étendent à distance l'une de l'autre dans deux plans parallèles, et dont les projections des directions sur un desdits plans parallèles se croisent au niveau d'un axe de pivotement virtuel de ladite masse, et définissent ensemble un premier angle qui est l'angle au sommet, depuis ledit axe de pivotement virtuel, face auquel s'étend la partie dudit élément de liaison qui est situé entre les attaches desdites lames croisées sur ledit élément de liaison.The invention relates to a clock resonator comprising at least one oscillating mass with respect to a connecting element which it comprises and which is arranged to be fixed directly or indirectly to a structure of a clockwork movement, said at least one a mass being suspended from said connecting element by crossed blades which are elastic blades which extend at a distance from each other in two parallel planes, and whose projections of directions on one of said parallel planes intersect at level of a virtual pivot axis of said mass, and together define a first angle which is the apex angle, from said virtual pivot axis, to which extends the portion of said connecting member which is located between the fasteners said crossed blades on said connecting element.

L'invention concerne encore un mouvement d'horlogerie comportant un tel résonateur.The invention also relates to a watch movement comprising such a resonator.

L'invention concerne encore une montre, comportant un tel mouvement, ou/et un tel résonateur.The invention also relates to a watch, including such a movement, and / or such a resonator.

L'invention concerne le domaine des bases de temps pour les mécanismes d'horlogerie mécanique, en particulier pour des montres.The invention relates to the field of time bases for mechanical clockwork mechanisms, in particular for watches.

Arrière-plan de l'inventionBackground of the invention

Un balancier à lames croisées est un résonateur qui peut être utilisé comme base de temps dans une montre mécanique, en lieu et place d'un balancier-spiral.A crossed-leaf rocker is a resonator that can be used as a timebase in a mechanical watch, instead of a balance-spring.

L'utilisation de lames croisées a l'avantage d'augmenter le facteur de qualité puisqu'il n'y a plus de pivot frottant.The use of crossed blades has the advantage of increasing the quality factor since there is no rubbing pivot.

Toutefois un balancier à lames croisées présente des inconvénients importants :

  • le couple de rappel élastique est non-linéaire, ce qui rend le système anisochrone, c'est-à-dire que la fréquence du résonateur dépend de l'amplitude de l'oscillation;
  • le centre de masse du balancier subit un mouvement résiduel qui est dû au mouvement parasite de l'axe instantané de rotation. Il en résulte que la fréquence du résonateur dépend de l'orientation de la montre dans le champ gravitationnel; c'est ce qu'on appelle l'effet des positions.
However, a cross-leaf balance has significant disadvantages:
  • the elastic return torque is non-linear, which makes the anisochronous system, that is to say that the frequency of the resonator depends on the amplitude of the oscillation;
  • the center of mass of the pendulum undergoes a residual movement which is due to the parasitic movement of the instantaneous axis of rotation. As a result, the frequency of the resonator depends on the orientation of the watch in the gravitational field; this is called the effect of positions.

Les mécanismes expérimentaux divulgués dans la publication F.Barrot, T. Hamaguchi, « Un nouveau régulateur mécanique pour une réserve de marche exceptionnelle », Actes de la journée d'étude 2014 de la Société Suisse de Chronométrie, nécessitent, en raison de la non-linéarité de la force de rappel élastique observée dans le système, une compensation par un composant supplémentaire appelé correcteur d'isochronisme. Des mesures expérimentales montrent que cette compensation est très difficile à réaliser en pratique. Cette publication divulgue un oscillateur composé d'un balancier à lames croisées. Les auteurs expliquent « qu'une implémentation de type pivot Wittrick est choisie » afin de « rendre la fréquence d'oscillation indépendante de l'orientation du balancier par rapport à la gravité ». Cette configuration particulière où les lames se croisent au sept huitièmes de leur longueur a été divulguée dans les travaux de W.H.Wittrick, « The properties of crossed flexure pivots and the influence of the point at which the strips cross » The Aeronautical Quarterly II(4), pages 272 à 292 (1951 ). Elle a pour avantage de minimiser les déplacements de l'axe de rotation virtuel et par conséquent de minimiser l'effet des positions. Toutefois, avec un angle de 90° entre les deux lames, le balancier à lames croisées utilisé dans ces travaux est fortement anisochrone, raison pour laquelle les auteurs ont eu recours à une compensation par un composant supplémentaire appelé correcteur d'isochronisme. Des mesures expérimentales montrent que cette compensation est très difficile à réaliser en pratique et qu'il serait donc très utile de trouver une géométrie des lames qui annule aussi bien l'effet des positions que l'anisochronisme produit par la non-linéarité de la force de rappel élastique.The experimental mechanisms disclosed in the publication F.Barrot, T. Hamaguchi, "A new mechanical regulator for an exceptional power reserve", Proceedings of the 2014 study day of the Swiss Chronometry Society, require, because of the lack of -linearity of the elastic return force observed in the system, compensation by an additional component called isochronism corrector. Experimental measurements show that this compensation is very difficult to achieve in practice. This publication discloses an oscillator composed of a cross-leaf balance. The authors explain that "a Wittrick pivot type implementation is chosen" to "make the oscillation frequency independent of the pendulum orientation in relation to gravity". This particular configuration where the blades intersect seven-eighths of their length was disclosed in the work of WHWittrick, "The properties of crossed flexion pivots and the influence of the point at which the strips cross" The Aeronautical Quarterly II (4), pages 272-292 (1951 ). It has the advantage of minimizing the displacements of the virtual axis of rotation and consequently of minimizing the effect of the positions. However, at an angle of 90 ° between the two blades, the cross-leaf beam used in these works is strongly anisochronous, which is why the authors resorted to compensation by an additional component called isochronism corrector. Experimental measurements show that this compensation is very difficult to achieve in practice and that it would therefore be very useful to find a geometry of the blades which cancels the effect of the positions as well as the anisochronism produced by the non-linearity of the force. elastic return.

