EP3024003B1 - Device for adjusting a voltage with at least one electromagnetic device - Google Patents

Device for adjusting a voltage with at least one electromagnetic device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3024003B1
EP3024003B1 EP15190513.0A EP15190513A EP3024003B1 EP 3024003 B1 EP3024003 B1 EP 3024003B1 EP 15190513 A EP15190513 A EP 15190513A EP 3024003 B1 EP3024003 B1 EP 3024003B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
power
control
coil
coils
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EP15190513.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3024003A3 (en
EP3024003A2 (en
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Manfred Diez
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/42—Circuits specially adapted for the purpose of modifying, or compensating for, electric characteristics of transformers, reactors, or choke coils
    • H01F27/422—Circuits specially adapted for the purpose of modifying, or compensating for, electric characteristics of transformers, reactors, or choke coils for instrument transformers
    • H01F27/425—Circuits specially adapted for the purpose of modifying, or compensating for, electric characteristics of transformers, reactors, or choke coils for instrument transformers for voltage transformers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/12—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac
    • G05F1/32—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using magnetic devices having a controllable degree of saturation as final control devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/14—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/14—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias
    • H01F2029/143—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias with control winding for generating magnetic bias

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for adjusting a voltage.
  • Devices of the type in question are used in particular to regulate and stabilize network voltages in power networks, such as in industrial areas.
  • the network voltages are preferably in the low voltage range below 1000 V, in particular 400 V.
  • power networks increasingly use decentralized energy sources such as photovoltaic systems and wind power systems. This contributes to environmentally friendly energy and electricity generation.
  • the disadvantage here is that these energy sources, when they are in high-power operation, generate line voltages in the power grid that are typically more than 440 V, in particular up to 460 V. This means that the mains voltage is above the permissible maximum, which is 10% above the setpoint of 400 V, i.e. 440 V.
  • controllable transformers can be used to prevent such undesired increases in mains voltages above their permissible limit values.
  • controllable transformers are also very expensive.
  • the U.S. 2,287,754 A relates to a magnetic amplifier which has a closed magnetic core with three parallel arms. A power coil is provided on each of the two outer arms. A control coil is provided on the middle arm. A current is specified via the control coil in order to obtain the magnetic amplification.
  • the DE 610 832 C relates to an arrangement for keeping the voltage constant in AC circuits, in which the operating point of an inductance in the AC circuit is influenced on the magnetization curve.
  • the direct current magnetization of this inductance is dependent on the strength of the premagnetization of a second inductance whose operating point and dependence on the difference between the actual value voltage and the nominal value voltage of the consumer are influenced.
  • the U.S. 2,678,419 A relates to an inverter that generates an alternating current signal as a function of a direct current signal.
  • the inverter has at least one closed magnetic core with three arms, which coils are arranged.
  • the U.S. 2,885,627 A relates to a voltage regulator that regulates an alternating current to a constant value.
  • the voltage regulator includes first and second secondary windings and third and fourth saturation windings arranged on magnetic cores.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing a device and a method by means of which voltages, in particular mains voltages, are used can be set to specified values with little constructive effort.
  • the invention relates to a device for setting a voltage, with at least one electromagnetic device, comprising at least one first power coil on a first power magnetic core, an input voltage being fed to the first power coil. Furthermore, the electromagnetic device comprises a second power coil on a second power magnetic core, the second power coil, which is led to a voltage output at which an output voltage is applied. Furthermore, the electromagnetic device comprises at least one control coil on a control magnet core.
  • the two power magnetic cores and the control magnetic core are part of a closed magnetic core, which has three parallel legs. The middle leg forms the control magnet core and the outer legs form the power magnetic cores, whereby the power coils are designed in such a way that they do not generate any voltage on the control coil.
  • At least one setting unit which is connected to the control coil, is provided, with a control current for the control coil being generated in the setting unit as a function of a setpoint value for the output voltage, by means of which the control magnet core is wholly or partially saturated.
  • the output voltage is set in such a way that a network voltage of a power network does not exceed a permissible limit value.
  • the setting unit is designed as a control unit in which the output voltage is controlled to a setpoint value that is read into the control unit.
  • the invention also relates to a corresponding method.
  • the device according to the invention has a compact and simple structure, so that an exact and reproducible voltage setting is made possible with it with little construction and cost outlay.
  • the device according to the invention is used to stabilize network voltages in power networks.
  • the voltage setting according to the invention ensures that line voltages in power grids do not exceed the respective permissible limit values. This avoids undesirable adverse effects on consumers connected to the power grid.
  • the device according to the invention can advantageously be used in intelligent electricity networks, so-called smart grids.
  • An essential aspect of the invention is that the voltage is set by changing the electromagnetic properties of components of the electromagnetic device. In contrast to a setting with semiconductor elements, a more cost-effective and more robust setting option is created in this way.
  • the basic principle of the device according to the invention is to bring the control magnet core fully or partially into saturation with a control current predetermined by the setting unit. Depending on the level of the control current, a certain voltage drop occurs in the power coil, whereby a defined output voltage is generated from the input voltage, which is made available to the consumers of a power network.
  • the power coils are designed in such a way that they do not generate any voltage in the control coil. This is advantageously achieved in that the two power coils are operated in a push-pull circuit.
  • the voltage is set via the setting unit in such a way that the output voltage is set to a setpoint value.
  • the setpoint can be stored in the setting unit.
  • the setpoint value is particularly advantageously read into the setting unit by an external unit, with contactless or remote transmission also being possible for this purpose.
  • the device according to the invention can thus be flexibly integrated in distributed systems.
  • the setpoint can in particular also be time-dependent. A dynamic voltage setting is possible due to the setpoint which can be changed in this way.
  • the setting unit is formed by a control unit.
  • the control unit can be provided, such as PI controllers or PID controllers.
  • the two power magnetic cores and the control magnetic core are particularly advantageous components of a closed magnetic core.
  • the magnetic core has three parallel legs, the middle leg forming the control magnet core and the outer legs forming the power magnetic cores.
  • the electromagnetic device designed in this way with only one control coil and only two power coils operated in push-pull has a particularly simple and cost-effective structure.
  • the voltage can only be set in such a way that the output voltage can only be reduced compared to the input voltage, but not increased.
  • a series transformer can advantageously be arranged upstream of the electromagnetic device, by means of which the input voltage is increased.
  • an electromagnetic device with an associated setting unit is provided for each phase of an input voltage, it being possible for a series transformer to be arranged upstream of the individual electromagnetic devices.
  • two series-connected electromagnetic devices are provided, control coils connected to setting means for setting the output voltage being provided in the first and / or second electromagnetic device.
  • the output voltages are output from the second electromagnetic device.
  • Each electromagnetic device has two pairs of power coils and a pair of control coils, the power coils of each pair being operated in push-pull mode.
  • the two pairs of power coils are also operated in push-pull mode, which prevents the power coils from generating a voltage on the control magnet core on which the control coils of an electromagnetic device are applied.
