EP2986886B1 - Sealed and thermally insulated tank - Google Patents

Sealed and thermally insulated tank Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2986886B1
EP2986886B1 EP14726678.7A EP14726678A EP2986886B1 EP 2986886 B1 EP2986886 B1 EP 2986886B1 EP 14726678 A EP14726678 A EP 14726678A EP 2986886 B1 EP2986886 B1 EP 2986886B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plate
tank
primary
barrier
metal plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14726678.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2986886A2 (en
Inventor
Antoine PHILIPPE
Johan Bougault
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
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Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
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Publication of EP2986886A2 publication Critical patent/EP2986886A2/en
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Publication of EP2986886B1 publication Critical patent/EP2986886B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F17C3/027—Wallpanels for so-called membrane tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/30—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures
    • B63B27/34—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures using pipe-lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
    • B63B3/14—Hull parts
    • B63B3/16—Shells
    • B63B3/20—Shells of double type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/003—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for for transporting very large loads, e.g. offshore structure modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/54—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0354—Wood
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0631—Three or more walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/018—Supporting feet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/228—Assembling processes by screws, bolts or rivets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sealed and thermally insulating vessel; in particular, the present invention relates to tanks for containing cold liquids, for example tanks for the storage and / or transport by sea of liquefied gases.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • Such a tank has, for example, been described in the document FR-A-2887010 .
  • a vessel comprising a primary sealing barrier intended to be in contact with the product contained in said vessel, a secondary sealing barrier disposed between said primary sealing barrier and the carrier structure, a thermally-barrier primary insulation between the two sealing barrier, a secondary heat-insulating barrier between said secondary sealing barrier and said supporting structure, said vessel comprising primary and secondary retaining means for respectively retaining said elements of the primary and secondary insulating barriers on the supporting structure.
  • the primary retaining means are independent of the secondary holding means; turntables are retained on the panels of on top of the secondary heat insulating elements so as to retain the elements of the primary insulation barrier on the supporting structure via said secondary heat insulating elements.
  • the fixing means for fixing the primary heat insulating elements on the secondary barrier rest on the top of the bottom plate, which delimits the primary insulation blocks; in other words, the primary heat insulating element is tightened and strongly rubs against the secondary watertight barrier, which limits the possibility of a possible deflection between the primary insulation blocks and the secondary sealing barrier.
  • the document FR2798902 discloses a sealed and thermally insulating tank integrated in a ship-carrying structure according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • An idea underlying the invention is to provide a tight and insulating multilayer structure which leaves a freedom of movement of the insulation blocks of the primary element relative to the secondary element parallel to the carrier wall, although the primary blocks are retained relative to the carrier wall through the secondary insulating layer.
  • This aspect is particularly important when the waterproofing membranes are provided with corrugations in at least two orthogonal directions parallel to the sides of the insulation blocks to allow local dilations or contractions.
  • the invention provides a sealed and thermally insulating tank integrated in a structure which comprises a load-bearing wall, said tank comprising a tank wall fixed on said supporting wall, the tank wall comprising on the one hand, a primary element and, secondly, a secondary element disposed between the carrier wall and the primary element, each of the primary and secondary elements including, on the one hand, a thermal insulation barrier consisting of rectangular parallelepiped-shaped insulation blocks juxtaposed along rows; parallel and each delimited by two rigid plates substantially parallel to the carrier wall in the area where they are located, and, secondly, a sealing barrier disposed on each of the thermal insulation barriers, the barrier of thermal insulation of the secondary element being secured to the carrier wall, the thermal insulation barrier of the primary element being secured to the secondary element of the vessel by attachment means related to the thermal insulation barrier said secondary element, and for pressing the primary insulation blocks of the primary element of the vessel wall on the secondary insulation blocks of the secondary element of said vessel wall, said attachment means comprising: a metal plate fixed in a counterbore of
  • such a tank may further comprise one or more of the following characteristics.
  • an insulation block of a thermal insulation barrier comprises a layer of plastic foam sandwiched between two rigid insulating plates.
  • said hooking means comprise a connecting arm connecting said retaining zone of the plate with the projecting member, the connecting arm comprising a zone retainer engaged with a stack of spring washers engaged on the projecting member, the nut being screwed over the stack of spring washers.
  • each branch of the cruciform plate comprises a bending zone so that the maintenance of the primary insulation blocks is elastically.
  • the retaining zone of the metal plate comprises a threaded stud, welded to the metal plate which passes through an end portion of the connecting arm, and a nut cooperates with the thread of the stud to secure the end portion. from the link arm to the primary insulation block.
  • the plate of a primary insulation block comprises a disk disposed in the counterbore of the rigid plate of the primary insulation block, and a tab which protrudes out of the counterbore while remaining in the plane of the disc, the end of said tab constituting the plate retention zone, said zone supporting a stack of elastic washers engaged on the protruding member, the base of the stack of washers being a crenellated disk, whose slots allow the passage of said tab.
  • four adjacent primary insulation blocks each have at a corner adjacent to the other three primary insulation blocks a metal plate secured in a counterbore of a rigid plate of the primary insulation block. adjacent to the secondary sealing barrier, the counterbore being side of the secondary sealing barrier, said metal plate having in each case a centering pad directed towards the inside of each primary insulation block, said stud making it possible to thread in elastic washers surmounted by a perforating disc central on which is supported a hollow cylindrical foot centered on the centering pin, and wherein said hooking means comprise a counterplate to which are secured the four hollow cylindrical feet, each time by an end of the foot opposite to that which allows the centering on the stud, the counterplate having a central well and being put in place above the primary insulation blocks, the central well having its perforated bottom to ensure the passage of the projecting member, the base of which is secured to a plate screwed into a rigid plate of the secondary insulation block.
  • the sheets of the metal membrane each comprise at least two parallel orthogonal corrugations at the sides of the thermal insulation blocks, said corrugations being inserted into the interstices formed between the insulation blocks.
  • the adjacent metal sheets of a sealing barrier are welded overlap.
  • the invention therefore also relates to a vessel for the transport of a cold liquid product, which comprises a double hull and a tank as defined above arranged in the double hull.
  • the invention also provides a method of loading or unloading such a vessel, wherein a cold liquid product is conveyed through insulated pipelines from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
  • the invention also provides a transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating storage facility. or terrestrial and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
  • an insulating block of the thermal insulation barrier of the secondary element of a tank wall is designated an insulating block of the thermal insulation barrier of the secondary element of a tank wall.
  • This block has a length L and a width I, for example, respectively, 3 m and 1 m; it has a rectangular parallelepiped shape and is made of a polyurethane foam between two plates 2 a, 2 b of plywood.
  • One of the plates 2a is intended to come into vis-à-vis the supporting wall 3 with interposition of resin rods 4 for the catching of local defects of the supporting wall 3.
  • the plate 2 a is maintained on the supporting wall 3 by bonding by means of the resin beads 4, as well as by studs 9 welded to the carrier wall 3.
  • FIG. 1 it can be seen that, starting from the uncoated secondary insulating block shown at the top left of the figure and going obliquely to the right and to the bottom, the perspective shows a secondary insulating block 1, which is partially covered a sheet 11 constituting a part of the secondary sealing barrier of the vessel wall.
  • This metal sheet 11 has a substantially rectangular shape and it comprises, along each of two axes of symmetry of the rectangle, a corrugation 12a, respectively 12b.
  • the corrugations 12 a and 12 b form reliefs arranged in the direction of the supporting wall 3 and they are housed in the interstices 10 of the secondary insulating barrier.
  • the adjacent metal sheets of the sealing barriers of the primary and secondary elements are welded overlap the right of connecting strips carried respectively by the thermal insulation barriers of the primary and secondary elements.
  • the attachment means on the thermal insulation barrier of the primary element are arranged at the intersection of the two connecting strips of each insulation block of the secondary element and pass through the level of the sealing barrier of the secondary element without rising to the level of the sealing barrier of the primary element.
  • Said hooking means are studs 8, the base of which is welded to the connecting strips of the secondary element, which pass through the sealing barrier of the secondary element in the vicinity of the overlapping welding zone of two adjacent plates.
  • the intermediate parts being interposed between, on the one hand, a nut cooperating with the threading provided at the free end of the stud and, on the other hand, the protruding parts of the plates of the insulation blocks.
  • the metal sheets can be made of invar®, whose coefficient of thermal expansion is typically between 1.5 ⁇ 10 -6 and 2.10 -6 K -1 ; they then have a thickness of between about 0.7 mm and about 0.4 mm.
  • the metal sheets are made of a manganese-based alloy having a coefficient of thermal expansion substantially equal to 7.10 -6 K -1 .
  • Such an alloy is generally less expensive than alloys with high nickel content such as invar®.
  • This insulation block 13 has a general structure, which is similar to that of block 1, that is to say it is a sandwich made of a polyurethane foam between two wood plates plywood.
  • the bottom plate 13a bears on a metal plate 11.
  • figure 1 shows, when moving from an element 13 obliquely downward and to the right, the establishment of a metal sheet 15 constituting the sealing barrier of the primary element of the tank.
  • This sheet 15 may be made of stainless steel with a thickness of about 1.2 mm; it comprises corrugations along the axes of symmetry of the rectangle that it constitutes, as already indicated for the metal sheets 11. These corrugations can be raised on the side of the carrier wall 3, but they can also be embossed towards inside the tank; these undulations have been designated by 16 a , 16 b .
  • the corrugations 16a, 16b are directed towards the interior of the vessel.
  • a disk-shaped metal plate 301 is held under the four adjacent corners of four adjacent primary insulation blocks.
  • the disk 301 is placed in a countersink 302 of the rigid plate 303 of a primary insulating block adjacent to the sealing barrier 304.
  • the linking arm 305 makes a mechanical connection of the disk 301 with the central pin 310, this connection being obtained by means of a threaded stud 306 on which is screwed a nut 307 which bears on the distal end of the arm 305 via a washer 308.
  • the stud 306 is welded to its base on the disc 301.
  • the arm link 305 comprises, as the distance of the pin 306 has a bend 309, which allows to bring to a lower level to form the area retaining zone 309 of the arm 305.
  • the retaining zone 309 is traversed by a projecting member 310 which is welded by its base on a plate 312 placed in a countersink of the rigid plate 313, which delimits a secondary insulating block on the side where is the sealing barrier 304.
  • the projecting member 310 is a stud whose free end is threaded to cooperate with a nut 314 with the interposition of a stack of resilient washers 311. The tightening of the nut 314 can be pressed the primary insulation block 315 on the secondary insulating barrier. It is clear that the retention of the primary insulation barrier is effected, in this variant, from below the rigid bottom plates of the primary insulation blocks 315.
  • the attachment means represented correspond to a variant of those which have been described in FIG. figure 3 .
  • the four connecting arms form a plate is cruciform.
  • the figure 3 shows these attachment means in the area where there are four adjacent primary insulating blocks.
  • a disk 401 is disposed in a counterbore of the rigid bottom plate of a primary insulation block, bottom plate which is close to the sealing barrier.
  • the plate designated 416 as a whole, comprises a cross whose central zone is traversed by a protruding member 408 b formed as for the previous embodiment, a stud bolt at its free end: this thread cooperates with a nut 409 b and stud base 408 b is attached to secondary insulating blocks by a plate (not shown) screwed on the rigid plates of the secondary insulation blocks; the cruciform plate 416 is secured to the rigid plate of the primary insulation blocks 13 by the ends of its four arms through a bolting 197 bearing on the disk 401 inserted in prefabrication in a countersink of each rigid plate of the four blocks of primary insulation 13 adjacent.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Description