Le document EP 2 911 012 A1 au nom de CSEM décrit un oscillateur rotatif d'horlogerie à pivot virtuel, avec un balancier qui est relié par plusieurs lames flexibles à un support, en particulier dans une réalisation monolithique. Au moins deux lames flexibles s'étendent dans des plans perpendiculaires au plan de l'oscillateur, et sécants entre eux selon une droite définissant l'axe géométrique d'oscillation de l'oscillateur, cet axe croisant les deux lames aux sept huitièmes de leur longueur respective. Cette configuration du croisement aux sept huitièmes de la longueur est déjà connue comme optimale, permettant d'obtenir une rotation propre et sans frottement autour de l'axe virtuel d'oscillation, en minimisant le déplacement de cet axe, selon les travaux de W. H. WITTRICK, University of Sidney, en février 1951, cités ci-dessus.The document EP 2,911,012 A1 in the name of CSEM describes a virtual rotary clock oscillator with a pendulum which is connected by several flexible blades to a support, in particular in a monolithic embodiment. At least two flexible blades extend in planes perpendicular to the plane of the oscillator, and intersecting each other along a line defining the oscillation geometric axis of the oscillator, this axis intersecting the two blades to seven eighths of their respective length. This crossover configuration to seven eighths of the length is already known as optimal, allowing to obtain a clean and frictionless rotation around the virtual axis of oscillation, minimizing the displacement of this axis, according to the work of WH WITTRICK, University of Sidney in February 1951, cited above.

Si, dans ce document EP 2 911 012 A1 , il est envisagé que les lames puissent prendre naissance perpendiculairement aux côtés d'un polygone intérieur régulier à N côtés, avec une symétrie d'ordre N autour de l'axe d'oscillation virtuel, la seule configuration particulière illustrée est toutefois celle d'un carré intérieur, dans laquelle les deux plans comportant les lames sont perpendiculaires entre eux. Selon ce document, le nombre des lames et leur disposition est défini par un compromis entre l'encombrement accordé au système, notamment d'un point de vue esthétique, et la stabilité du système. Abstraction faite de la règle des sept huitièmes déjà connue, le document EP 2 911 012 A1 ne divulgue pas de paramètres géométriques particuliers à privilégier pour le meilleur isochronisme.
On peut remarquer que, pour un angle de 90° entre les lames, l'isochronisme du système n'est pas optimal, contrairement aux enseignements de ce document EP 2 911 012 A1 , selon lequel le nombre des lames et leur disposition sont définis par un compromis entre l'encombrement accordé au système, notamment d'un point de vue esthétique, et la stabilité du système.If in this document EP 2,911,012 A1 , it is envisaged that the blades can originate perpendicularly to the sides of a regular inner polygon with N sides, with a symmetry of order N around the virtual oscillation axis, but the only particular configuration illustrated is that of an inner square, in which the two planes comprising the blades are perpendicular to each other. According to this document, the number of blades and their arrangement is defined by a compromise between the congestion granted to the system, particularly from an aesthetic point of view, and the stability of the system. Apart from the already known seven-eighth rule, the document EP 2,911,012 A1 does not disclose particular geometrical parameters to be favored for the best isochronism.
It may be noted that, for a 90 ° angle between the blades, the isochronism of the system is not optimal, contrary to the teachings of this document EP 2,911,012 A1 , according to which the number of blades and their arrangement are defined by a compromise between the space given to the system, particularly from an aesthetic point of view, and the stability of the system.