  • control coils are designed in such a way that a constant voltage is predetermined by means of the control coil of the first electromagnetic device.
  • An adjustable voltage is generated with the control coil of the second electromagnetic device.
  • the voltage can be set in such a way that the output voltage is both reduced in relation to the input voltage as well as being increased. This means that there is no need to connect series transformers.
  • such a device In order to set a voltage for a polyphase mains voltage, such a device is again provided for each phase of the mains voltage.
  • Figure 1 shows a detailed representation of a first embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows this device 1 in a highly schematic form.
  • the device 1 is used to set a voltage, in particular a network voltage of a power network.
  • a voltage in particular a network voltage of a power network.
  • a single-phase voltage or a phase of a multi-phase voltage can be set.
  • a mains voltage is set in such a way that it does not exceed the permissible limit range of 400 V + 10%.
  • the device 1 according to Figure 1 respectively Figure 2 comprises an electromagnetic device 2 and an adjustment unit associated therewith.
  • the setting unit can in principle be formed by a current regulator.
  • the setting unit is formed by a control unit 3, for example a PID controller or a PI controller.
  • the electromagnetic device 2 comprises a closed magnetic core 4.
  • the magnetic core 4 comprises three sections running parallel to one another in the form of legs (in Figure 1 running in the horizontal direction), which at their ends by sections running perpendicular thereto (in Figure 1 running in the vertical direction) are connected.
  • the middle section of the magnetic core 4 forms a control magnetic core 5, the two outer sections form power magnetic cores 6a, 6b.
  • a control coil 7 is provided on the control magnet core 5. Lines are routed from the control coil 7 to a ground connection 8a and a voltage connection 8b, between which a control voltage US in the form of a direct voltage is applied. Accordingly, a control current in the form of a direct current is fed from the control unit 3 via a connection 9 of the control unit 3 to the voltage connection 8b, so that the control current is fed to the control coil 7.
  • a power coil 10a is provided on the first power magnetic core 6a.
  • a line leads from the first power coil 10a to a line-side voltage input 11, at which the line voltage to be set is applied as an input voltage UN.
  • a second power coil 10b is provided on the second power magnetic core 6b.
  • a line leads from the second power coil 10b to a consumer-side voltage output 12, at which the voltage set in the electromagnetic device 2 is present as output voltage UR and is fed to a consumer 13 or several consumers 13.
  • the power coils 10a, 10b are operated in push-pull operation, that is to say the power coils 10a, 10b have identical windings and are traversed by currents of the same amount in opposite directions. This ensures that the power coils 10a, 10b in the control magnet core 5 and in the control coil 7 do not generate any voltage.
  • the output voltage UR can be set in a predefined manner.
  • the output voltage UR is set by changing the electromagnetic properties of the electromagnetic device 2.
  • the control magnet core 5 is brought fully or partially into saturation by the control current.
  • there is a corresponding voltage drop UR-UN which decreases as the control current increases.
  • the control current thus generates an output voltage UN, that is to say a changed network voltage, which is then made available to the consumer 13, depending on the input voltage UN, that is to say the mains voltage fed into the electromagnetic device 2.
  • the voltage is set in such a way that the output voltage UR is regulated to a setpoint value.
  • the setpoint value is read into the control unit 3 by an external unit 15 via an interface 16 of the latter.
  • the transfer can be wired or contactless.
  • the current output voltage is read into the control unit 3 via a connection 17.
  • the setpoint value and the output voltage UN are thus present as an actual value in the control unit 3, so that the output voltage UN can be regulated to the setpoint value in the control unit 3.
  • the setpoint can be constant over time or variable over time.
  • the output voltage is not determined by a phase versus phase measurement, but phase versus zero potential. In general, a phase-to-phase measurement is of course also possible.
  • the corresponding reference 18a of the neutral conductor 18 for the mains voltage, the reference 18b of the neutral conductor 18 for the control voltage, and the neutral conductor 18 itself are shown schematically in FIG Figure 1 shown.
  • FIG. 1 With the device 1 according to Figure 1 respectively Figure 2 a single-phase mains voltage can be regulated.
  • a separate device 1 is required for regulating each phase of the line voltage.
  • Figure 3 shows the arrangement for regulating a three-phase mains voltage.
  • three identical devices 1 according to the Figures 1 or 2 are used, which generate the dependency of the respective input voltages UN.1, UN.2, UN.3 for the respective phase, the output voltage UR.1, UR.2, UR.3.
  • a voltage setting can only take place in such a way that the output voltage UR is reduced compared to the input voltage UN, but not increased.
  • the device 1 can Figure 1 or 2, a series transformer 19 can be arranged upstream ( Figure 4 ). The series transformer 19 converts the mains voltage UN into a higher voltage UT, which is then made available to the device 1 as an input voltage.
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically a further embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention.
  • This device 1 comprises two electromagnetic devices 2a, 2b connected in series.
  • the first electromagnetic device 2a has one of the device 1 of Figure 1 corresponding magnetic core 4, that is, the one in Figure 5 Magnetic core 4, not shown separately, has a central section and two laterally arranged outer sections running parallel to the central section.
  • the central section of the magnet core 4 again forms a control magnet core 5 on which two control coils 20a, 20b are now provided.
  • the lateral sections each form a power magnetic core 6a, 6b, two power coils 21a, 21b being arranged on the first power magnetic core 6a and two power coils 22a, 22b also being arranged on the second power magnetic core 6b.
  • One of the power coils 21a, 21b or 22a, 22b on each magnetic core 4 is designed with a winding that is not galvanically separated from the mains.
  • the power coils 21a, 21b or 22a, 22b on each power magnet core 6a, 6b are operated in push-pull operation, that is, they have the same number of windings and opposite currents flow through them.
  • the coil arrangements on the two power magnetic cores 6a, 6b are operated in push-pull mode with respect to one another, so that they do not generate any voltages in the control coils 20a, 20b.
  • the control coils 20a, 20b do not have to be of identical design and, in particular, do not have to have the same winding sense.
  • the second electromagnetic device 2b has a structure corresponding to the first electromagnetic device 2a. Accordingly, the electromagnetic device 2b has two control coils 23a, 23b on a control magnet core 5, which correspond to the control coils 20a, 20b of the first electromagnetic device 2a. Furthermore, the electromagnetic device 2b has two power coils 24a, 24b on a first power magnetic core 6a, which correspond to the power coils 21a, 21b. Finally, the electromagnetic device 2b has two power coils 25a, 25b on a second power magnetic core 6b, which correspond to the power coils 22a, 22b.
  • the structure of the two electromagnetic devices 2a, 2b is completely identical, but the control coils 20a, 20b and the power coils 21a, 21b, 22a, 22b of the first electromagnetic device 2a do not have to be identical in terms of their windings to the windings of the corresponding control coils 23a, 23b and power coils 24a, 24b and 25a, 25b may be formed.
  • the line voltage to be set is supplied as an input voltage UN via an input circuit to the first electromagnetic device 2a.
  • the output voltage UR set with the two electromagnetic devices 2a, 2b is present at the output of the second electromagnetic device 2b.
  • control coils 20a, 20b and 23a, 23b are controlled via one or two separate setting units, in accordance with the embodiment according to FIG Figure 1 the or each setting unit is designed as a control unit 3.
  • control coils 20a, 20b of the first electromagnetic device 2a are set to a fixed DC voltage. Furthermore, the control coils 23a, 23b are set to a regulated DC voltage in accordance with the regulation process for generating the output voltage UR to the predetermined setpoint value.
  • an input voltage UN can not only be reduced but also increased.
  • a series transformer 19 can thus be dispensed with in this device 1.
  • the device 1 according to Figure 5 is used to set the voltage of a single-phase mains voltage or one phase of a multi-phase mains voltage. This means that a device 1 according to FIG Figure 5 is needed.

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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Einstellung einer Spannung.The invention relates to a method and a device for adjusting a voltage.

