EP3019808B1 - Echangeur de chaleur - Google Patents

Echangeur de chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3019808B1
EP3019808B1 EP14739724.4A EP14739724A EP3019808B1 EP 3019808 B1 EP3019808 B1 EP 3019808B1 EP 14739724 A EP14739724 A EP 14739724A EP 3019808 B1 EP3019808 B1 EP 3019808B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubes
fluid
heat exchanger
outlet
inlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14739724.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3019808A1 (fr
Inventor
José Antonio DE LA FUENTE ROMERO
Yolanda Bravo
Anne-Sylvie Magnier-Cathenod
Carlos Martins
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
Original Assignee
Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP3019808A1 publication Critical patent/EP3019808A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3019808B1 publication Critical patent/EP3019808B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0006—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the plate-like or laminated conduits being enclosed within a pressure vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0219—Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
    • F28F9/0221—Header boxes or end plates formed by stacked elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/29—Constructional details of the coolers, e.g. pipes, plates, ribs, insulation or materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D9/0037—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the conduits for the other heat-exchange medium also being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0246—Arrangements for connecting header boxes with flow lines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat exchanger, such as a heat exchanger for a motor vehicle.
  • the heat exchanger according to the present invention is particularly suitable for use in the engine exhaust pipes.
  • This type of heat exchanger is usually called Exhaust Gas Recirculation Cooler (EGR) or EGRC.
  • a heat exchanger of the type used in the automotive industry, and more specifically inside the exhaust ducts of an internal combustion engine, comprises in principle a housing or casing comprising, in its inside, heat exchange elements allowing heat exchange from a first fluid to a second fluid.
  • These elements, allowing this heat exchange can, for example, include tubes.
  • These tubes located inside a heat exchanger may be present within an exchange beam comprising a plurality of tubes arranged substantially parallel to each other.
  • the tubes may be positioned in a row or several rows parallel to each other.
  • the tubes make it possible to guide the first fluid inside said tubes, from a first end of the exchange bundle to the second end of the exchange bundle.
  • the tubes considered together define between them channels which guide the second fluid of the second end of the heat exchanger to the first end of the heat exchanger.
  • a heat exchanger allows in particular the circulation, against the current, of a first and a second fluid within this heat exchanger.
  • Heat exchangers comprising a casing for receiving, in its interior, exchange beams are known from the prior art.
  • the housing is in the form of a housing comprising a plurality of walls forming the outside of the housing and defining the volume in which the heat exchange takes place.
  • the housing is, in principle, provided with inlets and outlets for the first and second fluid at a first and a second end of the housing. These inputs and outputs thus allow the heat exchanger to be connected respectively to inlet ducts and outlet ducts adapted to conduct the first and second fluids in the direction of the heat exchanger and this, by means of the inlet pipes, to a final destination and this, by means of the outlet pipes, when said first and second fluids have passed through the heat exchanger.
  • Such an exchanger is known, for example, from the document DE 103 12 788 .
  • the heat exchanger comprises a plurality of tubes obtained by means of plates stacked on top of one another inside a housing in order to obtain tubes making it possible to guide a first fluid, for a first time. input for this first fluid, to an outlet for this first fluid.
  • the different tubes define between them channels for guiding a second fluid, an inlet for this second fluid, to an outlet for this second fluid.
  • the heat exchanger according to the German patent application DE 199 27 607 is adapted to guide the first fluid in the longitudinal direction of a housing, from a first end of the housing to a second end of the housing.
  • the inlet and outlet for the second fluid are positioned in the side walls of the housing to allow entry and exit of said second fluid in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the first fluid.
  • the heat exchanger according to the German patent application DE 199 27 607 has a first disadvantage that the different fluid inlet and outlet connections are located on four different walls of the housing forming the outside of the heat exchanger.
  • the inlet and the outlet intended for the first fluid are present on the ends of the casing, in the longitudinal direction of the casing.
  • the inlet and outlet for the second fluid are present on the side walls of the housing.