Des lames croisées sont aussi connues du document EP2645189 . Un diapason à lames croisées est connu du document US3628781 , mais pas dans l'horlogerie.Cross slides are also known from the document EP2645189 . A crossed-leaf tuning fork is known from the document US3628781 , but not in watchmaking.

Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention

L'invention se propose d'éliminer ces inconvénients en proposant une géométrie optimisée.The invention proposes to eliminate these disadvantages by proposing an optimized geometry.

A cet effet, l'invention concerne un résonateur d'horlogerie selon la revendication 1. For this purpose, the invention relates to a clock resonator according to claim 1.

L'invention concerne encore un mouvement d'horlogerie comportant un tel résonateur.The invention also relates to a watch movement comprising such a resonator.

L'invention concerne encore une montre comportant un tel mouvement, ou/et un tel résonateur.The invention also relates to a watch comprising such a movement, and / or such a resonator.

Description sommaire des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre, en référence aux dessins annexés, où :

  • la figure 1 représente, de façon schématisée et en plan, un résonateur à balancier à lames croisées, dans une position de repos en trait plein, et dans une position instantanée (en trait interrompu des lames croisées) où le balancier est écarté de sa position de repos ; cette figure 1 représente un cas général où l'encastrement des lames croisées est oblique dans l'élément de liaison qui les porte, lequel est fixé à la structure d'un mouvement d'horlogerie. La figure 1A représente une configuration préférée où cet encastrement est réalisé au niveau d'une surface qui est orthogonale à l'extrémité de chaque lame au niveau de son encastrement dans cet élément de liaison;
  • la figure 2 est un graphique représentatif de l'art antérieur, où les lames croisées sont perpendiculaires dans la position de repos du résonateur, illustrant la variation de la constante de rappel élastique k en ordonnée, en fonction de l'angle courant θ que fait le balancier avec sa position de repos en abscisse ;
  • la figure 3 et la figure 4 sont des graphiques également représentatifs du même art antérieur, et illustrent la variation des coordonnées du centre de masse, respectivement selon X, ΔX, sur la figure 3, et selon Y, ΔY, sur la figure 4 en fonction de l'angle courant θ que fait le balancier avec sa position de repos en abscisse. Ces variations des coordonnées ΔX et ΔY sont normalisées par rapport à la longueur des lames L pour que les graphiques soient sans unités;
  • la figure 5 est un graphique représentatif de l'invention, où les lames croisées font entre elles un premier angle α voisin de 72° dans la position de repos du résonateur, illustrant la variation de la constante de rappel élastique k en ordonnée, en fonction de l'angle courant θ que fait le balancier avec sa position de repos en abscisse ;
  • la figure 6 et la figure 7 sont des graphiques également représentatifs de l'invention, où les lames croisées font entre elles un premier angle α voisin de 72° dans la position de repos du résonateur, et illustrent la variation des coordonnées du centre de masse, respectivement selon X, ΔX, sur la figure 6, et selon Y, ΔY, sur la figure 7 en fonction de l'angle courant θ que fait le balancier avec sa position de repos en abscisse. Ces variations des coordonnées ΔX et ΔY sont normalisées par rapport à la longueur des lames L pour que les graphiques soient sans unités;
  • la figure 8 illustre le mode de réalisation selon l'invention, notamment, le résonateur à lames croisées est un résonateur à diapason ;
  • la figure 9 est un détail montrant, en trait interrompu, la profondeur de la zone d'influence d'une flexion d'une lame élastique monolithique avec un élément de liaison en matériau micro-usinable dans le cas de la figure 1. La figure 9A est l'équivalent pour la figure 1A ;
  • la figure 10 est un schéma-blocs représentant une pièce d'horlogerie ou une montre comportant un mouvement comportant lui-même un tel résonateur.
Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 is schematically and in plan view a cross-leaf resonator in a rest position in full line, and in an instantaneous position (in broken lines crossed blades) where the rocker is moved away from its rest position; this figure 1 represents a general case where the embedding of crossed blades is oblique in the connecting element which carries them, which is fixed to the structure of a clockwork movement. The Figure 1A represents a preferred configuration where this embedding is made at a surface which is orthogonal to the end of each blade at its embedding in this connecting element;
  • the figure 2 is a representative graph of the prior art, where the crossed blades are perpendicular in the rest position of the resonator, illustrating the variation of the elastic return constant k in the ordinate, as a function of the current angle θ that the balance with its rest position on the abscissa;
  • the figure 3 and the figure 4 are graphs also representative of the same prior art, and illustrate the variation of the coordinates of the center of mass, respectively according to X, ΔX, on the figure 3 , and according to Y, ΔY, on the figure 4 as a function of the current angle θ that the pendulum makes with its position of rest on the abscissa. These variations of the coordinates ΔX and ΔY are normalized with respect to the length of the blades L so that the graphs are without units;
  • the figure 5 is a representative graph of the invention, where the crossed blades make between them a first angle α close to 72 ° in the rest position of the resonator, illustrating the variation of the elastic return constant k in the ordinate, as a function of the current angle θ that makes the balance with its rest position on the abscissa;
  • the figure 6 and the figure 7 are graphs also representative of the invention, where the crossed blades are between them a first angle α close to 72 ° in the rest position of the resonator, and illustrate the variation of the center of mass coordinates, respectively according to X, ΔX, on the figure 6 , and according to Y, ΔY, on the figure 7 as a function of the current angle θ that the pendulum makes with its position of rest on the abscissa. These variations of the coordinates ΔX and ΔY are normalized with respect to the length of the blades L so that the graphs are without units;
  • the figure 8 illustrates the embodiment according to the invention, in particular, the cross-slide resonator is a tuning fork resonator;
  • the figure 9 is a detail showing, in broken lines, the depth of the zone of influence of a bending of a monolithic elastic blade with a connecting element of micro-machinable material in the case of the figure 1 . The Figure 9A is the equivalent for the Figure 1A ;
  • the figure 10 is a block diagram representing a timepiece or a watch comprising a movement including itself such a resonator.

