EP3019276B1 - Agitator ball mill with axial channels - Google Patents
Agitator ball mill with axial channels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3019276B1 EP3019276B1 EP14752251.0A EP14752251A EP3019276B1 EP 3019276 B1 EP3019276 B1 EP 3019276B1 EP 14752251 A EP14752251 A EP 14752251A EP 3019276 B1 EP3019276 B1 EP 3019276B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- grinding
- agitator
- agitator shaft
- ball mill
- auxiliary
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
- B02C17/16—Mills in which a fixed container houses stirring means tumbling the charge
- B02C17/161—Arrangements for separating milling media and ground material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
- B02C17/16—Mills in which a fixed container houses stirring means tumbling the charge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
- B02C17/16—Mills in which a fixed container houses stirring means tumbling the charge
- B02C17/163—Stirring means
Definitions
- the invention relates to an agitator ball mill with a grinding container according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention also relates to a method for grinding with an agitator ball mill according to the preamble of claim 9.
- Agitator ball mills are used to comminute and homogenize solid particles, with auxiliary grinding bodies being intensively moved by means of a stirring shaft.
- the solid particles are crushed by impact, pressure, shear and friction.
- agitator ball mills can be distinguished with regard to a horizontal or vertical alignment of the grinding chamber.
- the auxiliary grinding bodies are activated by the agitator shaft, which can be equipped with agitators such as rods or discs.
- the grinding chamber is usually filled to seventy to ninety percent with auxiliary grinding bodies in the size range from 0.03 to 9 mm in diameter.
- the product to be ground flows continuously from a product inlet axially through the grinding chamber to a product outlet.
- the auxiliary grinding bodies are then separated from the product flow by means of a separation system.
- the throughput and the size of the grinding media are limited in closed agitator ball mills by a separating device.
- the auxiliary grinding bodies should be securely retained in the grinding container and must not lead to grinding body compression or clogging even at high throughputs.
- the separation devices can be designed in a known manner as gap systems, centrifugal systems or as external separation systems.
- Known gap systems are, for example, sieve cartridges or gap tubes, which can be arranged at different points in the grinding chamber.
- Centrifugal systems are also known from the prior art as dynamic separating devices in which the auxiliary grinding bodies are accelerated radially, as a result of which they are transported back into the grinding container due to the acting centrifugal force.
- Such dynamic separation devices can, for example be formed by a cage rotating around a screen. They are used in particular with high throughput rates and when using very small grinding media.
- Another agitator ball mill known from the prior art with a grinding media separation system includes a separating sieve with the aid of which the auxiliary grinding bodies are to be held in the grinding chamber.
- the grinding media separation system is formed for this purpose from a rectangular, box-shaped sieve frame, a lower curved separating sieve with a rectangular shape and a grinding media collecting sieve located at a distance above.
- the actual separation of the grinding media is realized by the rectangular separating sieve, which is fastened by means of holding elements on two opposite sides to the sieve frame, which is inserted into the grinding container with the two sieves as a closed structural unit.
- EP 1 468 739 A1 discloses, in which the separating device is arranged in front of a material outlet and is formed from a separating element and a drive element driving this.
- the separating element has two circular disks arranged coaxially to the chamber axis, between which several conveying or vane elements are arranged, symmetrically distributed around the center of the disk and leading inwards from the edge of the disk, which create a counter pressure on the material-grinding media mixture when the agitator ball mill is in operation generate, so that due to the centrifugal force and the different specific density, the auxiliary grinding bodies are separated from the product and transported back into the interior.
- the separating devices for agitator ball mills known from the prior art can prevent auxiliary grinding bodies from entering the product outlet, but practice has shown that there is an increased concentration of auxiliary grinding bodies in the area of the separating device.
- the actual grinding process does not take place in this area, but in the grinding chamber in an area in front of the separating device.
- the low concentration of auxiliary grinding bodies in the particularly effective grinding area causes a reduced grinding performance, which can lead to unsatisfactory grinding results.
- an agitator ball mill with a dynamic separating device is known, the separating device not only having radial openings but also axial openings through which a mixture of ground material and auxiliary grinding bodies can flow into a separating chamber of the separating device.
- the grinding disks of the agitator are provided with axial through openings in their outer edge areas.
- Agitator ball mills with a very similar structure are also from the U.S. Patents 5,797,550 and 5 333 804 known.
- agitator ball mill with a dynamic separation device is in the DE 10 2007 043 670 A1 disclosed.
- the separating device is arranged within the agitator shaft of the agitator ball mill, the agitating shaft having radial openings which extend axially over the area in which the separating device is arranged.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a device of the type mentioned at the beginning which enables an improved distribution of the auxiliary grinding bodies in the grinding chamber.
- an agitator ball mill which has the features specified in patent claim 1.
- the agitator shaft is provided with at least one recess which enlarges the dynamic separating device, which extends in the axial direction into the grinding chamber and is designed as described.
- the invention is based on the idea that for a uniform distribution of the auxiliary grinding bodies in the grinding chamber, the separating device and the agitator shaft can bring about the return of the auxiliary grinding bodies into the grinding chamber by means of a suitable design and coupling.
- the return of the auxiliary grinding bodies should in particular be able to take place as far as possible without an expensive redesign of the grinding container or by diverting the auxiliary grinding bodies outside the grinding container.
- the dynamic separating device is coupled to the agitator shaft in such a way that at least one recess of the separating device is axially widened such that the widened recess extends into the grinding chamber in an axial direction in a region of the agitating shaft.
- recesses are made in the agitator shaft, which are connected to the recesses in the separating device and expand them.
- some of the auxiliary grinding bodies can be conveyed back into the grinding chamber through the recess in the agitator shaft.
- the area of the recesses of the separating device is preferably smaller in the axial direction than the area with the widening recess.
- the auxiliary grinding bodies are conveyed further into the grinding chamber in the axial direction through a thus shortened separation area or an extended area outside this separation area, so that the dwell time of the auxiliary grinding bodies in the grinding chamber is effectively increased.
- the widening recess preferably runs axially parallel to the axis of rotation of the agitator shaft. It is particularly advantageous that the manufacturing outlay for making such a recess in the agitator shaft is comparatively low.
- the widening recess extends at least partially in the axial direction in a helical or helical manner around the axis of rotation of the agitator shaft.
- the flow velocity and thus also an exit location or re-entry location of the auxiliary grinding bodies into the grinding chamber can be positively influenced.
- the helical recess runs counter to the direction of rotation of the agitator shaft, the flow speed increases in the axial direction towards the product inlet, whereby the re-entry point of the auxiliary grinding bodies can be shifted to a front area of the grinding chamber near the product inlet.
- the widening recess extends essentially over the entire length of the agitator shaft. This means that the auxiliary grinding bodies can also be distributed over the entire length of the agitator shaft in the grinding chamber.
- the distribution of the auxiliary grinding bodies can be influenced in an advantageous manner, for example by means of a suitably selected cross section of the channel.
- the flow channel is introduced into the agitator shaft as a groove, at least in sections. It is also conceivable, for example, that the flow channel is made as a bore in the agitator shaft in an axial area near the separating device and is designed as a groove in a section near the product inlet.
- the auxiliary grinding bodies are thereby guided in the axial direction through a flow channel and only exit into the grinding chamber near the product outlet.
- the number of flow channels corresponds to the number of recesses in the separating device.
- the even distribution of the auxiliary grinding bodies is further improved by the plurality of flow channels distributed over the circumference of the agitator shaft. With regard to this, it is also considered to be advantageous if the flow channels run parallel to one another.
- auxiliary grinding bodies can additionally flow into the grinding chamber through a section of the agitator shaft coupled to the separating device.
- experience has shown that during the grinding process there is an increased concentration of the auxiliary grinding bodies in the vicinity of the separating device, which means that the concentration of auxiliary grinding bodies decreases in the area of the agitator shaft.
- the aim is to achieve the most uniform possible distribution of the auxiliary grinding bodies in the grinding chamber in order to allow the grinding process to run effectively.
- a material to be ground for example in liquid form
- a material to be ground is continuously fed into the interior of the grinding chamber via an inlet channel and conveyed in this together with the auxiliary grinding bodies to the product outlet.
- the auxiliary grinding bodies are separated from the grinding material in the area of the product outlet by means of the separating device and the grinding material is conveyed out of the grinding container via the outlet channel.
- the auxiliary grinding bodies flow from the separating device along the agitator shaft back into the grinding chamber, due to the fact that the resistance for the auxiliary grinding bodies, caused by the continuously conveyed grinding stock, is reduced due to the inventive design of the separating device and agitator shaft.
- the exit location or exit area of the auxiliary grinding bodies is preferably set by setting and coordinating the agitator shaft speed, the cross-sectional shape of the return channels and / or the alignment of the widening recess in the agitator shaft.
- the setting and coordination can be done manually or automatically via a control loop. Since the exit point is also dependent, among other things, on the throughput rate and thus the flow rate, which can change from grinding process to grinding process depending on the particular task and requirements for the grinding result, it should be adaptable. For example, it has been found that the exit point can move disadvantageously in the direction of the separating device at a comparatively high throughput rate.