  • the arrangement of these fluid inlets and outlets limits the possibilities of adaptation to install the heat exchanger within an available space.
  • the manufacture of the heat exchanger according to the patent application DE 199 27 607 limits the heat exchange between the first and the second fluid, at a part of the length of said heat exchanger, that is to say between the inlet and the outlet for the second fluid. In other words, a heat exchange between the first and the second fluid is impossible on part of the path of the first fluid. For this reason, a heat exchange with the device according to the German patent application DE 199 27 607 is not optimal with respect to the external dimensions of the heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger according to the present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of heat exchangers known from the state of the art, by proposing a new design for the formation of an exchange beam to improve the compactness of said heat exchanger.
  • the inlets and outlets for the first and second fluid are located at opposite ends of the housing. This grouping of inputs and outputs increases the possibilities of adaptation and optimally integrates the entire heat exchanger into an available space.
  • the secondary surface makes it possible to connect the second end of the tubes to the outlet creating a space for the entry of the first fluid, has the advantage of being able to effect the heat exchange between the first and the second fluid throughout the flow of fluids, that is to say, their entry to their respective output. For this reason, the efficiency of the heat exchanger is increased with respect to its external dimensions.
  • the heat exchanger according to the present invention comprises a sealing element for wrapping the tubes at each end.
  • the heat exchanger according to the present invention comprises a connecting element for connecting at least one end of the tubes to an inlet or an outlet with the aid of said connecting element.
  • the tubes are positioned relative to one another so as to create channels between them and in which said channels comprise disrupters.
  • the exchange beam is obtained by means of a plurality of plates positioned one on the other, the ends of said plates being provided with a rim making it possible to increase the surface area between the plate and inside the housing.
  • the figure 1 represents, in an exploded perspective view, a first embodiment of a heat exchanger 10 according to the present invention.
  • the heat exchanger 10 comprises a first element 11 and a second element 12 allowing, in combination, to form the outside of the heat exchanger 10.
  • the elements 11 and 12 combined form a housing or "housing" 11, 12 may contain elements for optimizing the heat exchange between a first and a second fluid.
  • the second element 12 comprises the different inputs and outputs of the first and second fluid.
  • the inlet 21, present in the second element 12, constitutes the inlet intended for the first fluid.
  • the outlet 22 constitutes the outlet intended for the first fluid.
  • the inlet 31 is intended for the second fluid.
  • the output 32 is for the second fluid.
  • the heat exchanger 10 When using the heat exchanger 10, the first fluid enters through the inlet 21 inside said heat exchanger 10. Simultaneously, the second fluid enters the inside of the heat exchanger 10 via the inlet 31.
  • the heat exchanger 10 comprises an exchange beam 13 comprising a stack of plates 17 forming, in combination, tubes and defined channels. between said tubes.
  • the exchange beam 13 is shown in more detail in the figures 3 and 4 .
  • the exchange bundle 13 comprises a stack of plates 17 in which an assembly consisting of two plates, forms inside a tube for guiding the first fluid from its inlet 21 to its outlet 22. are defined between the different tubes and allow the second fluid to flow from its inlet 31 to its outlet 32.
  • the dimensions “L”, “l” and “h” are indicated on the figure 1 .
  • the letter “L” is used to refer to the largest dimension of the heat exchanger 10 and corresponds to the direction in which the first and the second fluid flows.
  • the letter “l” is used to indicate the width of the heat exchanger 10 and the letter “h” is used to indicate the height of the heat exchanger 10.
  • the stack of plates 17 makes it possible to obtain the exchange bundle 13 and is in the arrangement shown in FIG. figure 4 .
  • the plates 17 each have an inner face, adapted to form the inner wall of a tube and adapted to be exposed to the first fluid, and an opposite or external face. This external face is in contact with the second fluid when using the plates 17.
  • each plate 17 is provided in its longitudinal length with a curved element.
  • This curved element is adapted to increase the contact area between the end of the plates 17 (seen in a longitudinal direction) and the inside of the walls of the first element 11 shown on the figure 1 .