La présente invention se rapporte à une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante ; en particulier, la présente invention se rapporte à des cuves destinées à contenir des liquides froids, par exemple des cuves pour le stockage et/ou le transport par voie maritime de gaz liquéfiés.The present invention relates to a sealed and thermally insulating vessel; in particular, the present invention relates to tanks for containing cold liquids, for example tanks for the storage and / or transport by sea of liquefied gases.

Des cuves étanches et thermiquement isolantes peuvent être utilisées dans différentes industries pour stocker des produits chauds ou froids. Par exemple, dans le domaine de l'énergie, le gaz naturel liquéfié (GNL) est un liquide qui peut être stocké à pression atmosphérique à environ -163°C dans des cuves de stockage terrestres ou dans des cuves embarquées dans des structures flottantes.Waterproof and thermally insulating vessels can be used in different industries to store hot or cold products. For example, in the energy field, liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a liquid that can be stored at atmospheric pressure at about -163 ° C in land-based storage tanks or tanks embedded in floating structures.

Une telle cuve a été, par exemple, décrite dans le document FR-A-2887010 . Dans ce document, on décrit une cuve comprenant une barrière d'étanchéité primaire destinée à être en contact avec le produit contenu dans ladite cuve, une barrière d'étanchéité secondaire disposée entre ladite barrière d'étanchéité primaire et la structure porteuse, une barrière thermiquement isolante primaire entre les deux barrière d'étanchéité, une barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire entre ladite barrière d'étanchéité secondaire et ladite structure porteuse, ladite cuve comprenant des moyens de retenue primaires et secondaires pour retenir respectivement lesdits éléments des barrières isolantes primaire et secondaire sur la structure porteuse. Les moyens de retenue primaire sont indépendants des moyens de retenue secondaire ; des platines sont retenues sur les panneaux de dessus des éléments calorifuges secondaires de manière à retenir les éléments de la barrière d'isolation primaire sur la structure porteuse par l'intermédiaire desdits éléments calorifuges secondaires. Il convient de noter que, dans cette réalisation, les moyens de fixation pour fixer les éléments calorifuges primaires sur la barrière secondaire, prennent appui sur le dessus de la plaque de fond, qui délimite les blocs d'isolation primaire ; en d'autres termes, l'élément calorifuge primaire est serré et frotte fortement contre la barrière étanche secondaire, ce qui limite la possibilité d'un éventuel débattement entre les blocs d'isolation primaire et la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire.Such a tank has, for example, been described in the document FR-A-2887010 . In this document, there is described a vessel comprising a primary sealing barrier intended to be in contact with the product contained in said vessel, a secondary sealing barrier disposed between said primary sealing barrier and the carrier structure, a thermally-barrier primary insulation between the two sealing barrier, a secondary heat-insulating barrier between said secondary sealing barrier and said supporting structure, said vessel comprising primary and secondary retaining means for respectively retaining said elements of the primary and secondary insulating barriers on the supporting structure. The primary retaining means are independent of the secondary holding means; turntables are retained on the panels of on top of the secondary heat insulating elements so as to retain the elements of the primary insulation barrier on the supporting structure via said secondary heat insulating elements. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the fixing means for fixing the primary heat insulating elements on the secondary barrier, rest on the top of the bottom plate, which delimits the primary insulation blocks; in other words, the primary heat insulating element is tightened and strongly rubs against the secondary watertight barrier, which limits the possibility of a possible deflection between the primary insulation blocks and the secondary sealing barrier.

Le document FR2798902 décrit une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante intégrée dans une structure porteuse de navire selon le préambule de la revendication 1.The document FR2798902 discloses a sealed and thermally insulating tank integrated in a ship-carrying structure according to the preamble of claim 1.

Une idée à la base de l'invention est de fournir une structure multicouche étanche et isolante qui laisse une liberté de mouvement des blocs d'isolation de l'élément primaire par rapport à l'élément secondaire parallèlement à la paroi porteuse, bien que les blocs primaires soient retenus par rapport à la paroi porteuse par l'intermédiaire de la couche isolante secondaire. Cet aspect est particulièrement important lorsque les membranes d'étanchéité sont munies d'ondulations selon au moins deux directions orthogonales parallèles aux côtés des blocs d'isolation pour permettre des dilatations ou contractions locales.An idea underlying the invention is to provide a tight and insulating multilayer structure which leaves a freedom of movement of the insulation blocks of the primary element relative to the secondary element parallel to the carrier wall, although the primary blocks are retained relative to the carrier wall through the secondary insulating layer. This aspect is particularly important when the waterproofing membranes are provided with corrugations in at least two orthogonal directions parallel to the sides of the insulation blocks to allow local dilations or contractions.

Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante intégrée dans une structure qui comporte une paroi porteuse, ladite cuve comportant une paroi de cuve fixée sur ladite paroi porteuse, la paroi de cuve comportant d'une part, un élément primaire et, d'autre part, un élément secondaire disposé entre la paroi porteuse et l'élément primaire, chacun des éléments primaire et secondaire incluant, d'une part, une barrière d'isolation thermique constituée de blocs d'isolation en forme de parallélépipèdes rectangles, juxtaposés selon des rangées parallèles et délimités chacun par deux plaques rigides sensiblement parallèles à la paroi porteuse dans la zone au droit de laquelle elles se trouvent, et, d'autre part, une barrière d'étanchéité disposée sur chacune des barrières d'isolation thermique, la barrière d'isolation thermique de l'élément secondaire étant solidarisée de la paroi porteuse, la barrière d'isolation thermique de l'élément primaire étant solidarisé de l'élément secondaire de la cuve par des moyens d'accrochage liés à la barrière d'isolation thermique dudit élément secondaire, et permettant de plaquer les blocs d'isolation primaire de l'élément primaire de la paroi de cuve sur les blocs d'isolation secondaire de l'élément secondaire de ladite paroi de cuve, lesdits moyens d'accrochage comportant :
une plaque métallique fixée dans un lamage d'une plaque rigide d'un bloc d'isolation primaire voisine de la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire, le lamage étant du côté de la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire, ladite plaque métallique comportant au moins une zone de retenue, et
un organe saillant, qui est lié par sa base à un bloc d'isolation secondaire situé au droit de la plaque, ledit organe saillant ayant une tête filetée pour coopérer avec un écrou, dont le vissage exerce directement ou indirectement sur la zone de retenue de la plaque une force en direction de la paroi porteuse.According to one embodiment, the invention provides a sealed and thermally insulating tank integrated in a structure which comprises a load-bearing wall, said tank comprising a tank wall fixed on said supporting wall, the tank wall comprising on the one hand, a primary element and, secondly, a secondary element disposed between the carrier wall and the primary element, each of the primary and secondary elements including, on the one hand, a thermal insulation barrier consisting of rectangular parallelepiped-shaped insulation blocks juxtaposed along rows; parallel and each delimited by two rigid plates substantially parallel to the carrier wall in the area where they are located, and, secondly, a sealing barrier disposed on each of the thermal insulation barriers, the barrier of thermal insulation of the secondary element being secured to the carrier wall, the thermal insulation barrier of the primary element being secured to the secondary element of the vessel by attachment means related to the thermal insulation barrier said secondary element, and for pressing the primary insulation blocks of the primary element of the vessel wall on the secondary insulation blocks of the secondary element of said vessel wall, said attachment means comprising:
a metal plate fixed in a counterbore of a rigid plate of a primary insulation block close to the secondary sealing barrier, the counterbore being on the side of the secondary sealing barrier, said metal plate comprising at least one zone restraint, and
a protruding member, which is connected at its base to a secondary insulation block located in line with the plate, said projecting member having a threaded head for cooperating with a nut, the screwing of which directly or indirectly exerts on the retaining zone of the plate a force in the direction of the carrier wall.

Selon divers modes de réalisation, une telle cuve peut comporter, en outre, une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes.According to various embodiments, such a tank may further comprise one or more of the following characteristics.

Selon un mode de réalisation, un bloc d'isolation d'une barrière d'isolation thermique comporte une couche de mousse de matière plastique enserrée entre deux plaques rigides isolantes.According to one embodiment, an insulation block of a thermal insulation barrier comprises a layer of plastic foam sandwiched between two rigid insulating plates.