Description détaillée des modes de réalisation préféréesDetailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments

L'appellation « centre de masse » utilisée ici peut aussi se comprendre sous l'appellation « centre d'inertie ». Un exemple explicatif concerne un résonateur d'horlogerie 100 comportant au moins une masse 1 oscillant par rapport à un élément de liaison 2 que comporte ce résonateur. Cet élément de liaison 2 est agencé pour être fixé directement ou indirectement à une structure d'un mouvement d'horlogerie 200.The name "center of mass" used here can also be understood as the "center of inertia". An explanatory example relates to a clock resonator 100 comprising at least one mass 1 oscillating relative to a connecting element 2 that includes this resonator. This connecting element 2 is arranged to be fixed directly or indirectly to a structure of a clockwork movement 200.

Cette au moins une masse 1 est suspendue à l'élément de liaison 2 par des lames croisées 3, 4, qui sont des lames élastiques qui s'étendent à distance l'une de l'autre dans deux plans parallèles, et dont les projections des directions sur un de ces plans parallèles se croisent au niveau d'un axe de pivotement virtuel O de la masse 1, et définissent ensemble un premier angle α qui est l'angle au sommet, depuis cet axe de pivotement virtuel O, face auquel s'étend la partie de l'élément de liaison 2 qui est située entre les attaches des lames croisées 3, 4, sur l'élément de liaison 2.This at least one mass 1 is suspended from the connecting element 2 by crossed blades 3, 4, which are elastic blades which extend at a distance from one another in two parallel planes, and whose projections directions on one of these parallel planes intersect at a virtual pivot axis O of the mass 1, and together define a first angle α which is the apex angle, from this virtual pivot axis O, face to which extends the portion of the connecting element 2 which is located between the fasteners of the crossed blades 3, 4, on the connecting element 2.

Selon l'exemple explicatif, comme il sera expliqué plus loin, ce premier angle α est compris entre 68° et 76°.According to the explanatory example, as will be explained later, this first angle α is between 68 ° and 76 °.

Plus particulièrement, et de façon non limitative, la masse 1 est un balancier, tel que visible sur les figures 1 et 1A, qui illustrent, en trait plein, la géométrie d'un résonateur 100 à balancier à lames croisées, dans sa position de repos.More particularly, and without limitation, the mass 1 is a pendulum, as visible on the Figures 1 and 1A , which illustrate, in solid lines, the geometry of a resonator 100 with cross-leaf balance, in its rest position.

