EP3008389A1 - Bouclier thermique pour chambre de combustion de turbine à gaz et briques de bouclier thermique pour un tel bouclier thermique - Google Patents

Bouclier thermique pour chambre de combustion de turbine à gaz et briques de bouclier thermique pour un tel bouclier thermique

Info

Publication number
EP3008389A1
EP3008389A1 EP14781492.5A EP14781492A EP3008389A1 EP 3008389 A1 EP3008389 A1 EP 3008389A1 EP 14781492 A EP14781492 A EP 14781492A EP 3008389 A1 EP3008389 A1 EP 3008389A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat shield
structures
hot
side surfaces
support structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14781492.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Claus Krusch
Volker Vosberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP3008389A1 publication Critical patent/EP3008389A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/007—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel constructed mainly of ceramic components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/02—Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
    • F23M2900/05002—Means for accommodate thermal expansion of the wall liner

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat shield, in particular for arrangement in a combustion chamber of a gas turbine.
  • the invention also relates to a heat shield brick which can be used as part of the heat shield and to a combustion chamber and a gas turbine comprising the combustion chamber, wherein the combustion chamber is lined at least in regions with one of the ⁇ like heat shield.
  • heat shields In many technical applications of heat shields verwen- det which hot gases from 1,000 to 1,600 degrees resist Müs ⁇ sen.
  • gas turbines such as those used in power-generating power plants and in aircraft engines, have correspondingly large surfaces to be shielded by heat shields in the interior of the combustion chambers.
  • the heat shield Because of the thermal expansion and because of large dimensions, the heat shield must be composed of a plurality of individual, generally ceramic heat shield bricks, which are spaced from each other with a sufficient gap attached to a support structure by means of holding elements. This gap offers the heat shield bricks, which can also be called heat shield elements, sufficient space for thermal expansion.
  • a generic heat shield thus comprises a supporting structure and a number of heat shield stones, which are attached to the
  • Each of the heat shields has a cold side facing the support structure and a hot side which is opposite the cold side and can be charged with a hot medium.
  • the cold side and the hot side are connected by side surfaces of the heat shield ⁇ stone.
  • the expansion gaps between the heat shield bricks have a minimum width.
  • the generic heat shield can be provided for the lining of a combustion chamber of a gas turbine.
  • the support structure extends on the inside of a combustion chamber wall of the combustion chamber.
  • the heat shield stones are attached in circumferential rows to the support structure.
  • the axially extending gaps between the heat shield bricks may also be referred to as circumferential gaps.
  • the expansion gaps extending in the circumferential direction-that is to say around a longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber-can also be referred to as axial gaps.
  • Combustion chamber are injected cooling air.
  • the guided past the combustion cooling air worsens the exhaust ⁇ values of the gas turbine.
  • the measure is also not suffi ⁇ accordingly.
  • hot gas is introduced. This leads to a scaling of the supporting ⁇ structure and the holding elements, so that it can lead to a loss of individual heat shield bricks in the worst case, which can cause turbine damage when it enters the turbine area.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a heat shield of the type mentioned, with which a scaling of the support structure can be avoided or reduced.
  • a heat shield of the type mentioned in that the mutually ⁇ facing side surfaces of at least two adjacent heat shield bricks are formed at least partially structured, so that the structures of the mutually facing side surfaces mesh with each other such that at least one Part of the structures with structures of the opposite side surface in the longitudinal direction of the side surfaces overlap, so that the extending between the side surfaces of the expansion gaps due to overlapping structures Minim ⁇ least partially in its length changes direction.
  • the formation of the side surfaces according to the invention prevents or reduces the formation of a hot gas stream which dips in between the two side surfaces, so that the region of the support structure arranged beneath the interlocking structures is protected against hot gas intake.
  • the adjacent side surfaces are formed with such interlocking structures along all circumferential gaps. This prevents a hot gas intake over the entire length of the expansion gaps.
  • the direction of the longitudinal extent of the expansion column changes by means of the overlapping
  • the structured regions of the side surfaces are preferably arranged opposite one another.