- the displacement of the exit point can be counteracted by a suitable choice of the speed of the agitator shaft and / or the configuration of the return channels.
- the agitator shaft has at least one recess which extends in the axial direction and which is assigned to a dynamic separating device.
- the recess is designed as a flow channel and is suitable for guiding auxiliary grinding bodies back into the grinding chamber.
- the stirrer shaft has an end section on the separating device side, with which a connection of the flow channel to at least one of the recesses of the separating device can be established.
- the dynamic separation device can be driven both by the agitator shaft and by means of a separate device.
- the separating device is designed in such a way that the mixture formed from the auxiliary grinding bodies and the ground and / or dispersed material can flow to the product outlet via the recesses of the separating device.
- part of the rotational energy is transferred to the auxiliary grinding bodies, whereupon the grinding bodies used for grinding are separated from the grinding material and transported back into the interior of the grinding chamber due to the radial centrifugal force and the different density.
- the ground material itself passes through the separating device and leaves the grinding chamber via the outlet channel.
- the grinding stock must overcome a relative pressure against the centrifugal force when flowing through the separating device, which is applied by a feed pump connected to the inlet channel of the agitator ball mill.
- the auxiliary grinding bodies must move in the opposite direction to the flow generated by the feed pump The grinding chamber can be transported back, which in the known agitator ball mills usually leads to a build-up of the auxiliary grinding bodies in the area of the separating device.
- the auxiliary grinding bodies can escape via these recesses.
- the widening recess in the agitator shaft is introduced into the agitator shaft as a flow channel and at least in sections in the form of a groove.
- the flow channel can be designed as a bore in the agitator shaft, at least in sections. This makes it possible for the auxiliary grinding bodies to flow in a certain direction and, for example, through a suitable combination of groove and bore, for the auxiliary grinding bodies to emerge from the agitator shaft only at a certain location.
- At least one radially extending longitudinal wall of the flow channel is angled in such a way that a further radial force component caused by the angled channel wall acts on the auxiliary grinding bodies in the flow channel in addition to the centrifugal force.
- a build-up of the auxiliary grinding bodies can thus be prevented by the auxiliary grinding bodies leaving the flow channel again relatively quickly.
- the increased radial acceleration of the auxiliary grinding bodies resulting therefrom means that they are conveyed further in the radial direction into the grinding chamber, which contributes to an improved distribution of the auxiliary grinding bodies in the cross section of the grinding chamber.
- at least one channel wall runs helically in the axial direction in order, for example, to allow the auxiliary grinding bodies to emerge again first or to a greater extent in a specific area of the grinding chamber.
- the grinding elements of the agitator shaft are designed as grinding disks and have at least one opening close to the center, which is made as a continuous recess in the grinding disk.
- Spacer sleeves are arranged between the grinding disks. The grinding disks are clamped axially with the spacer sleeves and form the agitator to which the dynamic cutting device is attached.
- the return channel runs axially through the openings in the grinding disks.
- the spacer sleeves preferably have a polygonal cross section, in particular a square cross section.
- the spacers can also have a different cross section. It should be noted, however, that the cross section of the spacer sleeve is not circular, otherwise the desired pumping effect in the radial direction will not be achieved.
- the opening in the grinding disks are made close to the center in such a way that auxiliary grinding bodies flowing through the opening close to the center are grasped by the spacer sleeves, accelerated and transported radially outwards.
- the spacer bushings are preferably designed in such a way that their edges at least partially, particularly preferably completely, sweep over the opening area when the agitator shaft rotates.
- the grinding disks can advantageously have radial recesses. These serve primarily to activate the auxiliary grinding bodies, but can also enable an additional backflow of the auxiliary grinding bodies according to the invention.
- auxiliary grinding bodies can escape from the area of the separating device through the return channels, thereby preventing local accumulation of the auxiliary grinding bodies.
- the even distribution of the auxiliary grinding bodies desired for an effective grinding process can be achieved through the recesses extending axially into the grinding chamber.
- it is possible to adapt the distribution of the auxiliary grinding bodies to the respective grinding task by means of the described structural adjustments to the agitator shaft and / or the grinding parameters such as speed and flow rate.
- Another advantage results from the fact that the advantageous effect is essentially based on the special design of the agitator shaft.
- an agitator ball mill can also be modified with appropriate structural requirements and / or suitable adapter components.
- the agitator ball mill 2 has a grinding container 4, in which a stirring shaft 8 provided with grinding elements 6 is arranged, whereby a grinding chamber 10 is formed between the grinding container 4 and the stirring shaft 8, into which the grinding elements 6 extend and into which at least one inlet channel 12 for ground material opens and in which a dynamic separating device 14 is provided for auxiliary grinding bodies, wherein the separating device 14 is provided with recesses 16 for the return of auxiliary grinding bodies and the agitator shaft 8 is provided with groove-shaped recesses 18 which expand the separating direction 14 and which extend in the axial direction towards the product flow The inlet area of the grinding chamber 10 extend.
- a static separating device designed as a sieve 22 is connected upstream of a product outlet channel 20.
- the groove-shaped recesses 18 in the agitator shaft 8 run axially parallel to the axis of rotation of the agitator shaft 8 and form return channels 18 for the auxiliary grinding bodies.
- the return channels 18 and the recesses 16 in the separating device 14 merge, so that when the mill 2 is in operation, the auxiliary grinding bodies can escape via the return channels 18 in the direction of the product inlet, get back into the grinding chamber and are thus distributed.
- the agitator ball mill 2 is constructed in such a way that the material to be ground is continuously conveyed into the grinding container 4 via the inlet channel 12 by means of a pump, not shown here, and flows in the grinding chamber 10 together with the auxiliary grinding bodies axially in the direction of the outlet channel 20 and is ground in the process.
- the ground material flows with the grinding bodies through the recesses 16 in the separating device 14.
- the ground material leaves the grinding container 4 via the outlet channel 20 and the auxiliary grinding bodies are moved radially outward due to the centrifugal forces acting on the auxiliary grinding bodies by the rotating separating device 14.
- the continuously conveyed mixture of grinding material and auxiliary grinding bodies flows from the outside from the grinding chamber 10 into the recesses 16 of the separating device 14, which is why the return flow of the auxiliary grinding bodies is hindered.
- the auxiliary grinding bodies flow into the return channel 18 in the agitator shaft 8 and are then further accelerated by the agitator shaft 8, which is also rotating, and conveyed back into the grinding chamber 10.
- FIG 1b shows cross sections of the agitator ball mill 2 from FIG 1a on the one hand in the area of the separating device 14 as section A - A and on the other hand in the area of the agitator shaft 8 as section B - B.
- the separating device 14 forms a kind of cage, through whose recesses 16 the grinding material auxiliary body -Mixture can flow and is thereby accelerated during operation of the mill 2.
- the cross-sectional shape of the recesses 16 corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the return channels 18 in the agitator shaft 8, which have a V-shape.
- FIG 2a an agitator ball mill 2 is shown, in which the recesses 16 in the separating device are connected to the return ducts 18 in the agitator ball mill 2 via an axially introduced bore 26.
- one or more return channels 18 are designed as a bore in a first section of the agitator shaft 8. It can thereby be achieved that the auxiliary grinding bodies flowing in the channel 18 only emerge into an area near the product inlet and are conveyed into the grinding chamber 10.
- any other type of Recess possible which is suitable for guiding the auxiliary grinding bodies to an area or section with an open recess 18.
- FIG 2b shows cross sections of the agitator ball mill 2 from FIG 2a on the one hand in the area of the separating device 14 as section A - A and on the other hand in the area of the agitator shaft 8 as section B - B.
- the bore 26 as a connection between the recess 16 of the separating device and the return channel 18 is obliquely seen in the axial direction.
- This section of the separating device 14 thus additionally acts as a pump for the auxiliary grinding bodies, which are sucked out of the area of the separating device 14 due to this pumping action in order to convey the auxiliary grinding bodies into the grinding chamber in an area of the agitator shaft 8.
- FIG 3a An agitator ball mill 2 with one as in FIG 2a separator 14 shown is in FIG 3a shown.
- the agitator shaft 8 has return channels 18 formed by axially extending bores 28 in the agitator shaft 8, which are interrupted in sections and open to the grinding chamber 10 like a return channel 18 introduced as a groove.
- the bores 28 in the agitator shaft, like the bores 26 of the separating device 14, are made at an angle, viewed in the axial direction, and act as a pump.
- the auxiliary grinding bodies can escape into the grinding chamber in the open sections of the return channels 18.
- FIG 3b shows cross sections of the agitator ball mill 2 from FIG 3a on the one hand in the area of the separating device 14 as section A - A and on the other hand in the area of the agitator shaft 8 as section B - B.
- FIG 4a essentially shows the agitator ball mill 2 FIG 1a with a dynamic separating device 14, which is coupled to the agitator shaft 8 and which has return channels 18 introduced as a groove in the agitator shaft 8, which axially expand the recesses 16 of the separating device 14, and with an additional dynamic element 30, which has radially extending channels or blades is provided.