Vorrichtungen der in Rede stehenden Art dienen insbesondere zur Regelung und Stabilisierung von Netzspannungen in Stromnetzen, wie zum Beispiel in Industriegebieten. Die Netzspannungen liegen bevorzugt im Niederspannungsbereich unterhalb von 1000 V, insbesondere bei 400 V. In den letzten Jahren wurden bei derartigen Stromnetzen verstärkt dezentral einspeisende Energiequellen wie Photovoltaik-Anlagen und Windkraft-Anlagen genutzt. Dies trägt zwar zu einer umweltschonenden Energie- und Stromerzeugung bei. Nachteilig hierbei ist jedoch, dass mit diesen Energiequellen, wenn sie im Hochleistungsbetrieb sind, Netzspannungen im Stromnetz erzeugt werden, die typisch mehr als 440 V, insbesondere bis 460 V betragen. Damit liegt die Netzspannung über dem zulässigen Maximal, der bei 10 % über dem Sollwert von 400 V, also bei 440 V liegt. Dies stellt deshalb ein gravierendes Problem dar, da an derartigen Stromnetzen oft Verbraucher wie Pumpen, Kompressoren und dergleichen betrieben werden, die für Spannungen im Bereich 380 V ± 5% ausgelegt sind, also für Spannungswerte im Bereich von etwa 360 V bis 400 V. Liegen an derartigen Vorrichtungen Netzspannungen größer als 440 V an, so treten bei diesen Verbrauchern, insbesondere bei deren Motoren, Fehlbelastungen auf. Dies führt zu einem reduzierten Wirkungsgrad, zu einer verkürzten Lebensdauer und zu einem erhöhten Ausfallrisiko derartiger Vorrichtungen. Bei sicherheitsrelevanten Vorrichtungen kann sogar deren Betriebserlaubnis erlöschen, da durch die erhöhte Netzspannung kein fehlersicherer Betrieb mehr gewährleistet ist.Devices of the type in question are used in particular to regulate and stabilize network voltages in power networks, such as in industrial areas. The network voltages are preferably in the low voltage range below 1000 V, in particular 400 V. In recent years, such power networks increasingly use decentralized energy sources such as photovoltaic systems and wind power systems. This contributes to environmentally friendly energy and electricity generation. The disadvantage here, however, is that these energy sources, when they are in high-power operation, generate line voltages in the power grid that are typically more than 440 V, in particular up to 460 V. This means that the mains voltage is above the permissible maximum, which is 10% above the setpoint of 400 V, i.e. 440 V. This represents a serious problem, since consumers such as pumps, compressors and the like that are designed for voltages in the range of 380 V ± 5%, i.e. for voltage values in the range of around 360 V to 400 V, are often operated on such power networks Mains voltages greater than 440 V are applied to devices of this type, so these consumers, especially their motors, experience incorrect loads. This leads to a reduced degree of efficiency, to a shortened service life and to an increased risk of failure of such devices. In the case of safety-relevant devices, their operating permit can even expire, since fail-safe operation is no longer guaranteed due to the increased mains voltage.

Um derartige unerwünschte Erhöhungen von Netzspannungen über deren zulässige Grenzwerte hinaus zu unterbinden, können prinzipiell regelbare Transformatoren eingesetzt werden. Diese weisen jedoch aufgrund der erforderlichen großen und schweren Wicklungen der einzelnen Spulen eine unerwünscht große Bauform auf. Zudem sind derartige regelbare Transformatoren auch sehr teuer.In principle, controllable transformers can be used to prevent such undesired increases in mains voltages above their permissible limit values. However, because of the large and heavy windings required for the individual coils, these have an undesirably large design. In addition, such controllable transformers are also very expensive.

Die US 2 287 754 A betrifft einen magnetischen Verstärker, welcher einen geschlossenen Magnetkern mit drei parallelen Armen aufweist. Auf den beiden äußeren Armen ist jeweils eine Leistungsspule vorgesehen. Auf dem mittleren Arm ist eine Steuerspule vorgesehen. Über die Steuerspule wird ein Strom vorgegeben, um die magnetische Verstärkung zu erhalten.The U.S. 2,287,754 A relates to a magnetic amplifier which has a closed magnetic core with three parallel arms. A power coil is provided on each of the two outer arms. A control coil is provided on the middle arm. A current is specified via the control coil in order to obtain the magnetic amplification.

Die DE 610 832 C betrifft eine Anordnung zur Konstanthaltung der Spannung in Wechselstromkreisen, bei welcher der Arbeitspunkt einer im Wechselstromkreis liegenden Induktivität auf der Magnetisierungskurve beeinflusst wird. Die Gleichstrommagnetisierung dieser Induktivität ist abhängig von der Stärke der Vormagnetisierung einer zweiten Induktivität deren Arbeitspunkt und Abhängigkeit von dem Unterschied zwischen der Istwertspannung und der Sollwertspannung des Verbrauchers beeinflusst wird.The DE 610 832 C relates to an arrangement for keeping the voltage constant in AC circuits, in which the operating point of an inductance in the AC circuit is influenced on the magnetization curve. The direct current magnetization of this inductance is dependent on the strength of the premagnetization of a second inductance whose operating point and dependence on the difference between the actual value voltage and the nominal value voltage of the consumer are influenced.

Die US 2 678 419 A betrifft einen Inverter, der in Abhängigkeit eines Gleichstromsignals ein Wechselstromsignal generiert. Der Inverter weist wenigstens einen geschlossenen Magnetkern mit drei Armen auf, welchen Spulen angeordnet sind.The U.S. 2,678,419 A relates to an inverter that generates an alternating current signal as a function of a direct current signal. The inverter has at least one closed magnetic core with three arms, which coils are arranged.

Die US 2 885 627 A betrifft einen Spannungsregler, der einen Wechselstrom auf einem konstanten Wert regelt. Der Spannungsregler umfasst erste und z weite sekundäre Windungen und dritte und vierte Sättigungswindungen, die auf Magnetkernen angeordnet sind.The U.S. 2,885,627 A relates to a voltage regulator that regulates an alternating current to a constant value. The voltage regulator includes first and second secondary windings and third and fourth saturation windings arranged on magnetic cores.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren bereitzustellen, mittels dessen Spannungen, insbesondere Netzspannungen mit konstruktiv geringem Aufwand auf vorgegebene Werte eingestellt werden können.The invention is based on the object of providing a device and a method by means of which voltages, in particular mains voltages, are used can be set to specified values with little constructive effort.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe sind die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche vorgesehen. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen und zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.The features of the independent claims are provided to solve this problem. Advantageous embodiments and expedient developments of the invention are described in the subclaims.

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Einstellung einer Spannung, mit wenigstens einer elektromagnetischen Vorrichtung, umfassend wenigstens eine erste Leistungsspule auf einem ersten Leistungsmagnetkern, wobei auf die erste Leistungsspule eine Eingangsspannung geführt ist. Weiterhin umfasst die elektromagnetische Vorrichtung eine zweite Leistungsspule auf einem zweiten Leistungsmagnetkern, wobei die zweite Leistungsspule, welche auf einen Spannungsausgang geführt ist, an welchem eine Ausgangsspannung anliegt. Weiterhin umfasst die elektromagnetische Vorrichtung wenigstens eine Steuerspule auf einem Steuermagnetkern. Die beiden Leistungsmagnetkerne und der Steuermagnetkern sind Bestandteil eines geschlossenen Magnetkerns, welcher drei parallel verlaufende Schenkel aufweist. Der mittlere Schenkel bilden den Steuermagnetkern und die äußeren Schenkel die Leistungsmagnetkerne, wodurch die Leistungsspulen so ausgebildet sind, dass durch diese keine Spannung an der Steuerspule generiert wird. Wenigstens einer Einstelleinheit, welche an die Steuerspule angeschlossen ist, ist vorgesehen, wobei in der Einstelleinheit abhängig von einem Sollwert für die Ausgangsspannung ein Steuerstrom für die Steuerspule generiert ist, mittels dessen der Steuermagnetkern ganz oder teilweise in Sättigung gebracht wird. Eine Einstellung der Ausgangsspannung ist derart durchgeführt, dass eine Netzspannung eines Stromnetzes einen zulässigen Grenzwert nicht überschreitet. Erfindungsgemäß ist die Einstelleinheit als Regeleinheit ausgebildet, in welcher die Ausgangsspannung auf einen Sollwert geregelt wird, der in die Regeleinheit eingelesen wird.The invention relates to a device for setting a voltage, with at least one electromagnetic device, comprising at least one first power coil on a first power magnetic core, an input voltage being fed to the first power coil. Furthermore, the electromagnetic device comprises a second power coil on a second power magnetic core, the second power coil, which is led to a voltage output at which an output voltage is applied. Furthermore, the electromagnetic device comprises at least one control coil on a control magnet core. The two power magnetic cores and the control magnetic core are part of a closed magnetic core, which has three parallel legs. The middle leg forms the control magnet core and the outer legs form the power magnetic cores, whereby the power coils are designed in such a way that they do not generate any voltage on the control coil. At least one setting unit, which is connected to the control coil, is provided, with a control current for the control coil being generated in the setting unit as a function of a setpoint value for the output voltage, by means of which the control magnet core is wholly or partially saturated. The output voltage is set in such a way that a network voltage of a power network does not exceed a permissible limit value. According to the invention, the setting unit is designed as a control unit in which the output voltage is controlled to a setpoint value that is read into the control unit.

Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein entsprechendes Verfahren.The invention also relates to a corresponding method.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung weist einen kompakten und einfachen Aufbau auf, so dass mit dieser mit geringem Konstruktions- und Kostenaufwand eine exakte und reproduzierbare Spannungseinstellung ermöglicht wird.The device according to the invention has a compact and simple structure, so that an exact and reproducible voltage setting is made possible with it with little construction and cost outlay.

Erfindungsgemäß erfolgt mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung eine Stabilisierung von Netzspannungen von Stromnetzen. Insbesondere wird dabei mit der erfindungsgemäßen Spannungseinstellung erreicht, dass Netzspannungen in Stromnetzen die jeweils zulässigen Grenzwerte nicht übersteigen. Damit werden unerwünschte Beeinträchtigungen von an das Stromnetz angeschlossenen Verbrauchern vermieden. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung kann dabei vorteilhaft in intelligenten Strommetzen, sogenannten Smartgrids, eingesetzt werden.According to the invention, the device according to the invention is used to stabilize network voltages in power networks. In particular, the voltage setting according to the invention ensures that line voltages in power grids do not exceed the respective permissible limit values. This avoids undesirable adverse effects on consumers connected to the power grid. The device according to the invention can advantageously be used in intelligent electricity networks, so-called smart grids.

Ein wesentlicher Aspekt der Erfindung besteht darin, dass die Spannungseinstellung durch Veränderungen der elektromagnetischen Eigenschaften von Komponenten der elektromagnetischen Vorrichtung erfolgt. Im Gegensatz zu einer Einstellung mit Halbleiterelementen wird so eine kostengünstigere und robustere Einstellmöglichkeit geschaffen.An essential aspect of the invention is that the voltage is set by changing the electromagnetic properties of components of the electromagnetic device. In contrast to a setting with semiconductor elements, a more cost-effective and more robust setting option is created in this way.

Das Grundprinzip der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung besteht darin, mit einem durch die Einstelleinheit vorgegebenen Steuerstrom den Steuermagnetkern ganz oder teilweise in Sättigung zu bringen. Je nach Höhe des Steuerstroms tritt ein bestimmter Spannungsabfall an die Leistungsspule, wodurch aus der Eingangsspannung eine definierte Ausgangsspannung erzeugt wird, die den Verbrauchern eines Stromnetzes zur Verfügung gestellt wird.The basic principle of the device according to the invention is to bring the control magnet core fully or partially into saturation with a control current predetermined by the setting unit. Depending on the level of the control current, a certain voltage drop occurs in the power coil, whereby a defined output voltage is generated from the input voltage, which is made available to the consumers of a power network.

Wesentlich hierbei ist, dass die Leistungsspulen so ausgebildet sind, dass durch diese keine Spannung in der Steuerspule generiert wird. Dies wird vorteilhaft dadurch erreicht, dass die beiden Leistungsspulen in einer Gegentaktschaltung betrieben sind.It is essential here that the power coils are designed in such a way that they do not generate any voltage in the control coil. This is advantageously achieved in that the two power coils are operated in a push-pull circuit.

Dies bedeutet, dass die beiden Leistungsspulen identische Wicklungen aufweisen, die in entgegengesetzter Richtung mit Strom durchflossen sind.This means that the two power coils have identical windings through which current flows in opposite directions.

Die Spannungseinstellung erfolgt über die Einstelleinheit derart, dass die Ausgangsspannung auf einen Sollwert eingestellt wird. Prinzipiell kann der Sollwert in der Einstelleinheit gespeichert sein. Besonders vorteilhaft wird der Sollwert von einer externen Einheit in die Einstelleinheit eingelesen, wobei hierzu auch eine berührungslose oder Fernübertragung möglich ist. Damit kann die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung flexibel in verteilten Systemen integriert werden. Der Sollwert kann insbesondere auch zeitabhängig sein. Durch den so veränderlichen Sollwert ist eine dynamische Spannungseinstellung möglich.The voltage is set via the setting unit in such a way that the output voltage is set to a setpoint value. In principle, the setpoint can be stored in the setting unit. The setpoint value is particularly advantageously read into the setting unit by an external unit, with contactless or remote transmission also being possible for this purpose. The device according to the invention can thus be flexibly integrated in distributed systems. The setpoint can in particular also be time-dependent. A dynamic voltage setting is possible due to the setpoint which can be changed in this way.

Erfindungsgemäß ist die Einstelleinheit von einer Regeleinheit gebildet. Dabei können unterschiedliche Ausbildungen der Regeleinheit vorgesehen sein, wie zum Beispiel PI-Regler oder PID-Regler.According to the invention, the setting unit is formed by a control unit. Different designs of the control unit can be provided, such as PI controllers or PID controllers.

Besonders vorteilhaft sind die beiden Leistungsmagnetkerne und der Steuermagnetkern Bestandteil eines geschlossenen Magnetkerns.The two power magnetic cores and the control magnetic core are particularly advantageous components of a closed magnetic core.

Dabei weist der Magnetkern drei parallel verlaufende Schenkel auf, wobei der mittlere Schenkel den Steuermagnetkern und die äußeren Schenkel die Leistungsmagnetkerne bilden.The magnetic core has three parallel legs, the middle leg forming the control magnet core and the outer legs forming the power magnetic cores.

Die so ausgebildete elektromagnetische Vorrichtung mit nur einer Steuerspule und nur zwei im Gegentakt betriebenen Leistungsspulen weist einen besonders einfachen und kostengünstigen Aufbau auf.The electromagnetic device designed in this way with only one control coil and only two power coils operated in push-pull has a particularly simple and cost-effective structure.

Bei dieser Ausführungsform kann eine Spannungseinstellung nur derart erfolgen, dass die Ausgangsspannung gegenüber der Eingangsspannung nur reduziert, nicht jedoch erhöht werden kann.In this embodiment, the voltage can only be set in such a way that the output voltage can only be reduced compared to the input voltage, but not increased.

Um in diesem Fall das Niveau der Eingangsspannung zu erhöhen, kann vorteilhaft der elektromagnetischen Vorrichtung ein Vorschalttransformator vorgeordnet sein, mittels dessen die Eingangsspannung erhöht ist.In order to increase the level of the input voltage in this case, a series transformer can advantageously be arranged upstream of the electromagnetic device, by means of which the input voltage is increased.

Bei einer mehrphasigen Netzspannung ist für jede Phase einer Eingangsspannung eine elektromagnetische Vorrichtung mit einer zugeordneten Einstelleinheit vorgesehen, wobei gegebenenfalls den einzelnen elektromagnetischen Vorrichtungen ein Vorschalttransformator vorgeordnet sein kann.In the case of a multiphase mains voltage, an electromagnetic device with an associated setting unit is provided for each phase of an input voltage, it being possible for a series transformer to be arranged upstream of the individual electromagnetic devices.

Gemäß einer besonders vorteilhaften Variante der Erfindung sind zwei in Reihe geschaltete elektromagnetische Vorrichtungen vorgesehen, wobei in der ersten und/oder zweiten elektromagnetischen Vorrichtung an Einstellmittel angeschlossene Steuerspulen zur Einstellung der Ausgangsspannung vorgesehen sind. Die Ausgangsspannungen werden an der zweiten elektromagnetischen Vorrichtung ausgegeben.According to a particularly advantageous variant of the invention, two series-connected electromagnetic devices are provided, control coils connected to setting means for setting the output voltage being provided in the first and / or second electromagnetic device. The output voltages are output from the second electromagnetic device.