  • the structures may be, for example, undulating elevations of the side surfaces whose wavefronts are perpendicular to the hot side, so that one on the opposite
  • the structured area of the side surface Starting from the hot side over the entire length of the Be ⁇ ten projects extends, the course of the expansion column between the two heat shield bricks considered snake-shaped from the hot side. This prevents immersion of a hot strip between the two at the level of the hot side
  • the wavy shape of the structure is not a preferred embodiment of the invention. Since the expansion column in its longitudinal extent in the region of the overlapping wave crests changes direction continuously and does not have a bent course, forming a hot gas strand is made more difficult and hot gas intake in the region of the overlapping structures is reduced. He is not completely stopped. For this reason, it may be preferred provided that the direction of the expansion gaps in the area of the overlapping structures at least partially located substantially changed abruptly än ⁇ . A substantially abrupt change in direction can be achieved, for example, with angular structures.
  • the expansion column then has regions in its longitudinal extent egg ⁇ nen kinked curve, wherein at a kink, the change in direction can be referred to as substantially abrupt. In contrast, the curve in a curve has a continuous change of direction.
  • the structured areas are regularly structured, so that the expansion gaps between the side surfaces change the direction at least in some regions in their longitudinal extent regularly and / or in a regular sequence.
  • the expansion gaps at the level of the overlapping structures may have a zigzag-shaped course in the longitudinal direction, so that the expansion gaps change in their longitudinal extent, for example, the direction 5 to 20 times along the sides ⁇ surfaces of the two heat shield bricks.
  • the distance between see two changes of direction should be chosen so short that can form over the length of in one direction durau ⁇ fenden gap portion substantially no dipping into this section of the expansion column hot gas stream.
  • the structured regions extend substantially over the entire length of the side surfaces.
  • the structured regions extending essentially over the entire length of the side surface may extend over the entire height of the side surfaces or in each case only in a band of lesser width extending over the length of the side surface.
  • the overlapping but arranged on opposite side surfaces structures then prevent formation and immersion of a hot gas strand between the two heat shield bricks to the support structure.
  • the structured regions extend essentially from the hot side to a first height in the direction of the cold side.
  • This embodiment of the invention prevents formation of a dipping between the two heat shield bricks Hotgassträhne already at the height of the hot side.
  • the Ausgestal ⁇ tion may preferably be provided to arrange engaging devices for the holding elements between the cold side and the ers ⁇ th height on the side surface.
  • engaging devices for the holding elements between the cold side and the ers ⁇ th height on the side surface.
  • NEN two pockets for each holding a head of a holding element in the region between the cold side and the first height in the side surface to be arranged.
  • the structured regions additionally extend from the first height with the recess being cut away in the direction of the cold side.
  • the structures each comprise a sequence of bar web-shaped elevations arranged in parallel and extending along the side surface, so that an elevation of the opposite side surface projects in each case between two adjacent elevations.
  • This embodiment of the invention can be produced particularly easily.
  • the web-shaped elevations extend perpendicular to the hot side along the side surface.
  • the web-shaped elevations thus overlap in the longitudinal direction of the side surfaces.
  • the web-shaped elevations have a triangular cross-section.
  • the expansion column thus follows a zigzag-shaped course in the longitudinal direction in the region of the intermeshing web-shaped elevations. It can also be considered advantageous that the web-shaped elevations have a rectangular cross-section.
  • This embodiment of the invention allows a directional change of the longitudinal extent of the expansion gaps by 180 degrees, where ⁇ is particularly effectively avoided by forming a hot gas strand immersed between the overlapping pinnacles. It may also be considered advantageous that
  • the side surfaces and / or at least part of the structures with structures of the opposite side surface are additionally formed overlapping perpendicular to the hot side.
  • the oppositely arranged structured regions of the two side surfaces may, for example, extend from the hot side to a first height, wherein the mutually facing side surfaces at the first height additionally form a step extending over the entire length of the side surface, once in the direction of the opposite side surface protrudes and opposing resigns.
