EP3004415A1 - Coated component - Google Patents

Coated component

Info

Publication number
EP3004415A1
EP3004415A1 EP14728424.4A EP14728424A EP3004415A1 EP 3004415 A1 EP3004415 A1 EP 3004415A1 EP 14728424 A EP14728424 A EP 14728424A EP 3004415 A1 EP3004415 A1 EP 3004415A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
component
chromium
layer
thickness
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14728424.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bertram Haag
Yashar Musayev
Walter Holweger
Toni BLAß
Tim Matthias Hosenfeldt
Arbogast Grunau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Original Assignee
Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG filed Critical Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Publication of EP3004415A1 publication Critical patent/EP3004415A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/62Selection of substances
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/14Metallic material, boron or silicon
    • C23C14/16Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
    • C23C14/165Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon by cathodic sputtering
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/58After-treatment
    • C23C14/5806Thermal treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/58After-treatment
    • C23C14/5846Reactive treatment
    • C23C14/5853Oxidation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/58After-treatment
    • C23C14/5846Reactive treatment
    • C23C14/586Nitriding
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/64Special methods of manufacture
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2202/00Solid materials defined by their properties
    • F16C2202/02Mechanical properties
    • F16C2202/04Hardness
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/40Alloys based on refractory metals
    • F16C2204/44Alloys based on chromium
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2206/00Materials with ceramics, cermets, hard carbon or similar non-metallic hard materials as main constituents
    • F16C2206/40Ceramics, e.g. carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides of a metal
    • F16C2206/42Ceramics, e.g. carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides of a metal based on ceramic oxides
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2206/00Materials with ceramics, cermets, hard carbon or similar non-metallic hard materials as main constituents
    • F16C2206/40Ceramics, e.g. carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides of a metal
    • F16C2206/58Ceramics, e.g. carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides of a metal based on ceramic nitrides
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/30Coating surfaces
    • F16C2223/60Coating surfaces by vapour deposition, e.g. PVD, CVD
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/40Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
    • F16C2240/60Thickness, e.g. thickness of coatings
    • F16C2240/64Thickness, e.g. thickness of coatings in the nanometer range
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/31Wind motors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coated component made of steel, in particular Wölzlagerbauteil, wherein the Beschg ting has chromium. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing such a coating on a metallic substrate.
  • a coated watzlagerbauteil is known for example from DE 0 2009 023 818 A1.
  • a nickel alloy is provided, which is produced by a chemical deposition method and has a thickness of about 2 pm.
  • a structured Chfom solid particle layer with a crack network is known.
  • Festetoffp are stored.
  • the layer is produced electrolytically and should be suitable for piston rings.
  • a multi-layer, electro-deposited chromium layer is known, for example, from DE 10 2009 045 889 A1.
  • the thickness of individual layer layers amounts to, for example, a maximum of 7 pm, in particular a maximum of 3 pm.
  • the layers may contain foreign ions such as carbide, Contain molybdenum, vanadium or tungsten ions.
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • the PVD (phyaical vapor depoeition) processes can essentially be built up from carbon and are also referred to as DLC (diamond-clear carbon scat.)
  • DLC diamond-clear carbon scat.
  • An example of such a coating is disclosed in DE 10 2006 029 415 A1
  • a support layer containing, for example, chromium.
  • the invention has for its object to further develop a coating of a metallic component, for example Wharmlagerbauteits, in particular with regard to the properties relevant in cooperation mil lubricants.
  • the coated component has a metallic substrate and a chromium feed of less than 2 ⁇ m deposited thereon in the PVD process. No further damage is done to the chrome layer. However, it is formed on the component surface, that is on the surface of the chrome layer, a compound of chromium and at least one other element. This compound is produced either as part of the production process of the components or only after the pre-commissioning of the prey by the prevailing operating conditions, in particular exposure to lubricant. The thickness of the chromium layer is practically not increased by the connection with the further element.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that lubricants in the rolling bearing technology can have both positive and negative effects on the life of a bearing. Negative effects are conceivable in particular by decomposition products or by-products of lubricants.
  • Hydrogen may play a role in welding metallurgies on the surface of metallic components.
  • Atomic hydrogen is incorporated in the galvanic Abschekjung a metal layer process-related in the metal layer, whereby a diffusion of hydrogen in the base material is possible.
  • the layer thickness to very low values of a maximum of 2 pm, preferably less than 1 pm. particularly preferably less than 500 nm, limited, wherein the layer is not produced wet-chemically, but is deposited from the gas phase.
  • the chromium layer deposited from the gas phase is always referred to simply as a PVD layer, with the result that it is delimited by a layer deposited from an aqueous phase.
  • layers which have undergone CVD (chemical vapor deposition), PA-CVD (physical assisiated chemical vapor deposition) method, or the O-CVD (metal organic chemical vapor deposition) method are prepared, are among the In all cases, this coating has the advantage that it forms a crack-free barrier against environmental influences, in particular against hydrogen ..