- the outlet end section 32 of the mill 2 and the adjoining additional dynamic element 30 run conically to one another, as a result of which a gap 34 is formed, which generates a flow in the radial direction towards the dynamic separating device 14.
- the return channel 18 is closed off by a wall 36 on the product inlet side, as shown in the agitator ball mill 2 shown.
- a disadvantageous inflow of the material to be ground into the return channel 18 from the product inlet side can be counteracted by the wall 36.
- FIG 4b shows cross sections of the agitator ball mill 2 from FIG 4a on the one hand in the area of the separating device 14 as section A - A and on the other hand in the area of the agitator shaft 8 as section B - B.
- the recesses 16 in the separating device 14 are made obliquely seen in the radial direction, which creates an additional pumping effect radially outward .
- a sufficiently strong countercurrent can thus be generated to convey the auxiliary grinding bodies radially outward so that they can get back into the grinding chamber 10 via the return channel 18.
- FIG. 5 An agitator ball mill 2 with an agitator shaft 8 with return channels 18 extending helically in the axial direction, which are introduced as a groove in the agitator shaft 8, is shown in FIG FIG 5 shown.
- a flow is additionally generated in the axial direction towards the product inlet.
- the recesses 16 of the separating device 14, are made axially parallel to the axis of rotation of the agitator shaft 8.
- FIG 6 is an agitator ball mill 2 as in FIG 5 shown shown.
- the agitator shaft 8 has only one return channel 18 which is also only coupled to a recess 16 of the separating device 14.
- the auxiliary grinding bodies could thus be conveyed from all recesses 16 in the separating device 14 via the connecting recess into the return channel 18.
- the return channel 18 could, however, also be introduced in a helical manner up to the separating device 14. Such an embodiment is in FIG 7 shown.
- the separating device 14 has only one recess 16 which merges into the return channel 18.
- FIGS 8 show examples of various embodiments of the agitator shaft 8 in cross section.
- FIG FIG 8d pointed out, in which the agitator shaft 8 has recesses 18, but these are not designed as a channel 18 as in the figures described above.
- a type of return channel 18 is formed by the rotation of the agitator shaft 8 during operation of the mill 2. Due to the continuous displacement of the mixture of the grinding material and auxiliary grinding body, a similarly designed one is created Grinding chamber 10 as in the case of a stirrer shaft 8 with a return channel 18, with the auxiliary grinding bodies being able to flow back below the grinding chamber 10.
- Grinding disks 38 as grinding elements with at least one opening 40 close to the center are shown in FIG Figure 9 shown.
- Spacer sleeves 42 are arranged between the grinding disks 38.
- the grinding disks 38 and the spacer bushings 42 are braced axially and together with a dynamic separating device according to the invention, not shown here, form an agitator shaft.
- Each grinding disk 38 in the Figures 9a to 9d is provided with a total of four openings 40 through which auxiliary grinding bodies can flow back.
- the shapes of the grinding disks are illustrated by the dashed line and the spacer sleeves 42 have a polygonal cross section.
- the openings 40 are made in the grinding disk 38 in such a way that a lower opening wall 44 as in FIG Figures 9a, 9b, 9c shown is flush with a surface 46 of the spacer sleeve 42.
- the spacer sleeves 42 are designed in such a way that their edges completely sweep over the openings 40 when the agitator shaft 8 rotates.
- the spacer sleeve 42 protrudes into the opening 40, seen in the axial direction, so that the opening 40 is only partially swept over when the agitator shaft 8 rotates.
- Figures 9a, 9c and 9d shows a grinding disk 38 with a spacer sleeve 42 with a square cross-section
- the grinding disk 38 in FIG Figure 9c additionally has a total of 4 radial recesses 48
- Figure 9b shows a grinding disk 38 with a triangular shape and flattened or rounded corners, in which the spacer sleeve 42 has a shape corresponding to the grinding disk 38 in cross section.
- FIGS. 9e and 9f show examples of further embodiments and arrangements according to the invention of a grinding disk 38 with an opening 40 close to the center and a spacer bushing 42
- Figures 9 The variants shown are not exclusive, in particular a combination of different grinding disks 38 and spacer bushings 42 is conceivable as long as a backflow of the auxiliary grinding bodies according to the invention is guaranteed.
- the agitator ball mill 2 is specifically designed for an effective distribution of the auxiliary grinding bodies in the grinding chamber 10. Since the auxiliary grinding bodies are conveyed back into the grinding chamber 10 in the axial direction along the agitator shaft 8 by the separating device 14, an increased concentration of auxiliary grinding bodies in the region of the separating device 14 is prevented.
- unmilled product that flows close to the center along the agitator shaft 8 from the inlet area of the agitator ball mill 2 in the axial direction to the separating device 14 is also conveyed back in the radial direction into the grinding chamber 10, into an outer, more effective grinding area.
- this effect comes into play particularly in grinding disks 38 with a radial recess 48, since unmilled product can flow back in the axial direction close to the center, particularly through the recesses 48 in the grinding disk 38.
- the risk of unmilled product reaching the outlet channel 20 is minimized by the pumping action of the spacer bushings 42.
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- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
- Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Rührwerkskugelmühle mit einem Mahlbehälter gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zum Mahlen mit einer Rührwerkskugelmühle gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 9.The invention relates to an agitator ball mill with a grinding container according to the preamble of
Rührwerkskugelmühlen werden zum Zerkleinern und Homogenisieren von Feststoffpartikeln eingesetzt, wobei mittels einer Rührwelle Mahlhilfskörper intensiv bewegt werden. Dabei werden die Feststoffpartikel durch Prall, Druck, Scherung und Reibung zerkleinert. Prinzipiell können Rührwerkskugelmühlen unterschieden werden hinsichtlich einer horizontalen oder vertikalen Ausrichtung der Mahlkammer. Die Aktivierung der Mahlhilfskörper erfolgt durch die Rührwelle, die mit Rührkörpern wie beispielswiese Stäben oder Scheiben ausgestattet sein kann. Der Mahlraum ist üblicherweise zu siebzig bis neunzig Prozent mit Mahlhilfskörpern im Größenbereich von 0,03 - 9 mm Durchmesser gefüllt.Agitator ball mills are used to comminute and homogenize solid particles, with auxiliary grinding bodies being intensively moved by means of a stirring shaft. The solid particles are crushed by impact, pressure, shear and friction. In principle, agitator ball mills can be distinguished with regard to a horizontal or vertical alignment of the grinding chamber. The auxiliary grinding bodies are activated by the agitator shaft, which can be equipped with agitators such as rods or discs. The grinding chamber is usually filled to seventy to ninety percent with auxiliary grinding bodies in the size range from 0.03 to 9 mm in diameter.
Das zu vermahlende Produkt strömt beim Mahlvorgang kontinuierlich von einem Produkteinlass axial durch den Mahlraum bis zu einem Produktauslass. In einem Auslassbereich erfolgt dann die Trennung der Mahlhilfskörper vom Produktstrom mittels eines Trennsystems.During the grinding process, the product to be ground flows continuously from a product inlet axially through the grinding chamber to a product outlet. In an outlet area, the auxiliary grinding bodies are then separated from the product flow by means of a separation system.
Der Durchsatz und die Mahlkörpergröße werden in geschlossenen Rührwerkskugelmühlen durch eine Trenneinrichtung begrenzt. Mit Hilfe der Trenneinrichtung sollen die Mahlhilfskörper sicher im Mahlbehälter zurückgehalten werden und dürfen auch bei hohen Durchsatzleistungen nicht zu einer Mahlkörperverpressung oder zur Verstopfung führen. Die Trenneinrichtungen können in bekannter Weise als Spaltsysteme, Zentrifugalsysteme oder als externe Abtrennsysteme ausgebildet sein. Bekannte Spaltsysteme sind beispielsweise Siebpatronen oder Spaltrohre, welche an verschiedenen Stellen des Mahlraumes angeordnet sein können.The throughput and the size of the grinding media are limited in closed agitator ball mills by a separating device. With the aid of the separating device, the auxiliary grinding bodies should be securely retained in the grinding container and must not lead to grinding body compression or clogging even at high throughputs. The separation devices can be designed in a known manner as gap systems, centrifugal systems or as external separation systems. Known gap systems are, for example, sieve cartridges or gap tubes, which can be arranged at different points in the grinding chamber.
Ebenfalls aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt sind Zentrifugalsysteme als dynamische Trenneinrichtungen, bei der die Mahlhilfskörper radial beschleunigt werden, wodurch aufgrund der wirkenden Zentrifugalkraft diese zurück in den Mahlbehälter transportiert werden. Derartige dynamische Trenneinrichtungen können beispielsweise durch einen um ein Sieb rotierenden Käfig gebildet sein. Sie finden Einsatz insbesondere bei hohen Durchsatzleistungen und bei Verwendung von Kleinstmahlkörpern.Centrifugal systems are also known from the prior art as dynamic separating devices in which the auxiliary grinding bodies are accelerated radially, as a result of which they are transported back into the grinding container due to the acting centrifugal force. Such dynamic separation devices can, for example be formed by a cage rotating around a screen. They are used in particular with high throughput rates and when using very small grinding media.