  • the structured regions have longitudinally overlapping structures and the side surfaces additionally overlap in a direction perpendicular to the support structure. This additionally complicates a hot gas intake between the inventively designed side surfaces.
  • This additional overlap in a direction perpendicular to the support structure can also be realized directly with the interlocking structures.
  • the web-shaped elevations of claim 7 extend at an angle to the longitudinal direction along the side surface. For example, at an angle of 45 degrees in Wesentli ⁇ chen to the longitudinal direction.
  • the parallel elevations of this embodiment overlap both in the longitudinal direction and perpendicular to the hot side / support structure. As a result, a hot gas intake between the two soflä ⁇ Chen also difficult.
  • the additional overlap in a direction perpendicular to the hot side can be realized, for example, with the web-shaped elevations of claim 8.
  • the web-shaped elevations are even between the hot side and the cold side all arranged at the same height along a cross section in the longitudinal direction shifted by a land width, so that the interlocking elevations also overlap in a direction perpendicular to the support structure.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention may provide that at least the running in the axial direction of the circumferential gaps of the heat shield of heat shield side surfaces are limited, include the structured areas ge ⁇ Gurss any one of claims 1 to 11. This prevents hot gas in the circumferential gaps over the entire length of the columns.
  • the heat shield bricks are generally mounted in circumferential rows, with the heat shield bricks of one row being pushed up against the already mounted heat shield bricks of the row during assembly. Between the heat shield bricks of a row run the inventively formed circumferential gaps.
  • the heat shield bricks can be any forms ⁇ same edge, wherein each patterned regions are arranged on the opposite side surfaces of a heat shield which could interlock. However, it is also possible to arrange two different types of heat shield stones alternately in a row, wherein the heat shields have identical structures on their opposite side surfaces.
  • the heat shield bricks In order to form the axial gaps according to the invention, the heat shield bricks would have to be fixed in a mounting movement perpendicular to the support structure. A sliding past the heat shield stones is not possible in this case. It but could be advantageously provided to form the side surfaces along the axial gaps in a direction perpendicular to the hot side / support structure overlapping. This formation of the side surfaces can be pushed past one another.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a heat shield of the type mentioned, with which
  • Scaling of the support structure can be avoided or reduced.
  • At least one side surface of the heat shield block is structured at least in regions, so that the heat shield stone is used as part of the heat shield according to one of claims 1 to 12.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a combustion chamber of the aforementioned type and a gas turbine with at least one such combustion chamber, with which a Verzun- tion of the support structure can be avoided or reduced.
  • the combustion chamber comprises a heat shield according to one of claims 1 to 12 and the gas turbine at least one combustion ⁇ chamber according to claim 14.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a gas turbine according to the prior art in a longitudinal section
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic section of a heat shield according to the prior art in a plan view
  • 3 shows schematically a section of a heat shield ge ⁇ Mäss a first embodiment of the invention in a plan view
  • FIG. 4 shows a heat shield brick according to the invention in a schematic representation and a perspective view according to a second exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 5 shows the heat shield brick shown in FIG. 4 in an arrangement together with a further heat shield brick according to the invention in a perspective view.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a gas turbine 1 according to the prior art.
  • the gas turbine 1 has inside a rotatably mounted about a rotation axis 2 rotor 3 with a shaft 4, which is also referred to as a turbine runner.
  • a turbine runner which is also referred to as a turbine runner.
  • the combustion chambers 10 each include a burner assembly 11 and a housing 12, which is designed to protect against hot gases is lined with a heat shield 20.
  • the combustion system 9 communicates with a beispielswei ⁇ ring hot gas channel.
  • There are several hinterei ⁇ Nander turbine stages form the turbine 14.
  • Each Turbi ⁇ nenage is formed of blade rings. Viewed in the flow direction of a working medium follows in the hot runner formed by a number 17 vanes row formed from blades 18 row.
  • the guide vanes 17 are secured to an inner housing of a stator 19 while the rotor blades 18 ⁇ a number, for example, by means of a Turbi ⁇ nenrace on the rotor 03 are mounted.
  • Coupled to the rotor 3 is, for example, a generator (not shown).
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail of a heat shield 20 ge ⁇ Mäss the prior art in a schematic view and in a plan view.