Un balancier 1 est maintenu fixé à un élément de liaison 2 par deux lames croisées 3 et 4. Ces lames croisées 3 et 4 sont des lames élastiques qui s'étendent à distance l'une de l'autre dans deux plans parallèles, et dont les projections des directions sur un de ces plans parallèles se croisent au niveau d'un axe de pivotement virtuel O de ce balancier 1. Ces lames croisées permettent la rotation de ce balancier 1, et empêchent sensiblement la translation du balancier 1 dans les trois directions XYZ, et assurent de plus une bonne tenue aux petits chocs. La figure 1 représente un cas général où l'encastrement des lames croisées 3, 4, est oblique dans l'élément de liaison 2 qui les porte. La figure 1A représente une configuration préférée où cet encastrement est réalisé au niveau d'une surface qui est orthogonale à l'extrémité de chaque lame 3, 4, à son encastrement.A rocker 1 is held fixed to a connecting element 2 by two crossed blades 3 and 4. These crossed blades 3 and 4 are elastic blades which extend at a distance from one another in two parallel planes, and of which the projections of the directions on one of these parallel planes intersect at a virtual pivot axis O of this balance 1. These crossed blades allow the rotation of this balance 1, and substantially prevent the translation of the balance 1 in the three directions XYZ, and provide good resistance to small shocks. The figure 1 represents a general case where the embedding of crossed blades 3, 4 is oblique in the connecting element 2 which carries them. The Figure 1A represents a preferred configuration where this embedding is carried out at a surface which is orthogonal to the end of each blade 3, 4, at its embedment.

L'origine des coordonnées O est placée au croisement des lames 3 et 4 lorsque le résonateur 100 est dans sa position de repos. Le centre instantané de rotation ainsi que le centre de masse du balancier sont aussi situés à l'origine O lorsque le balancier est dans sa position de repos. La bissectrice du premier angle α définit une direction X avec laquelle les projections des deux lames 3 et 4 dans un desdits plans parallèles font un angle β qui est la moitié du premier angle α.The origin of the coordinates O is placed at the intersection of the blades 3 and 4 when the resonator 100 is in its rest position. The instantaneous center of rotation and the center of mass of the balance are also located at the origin O when the balance is in its rest position. The bisector of the first angle α defines a direction X with which the projections of the two blades 3 and 4 in one of said parallel planes make an angle β which is half of the first angle α.

Dans la réalisation préférée de la figure 1, le résonateur 100 est symétrique par rapport à l'axe OX.In the preferred embodiment of the figure 1 the resonator 100 is symmetrical with respect to the axis OX.

Dans l'art antérieur, le premier angle α a une valeur de 90°.In the prior art, the first angle α has a value of 90 °.

Sur la figure 1, le rayon intérieur ri est la distance entre le point O et l'encastrement des lames 3 et 4 dans l'élément de liaison 2. Le rayon extérieur re est la distance entre le point O et l'encastrement des lames 3 et 4 dans le balancier 1.On the figure 1 , the inner radius ri is the distance between the point O and the embedding of the blades 3 and 4 in the connecting element 2. The outer radius re is the distance between the point O and the embedding of the blades 3 and 4 in the pendulum 1.

La longueur totale L de chacune des lames est, dans cette construction symétrique, L = ri + re.The total length L of each of the blades is, in this symmetrical construction, L = ri + re.

Le premier angle α est l'angle entre les deux lames 3 et 4 lorsque le résonateur 100 à balancier est dans sa position de repos. Ce premier angle α est l'angle au sommet (en O) qui définit l'ouverture des lames 3 et 4 par rapport à l'élément de liaison 2, et face auquel s'étend la partie de cet élément de liaison 2 qui est située entre les attaches des lames croisées 3 et 4 sur ce dernier.The first angle α is the angle between the two blades 3 and 4 when the resonator 100 to balance is in its rest position. This first angle α is the apex angle (in O) which defines the opening of the blades 3 and 4 with respect to the connecting element 2, and in front of which extends the portion of this connecting element 2 which is located between the fasteners of the crossed blades 3 and 4 on the latter.

Le couple de rappel élastique que les lames exercent sur le balancier peut s'écrire M = k.θ, où k est la constante de rappel élastique et θ est l'angle courant que fait le balancier 1 par rapport à sa position de repos. Les figures 1 et 1A montrent une valeur instantanée θi de l'angle courant θ, correspondant à la déviation d'un point M vers sa position instantanée Mi, correspondant à des positions fléchies 3i et 4i des lames 3 et 4, représentées en trait interrompu sur les figures 1 et 1A.The elastic return torque that the blades exert on the balance can be written M = k.θ, where k is the elastic restoring constant and θ is the current angle that the balance 1 makes with respect to its rest position. The Figures 1 and 1A show an instantaneous value θi of the current angle θ, corresponding to the deviation of a point M towards its instantaneous position Mi, corresponding to bent positions 3i and 4i of the blades 3 and 4, shown in broken lines on the Figures 1 and 1A .