  • the chromium oxide which forms as a surface layer, forms an integral part of the coating of the component, which can increase in the course of the operation of the component, whereby the entire coating remains as a chromium layer referred to as.
  • the coating chamber is at the end of the coating process, which takes place in a coating chamber at a temperature between 130 "C and 160'C, preferably at a temperature of about 150 * C, vented to the surface of the ready-finished
  • aeration is also understood to mean the addition of a synthetic, oxygen-containing gas mixture or of pure oxygen specified temperature range at the conclusion of the coating process for the formation of an extremely thick and dense oxide layer, which prevents any adverse interaction with harmful elements or compounds of a lubricant during operation of the thus coated BauteilHs, in particular bearing component.
  • nitrogen can also connect to the chromium layer as a further element, in which case chromium nitride is formed as a particularly resistant barrier against environmental influences.
  • the chromium nitride is in the context of the formation of the total designated as chromium layer PVD coating, for example, by a reactive PVD sputtering applied, preferably, the chromium nitride nanokristallkn in the coating in the form of various Cr, phases before.
  • the proportion of Cr 2 N bonds is preferably more than 70%.
  • the hardness of the coating of chromium and at least one compound which contains at least one further element other than chromium is between 800 and 1200 HV 0.3.
  • the coating is preferably at least 100 nm thick.
  • the process for producing a coating regardless of the technical field of application, comprises the following features:
  • rolling stock. is made of a metallic substrate, - On the substrate by means of vapor deposition a Chromsc light is applied with a thickness of less than 2 pm, which forms the Werk Swissoberflöche and not further coated.
  • the chromium layer is produced directly on the base material without an intermediate layer and can be overridden in the rolling bearing application field.
  • the workpiece is, for example, a bearing ring or a rolling element of a bearing of a wind turbine.
  • Fig. 1 a according to the invention coated with chromium in the PVD method
  • a in Fig. 1 generally designated by the reference numeral 1 component, namely WälzJagerbautell, for example, inner ring, outer ring or Wäfek ⁇ rper is made of a metallic base material, also referred to as a substrate 2, prepared on soft a Beschtehtung 3 is upright,
  • the coating 3 consists largely of chromium and is produced in the PVD process.
  • a chromium oxide layer 4 which flows from an underlying layer directly to the base material, namely bearing steel.
  • 100Cr6 or M50NIL is to be distinguished from adjacent chrome layer 5.
  • the thickness of the chromium oxide layer 4 in relation to the total thickness of the coating 3 is shown in FIG. 1 not shown to scale.
  • the total thickness of the coating 3 is 1 to 2 pm.
  • the coating 3 has neither defects nor elevations, for example in the form of so-called droplets.
  • the Chromoxidschictit 4 is an impermeable barrier. Even with a slight, not up to the base material protruding injury of the coating 3 whose protective effect is permanently maintained, since a new chromium oxide layer 4 as Diffusionsbamere on the component 1 is formed.
  • the effect of the coating 3 is given in addition to their function as a barrier layer by katar table effect.
  • the protective effect of the coating 3 is due not only to the ChromoxkJschlcht 4, but also to the fact that due to the production of the coating 3 by A separation from the gas phase, in contrast to galvanically generated layers no hydrogen In the coating 3 is installed.
  • any hydrogen atoms present in the coating will diffuse into the component 1.
  • the structure of a conventional, electrochemical wear protection layer ⁇ is in Fig. 2 in a representation analog Flg. 1 illustrates.
  • the wear protection layer 6 has cracks 7. At least part of these cracks 7 goes to the base material 2 (substrate).
  • wear protective layer ⁇ environmental influences, especially in the form of hydrogen 8, attack freely on the base material 2 of the component 1. There is no mechanism to stop such influences.
  • Flg. 8 Plotted in the form of dots there is a significant, harmful amount of hydrogen 8 Within the wear protection layer 6.
  • This hydrogen 8 diffuses over time in the substrate 2 and degreased there its damaging effect, which ultimately, together with other influences, in particular mechanical Stress, can lead to WEC.
  • Such a damage mechanism is reliably avoided with the coating according to FIG. 1.
  • the coating 3 of the component 1, which consists mainly of chromium, of the component 1 according to FIG. 1 can be subjected to high mechanical loads and permanently connected to the substrate 2, without the risk of spalling.
  • the hardness of the coating 3 is 800 to 1200 HV 0.05.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a coated component, in particular to a rolling bearing part, comprising a metallic substrate (2), and a PVD coating (3), which is applied to the substrate (2), consisting of chromium and having a thickness of less than 2 μm, wherein the PVD coating (3) forms the surface of the component, and a compound of chromium and at least one further element is formed on said component surface.