  • the heat shield 20 has a support structure 22, is arranged on the egg ⁇ ne number of heat shield elements 24 substantially coverage while leaving expansion gaps.
  • the expansion gaps designated with axial gap 28 extend in the peripheral direction U.
  • the longitudinal extent 27 of the axial gaps 28 also has in the peripheral direction U.
  • the ⁇ be recorded with the circumferential gap 26 in the axial direction expansion gaps extend A.
  • the heat shield bricks 24 have a hot side 32 which can be acted upon by hot gases, a cold side facing the support structure 22 (not visible in the figure) and side surfaces 34 connecting the hot side to the cold side.
  • the heat shield bricks 24 on the support structure extend in the support structure 22 in the circumference - direction fixing grooves.
  • this holding elements 30 are slidably disposed, which engage with a holding head in the circumferential gaps 26 delimiting side surfaces 34 of the heat shield bricks 32.
  • the side surface 34a at ⁇ way of example the longitudinal direction thereof is connected to the double arrow 38a knows ⁇ Lich made.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a section of a heat shield 40 according to the invention.
  • the facing side surfaces of two adjoining heat shield bricks 42 and 44 are structurally structured in accordance with the invention, so that the structures 46 of the opposing side surfaces interlock with one another in such a way that the structures of one side engage with one another overlap the structures of the other side in the longitudinal direction 48 of the side surfaces, so that the extending between the side surfaces Dehnspalte 26a due to the overlapping ⁇ structures 46 between the heat shield bricks 44 and 42 in its longitudinal extent repeatedly changes the direction.
  • the structured regions of the mutually facing side surfaces extend over the entire length 50 of the two side surfaces.
  • the heat shield bricks 42 and 44 have on their side faces facing structures 46 which consist of a series of parallel web-like elevations 52 which extend perpendicular to the hot side 32 along the side surfaces, so that in each case between two adjacent elevations 52 a Ridge 52 protrudes the opposite side surface.
  • the web-like elevations 52 have a rectangular cross section, so that the expansion gaps the height of the hot side has 26a in its portion between the at ⁇ the heat shield bricks 42 and 44 a zinnenförmigem course with abrupt changes of direction in the longitudinal direction of the side surfaces. If the web-shaped elevations 52 extend up to the cold side, the circumferential gap 26a thus repeatedly changes the direction in its longitudinal extent on the section between the two heat shield bricks at any height between cold and hot sides. This prevents immersion of a hot gas stream in the circumferential gap in the area between the heat shield bricks 42 and 44th
  • FIG. 4 shows a heat shield brick 56 according to the invention with a hot side 32, which can be charged with hot gases opposite cold side 58 and the hot side with the cold side connecting side surfaces 60, wherein a side surface 60a is formed according to the invention.
  • the side surface 60a includes a structured region 62 that extends along the entire length of the side surface 60a and from the hot side 32 to a first height 64 along the side surface.
  • the textured region 62 is re ⁇ lar structure, the structures being arranged 66 parallel by a sequence of, web-like elevations are formed 68, which extend on the side surface along 60a and perpendicular to the hot side 32 to the side surface 60a along run.
  • the web-shaped elevations 68 have a triangular cross-section.
  • the structured region 62 additionally extends from the first height 64, with the exception of regions in the cold side.
  • the recessed areas are engagement means 70 for holding members (not shown).
  • the side surface 60b may be formed similarly to the side surface 60a, wherein the web-shaped projections 68 but in the longitudinal direction 72 of the side surfaces 60a, 60b are arranged displaced by a width of the projection 68 on the side surface 60b, so that a number of heat ⁇ tiled bricks, all according to the heat shield brick 56 are formed, can be strung together in a row according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows the heat shield brick 56 of FIG. 4 adjacent to a heat shield brick 56a, which is formed the same as the heat shield brick 56.
  • the mutually facing side surfaces 60a, 60b are structured according to the invention, so that the structures 66 of the mutually facing side surfaces 60a, 60b engage in one another such that the structures of one side overlap with the structures of the other side in the longitudinal direction 72 of the side surfaces that the expansion gaps 74 extending between the side surfaces has a zigzag-shaped course in the longitudinal direction 72 and, in this case, changes the direction in a regular sequence abruptly due to the overlapping structures 66 in their longitudinal extent. This prevents when the hot-melt te 32 with flowing in the longitudinal direction 72 hot gas training and immersing a hot strand in the expansion column 74th