Comme le couple est non-linéaire, la constante de rappel élastique varie avec l'angle du balancier k(θ) = M/θ.As the torque is non-linear, the elastic return constant varies with the angle of the balance k (θ) = M / θ.

La variation de la constante de rappel élastique k en fonction de l'angle courant du balancier θ est représentée à la figure 2 pour l'art antérieur. On voit que la force de rappel élastique est linéaire pour le rapport Q= ri/L = 0.10.The variation of the elastic return constant k as a function of the current angle of the pendulum θ is represented in FIG. figure 2 for the prior art. It can be seen that the elastic return force is linear for the ratio Q = ri / L = 0.10.

Le déplacement du centre de masse du balancier (ΔX, ΔY) en fonction de l'angle du balancier θ est représenté aux figures 3 et 4 pour le même art antérieur. Les différentes courbes correspondent à des rapports Q = ri/L différents. On voit que, dans l'art antérieur, le déplacement selon X est minimum pour ri/L compris entre 0.12 et 0.13.The displacement of the center of mass of the pendulum (ΔX, ΔY) as a function of the angle of the pendulum θ is represented at Figures 3 and 4 for the same prior art. The different curves correspond to different ratios Q = ri / L. We see that, in the prior art, the displacement along X is minimum for ri / L between 0.12 and 0.13.

On observe donc, sur l'ensemble des figures 2 à 4 représentatives de l'art antérieur, qu'il n'y a pas de valeur du rapport Q = ri/L pour laquelle on a simultanément un couple de rappel linéaire et un déplacement ΔX sensiblement nul.So we observe, on all Figures 2 to 4 representative of the prior art, there is no value of the ratio Q = ri / L for which there is simultaneously a linear return torque and a movement ΔX substantially zero.

Par conséquent, dans les constructions de l'art antérieur, pour α = 90°, il n'est pas possible d'avoir un système simultanément isochrone (force de rappel élastique linéaire) et indépendant des positions (déplacement nul du centre de masse selon X). L'exemple explicatif s'attache à déterminer une géométrie pour laquelle un tel résonateur puisse être à la fois isochrone et indépendant des positions.Therefore, in the constructions of the prior art, for α = 90 °, it is not possible to have a simultaneously isochronous system (linear elastic restoring force) and independent of the positions (zero displacement of the center of mass according to X). The explanatory example focuses on determining a geometry for which such a resonator can be both isochronous and position independent.

L'étude réalisée dans le cadre de l'exemple explicatif permet de déterminer des valeurs convenables.The study carried out within the framework of the explanatory example makes it possible to determine suitable values.

Pour un premier angle α voisin de 72°, et pour un rapport Q = ri/L compris entre 0.12 et 0.13, le système est simultanément isochrone et indépendant des positions.For a first angle α close to 72 °, and for a ratio Q = ri / L between 0.12 and 0.13, the system is simultaneously isochronous and independent of the positions.

En effet, pour un premier angle α voisin de 72°, la variation de la constante de rappel élastique k en fonction de l'angle courant θ du balancier est représentée à la figure 5. On voit que la force de rappel élastique est linéaire pour Q = ri/L compris entre 0.12 et 0.13.Indeed, for a first angle α close to 72 °, the variation of the elastic return constant k as a function of the current angle θ of the pendulum is represented in FIG. figure 5 . We see that the elastic restoring force is linear for Q = ri / L between 0.12 and 0.13.

De même, pour un premier angle α voisin de 72°, le déplacement du centre de masse du balancier selon X en fonction de l'angle courant θ du balancier est représenté à la figure 6. Les différentes courbes correspondent à des rapports ri/L différents. On voit que le déplacement selon X s'annule pour Q = ri/L compris entre 0.12 et 0.13.Similarly, for a first angle α close to 72 °, the displacement of the center of mass of the balance according to X according to the current angle θ of the balance is represented at the figure 6 . The different curves correspond to different ratios ri / L. We see that the displacement along X vanishes for Q = ri / L between 0.12 and 0.13.

On observe donc que pour un premier angle α voisin de 72°, et un rapport Q = ri/L compris entre 0.12 et 0.13 on a simultanément un couple de rappel linéaire et un déplacement nul du centre de masse selon X, ce qui est un avantage considérable.It can therefore be seen that for a first angle α close to 72 °, and a ratio Q = ri / L between 0.12 and 0.13, there is simultaneously a linear return torque and a zero displacement of the center of mass along X, which is a considerable advantage.

Cette configuration géométrique optimale peut varier très légèrement, en fonction de la largeur des lames 3 et 4, et de l'amplitude de l'oscillation du balancier.This optimal geometric configuration may vary very slightly, depending on the width of the blades 3 and 4, and the amplitude of the oscillation of the balance.