Description

Bezeichnung der Erfindung  Name of the invention
Beschichtet«* Bauteil Coated «* component
Beschreibung description
Gebiet der Erfindung Field of the invention
Die Erfindung betrifft ein beschichtetes Bauteil aus Stahl, insbesondere Wölzlagerbauteil, wobei die Besch ich tu ng Chrom aufweist. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Beschichtung auf einem metallischen Substrat. The invention relates to a coated component made of steel, in particular Wölzlagerbauteil, wherein the Beschg ting has chromium. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing such a coating on a metallic substrate.
Hintergrund der Erfindung Ein beschich tes Watzlagerbauteil ist beispielsweise aus der DE 0 2009 023 818 A1 bekannt. Als Beschichtung ist in diesem Fall eine Nickellegierung vorgesehen, weiche durch ein chemisches Abscheideverfahren erzeugt wird und eine Dicke von ca. 2 pm aufweist. Aus der DE 10 2008 017 270 B3 ist eine strukturierte Chfom-Feststoffpartikel- Schicht mit einem Rissnetzwerk bekannt. In welches Festetoffpartikel eingelagert sind. Die Schicht wird elektrolytisch hergestellt und soll für Kolbenringe geeignet sein. Eine mehrlagige, elektrorytisch abgeschiedene Chromschicht ist zum Beispiel aus der DE 10 2009 045 889 A1 bekannt. Die Dicke einzelner Schichtlagen betragt hierbei beispielsweise maximal 7 pm, insbesondere maximal 3 pm. Zusätzlich zu Chrom können die Schichtlagen Fremdionen wie Carbid, Molybdän-, Vanadium- oder Wolfram-Ionen enthalten. Die Möglichkeit, Schutzschichten durch physikalische Gasphasenabscheidung (PVD) zu erzeugen, ist In der DE 10 2009 045 889 A1 ebenfalls erwähnt. Jedoch sei dieses Herstellungsverfahren wegen der Tatsache, dass es aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen lediglich für für dünne Schichten im Bereich einiger Manometer bis hin zu einigen Mikrometern In Betracht käme, für die Herstellung von Verschleißschutzschichten nicht zu empfehlen. Background of the Invention A coated watzlagerbauteil is known for example from DE 0 2009 023 818 A1. As a coating, in this case, a nickel alloy is provided, which is produced by a chemical deposition method and has a thickness of about 2 pm. From DE 10 2008 017 270 B3 a structured Chfom solid particle layer with a crack network is known. In which Festetoffpartikel are stored. The layer is produced electrolytically and should be suitable for piston rings. A multi-layer, electro-deposited chromium layer is known, for example, from DE 10 2009 045 889 A1. The thickness of individual layer layers amounts to, for example, a maximum of 7 pm, in particular a maximum of 3 pm. In addition to chromium, the layers may contain foreign ions such as carbide, Contain molybdenum, vanadium or tungsten ions. The possibility of producing protective layers by physical vapor deposition (PVD) is also mentioned in DE 10 2009 045 889 A1. However, due to the fact that, for economic reasons, it would only be possible for thin layers ranging from a few gauges to a few micrometers, this production method is not recommended for the production of wear-resistant coatings.
Verschleißschutzschlchten. die Im PVD (phyaical vapour depoeition)-Verfahren abgeschieden werden, können im Wesentlichem aus Kohlenstoff aufgebaut sein und werden auch als DLC (diamond llke carbon Sc ichte bezeichnet. Ein Beispiel einer solchen Besch ich tu ng ist In der DE 10 2006 029 415 A1 offenbart. Zwischen der Kohlenstoffschicht und dem Grundwerkstoff kann sich eine Stützschlcht befinden, welche beispielsweise Chrom enthalt. Verschleißschutzschlchten. The PVD (phyaical vapor depoeition) processes can essentially be built up from carbon and are also referred to as DLC (diamond-clear carbon scat.) An example of such a coating is disclosed in DE 10 2006 029 415 A1 Between the carbon layer and the base material there may be a support layer containing, for example, chromium.
Aufgabe der Erfindung Object of the invention
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Beschichtung eines metallischen Bauteils, beispielsweise Wätzlagerbauteits, insbesondere hinsichtlich der in Zusammenwirkung mil Schmierstoffen relevanten Eigenschaften weiterzuentwickeln. The invention has for its object to further develop a coating of a metallic component, for example Wätzlagerbauteits, in particular with regard to the properties relevant in cooperation mil lubricants.