  • This surface increase facilitates the soldering process for assembling the different elements of the heat exchanger 10 against each other and to ensure optimal contact to prevent possible leakage of fluids during use of the heat exchanger 10.
  • the various plates 17 are positioned in such a way that the inner face of the first plate 17 is directed towards the inner face of the second plate 17, said second plate 17 being positioned with its outer face facing the inner face of the third plate 17, and so on according to the number of plates considered.
  • the various plates 17 have dimensions corresponding to the dimensions inside the housing 11, 12 of said heat exchanger 10.
  • the width "l" of the plates 17, as shown in FIG. figure 4 corresponds to the internal width of the casing 11, 12, as shown on the figure 1 .
  • the shape of the tubes of the exchange bundle is modified at the ends of the tubes and has a narrowing.
  • the exchange beam has at its ends a connection surface in which the outputs of the different tubes are assembled. As shown on the figure 3 this connecting surface is adapted to be connected by means of a connecting element 14 to the outlet 32 intended for the second fluid.
  • the figure 1 discloses a sealing member 16 adapted to wrap the ends of the plates 17 together forming the exchange beam 13. This sealing member 16 allows said plates 17 to be held together to avoid possible leakage from the inside of the tubes to the channels located outside the tubes and vice versa.
  • the connecting element 14 is adapted to connect the connection surface of the different tubes to the outlet 22.
  • a connecting element 15 is provided on the opposite side of the exchange beam in order to connect the inlet 21 intended for the first fluid. at a connecting surface at the opposite end of said exchange beam 13.
  • the operation of the heat exchanger according to the invention is based on the fact that the shapes of the plates 17 change between their first end 91 and their second end 92, as shown in FIG. figure 4 .
  • the plates At the ends 91 and 92, the plates have a shape making it possible to compose, once combined, a tube of a relatively small length "L" in order to allow the tubes to have a larger width.
  • the surface of the section at the end of the tubes is indicated by the term "secondary surface”.
  • the plates 17 are adapted to form a tube of a length "L" relatively large and a width "l" less important.
  • the cross-sectional area of the center of the tubes in a central area of the exchange bundle is indicated by the term "main surface”.
  • the plate 17 From the end 91 towards the central part, the plate 17 comprises a transformation zone. From the central portion 93 towards the end 92, each plate 17 includes a second transformation zone indicated by reference numeral 95.
  • the figure 5 shows, in section, a portion of the exchange beam 13.
  • the inside of the tubes is indicated using the reference "A”.
  • the different tubes are separated by means of channels referenced “B".
  • the inside of the tubes “A” is adapted to guide the first fluid and the channels “B” are adapted to guide the second fluid, against the current.
  • the figure 5 shows that in the center of the exchange beam 13, the different fluids are well separated and heat exchange, via the different walls, is possible.
  • the exchange beam 13 is represented on the figure 6 , front and schematic. According to figure 6 , thanks to the different transformation zones 94 and 95, the volume of the assembly formed by the tubes and the channels is distributed specifically to the ends of the plates 17. This distribution of the volume differs from the distribution of the volume of the tubes and the tubes. channels outside the ends of the exchange beam.
  • the different surfaces "A” form, at their ends, the secondary surface which, via a connecting element 14, 15, can be connected to the inlet / outlet intended for the first fluid.
  • the free space around the surface "A” allows the entry of the different channels "B” and can be connected to the inlet / outlet for the second fluid.
  • the second fluid can enter the housing within the space surrounding the connecting element 14 and the narrowing of the tubes.
  • the first fluid is then guided inside the "B" channels defined by the outside of the set of tubes "A” forming together the exchange bundle 13.
  • the second fluid is guided between the different tubes in the direction of the space surrounding the narrowing and the connecting member 15 of the tubes towards the outlet 32.
  • the figure 1 shows that the shape of the exchange bundle and the presence of a narrowing of the tubes at their ends, thanks to the transformation zones 94 and 95 of the plates 17, provide a free space inside the housing, formed in the 11 and 12, and outside this narrowing and the connecting member 14.