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un bouclier thermique (20, 40) comportant une structure porteuse (22) et un certain nombre de briques de bouclier thermique (24, 42, 44, 56, 56a) disposées sensiblement sur toute la surface de la structure porteuse en laissant des fentes de dilatation (26a, 74) entre les briques de bouclier thermique. Les briques de bouclier thermique comportent chacune une face chaude (32) qui peut être exposée à des gaz chauds, une face froide (58) tournée vers la structure porteuse (22) et des faces latérales (34, 34a, 60a, 60b, 60) qui relient la face chaude à la face froide. Le bouclier thermique selon l'invention permet d'éviter ou de réduire le calaminage de la structure porteuse. A cet effet, les faces latérales (34, 34a, 60a, 60b, 60) tournées l'une vers l'autre sont au moins par endroits réalisées de manière structurée par au moins deux briques de bouclier thermique (42, 44) adjacentes l'une à l'autre de sorte que les structures (46, 66) des faces latérales opposées s'emboîtent l'une dans l'autre de manière à ce qu'une partie des structures se chevauchent avec des structures de la face opposée dans la longueur (38a, 48, 72) des faces latérales et de telle sorte que la fente de dilatation (26a, 74) qui s'étend entre les faces latérales change de direction au moins par endroits dans sa dilatation longitudinale (27) en raison des structures qui se chevauchent.
EP14781492.5A 2013-09-30 2014-09-29 Bouclier thermique pour chambre de combustion de turbine à gaz et briques de bouclier thermique pour un tel bouclier thermique Withdrawn EP3008389A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013219777 2013-09-30
PCT/EP2014/070774 WO2015044413A1 (fr) 2013-09-30 2014-09-29 Bouclier thermique pour chambre de combustion de turbine à gaz et briques de bouclier thermique pour un tel bouclier thermique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3008389A1 true EP3008389A1 (fr) 2016-04-20

Family

ID=51663154

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14781492.5A Withdrawn EP3008389A1 (fr) 2013-09-30 2014-09-29 Bouclier thermique pour chambre de combustion de turbine à gaz et briques de bouclier thermique pour un tel bouclier thermique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3008389A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN105531542A (fr)
WO (1) WO2015044413A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4114768A1 (de) * 1990-05-17 1991-11-21 Siemens Ag Keramischer hitzeschild fuer eine heissgasfuehrende struktur
US5636508A (en) * 1994-10-07 1997-06-10 Solar Turbines Incorporated Wedge edge ceramic combustor tile
DE19730751A1 (de) * 1996-07-24 1998-01-29 Siemens Ag Keramisches Bauteil für eine Wärmeschutzschicht sowie Wärmeschutzschicht
EP1561997A1 (fr) * 2004-01-27 2005-08-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Bouclier thermique
EP1715249A1 (fr) * 2005-04-19 2006-10-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elément de bouclier thermique et chambre de combustion avec un bouclier thermique
EP2522907A1 (fr) * 2011-05-12 2012-11-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Agencement de bouclier thermique

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *
See also references of WO2015044413A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2015044413A1 (fr) 2015-04-02
CN105531542A (zh) 2016-04-27

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