Zusammenfassung der Erfindung Summary of the invention
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch ein beschichtetes Bauteil mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Beschichtung mit der» Merkmalen des Anspruchs 9. Im Folgenden im Zusammenhang mit dem Bauteil erläuterte Ausgestaltungen und Vorteile der Erfindung gelten sinngemäß auch für das Herstellungsverfahren und umgekehrt. Das beschichtete Bauteil weist ein metallisches Substrat sowie eine hierauf Im PVD-Verfahren aufgebrachte Beschickung aus Chrom mit einer Stärke von weniger als 2 um auf. Auf die Chromschicht wird keine weitere Besch ich tu ng aufgebrecht. Es wird jedoch an der Bauteiloberfläche, das heißt an der Oberfläche der Chromechicht, eine Verbindung aus Chrom und mindestens einem weiteren Element gebildet. Diese Verbindung wird entweder Im Rahmen des HersteJIungsprozesses dee Bauteile oder erst nach der Inbetriebnahme des Beuteiis durch die herrschenden Betriebsbedingungen, insbesondere Beaufschlagung mit Schmiermittel, erzeugt Die Dicke der Chromschicht wird durch die Verbindung mit dem weiteren Element praktisch nicht erhöht. This object is achieved by a coated component having the features of claim 1 and by a method for producing a coating with the »features of claim 9. In the following explained in connection with the component embodiments and advantages of the invention apply mutatis mutandis to the manufacturing process and vice versa. The coated component has a metallic substrate and a chromium feed of less than 2 μm deposited thereon in the PVD process. No further damage is done to the chrome layer. However, it is formed on the component surface, that is on the surface of the chrome layer, a compound of chromium and at least one other element. This compound is produced either as part of the production process of the components or only after the pre-commissioning of the prey by the prevailing operating conditions, in particular exposure to lubricant. The thickness of the chromium layer is practically not increased by the connection with the further element.
Die Erfindung geht von der Überlegung aus, dass Schmierstoffe in der Wälzlagertechnik sowohl positive als auch negative Auswirkungen auf die Lebensdauer eines Lagers haben können. Negative Auswirkungen sind insbesondere durch Abbauprodukte oder Atterungsprodukte von Schmierstoffen denkbar. The invention is based on the consideration that lubricants in the rolling bearing technology can have both positive and negative effects on the life of a bearing. Negative effects are conceivable in particular by decomposition products or by-products of lubricants.
Bei SchWIgungsmechanternen an der Oberflache von metallischen Bauteilen kann Wasserstoff eine Rolle spielen. Atomarer Wasserstoff wird bei der galvanischen Abschekjung einer Metallschicht prozessbedingt in die Metallschicht eingebaut, wobei auch eine Diffusion von Wasserstoff in den Grundwerkstoff möglich Ist. Zusätzlich sind während des laufenden Betriebes des Bauteils Einflüssen durch naszlerenden Wasserstoff denkbar. Schädigungsmechanismen durch Wasserstoff werden in der Wälzlagertechnik mit sogenannten weiß anätzenden Rissen oder Bereichen (WEC = white etching cracks; WEA = white etchlng areas) In Verbindung gebracht. Auf diese Thematik wird beispielsweise In dem Dokument WO 2009/065515 A2 eingegangen. Hydrogen may play a role in welding metallurgies on the surface of metallic components. Atomic hydrogen is incorporated in the galvanic Abschekjung a metal layer process-related in the metal layer, whereby a diffusion of hydrogen in the base material is possible. In addition, during operation of the component influences by nascent hydrogen are conceivable. Hydrogen damage mechanisms are associated in rolling bearing technology with so-called white etching cracks (WEC = white etching cracks). This topic is discussed, for example, in the document WO 2009/065515 A2.
Während nach dem genannten Stand der Technik die Widerstandsfähigkeit einer metallischen Beschichtung, insbesondere Chrombeschichtung, durch Erhöhung der Schichtdicke, durch einen mehrlagigen Aufbau, oder durch den Einbau von zusätzlichen Beschichtungsbestandteilen optimiert werden soll, ist nach der Erfindung die Schichtdicke auf sehr geringe Werte von maximal 2 pm, vorzugsweise weniger als 1 pm. besonders bevorzugt weniger als 500 nm, beschrankt, wobei die Schicht nicht nasschemisch erzeugt, sondern aus der Gasphase abgeschieden wird. While according to the cited prior art, the resistance of a metallic coating, in particular chromium coating, by increasing the layer thickness, by a multilayer structure, or by the Installation of additional coating components is to be optimized according to the invention, the layer thickness to very low values of a maximum of 2 pm, preferably less than 1 pm. particularly preferably less than 500 nm, limited, wherein the layer is not produced wet-chemically, but is deposited from the gas phase.