Eine andere aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Rührwerkskugelmühle mit einem Mahlkörperabtrennsystem (
Eine weitere mit einem dynamischen Trennsystem ausgestattete Rührwerkskugelmühle ist in der europäischen Patentanmeldung
Die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Trenneinrichtungen für Rührwerkskugelmühlen können zwar verhindern, dass Mahlhilfskörper in den Produktauslass gelangen, jedoch hat es sich in der Praxis gezeigt, dass es im Bereich der Trenneinrichtung zu einer erhöhten Konzentration an Mahlhilfskörpern kommt. Der eigentliche Mahlvorgang findet aber nicht in diesem Bereich, sondern in der Mahlkammer in einem Bereich vor der Trenneinrichtung statt. Die niedrige Konzentration an Mahlhilfskörpern in dem besonders mahlwirksamen Bereich verursacht eine verringerte Mahlleistung, was zu einem unbefriedigenden Mahlergebnis führen kann.The separating devices for agitator ball mills known from the prior art can prevent auxiliary grinding bodies from entering the product outlet, but practice has shown that there is an increased concentration of auxiliary grinding bodies in the area of the separating device. The actual grinding process does not take place in this area, but in the grinding chamber in an area in front of the separating device. The low concentration of auxiliary grinding bodies in the particularly effective grinding area causes a reduced grinding performance, which can lead to unsatisfactory grinding results.
Wünschenswert wäre es deshalb eine Rührwerkskugelmühle mit einem Trennsystem bereitzustellen, welches eine verbesserte Verteilung der Mahlhilfskörper in der Mahlkammer ermöglicht. Dabei sollte die gewünschte gleichmäßige Verteilung der Mahlhilfskörper in der Mahlkammer ohne konstruktive Änderungen, An- oder Umbauten der Mahlkammer möglich sein. Die bekannten Vorrichtungen der oben genannten Art sind für eine gleichmäßige Mahlhilfskörperverteilung jedoch nur unzureichend geeignet.It would therefore be desirable to provide an agitator ball mill with a separation system which enables an improved distribution of the auxiliary grinding bodies in the grinding chamber. The desired even distribution of the auxiliary grinding bodies in the grinding chamber should be without any structural changes, additions or modifications the grinding chamber be possible. The known devices of the type mentioned above are, however, only inadequately suitable for a uniform distribution of auxiliary grinding bodies.
Aus der
Eine weitere Rührwerkskugelmühle mit einer dynamischen Trenneinrichtung ist in der
Aus der
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, welche eine verbesserte Verteilung der Mahlhilfskörper in der Mahlkammer ermöglicht.The invention is based on the object of specifying a device of the type mentioned at the beginning which enables an improved distribution of the auxiliary grinding bodies in the grinding chamber.
Diese Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß durch eine Rührwerkskugelmühle gelöst, die die im Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale aufweist. Insbesondere ist die Rührwelle mit mindestens einer die dynamische Trenneinrichtung erweiternden Ausnehmung versehen, welche sich in axialer Richtung in die Mahlkammer erstreckt und wie beschrieben ausgebildet ist.This object is achieved according to the invention by an agitator ball mill which has the features specified in
Die Erfindung geht dabei von der Überlegung aus, dass für eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der Mahlhilfskörper in der Mahlkammer die Trenneinrichtung und die Rührwelle durch eine geeignete Ausgestaltung und Kopplung die Rückführung der Mahlhilfskörper in die Mahlkammer bewirken können. Dabei sollte die Rückführung der Mahlhilfskörper insbesondere möglichst ohne eine aufwendige Umgestaltung des Mahlbehälters oder durch Umleitung der Mahlhilfskörper außerhalb des Mahlbehälters erfolgen können.The invention is based on the idea that for a uniform distribution of the auxiliary grinding bodies in the grinding chamber, the separating device and the agitator shaft can bring about the return of the auxiliary grinding bodies into the grinding chamber by means of a suitable design and coupling. The return of the auxiliary grinding bodies should in particular be able to take place as far as possible without an expensive redesign of the grinding container or by diverting the auxiliary grinding bodies outside the grinding container.
Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass die dynamische Trenneinrichtung mit der Rührwelle derart gekoppelt ist, dass mindestens eine Ausnehmung der Trenneinrichtung axial erweitert ist, derart, dass sich die erweiterte Ausnehmung in axialer Richtung in einem Bereich der Rührwelle in die Mahlkammer hinein erstreckt. Dazu sind in der Rührwelle Ausnehmungen eingebracht, die mit den Ausnehmungen in der Trenneinrichtung in Verbindung stehen und diese erweitern. Bei Betrieb der Mühle kann so ein Teil der Mahlhilfskörper durch die Ausnehmung in der Rührwelle zurück in die Mahlkammer befördert werden.This is achieved in that the dynamic separating device is coupled to the agitator shaft in such a way that at least one recess of the separating device is axially widened such that the widened recess extends into the grinding chamber in an axial direction in a region of the agitating shaft. For this purpose, recesses are made in the agitator shaft, which are connected to the recesses in the separating device and expand them. When the mill is in operation, some of the auxiliary grinding bodies can be conveyed back into the grinding chamber through the recess in the agitator shaft.
Bevorzugt ist der Bereich der Ausnehmungen der Trenneinrichtung in axialer Richtung kleiner als der Bereich mit der erweiternden Ausnehmung. Durch einen damit verkürzten Trennbereich bzw. verlängerten Bereich außerhalb dieses Trennbereichs werden die Mahlhilfskörper weiter in die Mahlkammer in axialer Richtung hinein befördert, sodass die Verweildauer der Mahlhilfskörper in der Mahlkammer effektiv erhöht wird.The area of the recesses of the separating device is preferably smaller in the axial direction than the area with the widening recess. The auxiliary grinding bodies are conveyed further into the grinding chamber in the axial direction through a thus shortened separation area or an extended area outside this separation area, so that the dwell time of the auxiliary grinding bodies in the grinding chamber is effectively increased.
Vorzugsweise verläuft die erweiternde Ausnehmung achsparallel zur Drehachse der Rührwelle. Vorteilhaft ist dabei insbesondere, dass der Fertigungsaufwand zum Einbringen einer solchen Ausnehmung in die Rührwelle vergleichsweise gering ist.The widening recess preferably runs axially parallel to the axis of rotation of the agitator shaft. It is particularly advantageous that the manufacturing outlay for making such a recess in the agitator shaft is comparatively low.
Als vorteilhaft hat sich auch erwiesen, wenn die erweiternde Ausnehmung zumindest teilweise in axialer Richtung schraubenförmig beziehungsweise schraubenlinienförmig um die Drehachse der Rührwelle verläuft. Auf diese Weise kann beispielsweise die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit und damit auch ein Austrittsort beziehungsweise Wiedereintrittsort der Mahlhilfskörper in die Mahlkammer positiv beeinflusst werden. Verläuft beispielsweise die schraubenförmige Ausnehmung entgegen der Drehrichtung der Rührwelle, so erhöht sich die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit in axialer Richtung zum Produkteinlass hin, wodurch der Wiedereintrittsort der Mahlhilfskörper in einen vorderen Bereich der Mahlkammer, nahe dem Produkteinlass verschoben werden kann.It has also proven to be advantageous if the widening recess extends at least partially in the axial direction in a helical or helical manner around the axis of rotation of the agitator shaft. In this way, for example, the flow velocity and thus also an exit location or re-entry location of the auxiliary grinding bodies into the grinding chamber can be positively influenced. For example, if the helical recess runs counter to the direction of rotation of the agitator shaft, the flow speed increases in the axial direction towards the product inlet, whereby the re-entry point of the auxiliary grinding bodies can be shifted to a front area of the grinding chamber near the product inlet.
In besonders vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung erstreckt sich die erweiternde Ausnehmung im Wesentlichen über die gesamte Länge der Rührwelle. Dadurch wird erreicht, dass die Mahlhilfskörper auch über die gesamte Länge der Rührwelle in der Mahlkammer verteilt werden können.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the widening recess extends essentially over the entire length of the agitator shaft. This means that the auxiliary grinding bodies can also be distributed over the entire length of the agitator shaft in the grinding chamber.
Durch die Ausbildung der erweiternden Ausnehmung als Strömungskanal kann, beispielsweise durch einen geeignet gewählten Querschnitt des Kanals, die Verteilung der Mahlhilfskörper in vorteilhafter Art und Weise beinflusst werden.By designing the widening recess as a flow channel, the distribution of the auxiliary grinding bodies can be influenced in an advantageous manner, for example by means of a suitably selected cross section of the channel.