Dabei weist jede elektromagnetische Vorrichtung zwei Paare von Leistungsspulen und ein Paar Steuerspulen auf, wobei die Leistungsspulen jedes Paars im Gegentaktbetrieb betrieben sind.Each electromagnetic device has two pairs of power coils and a pair of control coils, the power coils of each pair being operated in push-pull mode.

Weiterhin werden die beiden Paare von Leistungsspulen auch, in Übereinstimmung mit der ersten Variante der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, im Gegentakt betrieben, wodurch vermieden wird, dass die Leistungsspulen auf dem Steuermagnetkern, auf welchem die Steuerspulen einer elektromagnetischen Vorrichtung aufgebracht sind, eine Spannung erzeugen.Furthermore, in accordance with the first variant of the device according to the invention, the two pairs of power coils are also operated in push-pull mode, which prevents the power coils from generating a voltage on the control magnet core on which the control coils of an electromagnetic device are applied.

Schließlich sind die Steuerspulen so ausgebildet, dass mittels der Steuerspule der ersten elektromagnetischen Vorrichtung eine konstante Spannung vorgegeben ist. Mit der Steuerspule der zweiten elektromagnetischen Vorrichtung wird eine einstellbare Spannung generiert.Finally, the control coils are designed in such a way that a constant voltage is predetermined by means of the control coil of the first electromagnetic device. An adjustable voltage is generated with the control coil of the second electromagnetic device.

Mit einer derartigen Vorrichtung kann eine Spannungseinstellung so erfolgen, dass die Ausgangsspannung gegenüber der Eingangsspannung sowohl reduziert als auch erhöht wird. Damit kann die Vorschaltung von Vorschalttransformatoren entfallen.With such a device, the voltage can be set in such a way that the output voltage is both reduced in relation to the input voltage as well as being increased. This means that there is no need to connect series transformers.

Um eine Spannungseinstellung für eine mehrphasige Netzspannung vorzunehmen, ist für jede Phase der Netzspannung wieder eine derartige Vorrichtung vorgesehen.In order to set a voltage for a polyphase mains voltage, such a device is again provided for each phase of the mains voltage.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand der Zeichnungen erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1:
Detaildarstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Spannungseinstellung.
Figur 2:
Schematische Darstellung der Vorrichtung gemäß Figur 1.
Figur 3:
Mehrfachanordnung von Vorrichtungen gemäß Figur 1 oder Figur 2 zur Einstellung mehrerer Phasen einer Netzspannung.
Figur 4:
Vorrichtung gemäß Figur 1 oder Figur 2 mit einem vorgeordneten Vorschalttransformator.
Figur 5:
Schematische Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform zur Spannungseinstellung.
The invention is explained below with reference to the drawings. Show it:
Figure 1:
Detailed representation of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention for voltage adjustment.
Figure 2:
Schematic representation of the device according to Figure 1 .
Figure 3:
Multiple arrangement of devices according to Figure 1 or Figure 2 for setting several phases of a mains voltage.
Figure 4:
Device according to Figure 1 or Figure 2 with an upstream transformer.
Figure 5:
Schematic representation of a second embodiment for voltage adjustment.

Figur 1 zeigt eine Detaildarstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1. Figur 2 zeigt diese Vorrichtung 1 in einer stark schematisierten Form. Figure 1 shows a detailed representation of a first embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention. Figure 2 shows this device 1 in a highly schematic form.

Die Vorrichtung 1 dient zur Einstellung einer Spannung, insbesondere einer Netzspannung eines Stromnetzes. Mit der Vorrichtung 1 der Figur 1 kann eine einphasige Spannung oder eine Phase einer mehrphasigen Spannung eingestellt werden.The device 1 is used to set a voltage, in particular a network voltage of a power network. With the device 1 of the Figure 1 a single-phase voltage or a phase of a multi-phase voltage can be set.

Im vorliegenden Fall erfolgt die Einstellung einer Netzspannung derart, dass diese nicht den zulässigen Grenzbereich von 400 V + 10 % überschreitet.In the present case, a mains voltage is set in such a way that it does not exceed the permissible limit range of 400 V + 10%.

Die Vorrichtung 1 gemäß Figur 1 beziehungsweise Figur 2 umfasst eine elektromagnetische Vorrichtung 2 und eine dieser zugeordneten Einstelleinheit. Die Einstelleinheit kann prinzipiell von einem Stromsteller gebildet sein. Im vorliegenden Fall ist die Einstelleinheit von einer Regeleinheit 3, zum Beispiel von einem PID-Regler oder einem PI-Regler, gebildet.The device 1 according to Figure 1 respectively Figure 2 comprises an electromagnetic device 2 and an adjustment unit associated therewith. The setting unit can in principle be formed by a current regulator. In the present case, the setting unit is formed by a control unit 3, for example a PID controller or a PI controller.

Die elektromagnetische Vorrichtung 2 umfasst einen geschlossenen Magnetkern 4. Der Magnetkern 4 umfasst drei parallel zueinander verlaufende Abschnitte in Form von Schenkeln (in Figur 1 in horizontaler Richtung verlaufend), die an ihren Enden durch senkrecht hierzu verlaufende Abschnitte (in Figur 1 in vertikaler Richtung verlaufend) verbunden sind.The electromagnetic device 2 comprises a closed magnetic core 4. The magnetic core 4 comprises three sections running parallel to one another in the form of legs (in Figure 1 running in the horizontal direction), which at their ends by sections running perpendicular thereto (in Figure 1 running in the vertical direction) are connected.

Der mittlere Abschnitt des Magnetkerns 4 bildet einen Steuermagnetkern 5, die beiden außenliegenden Abschnitte bilden Leistungsmagnetkerne 6a, 6b. Auf dem Steuermagnetkern 5 ist eine Steuerspule 7 vorgesehen. Von der Steuerspule 7 sind Leitungen zu einem Masseanschluss 8a und einem Spannungsanschluss 8b geführt, zwischen welchen eine Steuerspannung US in Form einer Gleichspannung angelegt wird. Dementsprechend wird über einen Anschluss 9 der Regeleinheit 3 von dieser ein Steuerstrom in Form eines Gleichstroms auf den Spannungsanschluss 8b geführt, so dass der Steuerstrom der Steuerspule 7 zugeführt ist.The middle section of the magnetic core 4 forms a control magnetic core 5, the two outer sections form power magnetic cores 6a, 6b. A control coil 7 is provided on the control magnet core 5. Lines are routed from the control coil 7 to a ground connection 8a and a voltage connection 8b, between which a control voltage US in the form of a direct voltage is applied. Accordingly, a control current in the form of a direct current is fed from the control unit 3 via a connection 9 of the control unit 3 to the voltage connection 8b, so that the control current is fed to the control coil 7.

Der obere, parallel zum mittleren Abschnitt verlaufende Abschnitt des Magnetkerns 4 bildet den ersten Leistungsmagnetkern 6a. Auf dem ersten Leistungsmagnetkern 6a ist eine Leistungsspule 10a vorgesehen. Von der ersten Leistungsspule 10a führt eine Leitung zu einem netzseitigen Spannungseingang 11, an welchem die einzustellende Netzspannung als Eingangsspannung UN anliegt.The upper section of the magnetic core 4, which runs parallel to the central section, forms the first power magnetic core 6a. A power coil 10a is provided on the first power magnetic core 6a. A line leads from the first power coil 10a to a line-side voltage input 11, at which the line voltage to be set is applied as an input voltage UN.