Selon un mode de réalisation, lesdits moyens d'accrochage comportent un bras de liaison reliant ladite zone de retenue de la plaque avec l'organe saillant, le bras de liaison comportant une zone de retenue en prise avec un empilement de rondelles élastiques engagées sur l'organe saillant, l'écrou étant vissé au-dessus de l'empilement de rondelles élastiques.According to one embodiment, said hooking means comprise a connecting arm connecting said retaining zone of the plate with the projecting member, the connecting arm comprising a zone retainer engaged with a stack of spring washers engaged on the projecting member, the nut being screwed over the stack of spring washers.

Selon un mode de réalisation, quatre blocs d'isolation primaires adjacents comportent, chacun au niveau d'un coin adjacent aux trois autres blocs d'isolation primaires, une plaque métallique fixée dans un lamage d'une plaque rigide du bloc d'isolation primaire voisine de la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire, le lamage étant du côté de la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire, ladite plaque métallique comportant au moins une zone de retenue.According to one embodiment, four adjacent primary insulation blocks each have at a corner adjacent to the other three primary insulation blocks a metal plate secured in a counterbore of a rigid plate of the primary insulation block. adjacent to the secondary sealing barrier, the counterbore being on the side of the secondary sealing barrier, said metal plate having at least one retaining zone.

Selon un mode de réalisation, lesdits moyens d'accrochage comportent une platine cruciforme comprenant quatre bras de liaison reliant respectivement ladite zone de retenue de la plaque d'un bloc d'isolation primaire avec l'organe saillant, la platine cruciforme comportant une zone de retenue en prise avec l'organe saillant, l'écrou étant vissé au-dessus de la zone de retenue de ladite platine cruciforme.According to one embodiment, said hooking means comprise a cruciform plate comprising four connecting arms respectively connecting said zone for retaining the plate of a primary insulation block with the projecting member, the cruciform plate comprising a zone of retained engagement with the protruding member, the nut being screwed above the retaining zone of said cruciform plate.

Selon un mode de réalisation, chaque branche de la platine cruciforme comporte une zone de cintrage pour que le maintien des blocs d'isolation primaire se fasse élastiquement.According to one embodiment, each branch of the cruciform plate comprises a bending zone so that the maintenance of the primary insulation blocks is elastically.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la zone de retenue de la plaque métallique comporte un plot fileté, soudé sur la plaque métallique qui traverse une portion d'extrémité du bras de liaison et un écrou coopère avec le filetage du plot pour fixer portion d'extrémité du bras de liaison au bloc d'isolation primaire.According to one embodiment, the retaining zone of the metal plate comprises a threaded stud, welded to the metal plate which passes through an end portion of the connecting arm, and a nut cooperates with the thread of the stud to secure the end portion. from the link arm to the primary insulation block.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la plaque d'un bloc d'isolation primaire comporte un disque disposé dans le lamage de la plaque rigide du bloc d'isolation primaire, et une patte qui fait saillie hors du lamage tout en restant dans le plan du disque, l'extrémité de ladite patte constituant la zone de retenue de la plaque, ladite zone supportant un empilement de rondelles élastiques engagées sur l'organe saillant, la base de l'empilement de rondelles étant un disque crénelé, dont les créneaux permettent le passage de ladite patte.According to one embodiment, the plate of a primary insulation block comprises a disk disposed in the counterbore of the rigid plate of the primary insulation block, and a tab which protrudes out of the counterbore while remaining in the plane of the disc, the end of said tab constituting the plate retention zone, said zone supporting a stack of elastic washers engaged on the protruding member, the base of the stack of washers being a crenellated disk, whose slots allow the passage of said tab.

Selon un mode de réalisation, quatre blocs d'isolation primaires adjacents comportent, chacun au niveau d'un coin adjacent aux trois autres blocs d'isolation primaires, une plaque métallique fixée dans un lamage d'une plaque rigide du bloc d'isolation primaire voisine de la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire, le lamage étant du côté de la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire, ladite plaque métallique comportant à chaque fois une patte qui fait saillie hors du lamage tout en restant dans le plan du disque, l'extrémité de ladite patte constituant la zone de retenue de la plaque, et dans laquelle les créneaux du disque crénelé permettent le passage des quatre pattes correspondant aux quatre blocs d'isolation primaire.According to one embodiment, four adjacent primary insulation blocks each have at a corner adjacent to the other three primary insulation blocks a metal plate secured in a counterbore of a rigid plate of the primary insulation block. adjacent to the secondary sealing barrier, the counterbore being on the side of the secondary sealing barrier, said metal plate having in each case a tab which protrudes out of the counterbore while remaining in the plane of the disc, the end of said tab constituting the retaining zone of the plate, and in which the crenellated disk slots allow the passage of the four tabs corresponding to the four primary insulation blocks.

Selon un mode de réalisation, quatre blocs d'isolation primaires adjacents comportent, chacun au niveau d'un coin adjacent aux trois autres blocs d'isolation primaires, une plaque métallique fixée dans un lamage d'une plaque rigide du bloc d'isolation primaire voisine de la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire, le lamage étant du côté de la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire, ladite plaque métallique comportant à chaque fois un perçage central,
dans laquelle lesdits moyens d'accrochage comportent une plaque-entretoise percée en son centre pour être traversée par l'organe saillant constitué par un goujon fileté à son extrémité libre pour coopérer avec un écrou, la base du goujon étant soudée au centre d'un plateau vissé dans un lamage de plaque rigide d'un bloc d'isolation secondaire, ledit plateau étant recouvert par la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire, qui est soudée sur lui tout autour du goujon pour assurer l'étanchéité secondaire, le serrage de l'écrou du goujon exerçant sur la plaque-entretoise par l'intermédiaire d'un empilement de rondelles élastiques, une force en direction de la paroi porteuse, pour plaquer la plaque-entretoise sur la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire, la plaque-entretoise comportant quatre goujons secondaires engagés respectivement dans le perçage central des quatre plaques métalliques, des écrous secondaires étant vissés sur les goujons secondaires pour serrer à chaque fois la plaque métallique en direction de la plaque-entretoise.According to one embodiment, four adjacent primary insulation blocks each have at a corner adjacent to the other three primary insulation blocks a metal plate secured in a counterbore of a rigid plate of the primary insulation block. next to the secondary sealing barrier, the counterbore being on the side of the secondary sealing barrier, said metal plate having in each case a central bore,
wherein said hooking means comprise a spacer plate pierced at its center to be traversed by the projecting member consisting of a stud bolt at its free end to cooperate with a nut, the base of the stud being welded to the center of a tray screwed into a rigid plate counterbore of a secondary insulation block, said tray being covered by the secondary sealing barrier, which is welded on it all around the stud to ensure secondary sealing, clamping of the nut of the stud exerting on the spacer plate via a stack elastic washers, a force in the direction of the carrier wall, for pressing the spacer plate on the secondary sealing barrier, the spacer plate having four secondary studs respectively engaged in the central bore of the four metal plates, secondary nuts being screwed on the secondary studs to tighten each time the metal plate in the direction of the spacer plate.

Selon un mode de réalisation, quatre blocs d'isolation primaires adjacents comportent, chacun au niveau d'un coin adjacent aux trois autres blocs d'isolation primaires, une plaque métallique fixée dans un lamage d'une plaque rigide du bloc d'isolation primaire voisine de la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire, le lamage étant du côté de la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire, ladite plaque métallique comportant à chaque fois un perçage central, les moyens d'accrochage comportant quatre goujons filetés engagés respectivement dans le perçage central des quatre plaques métalliques, chaque goujon fileté étant soudé par sa base sur un plateau vissé dans un lamage de la plaque rigide du bloc d'isolation secondaire, le goujon fileté traversant la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire et ladite barrière d'étanchéité secondaire étant ressoudée sur le plateau tout autour du goujon pour rétablir l'étanchéité, un écrou coopérant avec le filetage du goujon pour exercer sur la plaque qui lui correspond, par l'intermédiaire d'un empilement de rondelles élastiques, une force dirigée vers la paroi porteuse.According to one embodiment, four adjacent primary insulation blocks each have at a corner adjacent to the other three primary insulation blocks a metal plate secured in a counterbore of a rigid plate of the primary insulation block. next to the secondary sealing barrier, the counterbore being on the side of the secondary sealing barrier, said metal plate having in each case a central bore, the attachment means comprising four threaded studs respectively engaged in the central bore of the four metal plates, each threaded stud being welded by its base to a plate screwed into a countersink of the rigid plate of the secondary insulation block, the threaded stud passing through the secondary sealing barrier and said secondary sealing barrier being wound on the tray all around the stud to restore tightness, a nut cooperating with the thread of the stud to exert r on the corresponding plate, through a stack of spring washers, a force directed towards the carrier wall.