Les figures 9 et 9A illustrent un phénomène qui, selon la nature du matériau des lames croisées, peut modifier très légèrement l'estimation de la longueur totale L des lames 3 et 4: quand l'influence de la flexion des lames se manifeste en profondeur dans l'élément de liaison (dans le cas par exemple d'une exécution monolithique en silicium ou similaire), on peut estimer que cette profondeur correspond environ à la demi-épaisseur de la lame. Il y a alors lieu de corriger la valeur ri en la remplaçant par la valeur rim = ri + e/2, e étant l'épaisseur de la lame 3 ou 4 considérée.The Figures 9 and 9A illustrate a phenomenon which, depending on the nature of the material of the crossed blades, can very slightly modify the estimate of the total length L of the blades 3 and 4: when the influence of the flexion of the blades is manifested in depth in the element of link (in the case for example of a monolithic execution in silicon or similar), it can be estimated that this depth corresponds to about half the thickness of the blade. It is then necessary to correct the value ri by replacing it with the value rim = ri + e / 2, where e is the thickness of the blade 3 or 4 considered.

La longueur totale est à corriger en conséquence : Lm = ri + e/2 + re, et le rapport Q est à corriger de la même façon : Qm =(ri+e/2)/(ri+e/2+re), qui doit être compris entre 0.12 et 0.13.The total length must be corrected accordingly: Lm = ri + e / 2 + re, and the ratio Q is to be corrected in the same way: Qm = (ri + e / 2) / (ri + e / 2 + re) , which must be between 0.12 and 0.13.

Dans la pratique, les valeurs convenables du premier angle α sont comprises entre 68° et 76°, et celles du rapport Q = ri/L sont comprises entre 0.12 et 0.13.In practice, the suitable values of the first angle α are between 68 ° and 76 °, and those of the ratio Q = ri / L are between 0.12 and 0.13.

Dans une variante particulière, le résonateur 100 est monolithique.In a particular variant, the resonator 100 is monolithic.

Plus particulièrement, le résonateur 100 est en matériau micro-usinable réalisable par technologies « MEMS » ou « LISA », ou en silicium ou en oxyde de silicium, ou en métal au moins partiellement amorphe, ou en verre métallique, ou en quartz, ou en DLC.More particularly, the resonator 100 is made of micro-machinable material that can be produced by "MEMS" or "LISA" technologies, or in silicon or in silicon oxide, or in at least partially amorphous metal, or in metallic glass, or in quartz, or in DLC.

Dans l'un de ces cas, c'est le rapport Qm =(ri+e/2)/(ri+e/2+re), qui doit être compris entre 0.12 et 0.13.In one of these cases, it is the ratio Qm = (ri + e / 2) / (ri + e / 2 + re), which must be between 0.12 and 0.13.

Dans une variante avantageuse le premier angle α est compris entre 70° et 76°.In an advantageous variant the first angle α is between 70 ° and 76 °.

Plus particulièrement encore, le premier angle α est compris entre 70° et 74°.More particularly still, the first angle α is between 70 ° and 74 °.

On note encore que le déplacement du centre de masse selon Y n'affecte pas la marche du résonateur, pour des raisons de parité de la fonction ΔY(θ), tel que visible sur la figure 7. Autrement-dit, pour ce résonateur à balancier à lames croisées, il suffit d'annuler le déplacement ΔX pour que la marche soit indépendante des positions.It is also noted that the displacement of the center of mass along Y does not affect the operation of the resonator, for reasons of parity of the function ΔY (θ), as visible on the figure 7 . In other words, for this cross-leaf resonator, it suffices to cancel the displacement ΔX so that the step is independent of the positions.

L'invention concerne un résonateur d'horlogerie à lames croisées de type diapason, tel que visible sur la figure 8.The invention relates to a clock resonator with crossed blades of the tuning fork type, as visible on the figure 8 .

L'invention concerne encore un mouvement d'horlogerie 200 comportant au moins un tel résonateur 100.The invention also relates to a watch movement 200 comprising at least one such resonator 100.

L'invention concerne encore une montre, comportant un tel mouvement 200, ou/et un tel résonateur 100.The invention also relates to a watch, including such a movement 200, or / and such a resonator 100.

L'invention permet, ainsi, de rendre un résonateur à balancier à lames croisées simultanément isochrone et indépendant des positions.The invention thus makes it possible to make a cross-beam resonator simultaneously isochronous and independent of the positions.