Der Strömungskanal ist dabei zumindest abschnittsweise als Nut in die Rührwelle eingebracht. Denkbar ist zum Beispiel auch, dass in einem axialen Bereich in Nähe der Trenneinrichtung der Strömungskanal als Bohrung in die Rührwelle eingebracht ist und in einem Abschnitt nahe dem Produkteinlass als Nut ausgebildet ist. Die Mahlhilfskörper werden dadurch in axialer Richtung durch einen Strömungskanal geleitet und treten erst nahe dem Produktauslass in die Mahlkammer wieder aus.The flow channel is introduced into the agitator shaft as a groove, at least in sections. It is also conceivable, for example, that the flow channel is made as a bore in the agitator shaft in an axial area near the separating device and is designed as a groove in a section near the product inlet. The auxiliary grinding bodies are thereby guided in the axial direction through a flow channel and only exit into the grinding chamber near the product outlet.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung stimmt die Anzahl der Strömungskanäle mit der Anzahl der Ausnehmungen der Trenneinrichtung überein. Durch die Mehrzahl über den Umfang der Rührwelle verteilter Strömungskanäle wird die gleichmäßige Verteilung der Mahlhilfskörper weiter verbessert. Im Hinblick darauf wird ebenfalls als vorteilhaft angesehen, wenn die Strömungskanäle parallel zueinander verlaufen.According to a preferred development, the number of flow channels corresponds to the number of recesses in the separating device. The even distribution of the auxiliary grinding bodies is further improved by the plurality of flow channels distributed over the circumference of the agitator shaft. With regard to this, it is also considered to be advantageous if the flow channels run parallel to one another.
Der Mahlvorgang in der Mahlkammer wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch verbessert, dass Mahlhilfskörper zusätzlich durch einen mit der Trenneinrichtung gekoppelten Abschnitt der Rührwelle in die Mahlkammer einströmen können. Ohne die erfindungsgemäße Kopplung mit der Trenneinrichtung kommt es während des Mahlprozesses erfahrungsgemäß zu einer erhöhten Konzentration der Mahlhilfkörper in der Nähe der Trenneinrichtung, was dazu führt, dass im Bereich der Rührwelle die Konzentration an Mahlhilfkörpern sinkt. Ziel ist es aber, eine möglichst gleichmäßige Verteilung der Mahlhilfkörper in der Mahlkammer zu erreichen, um den Mahlprozess effektiv ablaufen zu lassen.The grinding process in the grinding chamber is improved according to the invention in that auxiliary grinding bodies can additionally flow into the grinding chamber through a section of the agitator shaft coupled to the separating device. Without the coupling according to the invention with the separating device, experience has shown that during the grinding process there is an increased concentration of the auxiliary grinding bodies in the vicinity of the separating device, which means that the concentration of auxiliary grinding bodies decreases in the area of the agitator shaft. The aim, however, is to achieve the most uniform possible distribution of the auxiliary grinding bodies in the grinding chamber in order to allow the grinding process to run effectively.
Beim Betrieb der Rührwerkskugelmühle wird über einen Einlasskanal ein zu mahlendes Gut, beispielsweise in flüssiger Form, kontinuierlich in den Innenraum der Mahlkammer geführt und in diesem zusammen mit den Mahlhilfskörpern zum Produktauslass hin befördert. Die Mahlhilfkörper werden im Bereich des Produktauslasses mittels der Trenneinrichtung vom Mahlgut getrennt und das Mahlgut über den Auslasskanal aus dem Mahlbehälter gefördert. Im Gegensatz zu den bekannten Verfahren strömen die Mahlhilfskörper ausgehend von der Trenneinrichtung entlang der Rührwelle zurück in die Mahlkammer, dadurch, dass sich der Widerstand für die Mahlhilfskörper, hervorgerufen durch das kontinuierlich geförderte Mahlgut, aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung von Trenneinrichtung und Rührwelle verringert.When the agitator ball mill is in operation, a material to be ground, for example in liquid form, is continuously fed into the interior of the grinding chamber via an inlet channel and conveyed in this together with the auxiliary grinding bodies to the product outlet. The auxiliary grinding bodies are separated from the grinding material in the area of the product outlet by means of the separating device and the grinding material is conveyed out of the grinding container via the outlet channel. In contrast to the known methods, the auxiliary grinding bodies flow from the separating device along the agitator shaft back into the grinding chamber, due to the fact that the resistance for the auxiliary grinding bodies, caused by the continuously conveyed grinding stock, is reduced due to the inventive design of the separating device and agitator shaft.
Vorzugsweise wird der Austrittsort oder Austrittsbereich der Mahlhilfkörper durch Einstellen und aufeinander Abstimmen von Rührwellendrehzahl, Querschnittsform der Rückführkanäle und/oder Ausrichtung der erweiternden Ausnehmung in der Rührwelle eingestellt. Die Einstellung und Abstimmung kann dabei manuell oder über einen Regelkreis automatisiert erfolgen. Da der Austrittsort unter anderem auch abhängig ist von der Durchsatzrate und damit Strömungsgeschwindigkeit, welche sich von Mahlvorgang zu Mahlvorgang in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen Aufgabe und Anforderung an das Mahlergebnis ändern kann, sollte dieser anpassbar sein. Beispielsweise hat sich herausgestellt, dass sich der Austrittsort bei einer vergleichsweise hohen Durchsatzrate nachteilig in Richtung der Trenneinrichtung verschieben kann. Durch die geeignete Wahl der Drehzahl der Rührwelle und/oder Ausgestaltung der Rückführkanäle kann der Verschiebung des Austrittsorts entgegengewirkt werden.The exit location or exit area of the auxiliary grinding bodies is preferably set by setting and coordinating the agitator shaft speed, the cross-sectional shape of the return channels and / or the alignment of the widening recess in the agitator shaft. The setting and coordination can be done manually or automatically via a control loop. Since the exit point is also dependent, among other things, on the throughput rate and thus the flow rate, which can change from grinding process to grinding process depending on the particular task and requirements for the grinding result, it should be adaptable. For example, it has been found that the exit point can move disadvantageously in the direction of the separating device at a comparatively high throughput rate. The displacement of the exit point can be counteracted by a suitable choice of the speed of the agitator shaft and / or the configuration of the return channels.
Für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren weist die Rührwelle mindestens eine sich in axialer Richtung erstreckende Ausnehmung auf, welche einer dynamischen Trenneinrichtung zugeordnet ist. Die Ausnehmung ist als Strömungskanal ausgebildet und geeignet, Mahlhilfskörper in den Mahlraum zurück zu führen. Insbesondere weist die Rührwelle trenneinrichtungsseitig einen Endabschnitt auf, mit dem eine Verbindung des Strömungskanals mit mindestens einer der Ausnehmungen der Trenneinrichtung herstellbar ist.For the method according to the invention, the agitator shaft has at least one recess which extends in the axial direction and which is assigned to a dynamic separating device. The recess is designed as a flow channel and is suitable for guiding auxiliary grinding bodies back into the grinding chamber. In particular, the stirrer shaft has an end section on the separating device side, with which a connection of the flow channel to at least one of the recesses of the separating device can be established.
Die dynamische Trenneinrichtung kann sowohl durch die Rührwelle als auch mittels einer separaten Vorrichtung angetrieben werden. Die Trenneinrichtung ist dabei so ausgebildet, dass das aus den Mahlhilfskörpern und dem gemahlenen und/oder dispergierten Gut gebildete Gemisch über die Ausnehmungen der Trenneinrichtung zum Produktauslass strömen kann. Beim Einströmen in die Ausnehmung wird ein Teil der Rotationsenergie auf die Mahlhilfskörper übertragen, worauf aufgrund der radial wirkenden Zentrifugalkraft und der unterschiedlichen Dichte die zum Mahlen dienenden Mahlkörper vom Mahlgut getrennt und zurück in den Innenraum der Mahlkammer befördert werden. Das Mahlgut selbst gelangt durch die Trenneinrichtung hindurch und verlässt über den Auslasskanal die Mahlkammer.The dynamic separation device can be driven both by the agitator shaft and by means of a separate device. The separating device is designed in such a way that the mixture formed from the auxiliary grinding bodies and the ground and / or dispersed material can flow to the product outlet via the recesses of the separating device. When flowing into the recess, part of the rotational energy is transferred to the auxiliary grinding bodies, whereupon the grinding bodies used for grinding are separated from the grinding material and transported back into the interior of the grinding chamber due to the radial centrifugal force and the different density. The ground material itself passes through the separating device and leaves the grinding chamber via the outlet channel.