Selon un mode de réalisation, quatre blocs d'isolation primaires adjacents comportent, chacun au niveau d'un coin adjacent aux trois autres blocs d'isolation primaires, une plaque métallique fixée dans un lamage d'une plaque rigide du bloc d'isolation primaire voisine de la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire, le lamage étant du côté de la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire, ladite plaque métallique comportant à chaque fois un plot de centrage dirigé vers l'intérieur de chaque bloc d'isolation primaire, ledit plot permettant d'y enfiler des rondelles élastiques surmontées d'un disque à perforation centrale sur lequel vient s'appuyer un pied cylindrique creux centré sur le plot de centrage, et
dans laquelle lesdits moyens d'accrochage comportent une contreplaque à laquelle sont solidarisés les quatre pieds cylindriques creux, à chaque fois par une extrémité du pied opposée à celle qui permet le centrage sur le plot, la contreplaque ayant un puits central et étant mise en place au-dessus des blocs d'isolation primaire, le puits central ayant son fond perforé pour assurer le passage de l'organe saillant, dont la base est solidaire d'un plateau vissé dans une plaque rigide du bloc d'isolation secondaire.According to one embodiment, four adjacent primary insulation blocks each have at a corner adjacent to the other three primary insulation blocks a metal plate secured in a counterbore of a rigid plate of the primary insulation block. adjacent to the secondary sealing barrier, the counterbore being side of the secondary sealing barrier, said metal plate having in each case a centering pad directed towards the inside of each primary insulation block, said stud making it possible to thread in elastic washers surmounted by a perforating disc central on which is supported a hollow cylindrical foot centered on the centering pin, and
wherein said hooking means comprise a counterplate to which are secured the four hollow cylindrical feet, each time by an end of the foot opposite to that which allows the centering on the stud, the counterplate having a central well and being put in place above the primary insulation blocks, the central well having its perforated bottom to ensure the passage of the projecting member, the base of which is secured to a plate screwed into a rigid plate of the secondary insulation block.

Selon un mode de réalisation, les tôles de la membrane métallique comportent chacune au moins deux ondulations orthogonales parallèles aux côtés des blocs d'isolation thermique, lesdites ondulations étant insérées dans les interstices ménagés entre les blocs d'isolation.According to one embodiment, the sheets of the metal membrane each comprise at least two parallel orthogonal corrugations at the sides of the thermal insulation blocks, said corrugations being inserted into the interstices formed between the insulation blocks.

Selon un mode de réalisation, les tôles métalliques adjacentes d'une barrière d'étanchéité sont soudées à recouvrement.According to one embodiment, the adjacent metal sheets of a sealing barrier are welded overlap.

Une telle cuve peut faire partie d'une installation de stockage terrestre, par exemple pour stocker du GNL ou être installée dans une structure flottante, côtière ou en eau profonde, notamment un navire méthanier, une unité flottante de stockage ou de regazéification (FSRU), une unité flottante de production et de stockage déporté (FPSO) et autres.Such a tank can be part of a land storage facility, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deep water, including a LNG tank, a floating storage or regasification unit (FSRU) , a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.

L'invention concerne donc aussi un navire pour le transport d'un produit liquide froid, qui comporte une double coque et une cuve telle que ci-dessus définie disposée dans la double coque.The invention therefore also relates to a vessel for the transport of a cold liquid product, which comprises a double hull and a tank as defined above arranged in the double hull.

L'invention fournit aussi un procédé de chargement ou déchargement d'un tel navire, dans lequel on achemine un produit liquide froid à travers des canalisations isolées depuis ou vers une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire.The invention also provides a method of loading or unloading such a vessel, wherein a cold liquid product is conveyed through insulated pipelines from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.

Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit aussi un système de transfert pour un produit liquide froid, le système comportant le navire précité, des canalisations isolées agencées de manière à relier la cuve installée dans la coque du navire à une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre et une pompe pour entraîner un flux de produit liquide froid à travers les canalisations isolées depuis ou vers l'installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire.According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating storage facility. or terrestrial and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres buts, détails, caractéristiques et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description suivante de plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers de l'invention, donnés uniquement à titre démonstratif et non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés.The invention will be better understood and other objects, details, features and advantages thereof will appear more clearly in the following description of several particular embodiments of the invention, given solely for the purpose of demonstrative and non-limiting, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Sur ces dessins :

  • la figure 1 représente schématiquement, en perspective, un assemblage des différents organes constituant une paroi de cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention : cette vue générale comporte des parties arrachées pour permettre de voir les barrières d'isolation thermique et d'étanchéité des éléments secondaire et primaire de la paroi de cuve ;
  • la figure 2 représente schématiquement une coupe d'une paroi de cuve de la figure 1, dont la barrière d'étanchéité primaire comporte des plis saillants du côté opposé à la paroi porteuse et dont la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire comporte des plis saillants dirigés vers la paroi porteuse ;
  • la figure 3 représente, en coupe perpendiculairement à la paroi porteuse un premier mode de réalisation des moyens d'accrochage, dans une zone où se trouve le point de rencontre de quatre blocs d'isolation primaire adjacents ;
  • les figures 3A et 3B représentent, en perspective, des variantes de la figure 3 montrant les évidements pratiqués dans les blocs isolants primaires pour loger les constituants des moyens d'accrochage ;
  • la figure 4 représente, en perspective, une autre variante des moyens d'accrochage dans une zone de paroi de cuve analogue à celle des figures 3 ou 3A, trois des quatre blocs isolants primaires ayant été enlevés pour laisser visibles les moyens d'accrochage ;
  • la figure 5 représente, en perspective, dans une zone où se trouve le point de rencontre de quatre blocs d'isolation primaire adjacents, une autre variante des moyens d'accrochage dans laquelle chacun des quatre blocs d'isolation primaire est lié mécaniquement à un angle d'une plaque-entretoise dont le centre est relié à la barrière d'isolation secondaire ;
  • la figure 6 représente une variante de la figure 5 dans laquelle la liaison mécanique qui existait au centre de la plaque-entretoise de la figure 5 est reportée aux quatre angles d'un plateau de la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire pour supprimer le boulon central de la variante de la figure 5 ;
  • la figure 7 représente, en perspective quart-de-coupe, dans la même zone de paroi que la figure 5, un autre mode de réalisation des moyens d'accrochage, dans lesquels l'effort exercé à partir d'un plateau de la barrière d'étanchéité primaire est transmis par une contreplaque positionnée au-dessus des blocs d'étanchéité primaire ;
  • la figure 8 est une représentation schématique écorchée d'une cuve de navire méthanier et d'un terminal de chargement/déchargement de cette cuve.
On these drawings:
  • the figure 1 schematically represents, in perspective, an assembly of the various members constituting a sealed and thermally insulating tank wall according to one embodiment of the invention: this general view comprises parts torn off to allow to see the thermal insulation barriers and sealing of the secondary and primary elements of the tank wall;
  • the figure 2 schematically represents a section of a tank wall of the figure 1 , whose primary sealing barrier comprises projecting pleats on the opposite side to the bearing wall and whose secondary sealing barrier comprises projecting folds directed towards the supporting wall;
  • the figure 3 represents, in section perpendicular to the carrier wall, a first embodiment of the attachment means, in an area where the meeting point of four adjacent primary insulation blocks is located;
  • the Figures 3A and 3B represent, in perspective, variants of the figure 3 showing the recesses made in the primary insulating blocks to house the components of the attachment means;
  • the figure 4 represents, in perspective, another variant of the attachment means in a tank wall zone similar to that of the figures 3 or 3A , three of the four primary insulating blocks having been removed to make visible the attachment means;
  • the figure 5 represents, in perspective, in an area where the meeting point of four adjacent primary insulation blocks is located, another variant of the attachment means in which each of the four primary insulation blocks is mechanically connected to an angle of a spacer plate whose center is connected to the secondary insulation barrier;
  • the figure 6 represents a variant of the figure 5 in which the mechanical connection that existed in the center of the spacer plate of the figure 5 is postponed to the four corners of a tray of the secondary sealing barrier to remove the central bolt of the variant of the figure 5 ;
  • the figure 7 represents, in perspective quarter-of-section, in the same wall area as the figure 5 another embodiment of the attachment means, in which the force exerted from a plate of the primary sealing barrier is transmitted by a counterplate positioned above the primary sealing blocks;
  • the figure 8 is a cutaway schematic representation of a tank of LNG tanker and a loading / unloading terminal of this tank.

En se référant aux dessins et plus spécifiquement aux figures 1 et 2, on voit que l'on a désigné par 1 dans son ensemble, un bloc isolant de la barrière d'isolation thermique de l'élément secondaire d'une paroi de cuve. Ce bloc a une longueur L et une largeur I, par exemple, respectivement, 3 m et 1 m ; il a une forme de parallélépipède rectangle et il est constitué d'une mousse de polyuréthane comprise entre deux plaques 2a, 2b de bois contreplaqué. Une des plaques 2a est destinée à venir en vis-à-vis de la paroi porteuse 3 avec interposition de boudins de résine 4 permettant le rattrapage des défauts locaux de la paroi porteuse 3. La plaque 2a est maintenue sur la paroi porteuse 3 par collage au moyen des boudins de résine 4, ainsi que par des goujons 9 soudés sur la paroi porteuse 3.Referring to the drawings and more specifically to the Figures 1 and 2 it will be seen that 1, as a whole, is designated an insulating block of the thermal insulation barrier of the secondary element of a tank wall. This block has a length L and a width I, for example, respectively, 3 m and 1 m; it has a rectangular parallelepiped shape and is made of a polyurethane foam between two plates 2 a, 2 b of plywood. One of the plates 2a is intended to come into vis-à-vis the supporting wall 3 with interposition of resin rods 4 for the catching of local defects of the supporting wall 3. The plate 2 a is maintained on the supporting wall 3 by bonding by means of the resin beads 4, as well as by studs 9 welded to the carrier wall 3.

Sur la figure 1, on voit que, en partant du bloc isolant secondaire non recouvert représenté en haut et à gauche de la figure et en allant dans une direction oblique vers la droite et vers le bas, la perspective montre un bloc isolant secondaire 1, qui est partiellement recouvert d'une tôle 11 constituant une partie de la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire de la paroi de cuve. Cette tôle métallique 11 a une forme sensiblement rectangulaire et elle comporte, selon chacun des deux axes de symétrie de ce rectangle, une ondulation 12a, respectivement 12b. Les ondulations 12a et 12b forment des reliefs disposés en direction de la paroi porteuse 3 et ils sont logés dans les interstices 10 de la barrière isolante secondaire.On the figure 1 it can be seen that, starting from the uncoated secondary insulating block shown at the top left of the figure and going obliquely to the right and to the bottom, the perspective shows a secondary insulating block 1, which is partially covered a sheet 11 constituting a part of the secondary sealing barrier of the vessel wall. This metal sheet 11 has a substantially rectangular shape and it comprises, along each of two axes of symmetry of the rectangle, a corrugation 12a, respectively 12b. The corrugations 12 a and 12 b form reliefs arranged in the direction of the supporting wall 3 and they are housed in the interstices 10 of the secondary insulating barrier.