Claims (10)

  1. Timepiece resonator (100) comprising at least one weight (1) oscillating with respect to a connecting element (2) comprised in said resonator and which is arranged to be directly or indirectly secured to a structure of a timepiece movement (200), said at least one weight (1) being suspended from said connecting element (2) by crossed strips (3, 4) which are resilient strips that extend at a distance from each other in two parallel planes, and the projections of the directions of said strips on one of said parallel planes intersect at a virtual pivot axis (O) of said weight (1), and define together a first angle (α) which is the apex angle, from said virtual pivot axis (O), opposite which there extends the portion of said connecting element (2) that is located between the attachments of said crossed strips (3, 4) to said connecting element (2), said first angle (α) being comprised between 68° and 76°, and said resonator (100), in projection onto one of said parallel planes, being symmetrical with respect to the bisector (OX) of said first angle (α) when the resonator is in the rest position, characterized in that said resonator (100) is a crossed strip resonator of the tuning fork type, comprising at least two said weights (1) oscillating in symmetry with respect to a transverse axis (Y) perpendicular to said bisector (OX), suspended from the same said connecting element (2), each by said two crossed strips (3, 4).
  2. Resonator (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that said first angle (α) is comprised between 70° and 76°.
  3. Resonator (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that said first angle (α) is comprised between 70° and 74°.
  4. Resonator (100) according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said strips (3, 4) are dimensioned with an inner radius (ri) between said virtual pivot axis (O) and the point of attachment of said strips to said connecting element (2), with an outer radius (re) between said virtual pivot axis (O) and the point of attachment of said strips to said weight (1), and with a total length (L) such that L = ri + re, such that a ratio (Q) such as Q = ri/L, is comprised between 0.12 and 0.13.
  5. Resonator (100) according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said strips (3, 4) are dimensioned with an inner radius (ri) between said virtual pivot axis (O) and the point of attachment of said strips to said connecting element (2), with an outer radius (re) between said virtual pivot axis (O) and the point of attachment of said strips to said weight (1), with a thickness (e) in the plane of each said strip (3, 4), such that a ratio (Qm) such as Qm = (ri+e/2)/(ri+e/2+re), is comprised between 0.12 and 0.13.
  6. Resonator (100) according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said crossed strips (3, 4) are each anchored in said connecting element (2) on a surface of said connecting element (2) which is orthogonal to the end of said strip (3, 4) concerned at the anchoring point thereof.
  7. Resonator (100) according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said resonator (100) is in one-piece.
  8. Resonator (100) according to claim 7, characterized in that said resonator (100) is made of silicon or of silicon oxide or of metallic glass or of quartz or of DLC.
  9. Timepiece movement (200) comprising a structure to which is fixed, directly or indirectly, a least one connecting element (2) comprised in a said resonator (100) according to any of claims 1 to 8.
  10. Watch (300), including a movement (200) according to claim 9, and/or at least one said resonator (100) according to any of claims 1 to 8.
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EP14199039.0A EP3035126B1 (en) 2014-12-18 2014-12-18 Timepiece resonator with crossed blades
CH01979/14A CH710524A2 (en) 2014-12-18 2014-12-18 Resonator clockwork cross-band.
JP2016535688A JP6231686B2 (en) 2014-12-18 2015-12-14 Timer resonator with crossed strip
PCT/EP2015/079515 WO2016096677A1 (en) 2014-12-18 2015-12-14 Timepiece resonator with crossed blades
CN201580003174.6A CN105980938B (en) 2014-12-18 2015-12-14 Clock and watch resonator with cross strap
EP15808400.4A EP3234699B1 (en) 2014-12-18 2015-12-14 Timepiece resonator with crossed blades
US15/114,336 US9836024B2 (en) 2014-12-18 2015-12-14 Timepiece resonator with crossed strips
JP2017157043A JP6401354B2 (en) 2014-12-18 2017-08-16 Timer resonator with crossed strip
JP2017157045A JP6449951B2 (en) 2014-12-18 2017-08-16 Timer resonator with crossed strip

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EP3234699B1 (en) 2023-03-08
JP2017503155A (en) 2017-01-26
JP6449951B2 (en) 2019-01-09
JP2017223702A (en) 2017-12-21
CN105980938A (en) 2016-09-28
JP6401354B2 (en) 2018-10-10
EP3234699A1 (en) 2017-10-25
WO2016096677A1 (en) 2016-06-23
US20170010586A1 (en) 2017-01-12
JP2017223701A (en) 2017-12-21
CH710524A2 (en) 2016-06-30
JP6231686B2 (en) 2017-11-15
CN105980938B (en) 2018-04-03
US9836024B2 (en) 2017-12-05
EP3035126A1 (en) 2016-06-22

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