  • This space created inside the housing allows the connection of the inlet 31 for the second fluid.
  • the second fluid, directed via the inlet 31 in the direction of the exchange beam 13, can therefore flow outside the connecting element 14 and outside the narrowing of the tubes.
  • a heat exchange can occur between the first and the second fluid, through the walls of the connecting element 14 and directly after the introduction of the second fluid to the first fluid.
  • Inside the heat exchanger 10. The same arrangement of the elements present at the opposite end of the exchange beam 13 allows an optimal heat exchange between the two fluids and this to the outlet 32 for the second fluid.
  • the different elements as shown on the figure 1 are assembled by a brazing process as known in the prior art.
  • said elements are preassembled in a position identical to their position in the housing 11, 12 and introduced into a furnace.
  • Aluminum and stainless steel are particularly suitable materials for forming the heat exchanger 10 according to the invention by the soldering method.
  • the figure 2 represents a perspective view of the heat exchanger 10 according to the figure 1 in an assembled position.
  • the figure 2 shows that the heat exchanger 10 according to the invention is relatively compact.
  • the various inputs and outputs 21 (not visible), 22, 31 and 32 are grouped to optimize the final installation of the heat exchanger 10 within a motor vehicle for example.
  • the figure 3 shows in detail the exchange beam 13.
  • the plates 17 are stacked together to form, inside, tubes for guiding the first fluid, a first end 131 to a second end 132 of the tubes and to define, between the different tubes, channels for guiding the second fluid.
  • Disruptors 18 may be present between the different plates 17. Said disrupters 18 are intended to improve the heat exchange between the first and the second fluid during the use of the heat exchanger 10.
  • the figure 7 shows a second embodiment of the heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • the figure 7 shows a heat exchanger 40 whose structure is similar to that of the heat exchanger 10 according to the figure 1 Only the plates forming the exchange beam 43 are positioned differently from those of the heat exchanger 10. In fact, the plates are positioned vertically with respect to the length "L" of the heat exchanger. heat 40.
  • the heat exchanger 40 comprises a first element 41 and a second element 42 constituting in combination a housing or housing 41, 42 to form the outside of said heat exchanger 40.
  • the housing 41, 42 is adapted to contain a beam of exchange 43.
  • This exchange beam 43 comprises a stack of plates 27 shown on the figures 8 and 9 .
  • the various plates 27, combined together, form tubes for guiding, in their interior, a first fluid from a first end to a second end of the exchange beam 43.
  • the different tubes together define channels for guiding the second fluid outside the tubes, from the second end to the first end of the exchange beam 43.
  • the ends of the various tubes have a narrowing in which said ends are grouped to form a connection surface, said connecting surface being adapted to be connected, by means of a connection, to a respective input / output for the first fluid.
  • the narrowed ends are clearly visible on the figures 8 and 9 .
  • an inlet 51 (partially visible) and an outlet 52, intended for the first fluid, are present in the second element 42.
  • the inlet 51 is adapted to be connected to the connecting element 45 and to guide the first fluid, from its inlet 51 towards the inside of the tubes of the exchange bundle 43, with the aid of this element 45.
  • the outlet 52 is adapted to be connected to the connection element 44 and to guide, from the outputs of the different tubes and the connecting element 44, the first fluid towards its outlet 52.
  • the second element 42 comprises an inlet 61 and an outlet 62 (visible in part) for allowing a second fluid to enter the interior of the housing. Thanks to the narrowing present at the second end of the exchange beam 43, the second fluid can be guided outside the connecting element 44 and outside the ends of the tubes to continue its journey inside. channels defined by the different tubes. The second fluid can be guided towards the open space around the second end of the tubes and the outside of the connecting element 45 to exit the heat exchanger 40 by means of the outlet 62.
  • the heat exchanger 40 comprises sealing elements 46 making it possible to hold the ends of the different tubes together and to improve the sealing of said tubes, thus avoiding possible leakage of fluids.