Les tôles métalliques adjacentes des barrières d'étanchéité des éléments primaire et secondaire sont soudées à recouvrement au droit de bandes de liaison portées respectivement par les barrières d'isolation thermique des éléments primaire et secondaire. Les moyens d'accrochage sur la barrière d'isolation thermique de l'élément primaire sont ménagés au droit du croisement des deux bandes de liaison de chaque bloc d'isolation de l'élément secondaire et traversent le niveau de la barrière d'étanchéité de l'élément secondaire sans monter au niveau de la barrière d'étanchéité de l'élément primaire. Lesdits moyens d'accrochage sont des goujons 8 dont la base est soudée sur les bandes de liaison de l'élément secondaire, qui traversent la barrière d'étanchéité de l'élément secondaire au voisinage de la zone de soudure à recouvrement de deux tôles adjacentes de ladite barrière d'étanchéité, les pièces intermédiaires étant interposées entre, d'une part, un écrou coopérant avec le filetage prévu à l'extrémité libre du goujon et, d'autre part, les parties débordantes des plaques des blocs d'isolation de la barrière d'isolation thermique de l'élément primaire.The adjacent metal sheets of the sealing barriers of the primary and secondary elements are welded overlap the right of connecting strips carried respectively by the thermal insulation barriers of the primary and secondary elements. The attachment means on the thermal insulation barrier of the primary element are arranged at the intersection of the two connecting strips of each insulation block of the secondary element and pass through the level of the sealing barrier of the secondary element without rising to the level of the sealing barrier of the primary element. Said hooking means are studs 8, the base of which is welded to the connecting strips of the secondary element, which pass through the sealing barrier of the secondary element in the vicinity of the overlapping welding zone of two adjacent plates. of said sealing barrier, the intermediate parts being interposed between, on the one hand, a nut cooperating with the threading provided at the free end of the stud and, on the other hand, the protruding parts of the plates of the insulation blocks. the thermal insulation barrier of the primary element.

Les tôles métalliques peuvent être réalisées en invar®, dont le coefficient de dilatation thermique est typiquement entre 1,5.10-6 et 2.10-6 K-1 ; elles ont alors une épaisseur comprise entre environ 0,7 mm et environ 0,4 mm. Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, les tôles métalliques sont réalisées en un alliage à base de manganèse présentant un coefficient de dilatation thermique sensiblement égal à 7.10-6 K-1. Un tel alliage est généralement moins couteux que les alliages à forte teneur en nickel tels que l'invar®.The metal sheets can be made of invar®, whose coefficient of thermal expansion is typically between 1.5 × 10 -6 and 2.10 -6 K -1 ; they then have a thickness of between about 0.7 mm and about 0.4 mm. According to a preferred embodiment, the metal sheets are made of a manganese-based alloy having a coefficient of thermal expansion substantially equal to 7.10 -6 K -1 . Such an alloy is generally less expensive than alloys with high nickel content such as invar®.

En se référant à nouveau à la figure 1, à partir de la zone où sont mises en place les tôles métalliques 11 de la barrière d'étanchéité de l'élément secondaire de la paroi de cuve et en se dirigeant en oblique vers la droite et vers le bas, on voit que l'on a représenté une zone où la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire est recouverte d'un bloc d'isolation 13 de la barrière isolante thermique de l'élément primaire de la paroi de cuve.Referring again to the figure 1 from the zone where the metal plates 11 of the sealing barrier of the secondary element of the tank wall are placed and moving obliquely to the right and to the bottom, it can be seen that the there is shown an area where the secondary sealing barrier is covered with an insulation block 13 of the thermal insulating barrier of the primary element of the vessel wall.

Ce bloc d'isolation 13 a une structure générale, qui est analogue à celle du bloc 1, c'est-à-dire qu'il s'agit d'un sandwich constitué d'une mousse de polyuréthane entre deux plaques de bois contreplaqué. La plaque de fond 13a est en appui sur une tôle métallique 11.This insulation block 13 has a general structure, which is similar to that of block 1, that is to say it is a sandwich made of a polyurethane foam between two wood plates plywood. The bottom plate 13a bears on a metal plate 11.

Enfin, la figure 1 montre, quand on se déplace à partir d'un élément 13 en oblique vers le bas et vers la droite, la mise en place d'une tôle métallique 15 constituant la barrière d'étanchéité de l'élément primaire de la cuve. Cette tôle 15 peut être réalisée en acier inoxydable d'une épaisseur de 1,2 mm environ ; elle comporte des ondulations selon les axes de symétrie du rectangle qu'elle constitue, comme il a déjà été indiqué pour les tôles métalliques 11. Ces ondulations peuvent être en relief du côté de la paroi porteuse 3, mais ils peuvent être aussi en relief vers l'intérieur de la cuve ; ces ondulations ont été désignées par 16a, 16b. Sur la figure 2, les ondulations 16a, 16b sont dirigées vers l'intérieur de la cuve.Finally, figure 1 shows, when moving from an element 13 obliquely downward and to the right, the establishment of a metal sheet 15 constituting the sealing barrier of the primary element of the tank. This sheet 15 may be made of stainless steel with a thickness of about 1.2 mm; it comprises corrugations along the axes of symmetry of the rectangle that it constitutes, as already indicated for the metal sheets 11. These corrugations can be raised on the side of the carrier wall 3, but they can also be embossed towards inside the tank; these undulations have been designated by 16 a , 16 b . On the figure 2 , The corrugations 16a, 16b are directed towards the interior of the vessel.

Pour la description de certains modes de réalisation des moyens d'accrochage des figures 3 à 7, on a conservé pour désigner des éléments identiques ou similaires les mêmes chiffres de référence, éventuellement assortis d'indices a, b ou c selon les variantes décrites.For the description of some embodiments of the attachment means of the Figures 3 to 7 the same reference numerals have been retained to designate identical or similar elements, possibly with indices a, b or c according to the variants described.

En se référant à la figure 3, on va décrire maintenant une réalisation de moyens d'accrochage dans laquelle une plaque métallique en forme de disque 301 est maintenue sous les quatre angles adjacents de quatre blocs d'isolation primaire adjacents. Le disque 301 est disposé dans un lamage 302 de la plaque rigide 303 d'un bloc isolant primaire voisin de la barrière d'étanchéité 304. Le bras de liaison 305 réalise une liaison mécanique du disque 301 avec le goujon central 310, cette liaison étant obtenue au moyen d'un téton fileté 306 sur lequel se visse un écrou 307 qui prend appui sur l'extrémité distale du bras 305 par l'intermédiaire d'une rondelle 308. Le téton 306 est soudé à sa base sur le disque 301. Le bras 305 de liaison comporte, quand on s'éloigne du téton 306, un cintrage 309a, qui permet de l'amener à un niveau inférieur pour constituer la zone de retenue 309 du bras 305. La zone de retenue 309 est traversée par un organe saillant 310 qui est soudé par sa base sur une plaque 312 mise en place dans un lamage de la plaque rigide 313, qui délimite un bloc isolant secondaire du côté où se trouve la barrière d'étanchéité 304. L'organe saillant 310 est un goujon dont l'extrémité libre est filetée pour coopérer avec un écrou314 avec interposition d'un empilement de rondelles élastiques 311. Le serrage de l'écrou 314 permet de plaquer le bloc d'isolant primaire 315 sur la barrière isolante secondaire. Il est clair que la retenue de la barrière d'isolation primaire s'effectue, dans cette variante, à partir du dessous des plaques rigides de fond des blocs d'isolation primaire 315.Referring to the figure 3 An embodiment of hooking means is now described in which a disk-shaped metal plate 301 is held under the four adjacent corners of four adjacent primary insulation blocks. The disk 301 is placed in a countersink 302 of the rigid plate 303 of a primary insulating block adjacent to the sealing barrier 304. The linking arm 305 makes a mechanical connection of the disk 301 with the central pin 310, this connection being obtained by means of a threaded stud 306 on which is screwed a nut 307 which bears on the distal end of the arm 305 via a washer 308. The stud 306 is welded to its base on the disc 301. the arm link 305 comprises, as the distance of the pin 306 has a bend 309, which allows to bring to a lower level to form the area retaining zone 309 of the arm 305. The retaining zone 309 is traversed by a projecting member 310 which is welded by its base on a plate 312 placed in a countersink of the rigid plate 313, which delimits a secondary insulating block on the side where is the sealing barrier 304. The projecting member 310 is a stud whose free end is threaded to cooperate with a nut 314 with the interposition of a stack of resilient washers 311. The tightening of the nut 314 can be pressed the primary insulation block 315 on the secondary insulating barrier. It is clear that the retention of the primary insulation barrier is effected, in this variant, from below the rigid bottom plates of the primary insulation blocks 315.