Der untere, parallel zum mittleren Abschnitt verlaufende Abschnitt des Magnetkerns 4 bildet den zweiten Leistungsmagnetkern 6b. Auf dem zweiten Leistungsmagnetkern 6b ist eine zweite Leistungsspule 10b vorgesehen. Von der zweiten Leistungsspule 10b führt eine Leitung auf einen verbraucherseitigen Spannungsausgang 12, an welchem die in der elektromagnetischen Vorrichtung 2 eingestellte Spannung als Ausgangsspannung UR ansteht und einem Verbraucher 13 beziehungsweise mehreren Verbrauchern 13 zugeführt wird.The lower section of the magnetic core 4, which runs parallel to the central section, forms the second power magnetic core 6b. A second power coil 10b is provided on the second power magnetic core 6b. A line leads from the second power coil 10b to a consumer-side voltage output 12, at which the voltage set in the electromagnetic device 2 is present as output voltage UR and is fed to a consumer 13 or several consumers 13.

Schließlich sind die Leistungsspulen 10a, 10b über eine Leitungsbrücke 14 verbunden.Finally, the power coils 10a, 10b are connected via a line bridge 14.

Die Leistungsspulen 10a, 10b werden im Gegentaktbetrieb betrieben, das heißt die Leistungsspulen 10a, 10b weisen identische Wicklungen auf und werden mit entgegengesetzt gerichteten, betragsmäßig gleichen Strömen durchflossen. Dadurch wird erreicht, dass die Leistungsspulen 10a, 10b im Steuermagnetkern 5 und in der Steuerspule 7 keine Spannung generieren.The power coils 10a, 10b are operated in push-pull operation, that is to say the power coils 10a, 10b have identical windings and are traversed by currents of the same amount in opposite directions. This ensures that the power coils 10a, 10b in the control magnet core 5 and in the control coil 7 do not generate any voltage.

Damit kann durch Vorgabe eines Steuerstroms in der Steuerspule 7 über die Regeleinheit 3 die Ausgangsspannung UR in vorgegebener Weise eingestellt werden. Die Einstellung der Ausgangsspannung UR erfolgt dabei durch Veränderung der elektromagnetischen Eigenschaften der elektromagnetischen Vorrichtung 2. Durch den Steuerstrom wird der Steuermagnetkern 5 ganz oder teilweise in Sättigung gebracht. Abhängig vom Steuerstrom tritt ein entsprechender Spannungsabfall UR-UN ein, der mit größer werdendem Steuerstrom kleiner wird. Damit wird durch den Steuerstrom abhängig von der Eingangsspannung UN, das heißt der in die elektromagnetische Vorrichtung 2 eingespeisten Netzspannung, eine Ausgangsspannung UN, das heißt eine geänderte Netzspannung erzeugt, die dann dem Verbraucher 13 zur Verfügung gestellt wird.In this way, by specifying a control current in the control coil 7 via the control unit 3, the output voltage UR can be set in a predefined manner. The output voltage UR is set by changing the electromagnetic properties of the electromagnetic device 2. The control magnet core 5 is brought fully or partially into saturation by the control current. Depending on the control current, there is a corresponding voltage drop UR-UN, which decreases as the control current increases. The control current thus generates an output voltage UN, that is to say a changed network voltage, which is then made available to the consumer 13, depending on the input voltage UN, that is to say the mains voltage fed into the electromagnetic device 2.

Die Spannungseinstellung erfolgt derart, dass die Ausgangsspannung UR auf einen Sollwert geregelt wird. Der Sollwert wird von einer externen Einheit 15 über eine Schnittstelle 16 der Regeleinheit 3 in diese eingelesen. Die Übertragung kann leitungsgebunden oder berührungslos erfolgen. Weiterhin wird die aktuelle Ausgangsspannung über einen Anschluss 17 der Regeleinheit 3 in diese eingelesen. Damit sind in der Regeleinheit 3 der Sollwert und die Ausgangsspannung UN als Istwert vorhanden, so dass in der Regeleinheit 3 die Regelung der Ausgangsspannung UN auf den Sollwert erfolgen kann. Der Sollwert kann zeitlich konstant oder zeitlich veränderlich sein.The voltage is set in such a way that the output voltage UR is regulated to a setpoint value. The setpoint value is read into the control unit 3 by an external unit 15 via an interface 16 of the latter. The transfer can be wired or contactless. Furthermore, the current output voltage is read into the control unit 3 via a connection 17. The setpoint value and the output voltage UN are thus present as an actual value in the control unit 3, so that the output voltage UN can be regulated to the setpoint value in the control unit 3. The setpoint can be constant over time or variable over time.

Die Bestimmung der Ausgangsspannung erfolgt im vorliegenden Fall nicht durch eine Messung Phase gegen Phase, sondern Phase gegen Nullpotential. Generell ist natürlich auch eine Messung Phase gegen Phase möglich. Die entsprechende Referenz 18a des Nullleiters 18 für die Netzspannung, die Referenz 18b des Nullleiters 18 für die Regelspannung, sowie der Nullleiter 18 selbst, sind schematisch in Figur 1 dargestellt.In the present case, the output voltage is not determined by a phase versus phase measurement, but phase versus zero potential. In general, a phase-to-phase measurement is of course also possible. The corresponding reference 18a of the neutral conductor 18 for the mains voltage, the reference 18b of the neutral conductor 18 for the control voltage, and the neutral conductor 18 itself are shown schematically in FIG Figure 1 shown.

Mit der Vorrichtung 1 gemäß Figur 1 beziehungsweise Figur 2 kann eine einphasige Netzspannung geregelt werden. Für eine Regelung einer mehrphasigen Netzspannung wird für die Regelung jeder Phase der Netzspannung eine separate Vorrichtung 1 benötigt. Figur 3 zeigt die Anordnung für die Regelung einer dreiphasigen Netzspannung. Hier werden drei identische Vorrichtungen 1 gemäß den Figuren 1 beziehungsweise 2 eingesetzt, welche die Abhängigkeit der jeweiligen Eingangsspannungen UN.1, UN.2, UN.3 für die jeweilige Phase die Ausgangsspannung UR.1, UR.2, UR.3 generieren.With the device 1 according to Figure 1 respectively Figure 2 a single-phase mains voltage can be regulated. For regulating a multiphase line voltage, a separate device 1 is required for regulating each phase of the line voltage. Figure 3 shows the arrangement for regulating a three-phase mains voltage. Here are three identical devices 1 according to the Figures 1 or 2 are used, which generate the dependency of the respective input voltages UN.1, UN.2, UN.3 for the respective phase, the output voltage UR.1, UR.2, UR.3.

Mit der Vorrichtung 1 gemäß den Figuren 1 beziehungsweise 2 kann eine Spannungseinstellung nur derart erfolgen, dass die Ausgangsspannung UR gegenüber der Eingangsspannung UN reduziert, nicht jedoch erhöht wird. Um eine Spannungserhöhung zu bewirken, kann der Vorrichtung 1 der Figur 1 beziehungsweise 2 ein Vorschalttransformator 19 vorgeordnet sein (Figur 4). Der Vorschalttransformator 19 wandelt die Netzspannung UN in eine höhere Spannung UT, die dann der Vorrichtung 1 als Eingangsspannung zur Verfügung gestellt wird.With the device 1 according to the Figures 1 or 2, a voltage setting can only take place in such a way that the output voltage UR is reduced compared to the input voltage UN, but not increased. In order to cause an increase in voltage, the device 1 can Figure 1 or 2, a series transformer 19 can be arranged upstream ( Figure 4 ). The series transformer 19 converts the mains voltage UN into a higher voltage UT, which is then made available to the device 1 as an input voltage.

Figur 5 zeigt schematisch ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1. Diese Vorrichtung 1 umfasst zwei in Reihe geschaltete elektromagnetische Vorrichtungen 2a, 2b. Figure 5 shows schematically a further embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention. This device 1 comprises two electromagnetic devices 2a, 2b connected in series.