Die aus der Gasphase abgeschiedene Chromschioht wird im vorliegenden Fall vereinfachend stets als PVD-Schicht bezeichnet, womit sie von einer aus einer wässrigen Phase abgeschiedenen Schicht abgegrenzt wird. Auch Schichten, die nach dem CVD (chemical vapour deposition)- erfahren, dem PA-CVD (physical assisied chemical vapour deposltion}- Verfahren, oder dem O-CVD (metal organic chemical vapour deposltton)-Verfahren hergestellt sind, werden demnach unter den Begriff .PVD-Beschichtung" subsumiert. In allen Fällen hat diese Beschichtung den Vorteil, dass sie eine rissfreie Barriere gegen Umwelteinflüsse, insbesondere gegen Wasserstoff, bildet. Überraschenderwelse hat sich gezeigt, dass die geringe Schichtdicke von unter 2 pm selbst unter extremen Umgebungsbedingungen eine ausreichende Schutzwirkung bietet. An der Beschichtunc^berflache kann das Chrom mit von außen einwirkendem Sauerstoff Chromoxid bHden. Das als Randschicht entstehende Chromoxid bildet einen integralen Bestandteil der Beschichtung des Bauteils, welcher im Laufe des Betriebs des Bauteils anwachsen kann, wobei die gesamte Beschichtung weiterhin als Chromschicht bezeichnet wird. In the present case, the chromium layer deposited from the gas phase is always referred to simply as a PVD layer, with the result that it is delimited by a layer deposited from an aqueous phase. Also, layers which have undergone CVD (chemical vapor deposition), PA-CVD (physical assisiated chemical vapor deposition) method, or the O-CVD (metal organic chemical vapor deposition) method are prepared, are among the In all cases, this coating has the advantage that it forms a crack-free barrier against environmental influences, in particular against hydrogen .. Surprisingly, it has been shown that the small layer thickness of less than 2 pm, even under extreme environmental conditions The chromium oxide, which forms as a surface layer, forms an integral part of the coating of the component, which can increase in the course of the operation of the component, whereby the entire coating remains as a chromium layer referred to as.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Verfahrensführung wird gegen Ende des Beschichtungsprozesses, welcher in einer Beschichtungskammer stattfindet, die Beschichtungskammer bei einer Temperatur zwischen 130"C und 160'C, insbesondere bei einer Temperatur von ca. 150*C, belüftet, um an der Oberfläche der bereite fertiggestellten Chromschicht gezielt Chromoxid zu bilden. Unter einer Belüftung wird In diesem Zusammenhang auch die Zugabe einer synthetischen, Sauerstoff enthaltenden Gasmischung oder von reinem Sauerstoff verstanden. In jedem Fall sorgt die Sauerstoffzugabe im angegebenen Temperaturbereich beim Abschluss des Beschichtungsvorganges für die Entstehung einer extrem dicken und dichten Oxidschicht, welche im Betrieb des damit beschichteten BauteHs, insbesondere Lagerbauteils, jegliche nachteilige Wechselwirkung mit schädigenden Elementen oder Verbindungen aus einem Schmierstoff unterbindet. According to an advantageous process management, the coating chamber is at the end of the coating process, which takes place in a coating chamber at a temperature between 130 "C and 160'C, preferably at a temperature of about 150 * C, vented to the surface of the ready-finished In this context, aeration is also understood to mean the addition of a synthetic, oxygen-containing gas mixture or of pure oxygen specified temperature range at the conclusion of the coating process for the formation of an extremely thick and dense oxide layer, which prevents any adverse interaction with harmful elements or compounds of a lubricant during operation of the thus coated BauteilHs, in particular bearing component.
Ansteile von Sauerstoff kann auch Stickstoff als weiteres Element mit der Chromschicht eine Verbindung eingehen, wobei in diesem Fall Chromnitrid als besonders widerstandsfähige Barriere gegenüber Umwelteinflüssen gebildet wird, In addition to oxygen, nitrogen can also connect to the chromium layer as a further element, in which case chromium nitride is formed as a particularly resistant barrier against environmental influences.
Das Chromnitrid ist im Rahmen der Bildung der insgesamt als Chromschicht bezeichneten PVD-Beschichtung beispielsweise durch ein reaktives PVD- Sputterverfahren aufgebracht, Vorzugsweise liegt das Chromnitrid in der Beschichtung nanokristallkn in Form verschiedener Cr , Phasen vor. Der Anteil der Cr2N-Bindungen betragt hierbei vorzugsweise über 70%. Weitere vorteilhafte Merkmale von Cn , Phasen, wie sie an der Oberfläche der PVD- Beschichtung herstellbar sind, sind zum Beispiel In der DE 10 2004 043 550 B4 offenbart The chromium nitride is in the context of the formation of the total designated as chromium layer PVD coating, for example, by a reactive PVD sputtering applied, preferably, the chromium nitride nanokristallkn in the coating in the form of various Cr, phases before. The proportion of Cr 2 N bonds is preferably more than 70%. Further advantageous features of Cn, phases, as can be produced on the surface of the PVD coating, are disclosed, for example, in DE 10 2004 043 550 B4
In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung beträgt die Harte der Beschichtung aus Chrom und mindestens einer Verbindung, welche außer Chrom mindestens ein weiteres Element enthalt, zwischen 800 und 1200 HV 0,3. Die Beschichtung ist vorzugsweise mindestens 100 nm dick. In a preferred embodiment, the hardness of the coating of chromium and at least one compound which contains at least one further element other than chromium is between 800 and 1200 HV 0.3. The coating is preferably at least 100 nm thick.