En se référant maintenant à la figure 3A, on voit que les moyens d'accrochage représentés correspondent à une variante de ceux qui ont été décrits à la figure 3. Dans cette variante, les quatre bras de liaison forment une platine est cruciforme. La figure 3 montre ces moyens d'accrochage dans la zone où se trouvent quatre blocs isolants primaires adjacents. Un disque 401 est disposé dans un lamage de la plaque rigide de fond d'un bloc d'isolation primaire, plaque de fond qui est voisine de la barrière d'étanchéité. La platine, désignée par 416 dans son ensemble, comporte une croix dont la zone centrale est traversée par un organe saillant 408b constitué comme pour la réalisation précédente, d'un goujon fileté à son extrémité libre : ce filetage coopère avec un écrou 409b et la base du goujon 408b est solidarisée des blocs d'isolation secondaire par une plaquette (non représentée) vissée sur les plaques rigides des blocs d'isolation secondaire; la platine cruciforme 416 est solidaire de la plaque rigide des blocs d'isolation primaire 13 par les extrémités de ses quatre bras grâce à un boulonnage 197 prenant appui sur le disque 401 inséré en préfabrication dans un lamage de chaque plaque rigide des quatre blocs d'isolation primaire 13 adjacents. De la sorte, les extrémités 196 des bras de la platine cruciforme 416 sont boulonnés sur les blocs d'isolation primaire 13, l'organe saillant 408b est solidaire du bloc d'isolation secondaire 1 sous-jacent, le plaquage de l'un des deux blocs sur l'autre étant obtenu par le vissage de l'écrou 409b. Il est clair, comme pour les réalisations précédentes, que la retenue de la barrière d'isolation primaire s'effectue ainsi en agissant à partir du dessous des plaques rigides de fond 13a des blocs d'isolation primaire 13.Referring now to the figure 3A it can be seen that the attachment means represented correspond to a variant of those which have been described in FIG. figure 3 . In this variant, the four connecting arms form a plate is cruciform. The figure 3 shows these attachment means in the area where there are four adjacent primary insulating blocks. A disk 401 is disposed in a counterbore of the rigid bottom plate of a primary insulation block, bottom plate which is close to the sealing barrier. The plate, designated 416 as a whole, comprises a cross whose central zone is traversed by a protruding member 408 b formed as for the previous embodiment, a stud bolt at its free end: this thread cooperates with a nut 409 b and stud base 408 b is attached to secondary insulating blocks by a plate (not shown) screwed on the rigid plates of the secondary insulation blocks; the cruciform plate 416 is secured to the rigid plate of the primary insulation blocks 13 by the ends of its four arms through a bolting 197 bearing on the disk 401 inserted in prefabrication in a countersink of each rigid plate of the four blocks of primary insulation 13 adjacent. In this way, the ends 196 of the cross plate 416 arms are bolted to the primary insulation blocks 13, the projecting member 408 b is attached to the secondary insulating block 1 underlying plating of one of the two blocks the other being obtained by screwing the nut 409 b . Clearly, as with the previous embodiments, the retention of the primary insulating barrier is thus carried out by acting from below the rigid plates of bottom 13 has primary insulation blocks 13.

La figure 3B représente une variante de la figure 3A, dans laquelle on a ménagé sur chacun des bras de la platine cruciformes, un cintrage 417, qui facilite élastiquement le mouvement de l'élément d'isolation primaire 13 par rapport à l'élément d'isolation secondaire 1. Bien entendu, comme dans le cas précédent, la retenue de la barrière d'isolation primaire s'effectue en agissant à partir du dessous des plaques rigides de fond 13a des blocs d'isolation primaire 13.The figure 3B represents a variant of the figure 3A , in which is provided on each of the cruciform turntable arms, a bend 417, which elastically facilitates the movement of the primary insulation element 13 relative to the secondary insulation element 1. Of course, as in the previous case, the retention of the primary insulation barrier is effected by acting from below the rigid bottom plates 13a of the primary insulation blocks 13.

La figure 4 représente une autre variante des moyens d'accrochage dans une cuve selon l'invention. Ces moyens d'accrochage sont associés à quatre blocs d'isolation primaire adjacents et, par rapport à la figure 3, le bras de liaison est fusionné au disque au lieu d'être boulonnés à lui. Dans cette variante, un disque est mis en place à l'intérieur d'un lamage prévu sur la face du fond rigide d'un bloc isolant primaire, qui est tourné vers la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire ; ce disque est fixé dans la plaque rigide d'un bloc isolant primaire. Ce disque 100 b se prolonge par une patte 450 qui, du côté opposé au disque, est perforée pour permettre le passage d'un organe saillant 408b. L'organe 408b est un goujon fileté dont l'extrémité libre porte un écrou 109b et dont la base est soudée sur une plaque (non visible sur le dessin) qui est solidaire d'un bloc isolant secondaire 1. L'écrou 108b s'appuie par sa face inférieure sur un empilement de rondelles 199 ; la base de l'empilement repose sur un disque crénelé 451 ; les créneaux du disque 451 permettent le passage des pattes 450 correspondant aux quatre blocs d'isolation primaire 1, qui sont répartis autour de l'organe saillant 108b. On voit que le serrage de l'écrou 109b appuie, par les pattes 450, sur les disques 100b de sorte que les blocs d'isolation primaires sont plaqués sur les blocs d'isolation secondaire. Il est clair, comme pour les réalisations précédentes, que la retenue de la barrière d'isolation primaire s'effectue ainsi en agissant à parti du dessous des plaques rigides de fond 13a des blocs d'isolation primaire 13.The figure 4 represents another variant of the attachment means in a tank according to the invention. These attachment means are associated with four adjacent primary insulation blocks and, with respect to the figure 3 , the connecting arm is fused to the disc instead of being bolted to it. In this variant, a disk is placed inside a countersink provided on the face of the rigid bottom of a primary insulating block, which is turned towards the secondary sealing barrier; this disk is fixed in the rigid plate of a primary insulating block. This disc 100 b is extended by a lug 450 which, on the side opposite to the disk, is perforated to allow passage of a protruding member 408 b. The body 408 b is a threaded bolt whose free end carries a nut 109 b and the base is welded to a plate (not visible in the drawing) which is integral with a secondary insulating block 1. The nut 108 b is supported by its lower face on a stack of washers 199; the basis of stacking is based on a crenellated disc 451; the slots of the disc 451 allow the passage of the tabs 450 corresponding to the four primary insulation blocks 1, which are distributed around the projecting member 108 b . It is seen that the tightening of the nut 109 b supported by the legs 450, 100 b on the disks so that the primary insulation blocks are pressed on the secondary insulating blocks. Clearly, as with the previous embodiments, the retention of the primary insulating barrier is thus carried out by acting party below the rigid plates of bottom 13 has primary insulation blocks 13.

Sur la figure 5, on a représenté une autre variante des moyens d'accrochage susceptibles d'être utilisés pour quatre blocs d'isolation primaire adjacents. Ces moyens d'accrochage comportent quatre disques 501 dont chacun se trouve dans un lamage d'une plaque rigide 13a d'un bloc d'isolation primaire 13 ; ladite plaque est voisine de la barrière d'étanchéité 502 et le lamage est prévu du côté de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 502. Les quatre disques 501 sont reliés entre eux par une plaque-entretoise 503 percée en son centre pour être traversée par un organe saillant 504 constitué par un goujon, qui est fileté à son extrémité libre pour coopérer avec un écrou 505. La base du goujon est soudée au centre d'une plateau (non représenté sur le dessin) vissé dans un lamage de la plaque rigide d'une bloc d'isolation secondaire ; ledit plateau est recouvert par la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire qui est soudée sur lui tout autour du goujon 504 pour assurer l'étanchéité secondaire ; Le serrage de l'écrou 505 du goujon 504 exerce sur la plaque-entretoise 503, par l'intermédiaire d'un empilement de rondelles élastiques 506, une force en direction de la paroi porteuse pour appuyer la plaque-entretoise sur la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire. On constate que la retenue de la barrière d'isolation primaire sur la barrière d'isolation secondaire s'effectue en agissant à partir du dessous des plaques rigides de fond 13a des blocs d'isolation primaire 13 au moyen d'écrous 598 vissés sur des tétons filetés 599 portés par la plaque-entretoise 503 au niveau de ses quatre coins et engagés à chaque fois dans un perçage central du disque 501 correspondant.On the figure 5 another variant of the attachment means which can be used for four adjacent primary insulation blocks is shown. These hooking means comprise four disks 501 each of which is located in a counterbore of a rigid plate 13 has a primary insulation block 13; said plate is close to the sealing barrier 502 and the countersink is provided on the side of the secondary sealing membrane 502. The four disks 501 are interconnected by a spacer plate 503 pierced at its center to be traversed by a protruding member 504 constituted by a stud, which is threaded at its free end to cooperate with a nut 505. The base of the stud is welded to the center of a plate (not shown in the drawing) screwed into a countersink of the rigid plate d a secondary insulation block; said tray is covered by the secondary sealing barrier which is welded to it all around the stud 504 to provide secondary sealing; The tightening of the nut 505 of the stud 504 exerts on the spacer plate 503, by means of a stack of spring washers 506, a force towards the bearing wall to press the spacer plate on the barrier. secondary sealing. It is noted that the retention of the primary insulating barrier on the secondary insulating barrier by acting from below the rigid plates of bottom 13 are blocks primary insulation 13 by means of nuts 598 screwed on threaded studs 599 carried by the spacer plate 503 at its four corners and engaged each time in a central bore of the corresponding disk 501.

Sur la figure 6, on a représenté des moyens d'accrochage destinés à coopérer avec quatre blocs d'isolation primaire adjacents. Ces moyens comportent quatre disques 601, dont chacun est maintenu par vissage dans un lamage d'une plaque rigide 13a de blocs isolants primaires 13, ladite plaque étant celle qui est voisine de la barrière d'étanchéité 602, le lamage étant pratiqué du coté de la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire. Chaque disque 601 est perforé en son centre pour laisser passer un organe saillant 603 constitué par un goujon fileté à son extrémité libre et soudé par sa base sur un plateau 699 vissé dans un lamage de la plaque rigide du bloc d'isolation secondaire 1 situé au droit du goujon 603. Le goujon 603 traverse la barrière d'étanchéité 602 et ladite barrière d'étanchéité est ressoudée sur le plateau tout autour du goujon pour rétablir l'étanchéité. Un écrou 604 coopère avec le filetage du goujon 603 pour exercer sur le disque 601 qui lui correspond, par l'intermédiaire d'un empilement de rondelles élastiques 605 une force dirigée vers la paroi porteuse de la cuve.On the figure 6 there are shown attachment means for cooperating with four adjacent primary insulation blocks. These means comprise four disks 601, each of which is maintained by screwing into a counterbore of a rigid plate 13 a primary insulating blocks 13, said plate being that which is adjacent to the sealing barrier 602, the counterbore being formed on the side the secondary sealing barrier. Each disc 601 is perforated at its center to pass a projecting member 603 constituted by a threaded stud at its free end and welded by its base on a plate 699 screwed into a countersink of the rigid plate of the secondary insulation block 1 located at The stud 603 passes through the sealing barrier 602 and said sealing barrier is rewelded to the tray all around the stud to restore the seal. A nut 604 cooperates with the thread of the stud 603 to exert on the corresponding disk 601, via a stack of spring washers 605 a force directed towards the bearing wall of the tank.