Die erste elektromagnetische Vorrichtung 2a weist einen der Vorrichtung 1 der Figur 1 entsprechenden Magnetkern 4 auf, das heißt der in Figur 5 nicht gesondert dargestellte Magnetkern 4 weist einen zentralen Abschnitt und zwei seitlich angeordnete, parallel zum zentralen Abschnitt verlaufende äußere Abschnitte auf. Der zentrale Abschnitt des Magnetkerns 4 bildet wieder einen Steuermagnetkern 5 aus, auf welchem nunmehr zwei Steuerspulen 20a, 20b vorgesehen sind. Die seitlichen Abschnitte bilden jeweils einen Leistungsmagnetkern 6a, 6b, wobei auf dem ersten Leistungsmagnetkern 6a zwei Leistungsspulen 21a, 21b und auch auf dem zweiten Leistungsmagnetkern 6b zwei Leistungsspulen 22a ,22b angeordnet sind.The first electromagnetic device 2a has one of the device 1 of Figure 1 corresponding magnetic core 4, that is, the one in Figure 5 Magnetic core 4, not shown separately, has a central section and two laterally arranged outer sections running parallel to the central section. The central section of the magnet core 4 again forms a control magnet core 5 on which two control coils 20a, 20b are now provided. The lateral sections each form a power magnetic core 6a, 6b, two power coils 21a, 21b being arranged on the first power magnetic core 6a and two power coils 22a, 22b also being arranged on the second power magnetic core 6b.

Von den Leistungsspulen 21a, 21b beziehungsweise 22a, 22b auf jedem Magnetkern 4 ist jeweils eine mit einer nicht vom Netz galvanisch getrennten Wicklung ausgeführt. Die Leistungsspulen 21a, 21b beziehungsweise 22a, 22b auf jedem Leistungsmagnetkern 6a, 6b sind im Gegentaktbetrieb betrieben, das heißt sie weisen gleiche Wicklungszahlen auf und sind mit entgegengesetzten Strömen durchflossen. Weiterhin sind die Spulenanordnungen an beiden Leistungsmagnetkernen 6a, 6b zueinander im Gegentaktbetrieb betrieben, so dass durch diese keine Spannungen in den Steuerspulen 20a, 20b generiert werden. Die Steuerspulen 20a, 20b müssen nicht identisch ausgebildet sein und müssen insbesondere nicht den gleichen Wicklungssinn haben.One of the power coils 21a, 21b or 22a, 22b on each magnetic core 4 is designed with a winding that is not galvanically separated from the mains. The power coils 21a, 21b or 22a, 22b on each power magnet core 6a, 6b are operated in push-pull operation, that is, they have the same number of windings and opposite currents flow through them. Furthermore, the coil arrangements on the two power magnetic cores 6a, 6b are operated in push-pull mode with respect to one another, so that they do not generate any voltages in the control coils 20a, 20b. The control coils 20a, 20b do not have to be of identical design and, in particular, do not have to have the same winding sense.

Die zweite elektromagnetische Vorrichtung 2b weist einen der ersten elektromagnetischen Vorrichtung 2a entsprechenden Aufbau auf. Demzufolge weist die elektromagnetische Vorrichtung 2b zwei Steuerspulen 23a, 23b auf einem Steuermagnetkern 5 auf, die den Steuerspulen 20a, 20b der ersten elektromagnetischen Vorrichtung 2a entsprechen. Weiterhin weist die elektromagnetische Vorrichtung 2b zwei Leistungsspulen 24a, 24b auf einem ersten Leistungsmagnetkern 6a auf, welche den Leistungsspulen 21a, 21b entsprechen. Schließlich weist die elektromagnetische Vorrichtung 2b zwei Leistungsspulen 25a, 25b auf einem zweiten Leistungsmagnetkern 6b auf, welche den Leistungsspulen 22a, 22b entsprechen. Dabei ist der Aufbau der beiden elektromagnetischen Vorrichtungen 2a, 2b völlig identisch, jedoch müssen die Steuerspulen 20a, 20b und die Leistungsspulen 21a, 21b, 22a, 22b der ersten elektromagnetischen Vorrichtung 2a hinsichtlich ihrer Wicklungen nicht identisch mit den Wicklungen der entsprechenden Steuerspulen 23a, 23b und Leistungsspulen 24a, 24b sowie 25a, 25b ausgebildet sein.The second electromagnetic device 2b has a structure corresponding to the first electromagnetic device 2a. Accordingly, the electromagnetic device 2b has two control coils 23a, 23b on a control magnet core 5, which correspond to the control coils 20a, 20b of the first electromagnetic device 2a. Furthermore, the electromagnetic device 2b has two power coils 24a, 24b on a first power magnetic core 6a, which correspond to the power coils 21a, 21b. Finally, the electromagnetic device 2b has two power coils 25a, 25b on a second power magnetic core 6b, which correspond to the power coils 22a, 22b. The structure of the two electromagnetic devices 2a, 2b is completely identical, but the control coils 20a, 20b and the power coils 21a, 21b, 22a, 22b of the first electromagnetic device 2a do not have to be identical in terms of their windings to the windings of the corresponding control coils 23a, 23b and power coils 24a, 24b and 25a, 25b may be formed.

Bei der Reihenanordnung der elektromagnetischen Vorrichtung 2a, 2b der Figur 5 wird die einzustellende Netzspannung als Eingangsspannung UN über eine Eingangsbeschaltung der ersten elektromagnetischen Vorrichtung 2a zugeführt. Die mit den beiden elektromagnetischen Vorrichtungen 2a, 2b eingestellte Ausgangsspannung UR steht am Ausgang der zweiten elektromagnetischen Vorrichtung 2b an.In the series arrangement of the electromagnetic device 2a, 2b in FIG. 5, the line voltage to be set is supplied as an input voltage UN via an input circuit to the first electromagnetic device 2a. The output voltage UR set with the two electromagnetic devices 2a, 2b is present at the output of the second electromagnetic device 2b.

Die beiden Paare der Steuerspulen 20a, 20b und 23a, 23b werden über eine oder zwei separate Einstelleinheiten angesteuert, wobei hierzu entsprechend der Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 1 die oder jede Einstelleinheit als Regeleinheit 3 ausgebildet ist.The two pairs of control coils 20a, 20b and 23a, 23b are controlled via one or two separate setting units, in accordance with the embodiment according to FIG Figure 1 the or each setting unit is designed as a control unit 3.

Mit der oder jeder Einstelleinheit werden die Steuerspulen 20a, 20b der ersten elektromagnetischen Vorrichtung 2a auf eine feste Gleichspannung eingestellt. Weiterhin werden die Steuerspulen 23a, 23b auf eine geregelte Gleichspannungen entsprechend des Regelungsvorgangs zur Erzeugung der Ausgangsspannung UR auf den vorgegebenen Sollwert eingestellt.With the or each setting unit, the control coils 20a, 20b of the first electromagnetic device 2a are set to a fixed DC voltage. Furthermore, the control coils 23a, 23b are set to a regulated DC voltage in accordance with the regulation process for generating the output voltage UR to the predetermined setpoint value.

Mit dieser Vorrichtung 1 kann eine Eingangsspannung UN nicht nur reduziert, sondern auch erhöht werden. Damit kann bei dieser Vorrichtung 1 ein Vorschalttransformator 19 entfallen.With this device 1, an input voltage UN can not only be reduced but also increased. A series transformer 19 can thus be dispensed with in this device 1.

Die Vorrichtung 1 gemäß Figur 5 dient zur Spannungseinstellung einer einphasigen Netzspannung oder einer Phase einer mehrphasigen Netzspannung. Dies bedeutet, dass zur Einstellung aller Phasen einer Netzspannung für jede Phase eine Vorrichtung 1 gemäß Figur 5 benötigt wird.The device 1 according to Figure 5 is used to set the voltage of a single-phase mains voltage or one phase of a multi-phase mains voltage. This means that a device 1 according to FIG Figure 5 is needed.

BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols

(1)(1)
Vorrichtungcontraption
(2)(2)
elektromagnetische Vorrichtungelectromagnetic device
(2a, 2b)(2a, 2b)
elektromagnetische Vorrichtungelectromagnetic device
(3)(3)
RegeleinheitControl unit
(4)(4)
MagnetkernMagnetic core
(5)(5)
SteuermagnetkernControl magnet core
(6a, 6b)(6a, 6b)
LeistungsmagnetkernPower magnetic core
(7)(7)
SteuerspuleControl coil
(8a)(8a)
MasseanschlussGround connection
(8b)(8b)
SpannungsanschlussVoltage connection
(9)(9)
Anschlussconnection
(10a, 10b)(10a, 10b)
LeistungsspulePower coil
(11)(11)
SpannungseingangVoltage input
(12)(12)
SpannungsausgangVoltage output
(13)(13)
Verbraucherconsumer
(14)(14)
LeitungsbrückeLine bridge
(15)(15)
Einheitunit
(16)(16)
Schnittstelleinterface
(18)(18)
NullleiterNeutral conductor
(18a 18b)(18a 18b)
Referenzreference
(19)(19)
VorschalttransformatorBallast transformer
(20a, 20b)(20a, 20b)
SteuerspuleControl coil
(21a, 21b)(21a, 21b)
LeistungsspulePower coil
(22a, 22b)(22a, 22b)
LeistungsspulePower coil
(23a, 23b)(23a, 23b)
SteuerspuleControl coil
(24a, 24b)(24a, 24b)
LeistungsspulePower coil
(25a, 25b)(25a, 25b)
LeistungsspulePower coil
(US)(US)
SteuerspannungControl voltage
(UN)(U.N)
EingangsspannungInput voltage
(UR)(UR)
AusgangsspannungOutput voltage

Claims (12)

  1. Device (1) for adjusting a voltage, with at least one electromagnetic device (2), comprising at least one first power coil (10a) on a first power magnet core (6a), wherein an input voltage (UN) is applied to the first power coil (10a), at least one second power coil (10b) on a second power magnet core (6b), wherein the second power coil (10b) is led to a voltage output (12) at which an output voltage (UR) is present, wherein the first and second power coils are connected by way of a conductor bridge (14), and at least one control coil (7) on a control magnet core (5), wherein the two power magnet cores (6a, 6b) and the control magnet core (5) are a component of a closed magnet core (4) having three parallelly extending arms, wherein the centre arm forms the control magnet core (5) and the outer arms form the power magnet cores (6a, 6b), wherein the power coils (10a, 10b) are so constructed that no voltage at the control coil (7) is generated by these, wherein at least one adjusting unit connected with the control coil (7) is provided, wherein the adjusting unit is configured so that a control current, by means of which the control magnet core (5) is bought wholly or partly to saturation, for the control coil (7) is generated in dependence on a target value for the output voltage (UR), whereby adjustment of the output voltage (UR) is carried out in such a way that a mains voltage of a current mains does not exceed a permissible limit value, characterised in that the adjusting unit is a regulating unit (3) which is designed in such a way that the output voltage (UR) is regulated to a target value, wherein the regulating unit (3) has an interface (16) for reading-in of the target value and a connection (17) for reading-in of the output voltage as actual value.
  2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that it is configured for adjusting a mains voltage.
  3. Device according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the two power coils (10a, 10b) are operated in a push-pull circuit.
  4. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that a transformer (19), by means of which the input voltage is increased, is serially connected upstream of the electromagnetic device (2).
  5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that an electromagnetic device (2) with an associated adjusting unit is provided for each phase of an input voltage.
  6. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that two serially connected electromagnetic devices (2a, 2b) are provided, wherein control coils (7), which are connected with adjusting means, for adjusting the output voltage (UR) are provided in the first and/or second electromagnetic device (2a, 2b), and wherein the output voltages (UR) are output at the second electromagnetic device (2b).
  7. Device according to claim 6, characterised in that each electromagnetic device (2a, 2b) comprises two pairs of power coils (21a, 21b, 22a, 22b or 24a, 24b, 25a, 25b) and a pair of control coils (20a, 20b or 23a, 23b).
  8. Device according to claim 7, characterised in that the power coils (21a, 21b, 22a, 22b or 24a, 24b, 25a, 25b) of each pair are operated in push-pull operation.
  9. Device according to one of claims 7 and 8, characterised in that a constant voltage is predetermined by means of the control coil (7) of the first electromagnetic device (2a) and that an adjustable voltage is generated by the control coils (7) of the second electromagnetic device (2b).
  10. Method of adjusting a voltage, with at least one electromagnetic device (2a), comprising at least one first power coil (10a) on a first power magnet core (6a), wherein an input voltage (UN) is applied to the first power coil (10a), at least one second power coil (10b) on a second power magnet core (6b), wherein the second power coil (10b) is led to a voltage output (12) at which an output voltage (UR) is present, wherein the first and second power coils are connected by way of a conductor bridge (14), and at least one control coil (7) on a control magnet core (5), wherein the two power magnet cores (6a, 6b) and the control magnet core (5) are a component of a closed magnet core (4) having three parallelly extending arms, wherein the middle arm forms the control magnet core (5) and the outer arms form the power magnet cores (6a, 6b), whereby the power coils (10a, 10b) are so constructed that no voltage is generated at the control coil (7) by these, wherein at least one adjusting unit connected with the control coil (7) is provided, wherein a control current, by means of which the control magnet core (5) is brought wholly or partly to saturation, for the control coil (7) is generated in the adjusting unit in dependence on a target value for the output voltage (UR), whereby adjustment of the output voltage (UR) is carried out in such a way that a mains voltage of a power mains does not exceed a permissible limit value, characterised in that the adjusting unit is a regulating unit (3) in which the output voltage (UR) is regulated to a target value, wherein the target value and the actual value for the output voltage are read into the regulating unit (3).
  11. Method according to claim 10, characterised in that only lowering of the output voltage (UR) relative to the input voltage (UN) is produced by the adjusting unit.
  12. Method according to claim 11, characterised in that two serially connected electromagnetic devices (2a, 2b) are provided, wherein the input voltage (UN) is applied to the power coils (21a, 21b, 22a, 22b) of the first electromagnetic device (2a), wherein control coils (7), which are connected with adjusting means, for adjusting the output voltage (UR) are provided in the first and/or second electromagnetic device (2b), wherein the output voltage (UR) is increased or reduced relative to the input voltage (UN) by the adjusting means and wherein the output voltage (UR) is output at the second electromagnetic device (2b).
EP15190513.0A 2014-11-18 2015-10-20 Device for adjusting a voltage with at least one electromagnetic device Active EP3024003B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014116846.1A DE102014116846A1 (en) 2014-11-18 2014-11-18 Electromagnetic mains voltage regulation and Smart Grid application

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EP3024003A2 EP3024003A2 (en) 2016-05-25
EP3024003A3 EP3024003A3 (en) 2016-06-15
EP3024003B1 true EP3024003B1 (en) 2021-04-07

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DE (1) DE102014116846A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US20210407731A1 (en) * 2018-11-26 2021-12-30 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Magnetically controllable choke coil having central connection

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3466531A (en) * 1968-05-27 1969-09-09 Chu Quon Chin Magnetic voltage control apparatus

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE610832C (en) * 1932-05-15 1935-03-18 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges Arrangement for keeping the voltage constant in alternating current circuits
US2287754A (en) * 1938-11-30 1942-06-23 Siemens App Und Maschinen Gmbh Power amplifier
BE503590A (en) * 1946-09-30
US2885627A (en) * 1954-06-10 1959-05-05 Varo Mfg Co Inc Voltage regulating device
NO319424B1 (en) 2001-11-21 2005-08-08 Magtech As Method for Controllable Conversion of a Primary AC / Voltage to a Secondary AC / Voltage

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3466531A (en) * 1968-05-27 1969-09-09 Chu Quon Chin Magnetic voltage control apparatus

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EP3024003A2 (en) 2016-05-25
DE102014116846A1 (en) 2016-05-19

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