Durch die Rotation der dynamischen Trenneinrichtung muss das Mahlgut beim Durchströmen der Trenneinrichtung entgegen der Zentrifugalkraft einen relativen Druck überwinden, welcher von einer Speisepumpe, die mit dem Einlasskanal der Rührwerkskugelmühle verbunden ist, aufgebracht wird. Andererseits müssen die Mahlhilfskörper entgegen der von der Speisepumpe erzeugten Strömung in Richtung der Mahlkammer zurück transportiert werden, was bei den bekannten Rührwerkskugelmühlen gewöhnlich zu einem Anstauen der Mahlhilfskörper im Bereich der Trenneinrichtung führt. Durch die erfindungsgemäßen in den Mahlraum axial hinein verlaufenden Ausnehmungen in der Rührwelle können die Mahlhilfskörper über diese Ausnehmungen ausweichen. Die von beiden Seiten radial wirkende Strömung vom Mahlgut einerseits und von den Mahlhilfskörpern andererseits führt zu einer Strömung der Mahlhilfkörper in den erweiternden Ausnehmungen zurück in die Mahlkammer, vorzugsweise in einen besonders mahlwirksamen Bereich der Rührwelle.As a result of the rotation of the dynamic separating device, the grinding stock must overcome a relative pressure against the centrifugal force when flowing through the separating device, which is applied by a feed pump connected to the inlet channel of the agitator ball mill. On the other hand, the auxiliary grinding bodies must move in the opposite direction to the flow generated by the feed pump The grinding chamber can be transported back, which in the known agitator ball mills usually leads to a build-up of the auxiliary grinding bodies in the area of the separating device. As a result of the recesses in the agitator shaft that run axially into the grinding chamber according to the invention, the auxiliary grinding bodies can escape via these recesses. The flow from both sides of the material to be ground on the one hand and the auxiliary grinding bodies on the other hand leads to a flow of the auxiliary grinding bodies in the widening recesses back into the grinding chamber, preferably in a particularly effective grinding area of the agitator shaft.
Die erweiternde Ausnehmung in der Rührwelle ist als Strömungskanal und zumindest abschnittsweise in Form einer Nut in die Rührwelle eingebracht. Zusätzlich kann der Strömungskanal zumindest abschnittsweise als Bohrung in der Rührwelle ausgebildet sein. Dadurch wird ermöglicht, dass die Mahlhilfkörper in eine bestimmte Richtung strömen und beispielsweise durch eine geeignete Kombination von Nut und Bohrung die Mahlhilfskörper erst an einem bestimmten Ort aus der Rührwelle austreten.The widening recess in the agitator shaft is introduced into the agitator shaft as a flow channel and at least in sections in the form of a groove. In addition, the flow channel can be designed as a bore in the agitator shaft, at least in sections. This makes it possible for the auxiliary grinding bodies to flow in a certain direction and, for example, through a suitable combination of groove and bore, for the auxiliary grinding bodies to emerge from the agitator shaft only at a certain location.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist mindestens eine radial verlaufende Längswand des Strömungskanals abgewinkelt, derart, dass auf die Mahlhilfkörper im Strömungskanal zusätzlich zur Zentrifugalkraft eine weitere durch die abgewinkelte Kanalwand hervorgerufene radiale Kraftkomponente einwirkt. Beispielsweise kann somit ein Anstauen der Mahlhilfskörper verhindert werden, indem die Mahlhilfskörper relativ schnell den Strömungskanal wieder verlassen. Durch die daraus resultierende erhöhte radiale Beschleunigung der Mahlhilfskörper werden diese in radialer Richtung weiter in die Mahlkammer befördert, was zu einer verbesserten Verteilung der Mahlhilfskörper im Querschnitt der Mahlkammer beiträgt. Denkbar ist aber auch, dass mindestens eine Kanalwand in axialer Richtung schraubenartig verläuft, um beispielsweise die Mahlhilfskörper erst oder verstärkt in einem bestimmten Bereich der Mahlkammer wieder austreten zu lassen.In a further preferred embodiment, at least one radially extending longitudinal wall of the flow channel is angled in such a way that a further radial force component caused by the angled channel wall acts on the auxiliary grinding bodies in the flow channel in addition to the centrifugal force. For example, a build-up of the auxiliary grinding bodies can thus be prevented by the auxiliary grinding bodies leaving the flow channel again relatively quickly. The increased radial acceleration of the auxiliary grinding bodies resulting therefrom means that they are conveyed further in the radial direction into the grinding chamber, which contributes to an improved distribution of the auxiliary grinding bodies in the cross section of the grinding chamber. However, it is also conceivable that at least one channel wall runs helically in the axial direction in order, for example, to allow the auxiliary grinding bodies to emerge again first or to a greater extent in a specific area of the grinding chamber.
In einer Weiterbildung sind die Mahlelemente der Rührwelle als Mahlscheiben ausgebildet und weisen mindestens eine zentrumsnahe Öffnung auf, welche als durchgehende Ausnehmung in die Mahlscheibe eingebracht ist. Zwischen den Mahlscheiben sind Distanzbuchsen angeordnet. Die Mahlscheiben werden mit den Distanzbuchsen axial verspannt und bilden das Rührwerk, an dem sich die dynamische Trenneinrichtung anschließt. Der Rückführkanal verläuft dabei axial durch die Öffnungen in den Mahlscheiben.In a further development, the grinding elements of the agitator shaft are designed as grinding disks and have at least one opening close to the center, which is made as a continuous recess in the grinding disk. Spacer sleeves are arranged between the grinding disks. The grinding disks are clamped axially with the spacer sleeves and form the agitator to which the dynamic cutting device is attached. The return channel runs axially through the openings in the grinding disks.
Die Distanzbuchsen weisen vorzugsweise einen polygonförmigen Querschnitt, insbesondere einen quadratischen Querschnitt auf. Die Distanzbuchsen können aber auch einen anderen Querschnitt aufweisen. Zu beachten ist dabei jedoch, dass der Querschnitt der Distanzbuchse nicht kreisförmig ist, da sonst die gewünschte Pumpwirkung in radialer Richtung nicht erreicht wird.The spacer sleeves preferably have a polygonal cross section, in particular a square cross section. The spacers can also have a different cross section. It should be noted, however, that the cross section of the spacer sleeve is not circular, otherwise the desired pumping effect in the radial direction will not be achieved.
Die Öffnung in den Mahlscheiben sind zentrumsnah eingebracht, derart, dass durch die Öffnung zentrumsnah strömende Mahlhilfskörper von den Distanzbuchsen erfasst, beschleunigt und radial nach außen transportiert werden. Bevorzugt sind die Distanzbuchsen so gestaltet, dass deren Kanten bei Rotation der Rührwelle die Öffnungsfläche zumindest teilweise, besonders bevorzugt ganz überstreichen.The opening in the grinding disks are made close to the center in such a way that auxiliary grinding bodies flowing through the opening close to the center are grasped by the spacer sleeves, accelerated and transported radially outwards. The spacer bushings are preferably designed in such a way that their edges at least partially, particularly preferably completely, sweep over the opening area when the agitator shaft rotates.
Zusätzlich können in vorteilhafter Weise die Mahlscheiben radiale Ausnehmungen aufweisen. Diese dienen vorwiegend zur Aktivierung der Mahlhilfskörper, können aber auch ein erfindungsgemäß zusätzliches Rückströmen der Mahlhilfskörper ermöglichen.In addition, the grinding disks can advantageously have radial recesses. These serve primarily to activate the auxiliary grinding bodies, but can also enable an additional backflow of the auxiliary grinding bodies according to the invention.
Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, dass durch die Rückführkanäle die Mahlhilfkörper aus dem Bereich der Trenneinrichtung entweichen können wodurch ein lokales Anstauen der Mahlhilfkörper verhindert wird. Die für einen effektiven Mahlvorgang angestrebte gleichmäßige Verteilung der Mahlhilfskörper kann durch die in den Mahlraum axial hineinverlaufenden Ausnehmungen erreicht werden. Zudem ist eine Anpassung der Verteilung der Mahlhilfkörper an die jeweilige Mahlaufgabe durch die beschriebenen konstruktiven Anpassungen der Rührwelle und/oder der Mahlparameter wie Drehzahl und Durchflussleistung möglich. Ein weiterer Vorteil ergibt sich dadurch, dass die vorteilhafte Wirkung im Wesentlichen auf der besonderen Ausgestaltung der Rührwelle beruht. Dadurch kann bei entsprechenden konstruktiven Voraussetzungen und/oder geeigneter Adapterbauteile eine Rührwerkskugelmühle auch modifiziert werden.The advantages achieved with the invention consist, in particular, in the fact that the auxiliary grinding bodies can escape from the area of the separating device through the return channels, thereby preventing local accumulation of the auxiliary grinding bodies. The even distribution of the auxiliary grinding bodies desired for an effective grinding process can be achieved through the recesses extending axially into the grinding chamber. In addition, it is possible to adapt the distribution of the auxiliary grinding bodies to the respective grinding task by means of the described structural adjustments to the agitator shaft and / or the grinding parameters such as speed and flow rate. Another advantage results from the fact that the advantageous effect is essentially based on the special design of the agitator shaft. As a result, an agitator ball mill can also be modified with appropriate structural requirements and / or suitable adapter components.
Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung werden in exemplarischer Weise mit Bezug auf die angehängten Zeichnungen beschrieben. Darin zeigen:
- FIG 1a
- schematisch im Längsschnitt eine Rührwerkskugelmühle mit einer dynamischen Trenneinrichtung welche mit der Rührwelle gekoppelt ist und die als Nut in die Rührwelle eingebrachte Rückführkanäle aufweist, die Ausnehmungen der Trenneinrichtung axial erweitern,
- FIG 1b
- schematisch die Rührwerkskugelmühle aus
FIG 1a im Querschnitt im Bereich der Trenneinrichtung und im Bereich der Rührwelle, - FIG 2a
- schematisch im Längsschnitt im Wesentlichen die Rührwerkskugelmühle aus
FIG 1a mit einer dynamischen Trenneinrichtung, welche mit der Rührwelle gekoppelt ist und die als Nut in die Rührwelle eingebrachte Rückführkanäle aufweist, die Ausnehmungen der Trenneinrichtung axial erweitern, wobei die Ausnehmung in der Trenneinrichtung über eine Bohrung mit den Rückführkanal verbunden ist, - FIG 2b
- schematisch die Rührwerkskugelmühle aus
FIG 2a im Querschnitt im Bereich der Trenneinrichtung und im Bereich der Rührwelle, - FIG 3a
- schematisch im Längsschnitt eine Rührwerkskugelmühle mit einer dynamischen Trenneinrichtung, welche mit der Rührwelle gekoppelt ist und die als Nut und Bohrung in die Rührwelle eingebrachte Rückführkanäle aufweist, die Ausnehmungen der Trenneinrichtung axial erweitern,
- FIG 3b
- schematisch die Rührwerkskugelmühle aus
FIG 3a im Querschnitt im Bereich der Trenneinrichtung und im Bereich der Rührwelle, - FIG 4a
- schematisch im Längsschnitt im Wesentlichen die Rührwerkskugelmühle aus
FIG 1a mit einer dynamischen Trenneinrichtung, welche mit der Rührwelle gekoppelt ist und die als Nut in die Rührwelle eingebrachte Rückführkanäle aufweist, die Ausnehmungen der Trenneinrichtung axial erweitern, und einem zusätzlichen dynamischen Element, - FIG 4b
- schematisch die Rührwerkskugelmühle aus
FIG 4a im Querschnitt im Bereich der Trenneinrichtung und im Bereich der Rührwelle, - FIG 5
- schematisch im Längsschnitt eine Rührwerkskugelmühle mit einer dynamischen Trenneinrichtung, welche mit der Rührwelle gekoppelt ist und als Nut in die Rührwelle eingebrachten Rückführkanäle aufweist, die Ausnehmungen der Trenneinrichtung axial erweitern, wobei die Rückführkanäle schraubenförmig um die Rührwelle verlaufen,
- FIG 6
- schematisch im Längsschnitt eine Rührwerkskugelmühle mit einer dynamischen Trenneinrichtung, welche mit der Rührwelle gekoppelt ist und die einen als Nut in die Rührwelle eingebrachten Rückführkanal aufweist, die eine Ausnehmungen der Trenneinrichtung axial erweitert, wobei der Rückführkanal schraubenförmig um die Rührwelle verläuft,
- FIG 7
- schematisch im Längsschnitt eine Rührwerkskugelmühle mit einer dynamischen Trenneinrichtung, welche mit der Rührwelle gekoppelt ist und die eine als Nut in die Rührwelle eingebrachten Rückführkanal aufweist, die eine Ausnehmungen der Trenneinrichtung axial erweitert, wobei der Rückführkanal und die Ausnehmung in der Trenneinrichtung schraubenförmig um die Rührwelle verlaufen,
- FIG 8
- schematisch im Querschnitt eine Rührwelle mit beispielhaft gezeigten Ausführungsformen der erweiterten Ausnehmung der Rührwelle und
- FIG 9
- schematisch im Querschnitt eine Rührwelle, bei der die Mahlelemente als Mahlscheiben mit einer zentrumsnahen Öffnung ausgebildet und zwischen den Mahlscheiben Distanzbuchsen angeordnet sind.
- FIG 1a
- schematically in longitudinal section an agitator ball mill with a dynamic separating device which is coupled to the agitator shaft and which has return channels introduced as a groove in the agitator shaft, which axially expand the recesses of the separating device,
- FIG 1b
- schematically the agitator ball mill
FIG 1a in the cross section in the area of the separating device and in the area of the agitator shaft, - FIG 2a
- schematically in longitudinal section essentially the agitator ball mill
FIG 1a with a dynamic separating device which is coupled to the agitator shaft and which has return channels introduced as a groove in the agitator shaft, which axially expand the recesses of the separating device, the recess in the separating device being connected to the return channel via a bore, - FIG 2b
- schematically the agitator ball mill
FIG 2a in the cross section in the area of the separating device and in the area of the agitator shaft, - FIG 3a
- schematically in longitudinal section an agitator ball mill with a dynamic separating device, which is coupled to the agitator shaft and which has return channels introduced into the agitator shaft as a groove and bore, which axially expand the recesses of the separating device,
- FIG 3b
- schematically the agitator ball mill
FIG 3a in the cross section in the area of the separating device and in the area of the agitator shaft, - FIG 4a
- schematically in longitudinal section essentially the agitator ball mill
FIG 1a with a dynamic separating device which is coupled to the agitator shaft and which has return channels introduced as a groove in the agitator shaft, which axially expand the recesses of the separating device, and an additional dynamic element, - FIG 4b
- schematically the agitator ball mill
FIG 4a in the cross section in the area of the separating device and in the area of the agitator shaft, - FIG 5
- schematically in longitudinal section an agitator ball mill with a dynamic separating device which is coupled to the agitator shaft and has return channels introduced as a groove in the agitator shaft, which axially widen the recesses of the separating device, the return channels running helically around the agitator shaft,
- FIG 6
- schematically in longitudinal section an agitator ball mill with a dynamic separating device which is coupled to the agitator shaft and which has a return channel introduced as a groove in the agitator shaft, which axially expands a recesses of the separating device, the return channel running helically around the agitator shaft,
- FIG 7
- schematically in longitudinal section an agitator ball mill with a dynamic separating device, which is coupled to the agitator shaft and which has a return channel introduced as a groove in the agitator shaft, which axially expands a recess in the separating device, the return channel and the recess in the separating device running helically around the agitator shaft ,
- FIG 8
- schematically in cross section a stirrer shaft with exemplary embodiments of the enlarged recess of the stirrer shaft and
- FIG 9
- schematically in cross section a stirrer shaft, in which the grinding elements are designed as grinding disks with an opening close to the center and spacer bushings are arranged between the grinding disks.
Die Rührwerkskugelmühle 2 gemäß
Einem Produktauslasskanal 20 ist eine als Sieb 22 ausgebildete statische Trenneinrichtung vorgeschaltet. Die nutförmigen Ausnehmungen 18 in der Rührwelle 8 verlaufen achsparallel zur Drehachse der Rührwelle 8 und bilden Rückführkanäle 18 für die Mahlhilfkörper. Die Rückführkanäle 18 und die Ausnehmungen 16 in der Trenneinrichtung 14 gehen ineinander über, sodass beim Betrieb der Mühle 2 die Mahlhilfkörper über die Rückführkanäle 18 in Richtung Produkteinlass ausweichen können, zurück in die Mahlkammer gelangen und somit verteilt werden.A static separating device designed as a
Die Rührwerkskugelmühle 2 ist so konstruiert, dass das zu vermahlende Gut über den Einlasskanal 12 mittels einer hier nicht dargestellten Pumpe kontinuierlich in den Mahlbehälter 4 befördert wird und in der Mahlkammer 10 zusammen mit den Mahlhilfskörpern axial in Richtung Auslasskanal 20 strömt und dabei gemahlen wird. Im Bereich der Trenneinrichtung 14 strömt das Mahlgut mit den Mahlkörpern durch die Ausnehmungen 16 in der Trenneinrichtung 14 hindurch. Das Mahlgut verlässt über den Auslasskanal 20 den Mahlbehälter 4 und die Mahlhilfskörper werden aufgrund der durch die rotierende Trenneinrichtung 14 auf die Mahlhilfskörper wirkenden Zentrifugalkräfte radial nach außen bewegt. Das kontinuierlich beförderte Mahlgut-Mahlhilfskörper-Gemisch strömt aber von außen von der Mahlkammer 10 aus kommend in die Ausnehmungen 16 der Trenneinrichtung 14 ein, weshalb die Rückströmung der Mahlhilfskörper behindert wird. Daraus resultierend strömen die Mahlhilfkörper in den Rückführkanal 18 in der Rührwelle 8 ein und werden dann durch die ebenfalls rotierende Rührwelle 8 weiterhin beschleunigt und zurück in die Mahlkammer 10 befördert.The
In
Eine Rührwerkskugelmühle 2 mit einer wie in
Eine Rührwerkskugelmühle 2 mit einer Rührwelle 8 mit in axialer Richtung schraubenförmig verlaufenden Rückführkanälen 18, welche als Nut in die Rührwelle 8 eingebracht sind, ist in
In
Der Rückführkanal 18 könnte aber auch schraubenförmig bis über die Trenneinrichtung 14 weitergeführt eingebracht sein. Eine derartige Ausführungsform ist in
Die
Mahlscheiben 38 als Mahlelemente mit mindestens einer zentrumsnahen Öffnung 40 sind in
Jede Mahlscheibe 38 in den
In der Praxis hat sich gezeigt, dass durch die zentrumsnahe Anordnung der Öffnungen 40, die Mahlhilfskörper besonders effektiv zurück in die Mahlkammer transportiert werden.In practice it has been shown that the arrangement of the
In
Die