La figure 7 représente des moyens d'accrochage dans lesquels la force d'action de plaquage d'un bloc d'isolant primaire sur un bloc isolant secondaire adjacent, est transférée non pas directement dans la zone correspondant aux plaques rigides des blocs d'isolation primaire et secondaire, mais en passant, au moyen d'une pièce supplémentaire, au-dessus du bloc isolant primaire. Cette réalisation est destinée à être mise en place dans la zone des barrières isolantes où se retrouvent adjacents quatre blocs adjacents isolants. La plaquette métallique 201 est fixée dans un lamage de la plaque rigide 202 du bloc d'isolation primaire 213, ladite plaque rigide étant celle qui est voisine de la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire 203. La plaquette 201 porte un plot de centrage 204 dirigé vers l'intérieur du bloc isolant primaire 213 ; le plot 204 est dans un logement du bloc d'isolation primaire 213, ledit logement permettant d'enfiler sur ledit plot 204 des rondelles élastiques 205 surmontées d'un disque 206 à perforation centrale. Sur le disque 206 vient s'appuyer un pied cylindrique creux 207 centré sur le plot de centrage 204, ledit pied étant solidaire, à son extrémité opposée à celle qui permet le centrage sur le plot 204, d'une contreplaque 208. La contreplaque 208 est mise en place au-dessus du bloc d'isolation primaire 213, c'est-à-dire du côté opposé à celui où se trouve la paroi porteuse de la cuve. La contreplaque 208 comporte un puits central 209, dont le fond est perforé pour permettre le passage d'un organe 210 qui est en saillie par rapport à la barrière secondaire ; l'organe saillant 210 est un goujon, dont la base est solidaire d'un plateau 211 vissé dans une plaque rigide 212 de la barrière d'isolation secondaire, l'extrémité libre du goujon 210 coopère avec un écrou 214 qui prend appui sur le fond du puits 209. On voit que le serrage de l'écrou 214 entraine un appui de la bordure des pieds d'appui 207 sur la rondelle 206 et donc, sur la plaquette 201 avec interposition des rondelles élastiques 205. On réalise ainsi le plaquage des blocs d'isolation primaire 213 sur les blocs d'isolation secondaire sous-jacents. Le puits central 209, les pieds d'appui 207, les disques 206 et les rondelles 205 sont disposés dans des évidements de formes et positions appropriées pratiquées dans les blocs d'isolation primaire 213. Il est clair que la retenue de la barrière d'isolation primaire s'effectue dans ce mode de réalisation en agissant à partir du dessous des plaques rigides de fond des blocs d'isolation primaire 13.The figure 7 represents hooking means in which the plating action force of a primary insulation block on an adjacent secondary insulating block is not transferred directly to the zone corresponding to the rigid plates of the primary and secondary insulation blocks but passing, by means of an additional piece, above the primary insulating block. This embodiment is intended to be implemented in the area of the insulating barriers which are adjacent four adjacent insulating blocks. The metal plate 201 is fixed in a counterbore of the plate rigid 202 of the primary insulation block 213, said rigid plate being that which is close to the secondary sealing barrier 203. The plate 201 carries a centering pin 204 directed inwardly of the primary insulating block 213; the stud 204 is in a housing of the primary insulation block 213, said housing for threading on said pad 204 elastic washers 205 surmounted by a disk 206 with central perforation. On the disk 206 is supported a hollow cylindrical foot 207 centered on the centering pin 204, said foot being integral, at its end opposite to that which allows the centering on the pad 204, a counter plate 208. The counter plate 208 is placed above the primary insulation block 213, that is to say on the opposite side to that which is the bearing wall of the tank. The counterplate 208 comprises a central well 209 whose bottom is perforated to allow the passage of a member 210 which projects from the secondary barrier; the protruding member 210 is a stud whose base is secured to a plate 211 screwed into a rigid plate 212 of the secondary insulation barrier, the free end of the stud 210 cooperates with a nut 214 which bears on the bottom of the well 209. It is seen that the tightening of the nut 214 causes a bearing of the edge of the bearing feet 207 on the washer 206 and thus on the plate 201 with the interposition of the spring washers 205. The plating is thus carried out. primary insulation blocks 213 on the underlying secondary insulation blocks. The central well 209, the support feet 207, the discs 206 and the washers 205 are arranged in recesses of appropriate shapes and positions made in the primary insulation blocks 213. It is clear that the retention of the barrier of Primary insulation is effected in this embodiment by acting from below the bottom rigid plates of the primary insulation blocks 13.

Pour toutes les variantes de réalisation précédemment décrites, il est bien clair, dès lors que la mise en place des moyens d'accrochage requière de pratiquer des évidements pour loger des éléments desdits moyens d'accrochage à l'intérieur des blocs d'isolation primaire, on remplit lesdits évidements d'un matériau isolant dès la fin de la mise en place afin que l'isolation thermique ne soit pas réduite. Par ailleurs, les plaques et plaquettes ou similaires, qui coopèrent directement avec les plaques rigides des blocs isolants primaire et secondaire, sont placées dans des lamages permettant d'éviter les surépaisseurs et d'éviter tout risque de détérioration de la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire dans l'hypothèse d'un déplacement localisé de la barrière primaire par rapport à la barrière secondaire, par exemple, lors de la mise en froid de la cuve.For all the embodiments previously described, it is quite clear, since the establishment of the fastening means requires recesses to accommodate elements of said fastening means inside the primary insulation blocks filling said recesses with an insulating material at the end of the installation so that the thermal insulation is not reduced. Furthermore, the plates and plates or the like, which cooperate directly with the rigid plates of the primary and secondary insulating blocks, are placed in countersinks to avoid extra thicknesses and to avoid any risk of deterioration of the secondary sealing barrier. in the hypothesis of a localized displacement of the primary barrier with respect to the secondary barrier, for example, during the cooling of the tank.

Il est bien clair, également, dès lors que la mise en place des moyens d'accrochage ci-dessus décrits entraine la nécessité de perforer la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire, on rétablit cette étanchéité par soudure après ladite mise en place.It is also clear, too, since the establishment of the hooking means described above causes the need to perforate the secondary sealing membrane, it reestablishes this sealing by welding after said establishment.

Les cuves décrites ci-dessus peuvent être utilisées dans différents types d'installations telles que des installations terrestres ou dans un ouvrage flottant comme un navire méthanier ou autre.The tanks described above can be used in various types of installations such as land installations or in a floating structure such as a LNG tank or other.

En se référant à la figure 8, on voit qu'une vue écorchée d'un navire méthanier 70 montre une cuve étanche et isolée 71 de forme générale prismatique montée dans la double coque 72 du navire. La paroi de la cuve 71 comporte une barrière étanche primaire destinée à être en contact avec le GNL contenu dans la cuve, une barrière étanche secondaire agencée entre la barrière étanche primaire et la double coque du navire, et deux barrières thermiquement isolantes agencées respectivement entre la barrière étanche primaire et la barrière étanche secondaire, et entre la barrière étanche secondaire et la double coque 72.Referring to the figure 8 it can be seen that a cutaway view of a LNG tanker 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship. The wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary sealed barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary sealed barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the double hull of the vessel, and two thermally insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary watertight barrier and secondary watertight barrier, and between secondary watertight barrier and double hull 72.

De manière connue en soi, des canalisations de chargement/déchargement disposées sur le pont supérieur du navire peuvent être raccordées, au moyen de connecteurs appropriés, à un terminal maritime ou portuaire pour transférer une cargaison de GNL depuis ou vers la cuve 71.In a manner known per se, loading / unloading lines arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a marine or port terminal to transfer a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.

La figure 8 représente un exemple de terminal maritime comportant un poste de chargement et de déchargement 75, une conduite sous-marine 76 et une installation à terre 77. Le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75 est une installation fixe off-shore comportant un bras mobile 74 et une tour 78 qui supporte le bras mobile 74. Le bras mobile 74 porte un faisceau de tuyaux flexibles isolés 79 pouvant se connecter aux canalisations de chargement/déchargement 73. Le bras mobile 74 orientable s'adapte à tous les gabarits de méthaniers. Une conduite de liaison non représentée s'étend à l'intérieur de la tour 78. Le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75 permet le chargement et le déchargement du méthanier 70 depuis ou vers l'installation à terre 77. Celle-ci comporte des cuves de stockage de gaz liquéfié 80 et des conduites de liaison 81 reliées par la conduite sous-marine 76 au poste de chargement ou de déchargement 75. La conduite sous-marine 76 permet le transfert du gaz liquéfié entre le poste de chargement ou de déchargement 75 et l'installation à terre 77 sur une grande distance, par exemple 5 km, ce qui permet de garder le navire méthanier 70 à grande distance de la côte pendant les opérations de chargement et de déchargement.The figure 8 represents an example of a marine terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77. The loading and unloading station 75 is an off-shore fixed installation comprising a movable arm 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74. The movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 that can connect to the loading / unloading pipes 73. The movable arm 74 can be adapted to all gauges LNG carriers. A connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78. The loading and unloading station 75 enables the loading and unloading of the LNG tank 70 from or to the shore facility 77. liquefied gas storage tanks 80 and connecting lines 81 connected by the underwater line 76 to the loading or unloading station 75. The underwater line 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the onshore installation 77 over a large distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the tanker vessel 70 at great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.