  • the figure 8 shows the connection of the ends of the tubes 66 to a first connecting element 44 and to a second connecting element 45.
  • the figure 8 is a detailed view of the exchange beam 43.
  • the exchange beam comprises tubes 66, each formed by the stack of two plates comparable to the plates shown in FIG. figure 4 .
  • Disturbants 68 are visible between the different tubes 66, which disruptors facilitate the exchange between the first fluid inside the tubes 66 and the second fluid outside the tubes 66.
  • the end of the different tubes 66 is shown more in detail on the figure 7 .
  • the figure 7 shows that the different ends of the tubes together form a secondary surface. This secondary surface is adapted for connection to the connecting element 44 as shown in FIG. figure 7 .
  • the different ends of the tubes 66 are wrapped with a sealing element 46.
  • the figure 9 shows the secondary surface obtained by the connection of the different ends of the tubes.
  • the different elements of the heat exchanger 40 as represented on the figures 7 , 8 and 9 can be assembled by a brazing process. In order to carry out this brazing process, different elements are assembled in their respective respective positions and introduced into an oven.
  • the figure 10 shows a heat exchanger according to a third embodiment 70 of the invention, shown in an exploded perspective view.
  • the heat exchanger 70 includes a first member 71 and a second member 72 together forming a housing.
  • An exchange beam 73 is present inside said housing.
  • the use of the heat exchanger heat 70 according to the figures 10 and 11 is similar to the use of heat exchangers 10 and 40 as described above.
  • a difference between the heat exchanger 70 and the heat exchangers 10 and 40 lies in the fact that the various tubes are, after their shrinkage and with their assembled surface, directly connected to an inlet / outlet present outside the housing. .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP14739724.4A 2013-07-12 2014-07-04 Echangeur de chaleur Active EP3019808B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1356894A FR3008485B1 (fr) 2013-07-12 2013-07-12 Echangeur de chaleur
PCT/EP2014/064374 WO2015004032A1 (fr) 2013-07-12 2014-07-04 Echangeur de chaleur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3019808A1 EP3019808A1 (fr) 2016-05-18
EP3019808B1 true EP3019808B1 (fr) 2017-08-23

Family

ID=49322594

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14739724.4A Active EP3019808B1 (fr) 2013-07-12 2014-07-04 Echangeur de chaleur

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20160327344A1 (ja)
EP (1) EP3019808B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP6355730B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR101814027B1 (ja)
CN (1) CN105473975B (ja)
FR (1) FR3008485B1 (ja)
WO (1) WO2015004032A1 (ja)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102166999B1 (ko) * 2015-10-26 2020-10-16 한온시스템 주식회사 배기가스 쿨러
CN107687726B (zh) * 2016-08-03 2020-10-27 杭州三花研究院有限公司 热交换装置
JP2017125633A (ja) * 2016-01-12 2017-07-20 住友精密工業株式会社 熱交換器
KR101857044B1 (ko) * 2016-04-06 2018-05-15 주식회사 코렌스 이지알 쿨러용 가스튜브
KR101887750B1 (ko) * 2016-07-22 2018-08-13 현대자동차주식회사 차량의 egr쿨러

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JP2010048536A (ja) * 2008-08-25 2010-03-04 Denso Corp 熱交換器
JP5321271B2 (ja) * 2009-06-17 2013-10-23 株式会社デンソー 高温ガス冷却用熱交換器
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN105473975B (zh) 2017-11-14
JP2016524119A (ja) 2016-08-12
CN105473975A (zh) 2016-04-06
JP6355730B2 (ja) 2018-07-11
FR3008485B1 (fr) 2015-08-21
KR101814027B1 (ko) 2018-01-02
FR3008485A1 (fr) 2015-01-16
EP3019808A1 (fr) 2016-05-18
WO2015004032A1 (fr) 2015-01-15
KR20160032097A (ko) 2016-03-23
US20160327344A1 (en) 2016-11-10

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