Die Rührwerkskugelmühle 2 ist spezifisch auf eine effektive Verteilung der Mahlhilfskörper in der Mahlkammer 10 ausgerichtet. Indem die Mahlhilfskörper in axialer Richtung entlang der Rührwelle 8 von der Trenneinrichtung 14 zurück in die Mahlkammer 10 befördet werden, wird eine erhöhte Konzentration von Mahlhilfskörpern im Bereich der Trenneinrichtung 14 verhindert.The
Des Weiteren wird auch unvermahlenes Produkt, das zentrumsnah entlang der Rührwelle 8 vom Einlassbereich der Rührwerkskugelmühle 2 in axialer Richtung hin zur Trenneinrichtung 14 strömt, in radialer Richtung zurück in die Mahlkammer 10 befördert, in einen äußeren effektiveren Mahlbereich hinein. Bei einer Rührwerkskugelmühle 2 mit Mahlscheiben 38 kommt dieser Effekt insbesondere bei Mahlscheiben 38 mit einer radialen Ausnehmung 48 zum Tragen, da unvermahlenes Produkt besonders durch die Ausnehmungen 48 in der Mahlscheibe 38 in axialer Richtung zentrumsnah zurückströmen kann. Die Gefahr, dass dadurch unvermahlenes Produkt bis in den Auslasskanal 20 gelangt, wird durch die Pumpwirkung der Distanzbuchsen 42 minimiert.Furthermore, unmilled product that flows close to the center along the
- 0202
- RührwerkskugelmühleAgitator ball mill
- 0404
- MahlbehälterGrinding container
- 0606
- MahlelementeGrinding elements
- 0808
- RührwelleAgitator shaft
- 1010
- MahlkammerGrinding chamber
- 1212
- EinlasskanalInlet port
- 1414th
- Dynamische TrenneinrichtungDynamic separator
- 1616
- Ausnehmungen TrenneinrichtungRecesses separating device
- 1818th
- Ausnehmungen RührwelleRecesses agitator shaft
- 2020th
- AuslasskanalOutlet duct
- 2222nd
- SiebSieve
- 2424
- Längswände axial verlaufendLongitudinal walls running axially
- 2626th
- Bohrung in der TrenneinrichtungHole in the separator
- 2828
- Bohrung in der RührwelleHole in the agitator shaft
- 3030th
- Zusätzliches dynamisches ElementAdditional dynamic element
- 3232
- Auslassseitiger EndabschnittOutlet-side end section
- 3434
- Spaltgap
- 3636
- WandungWall
- 3838
- MahlscheibeGrinding disc
- 4040
- Öffnung (zentrumsnahe-)Opening (close to the center)
- 4242
- DistanzbuchsenSpacers
- 4444
- Öffnungswand (untere-)Opening wall (lower)
- 4646
- Fläche DistanzbuchseSpacer sleeve surface
- 4848
- Ausnehmung MahlscheibeGrinding disc recess
Claims (10)
- Agitator ball mill (2) having a grinding vessel (4) in which there is arranged an agitator shaft (8) provided with grinding elements (6), whereby there is formed between the grinding vessel (4) and the agitator shaft (8) a grinding chamber (10) into which the grinding elements (6) extend, into which at least one inlet channel (12) for grinding stock opens and in which a dynamic separator (14) for auxiliary grinding bodies is provided, wherein the separator (14) is provided with recesses (16) for grinding stock/auxiliary grinding body mixture to flow through and for recycling auxiliary grinding bodies, and the agitator shaft (8) is provided with at least one recess (18) which enlarges the separator (14) and extends in the axial direction into the grinding chamber (10), wherein the recess (18) is in the form of a flow channel and the flow channel (18) is introduced at least in sections into the agitator shaft (8) in the form of a groove,
characterised in that
the recess (18) of the agitator shaft (8) is connected to the recess (16) in the separator (14) and enlarges it. - Agitator ball mill (2) according to claim 1,
characterised in that the region of the recesses (16) of the dynamic separator is smaller in the axial direction than the region with the extended recess (18). - Agitator ball mill (2) according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that the enlarging recess (18) runs axis-parallel with the axis of rotation of the agitator shaft (8). - Agitator ball mill (2) according to claim 1,
characterised in that the enlarging recess (18) at least in sections runs helically around the axis of rotation of the agitator shaft (8). - Agitator ball mill (2) according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that the enlarging recess (18) extends substantially over the entire length of the agitator shaft (8). - Agitator ball mill (2) according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that the flow channel (18) is introduced at least in sections into the agitator shaft (8) in the form of an axial bore (28). - Agitator ball mill (2) according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that the number of flow channels (18) corresponds to the number of recesses (16) of the separator (14). - Agitator ball mill (2) according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that multiple flow channels (18) run parallel to one another. - Method for grinding with an agitator ball mill (2), in which grinding stock is supplied via an inlet channel (12) and conveyed in a grinding chamber (10) formed between an agitator shaft (8) and a grinding vessel (4) in the direction towards a dynamic separator (14), wherein auxiliary grinding bodies contained in the grinding stock are transported in the radial direction back into the grinding chamber (10) by means of the separator (14),
characterised in that
the auxiliary grinding bodies additionally flow into the grinding chamber (10) through a portion of the agitator shaft (8) that enlarges the separator (14). - Method according to claim 9, in which an outlet location or outlet region of the auxiliary grinding bodies is adjusted by adjusting and coordinating the agitator shaft speed, the cross-sectional shape of the recesses (18) and/or the orientation of the enlarging recesses (18).
Priority Applications (1)
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PL14752251T PL3019276T3 (en) | 2013-07-08 | 2014-06-25 | Agitator ball mill with axial channels |
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DE102013107190 | 2013-07-08 | ||
PCT/DE2014/000330 WO2015003676A1 (en) | 2013-07-08 | 2014-06-25 | Stirred ball mill having axial ducts |
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EP3019276B1 true EP3019276B1 (en) | 2020-11-25 |
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US (2) | US10610871B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3019276B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2016528032A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20160029825A (en) |
CN (1) | CN204170782U (en) |
BR (1) | BR112016000066B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102013111762A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2845601T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL3019276T3 (en) |
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CN201950477U (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2011-08-31 | 宝钢集团常州轧辊制造公司 | Tool used for machining Sendzimir roller wobbler |
CN202202545U (en) * | 2011-06-23 | 2012-04-25 | 徐仁春 | Outer sleeve type exhaust pipeline connecting device |
DE102012013279A1 (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2014-01-09 | Roland Nied | Method for operating a stirred ball mill and agitator ball mill therefor |
DE102013021756A1 (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-25 | Netzsch Trockenmahltechnik Gmbh | Mahlkörpermühle and operating method for it |
PL3311921T3 (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2019-03-29 | Willy A. Bachofen Ag | Agitator ball mill |
ES2713001T3 (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2019-05-17 | Bachofen Willy A Ag | Ball mill |
-
2013
- 2013-10-25 DE DE102013111762.7A patent/DE102013111762A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2014
- 2014-06-25 KR KR1020167002942A patent/KR20160029825A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2014-06-25 BR BR112016000066-8A patent/BR112016000066B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2014-06-25 RU RU2016103790A patent/RU2663485C2/en active
- 2014-06-25 WO PCT/DE2014/000330 patent/WO2015003676A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-06-25 JP JP2016524684A patent/JP2016528032A/en active Pending
- 2014-06-25 EP EP14752251.0A patent/EP3019276B1/en active Active
- 2014-06-25 ES ES14752251T patent/ES2845601T3/en active Active
- 2014-06-25 PL PL14752251T patent/PL3019276T3/en unknown
- 2014-07-04 CN CN201420370455.8U patent/CN204170782U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2015
- 2015-12-22 US US14/978,763 patent/US10610871B2/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-08-07 US US16/534,476 patent/US11141737B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE19510807A1 (en) * | 1994-03-24 | 1995-09-28 | Netzsch Erich Holding | Stirrer grinder with grinding chamber |
JP2011147866A (en) * | 2010-01-20 | 2011-08-04 | Nippon Coke & Engineering Co Ltd | Medium agitation type wet pulverizer |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR112016000066B1 (en) | 2021-11-16 |
DE102013111762A1 (en) | 2015-01-08 |
KR20160029825A (en) | 2016-03-15 |
RU2663485C2 (en) | 2018-08-06 |
US20160107163A1 (en) | 2016-04-21 |
CN204170782U (en) | 2015-02-25 |
US10610871B2 (en) | 2020-04-07 |
EP3019276A1 (en) | 2016-05-18 |
WO2015003676A1 (en) | 2015-01-15 |
RU2016103790A (en) | 2017-08-11 |
PL3019276T3 (en) | 2021-05-17 |
US11141737B2 (en) | 2021-10-12 |
ES2845601T3 (en) | 2021-07-27 |
JP2016528032A (en) | 2016-09-15 |
US20190358639A1 (en) | 2019-11-28 |
BR112016000066A2 (en) | 2017-07-25 |
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