Pour engendrer la pression nécessaire au transfert du gaz liquéfié, on met en oeuvre des pompes embarquées dans le navire 70 et/ou des pompes équipant l'installation à terre 77 et/ou des pompes équipant le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75.In order to generate the pressure necessary for the transfer of the liquefied gas, pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps equipping the shore installation 77 and / or pumps equipping the loading and unloading station 75 are used.

Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en liaison avec plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers, il est bien évident qu'elle n'y est nullement limitée et qu'elle comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci entrent dans le cadre de l'invention, telle que définie par les revendications.Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is not limited thereto and that it comprises all the technical equivalents of the means described and their combinations if they are within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.

L'usage du verbe «comporter», «comprendre» ou «inclure» et de ses formes conjuguées n'exclut pas la présence d'autres éléments ou d'autres étapes que ceux énoncés dans une revendication. L'usage de l'article indéfini « un » ou «une» pour un élément ou une étape n'exclut pas, sauf mention contraire, la présence d'une pluralité de tels éléments ou étapes.The use of the verb "to include", "to understand" or "to include" and its conjugated forms does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps other than those set out in a claim. The use of the indefinite article "a" or "an" for an element or a step does not exclude, unless otherwise stated, the presence of a plurality of such elements or steps.

Dans les revendications, tout signe de référence entre parenthèses ne saurait être interprété comme une limitation de la revendication.In the claims, any reference sign in parentheses can not be interpreted as a limitation of the claim.

Claims (13)

  1. A sealed and thermally insulating tank which is integrated in a structure which comprises a carrier wall (3), said tank comprising a tank wall which is fixed to said carrier wall, the tank wall comprising, on the one hand, a primary element and, on the other hand, a secondary element which is arranged between the carrier wall and the primary element, each of the primary and secondary elements including, on the one hand, a thermal insulation barrier which is constituted by insulation blocks (1), (13) in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds which are juxtaposed in parallel rows, an insulation block (1, 13) of a thermal insulation barrier comprising a layer of plastics material foam which is clamped between two rigid insulation plates (13a, 303) which delimit the insulation block, the two rigid plates being substantially parallel with the carrier wall in the zone in the region of which they are located and, on the other hand, a sealing barrier which is arranged on each of the thermal insulation barriers, the thermal insulation barrier of the secondary element being fixedly joined to the carrier wall, the thermal insulation barrier of the primary element being fixedly joined to the secondary element of the tank by fastening means which are connected to the thermal insulation barrier of the secondary element, and allowing the primary insulation blocks of the primary element of the tank wall to be pressed onto the secondary insulation blocks of the secondary element of the tank wall, said fastening means comprising a metal plate characterized in that the metal plate (301, 401, 100b, 501) is fixed in a countersinking of a rigid plate (13a, 303) of a primary insulation block (13) which covers the secondary sealing barrier (502, 304), the countersinking being at the side of the secondary sealing barrier (502, 304), the metal plate (301, 401, 100b, 501) comprising at least one retention zone (306), and in that said fastening means comprise :
    a protruding member (310, 108b, 408b, 504) which is connected via the base thereof to a secondary insulation block (1) which is located in the region of the metal plate, and
    a connection element (305, 416, 450, 503) connecting said retention zone of the metal plate (301, 401, 100b, 501) to the protruding member (310), the connection element (305, 416, 450, 503) comprising a retention zone which is in engagement with a stack of resilient washers which are engaged on the protruding member (310), a nut (314) being screwed above the stack of resilient washers,
    the protruding member having a threaded head in order to cooperate with the nut (314, 109b, 409b, 505), whose screwing applies to the retention zone of the metal plate, via the connection element, a force in the direction of the carrier wall (3),
    and in that four adjacent primary insulation blocks each comprise, in the region of a corner adjacent to the other three primary insulation blocks, a metal plate (301, 401, 100b, 501) which is fixed in a countersinking of a rigid plate (13a, 303) of the primary insulation block (13) which covers the secondary sealing barrier (502, 304), the countersinking being at the side of the secondary sealing barrier (502, 304), the metal plate (301, 401, 100b, 501) comprising at least one retention zone.
  2. The tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein the connection element is a connection arm (305).
  3. The tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fastening means comprise as a connection element a cruciform plate (416) which comprises four connection arms which connect the retention zone of the plate (401) of a primary insulation block to the protruding member (408b), respectively, the retention zone of the cruciform plate (416) being in engagement with the protruding member (310), the nut (314) being screwed above the retention zone of the cruciform plate (416).
  4. The tank as claimed in claim 3, wherein each branch of the cruciform plate (416) comprises a bending zone (417) so that the retention of the primary insulation blocks (13) is carried out in a resilient manner.
  5. The tank as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the retention zone of the metal plate (301, 401) comprises a threaded stud (306) which is welded to the metal plate (301, 401) which extends through an end portion of the connection arm and a nut (307, 197) cooperates with the thread of the stud (306) in order to fix the end portion of the connection arm to the primary insulation block (315).
  6. The tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metal plate of a primary insulation block comprises a disk (100b) which is arranged in the countersinking of the rigid plate (13a) of the primary insulation block (13), and a lug (450) as a connection element which protrudes out of the countersinking whilst remaining in the plane of the disk (100b), the lug (450) being joined to the metal plate so that the end of the lug (450) constitutes both the retention zone of the lug (450) and the retention zone of the metal plate, the retention zone supporting a stack (199) of resilient washers which are engaged on the protruding member (108b), the base of the stack of washers being a serrated disk (451) whose slots enable the passage of the lug (450).
  7. The tank as claimed in claim 6, wherein the slots of the serrated disk (451) enable the passage of the four lugs (450) which correspond to the four primary insulation blocks (13).
  8. The tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metal plates (501) which are fixed in the countersinking of the rigid plate (13a, 303) of the four adjacent primary insulation blocks, respectively, each comprise a central hole,
    wherein the fastening means comprise as a connection element a spacer plate (503) which is perforated at the center thereof so that the protruding member (504) which is constituted by a pin which is threaded at the free end thereof can extend through it in order to cooperate with a nut (505), the base of the pin being welded to the center of a plate which is screwed into a countersinking of the rigid plate of a secondary insulation block, the plate being covered by the secondary sealing barrier (502), which is welded to it all the way around the pin in order to ensure the secondary sealing, the clamping of the nut (505) of the pin applying to the spacer plate (503), via a stack of resilient washers (506), a force in the direction of the carrier wall in order to press the spacer plate onto the secondary sealing barrier, the spacer plate (503) comprising four secondary pins (599) which are engaged in the central hole of the four metal plates (501), respectively, secondary nuts (598) being screwed to the secondary pins (599) in order to clamp the metal plate (501) in the direction of the spacer plate (503) each time.
  9. The tank as claimed in one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the metal sheets of the metal membrane each comprise at least two orthogonal undulations (12a; 12b, 16a, 16b) which are parallel with the sides of the thermal insulation blocks (1,13), the undulations being inserted into the gaps (10) which are provided between the insulation blocks.
  10. The tank as claimed in one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the adjacent metal sheets (11,15) of a sealing barrier are lap-welded.
  11. A tanker (70) for the transport of a cold liquid product, the tanker comprising a double hull (72) and a tank (71) as claimed in one of claims 1 to 10 arranged in the double hull.
  12. Use of a tanker (70) as claimed in claim 11 for loading or unloading a cold liquid product, wherein a liquid product is conveyed through insulated channels (73, 79, 76, 81) from or to a floating or land-based storage installation (77) to or from the tank of the tanker (71).
  13. A transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising a tanker (70) as claimed in claim 11, insulated channels (73, 79, 76, 81) which are arranged in order to connect the tank (71) which is installed in the hull of the tanker to a floating or land-based storage installation (77) and a pump for entraining a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated channels from or to the floating or land-based storage installation to or from the tank of the tanker.
EP14726678.7A 2013-04-15 2014-04-11 Sealed and thermally insulated tank Active EP2986886B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1353373A FR3004511B1 (en) 2013-04-15 2013-04-15 SEALED AND THERMALLY INSULATED TANK
PCT/FR2014/050882 WO2014170588A2 (en) 2013-04-15 2014-04-11 Sealed and thermally insulated tank

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EP2986886A2 EP2986886A2 (en) 2016-02-24
EP2986886B1 true EP2986886B1 (en) 2019-03-27

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JP (1) JP6359636B2 (en)
KR (1) KR102196322B1 (en)
CN (1) CN105209814B (en)
AU (1) AU2014255538B2 (en)
FR (1) FR3004511B1 (en)
MY (1) MY177716A (en)
RU (1) RU2647945C2 (en)
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AU2014255538B2 (en) 2016-08-18
US10738942B2 (en) 2020-08-11
AU2014255538A1 (en) 2015-11-12
CN105209814B (en) 2017-05-03
EP2986886A2 (en) 2016-02-24
FR3004511B1 (en) 2016-12-30
CN105209814A (en) 2015-12-30
RU2647945C2 (en) 2018-03-21
WO2014170588A2 (en) 2014-10-23
SG11201508321TA (en) 2015-11-27
KR102196322B1 (en) 2020-12-29
US20160076701A1 (en) 2016-03-17
JP2016522364A (en) 2016-07-28
MY177716A (en) 2020-09-23
RU2015145295A (en) 2017-05-17
WO2014170588A3 (en) 2015-03-12
KR20150143546A (en) 2015-12-23
JP6359636B2 (en) 2018-07-18
FR3004511A1 (en) 2014-10-17

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