Das Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Beschichtung umfasst unabhängig vom technischen Anwendungsgebiet folgende Merkmale: The process for producing a coating, regardless of the technical field of application, comprises the following features:
- Ein Werkstück. Insbesondere Walziagerteil. wird aus einem metallischen Substrat gefertigt, - auf das Substrat wird mittels Gasphasenabscheidung eine Chromsc icht mit einer Stärke von weniger als 2 pm aufgebracht, welche die Werkstückoberflöche bildet und nicht weiter beschichtet wird. Die Chromschicht wird ohne Zwischenschicht direkt auf dem Grundwerkstoff erzeugt und ist - im Anwendungsgebiet Wälzlager - überrotlbar. Bei dem Werkstück handelt es sich beispielsweise um einen Lagerring oder einen Wälzkörper eines Lagers einer Windkraftanlage. Ein besonderer Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens liegt neben den herausragenden Schutzelgenschaften der Be Schichtung in der Tatsache, dass durch den Beschichtungsvorgang die Abmessungen des Werkstücks nur in äußerst geringem Maße geändert werden. Die Besch ich tung wird beispielsweise durch Sputtem aufgebracht Im Gegensatz zu elektrochemischen Beschichtungsverfahren hat dies zusätzlich zur Rissfreiheit der Schicht den Vorteil, dass die Schichtdicke an verschiedenen Bereichen der Oberfläche des Werkstücks kaum von der Werkstückgeometrie, beispielsweise Kanten, abhängig ist. Nachfolgend wird ein Ausfuhrungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Hierin zeigen jeweils ausschnittsweise in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung: - A workpiece. In particular rolling stock. is made of a metallic substrate, - On the substrate by means of vapor deposition a Chromsc light is applied with a thickness of less than 2 pm, which forms the Werkstückoberflöche and not further coated. The chromium layer is produced directly on the base material without an intermediate layer and can be overridden in the rolling bearing application field. The workpiece is, for example, a bearing ring or a rolling element of a bearing of a wind turbine. A particular advantage of the method according to the invention, in addition to the outstanding protective properties of the Be layering in the fact that the dimensions of the workpiece are changed by the coating process only to a very small extent. The coating is applied, for example, by sputtering. In contrast to electrochemical coating processes, this has the additional advantage, in addition to the crack-free layer, that the layer thickness at different areas of the surface of the workpiece hardly depends on the workpiece geometry, for example edges. An exemplary embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing. In each case, a detail in a schematic sectional view:
Kurze Beschreibung der Zeichnung Short description of the drawing
Fig. 1 ein erfindungsgemäß mit Chrom im PVD-Verfahren beschichtetes Fig. 1 a according to the invention coated with chromium in the PVD method
Baute«. Flg. 2 zum Vergleich ein Bauteil mit galvanisch erzeugter Chromschicht. Ausführliche Beschreibung der Zeichnung Built ". Flg. 2 For comparison, a component with galvanically generated chromium layer. Detailed description of the drawing
Ein in Fig. 1 insgesamt mit dem Bezugszeichen 1 gekennzeichnetes Bauteil, nämlich WälzJagerbautell, beispielsweise Innenring, Außenring oder WäfekÖrper, ist aus einem metallischen Grundwerkstoff, auch als Substrat 2 bezeichnet, hergestellt, auf weichen eine Beschtehtung 3 aufgebrecht ist, A in Fig. 1, generally designated by the reference numeral 1 component, namely WälzJagerbautell, for example, inner ring, outer ring or WäfekÖrper is made of a metallic base material, also referred to as a substrate 2, prepared on soft a Beschtehtung 3 is upright,
Die Beschichtung 3 besteht größtenteils aus Chrom und ist im PVD-Verfahren erzeugt. Die zunächst - unmittelbar nach der Herstellung - als Schicht aus reinem Chrom vorliegende Beschichtung 3 bildet auf ihrer Oberfläche, welche zugleich die Werkstückoberflache darstellt, mit Sauerstoff aus der Umgebung eine Chromoxidschicht 4, welche von einer darunter liegenden, direkt an den Grundwerkstoff, nämlich Wälzlagerstahl, beispielsweise 100Cr6 oder M50NIL, grenzenden Chromschlcht 5 zu unterscheiden ist Die Dicke der ChromoxkJschicht 4 in Relation zur Gesamtdicke der Beschichtung 3 ist in Flg. 1 nicht maßstablich dargestellt. Die Gesamtdicke der Beschichtung 3 beträgt 1 bis 2 pm. Dies gilt für ebene Oberflächenabschnitte des Bauteils 1 ebenso wie für gekrümmte O >erflachenabschnttte, auch mit engen Krümmungsradien von beispielsweise deutlich weniger als 1 mm. Die Beschichtung 3 weist weder Fehlstellen noch Erhebungen, etwa in Form sogenannter Droplets, auf. The coating 3 consists largely of chromium and is produced in the PVD process. The coating 3, initially present as a layer of pure chromium, immediately after production, forms on its surface, which at the same time represents the surface of the workpiece, a chromium oxide layer 4, which flows from an underlying layer directly to the base material, namely bearing steel. For example, 100Cr6 or M50NIL is to be distinguished from adjacent chrome layer 5. The thickness of the chromium oxide layer 4 in relation to the total thickness of the coating 3 is shown in FIG. 1 not shown to scale. The total thickness of the coating 3 is 1 to 2 pm. This applies to planar surface sections of the component 1 as well as to curved outer sections, even with narrow radii of curvature of, for example, significantly less than 1 mm. The coating 3 has neither defects nor elevations, for example in the form of so-called droplets.
Gegenüber schädigenden Umwelteinflüssen, insbesondere Wasserstoff, stellt die Chromoxidschictit 4 eine undurchlässige Barriere dar. Selbst bei einer geringfügigen, nicht bis zum Grundwerkstoff ragenden Verletzung der Beschichtung 3 bleibt deren Schutzwirkung dauerhaft erhalten, da sich eine neue Chromoxidschicht 4 als Diffusionsbamere auf dem Bauteil 1 ausbildet. Die Wirkung der Beschichtung 3 ist neben ihrer Funktion als Sperrschicht auch durch katar tische Wirkung gegeben. Die schützende Wirkung der Beschichtung 3 Ist nicht nur auf die ChromoxkJschlcht 4 zurückzuführen, sondern auch auf die Tatsache, dass aufgrund der Herstellung der Beschichtung 3 per A scheidung aus der Gasphase im Gegensatz zu galvanisch erzeugten Schichten kein Wasserstoff In die Beschichtung 3 eingebaut ist. Somit ist von vorn herein ausgeschlossen, dass etwaige in der Besch ich tu rtg befindlichen Wasserstoffatome In das Bauteil 1 eindiffundieren. Der Aufbau einer herkömmlichen, elektrochemischen Verschleißschutzschicht Θ ist In Fig. 2 in einer Darstellung analog Flg. 1 veranschaulicht. Im Unterschied zur Beschichtung 3 nach Fig. 1 weist die Verschleißschutzschicht 6 Risse 7 auf. Zumindest ein Teil dieser Risse 7 geht bis zum Grundwerkstoff 2 (Substrat). In den durch die Risse 7 gebildeten Unterbrechungen der Ve schleißschutzschicht Θ können Umwelteinflüsse, insbesondere in Form von Wasserstoff 8, ungehindert am Grundwerkstoff 2 des Bauteils 1 angreifen. Es Ist kein Mechanismus vorhanden, der derartige Einflüsse stoppt. Zusätzlich zum von außen einwirkenden Wasserstoff 8. in Flg. 8 In Form von Punkten eingezeichnet, existiert eine nennenswerte, schädliche Menge an Wasserstoff 8 Innerhalb der Verschleißschutzschicht 6. Dieser Wasserstoff 8 diffundiert im Laufe der Zeit in das Substrat 2 und entfettet dort seine schädigende Wirkung, die letztlich, zusammen mit anderen Einflüssen, insbesondere mechanischer Beanspruchung, zu WEC führen kann. Ein derartiger Schadensmechanismus wird mit der Beschichtung nach Fig. 1 zuverlässig vermieden. Gleichzeitig ist die hauptsächlich aus Chrom bestehende Beschichtung 3 des Bauteils 1 nach Fig. 1 mechanisch hoch belastbar und dauerhaft, ohne Gefahr von Abplatzungen, mit dem Substrat 2 verbunden. Die Härte der Beschichtung 3 beträgt 800 bis 1200 HV 0,05. Bei der Aufbringung der Beschichtung 3 im PVD-Verfahren ist das Bauteil 1 keinen relevanten thermischen Belastungen, etwa durch Überschreitung der Anlasstemperatur des Substrats 2, ausgesetzt. Die Beschichtung 3 wird im Laufe des Herstellungsprozesses weder mit einer weiteren Schutzschicht überzogen noch mechanisch nach bearbeitet. Bezugezeichenliste With respect to damaging environmental influences, in particular hydrogen, the Chromoxidschictit 4 is an impermeable barrier. Even with a slight, not up to the base material protruding injury of the coating 3 whose protective effect is permanently maintained, since a new chromium oxide layer 4 as Diffusionsbamere on the component 1 is formed. The effect of the coating 3 is given in addition to their function as a barrier layer by katar table effect. The protective effect of the coating 3 is due not only to the ChromoxkJschlcht 4, but also to the fact that due to the production of the coating 3 by A separation from the gas phase, in contrast to galvanically generated layers no hydrogen In the coating 3 is installed. Thus, it is excluded from the outset that any hydrogen atoms present in the coating will diffuse into the component 1. The structure of a conventional, electrochemical wear protection layer Θ is in Fig. 2 in a representation analog Flg. 1 illustrates. In contrast to the coating 3 according to FIG. 1, the wear protection layer 6 has cracks 7. At least part of these cracks 7 goes to the base material 2 (substrate). In the interruptions formed by the cracks 7 Ve wear protective layer Θ environmental influences, especially in the form of hydrogen 8, attack freely on the base material 2 of the component 1. There is no mechanism to stop such influences. In addition to the externally acting hydrogen 8. in Flg. 8 Plotted in the form of dots, there is a significant, harmful amount of hydrogen 8 Within the wear protection layer 6. This hydrogen 8 diffuses over time in the substrate 2 and degreased there its damaging effect, which ultimately, together with other influences, in particular mechanical Stress, can lead to WEC. Such a damage mechanism is reliably avoided with the coating according to FIG. 1. At the same time, the coating 3 of the component 1, which consists mainly of chromium, of the component 1 according to FIG. 1 can be subjected to high mechanical loads and permanently connected to the substrate 2, without the risk of spalling. The hardness of the coating 3 is 800 to 1200 HV 0.05. When applying the coating 3 in the PVD method, the component 1 is exposed to no relevant thermal loads, for example, by exceeding the tempering temperature of the substrate 2. In the course of the manufacturing process, the coating 3 is neither covered with a further protective layer nor processed mechanically. COVERS LIST
1 Bauteil 1 component
2 Substrat Grundwerkstoff  2 substrate base material
3 Beschreitung 3 strife
4 ChromoxkJschicht  4 chromium oxide layer
5 Chromschicht  5 chrome layer
6 Verachleifischutzschicht  6 Verachleifischutzschicht
7 Riss  7 crack
Θ Wasserstoff Θ hydrogen

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Beschichtetes Bauteil, mit 1. Coated component, with
- einem metallischen Substrat (2),  a metallic substrate (2),
• einer auf das Substrat (2) aufgebrachten PVD-Beschichtung (3) aus Chrom mit einer Stärke von weniger als 2 pm.  • a PVD coating (3) of chromium with a thickness of less than 2 μm applied to the substrate (2).
wobei die FVD-Beschichtung (3) die Oberflache des Bauteils bildet und an dieser BauteHoberflache eine Verbindung aus Chrom und mindestens einem weiteren Element gebildet Ist. wherein the FVD coating (3) forms the surface of the component and on this component surface a compound of chromium and at least one further element is formed.
2. Bauteil nach Anspruch 1, 2. Component according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das weitere Element Sauerstoff ist. characterized in that the further element is oxygen.
3. Bauteil nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, 3. Component according to claim 1 or 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das weitere Element Stickstoff ist. characterized in that the further element is nitrogen.
4. Bauteil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, 4. Component according to one of claims 1 to 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Härte der PVD-Beschichtung (3) mindestens 800 HV 0.05 beträgt. characterized in that the hardness of the PVD coating (3) is at least 800 HV 0.05.
5. Bauteil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, 5. Component according to one of claims 1 to 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Härte der PVD-Beschichtung (3) höchstens 1200 HV 0.05 beträgt. characterized in that the hardness of the PVD coating (3) is at most 1200 HV 0.05.
6. Bauteil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, 6. Component according to one of claims 1 to 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stärke der PVD-Beschichtung (3) weniger als 500 nm beträgt. characterized in that the thickness of the PVD coating (3) is less than 500 nm.
7. Bauteil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bi9 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stärke der PVD-Beschichtung (3) mehr als 100 nm beträgt 7. Component according to one of claims 1 bi9 6, characterized in that the thickness of the PVD coating (3) is more than 100 nm
8. Bauteil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, 8. Component according to one of claims 1 to 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieses als Wäteiagertell ausgebildet ist. characterized in that this is designed as Wäteiagertell.
9. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Beschichtung (3), mit folgenden Schritten: • Bereitstellung eines metallischen Substrats (2), 9. A method for producing a coating (3), comprising the following steps: • providing a metallic substrate (2),
- Aufbringen einer Chromschicht (5) mit einer Stärke von weniger als 2 pm auf dem Substrat (2) im PVD- Verfahren,  Applying a chromium layer (5) with a thickness of less than 2 μm on the substrate (2) in the PVD process,
wobei keine weitere Beschichtung der Chromschicht (5) erfolgt. wherein no further coating of the chromium layer (5) takes place.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9. 10. The method according to claim 9.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Aufbringen der Chromschicht (5) durch Sputtem erfolgt. characterized in that the application of the chromium layer (5) is effected by sputtering.
11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10. 11. The method according to claim 10.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an der Oberfläche der Chromschicht (5) während des Sputtems eine Verbindung mit Stickstoff gebildet wird. characterized in that a compound with nitrogen is formed on the surface of the chromium layer (5) during sputtering.
12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, 12. The method according to claim 9 or 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an der Oberfläche de* Chromschicht (5) durch Belüften einer Beschiohtungskammer bei einer Temperatur zwischen 130*C und 160"C eine Chromowdschicht gebildet wird, characterized in that at the surface de * chromium layer (5) is formed by a Chromowdschicht aerating a Beschiohtungskammer at a temperature between 130 * C and 160 "C,
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WO2014190984A1 (en) 2014-12-04
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JP2016524042A (en) 2016-08-12
DE102013209863A1 (en) 2014-12-04
CN105189809A (en) 2015-12-23

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