EP2984671B1 - Electrical contactor and method for controlling an electromagnetic coil in such a contactor - Google Patents
Electrical contactor and method for controlling an electromagnetic coil in such a contactor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2984671B1 EP2984671B1 EP14716833.0A EP14716833A EP2984671B1 EP 2984671 B1 EP2984671 B1 EP 2984671B1 EP 14716833 A EP14716833 A EP 14716833A EP 2984671 B1 EP2984671 B1 EP 2984671B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- term
- coil
- voltage
- duty cycle
- movable contact
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
- H01H47/223—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil adapted to be supplied by AC
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
- H01H47/32—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device
- H01H47/325—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device by switching regulator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
- H01F2007/1888—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings using pulse width modulation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electric contactor and a method for controlling an electromagnetic coil of such a contactor.
- the electrical contactor comprises at least one base and a control module.
- the base comprises at least one pair of fixed contacts and, for each pair of fixed contacts, a movable contact between a closed position and an open position. More specifically, the fixed contacts are electrically connected to each other, when the movable contact is in the closed position, and electrically isolated from each other, when the movable contact is in the open position.
- the base also includes an electromagnetic coil capable of controlling the or each movable contact in the closed position or in the open position, and the coil is characterized by a control setpoint voltage.
- the control module comprises an electronic module for controlling the electromagnetic coil.
- a persistent issue in the field of electrical contactors is to operate the contactor with a wide and complete panel of supply voltages.
- This adaptation is more particularly necessary when controlling the or each movable contact in the closed position.
- the goal is to have a single coil regardless of the contactor supply voltage. For this, it is necessary that the control voltage of the coil is lower than the minimum supply voltage of the contactor.
- the object of the invention is therefore to propose an electric contactor which, when controlling the or each movable contact in closed position, makes it possible to reduce the differences in the operating times between a supply voltage of the 110V contactor and 220V contactor supply voltage.
- the subject of the invention is an electrical contactor comprising at least one pair of fixed contacts and for each pair of fixed contacts a movable contact between a closed position and an open position, the fixed contacts being, in the closed position of the contact movable, electrically connected to each other via the movable contact, and being electrically isolated from each other in the open position of the movable contact, an electromagnetic coil adapted to control the or each movable contact in the closed position or in the open position, and a electronic module for controlling the electromagnetic coil, comprising a switch connected in series with the coil and a device for controlling the switch, the switch comprising two conduction electrodes and a control electrode, said control device comprising means for calculating a pulse width modulated signal and means for applying the calculated signal to the control electrode of the switch.
- the pulse width modulated signal has a cyclic ratio of variable value over time, during the control of the or each movable contact in the closed position.
- the complete closing of the moving contacts of the contactor is ensured, the closing time of the moving contacts is substantially constant regardless of the supply voltage of the contactor, and the voltage regulation takes into account changes in the different voltages in the contactor over time as the duty cycle varies over time. More specifically, regulation in voltage takes into account possible voltage drops in the contactor. In addition, the regulation makes it possible to correct the voltage delivered to the coil in order to take into account the case where the instantaneous voltage applied to the coil and the switch connected in series is lower than the control setpoint voltage of the coil.
- the contactor 10 comprises a base 12 and an electronic module 13 for driving an electromagnetic coil 14.
- This electromagnetic coil 14 is characterized by a control setpoint voltage U A.
- the base 12 comprises the electromagnetic coil 14, and at least one pair of fixed contacts 16 and, for each pair of fixed contacts 16, a contact 17, movable between a closed position and an open position.
- the fixed contacts 16 are, in the closed position of the movable contact 17, electrically connected to each other via the movable contact 17, and are electrically isolated from each other in the open position of the movable contact 17.
- Each fixed contact 16 is intended for be connected to an electrical connection cable.
- the base 12 comprises a connector 20 for connecting the electronic control module 13.
- the electronic control module 13 is intended to be powered by a power supply member 22 and comprises an electronic card 24.
- the electronic card 24 comprises a switch 26, a generator of a positive voltage, variable over time or continuous, such as a rectifier 27, a switch control device 26, and protection means 30, such as a parallel varistor and a limiting series resistor.
- the electromagnetic coil 14 is adapted to control each movable contact 17 in the closed position or in the open position.
- the power supply member 22 is capable of delivering a supply voltage U C for the electronic control module 13, as shown in FIG. figure 2 .
- the supply voltage U C is, for example, equal to 48 volts, 110 volts, 220 volts or 400 volts, in direct or alternating current.
- the base 12 comprises the same electromagnetic coil 14 regardless of the supply voltage U C of the control module 13, while the control module 13 is different according to the supply voltage U C.
- the electronic control module 13 to be connected to the connector 20 is chosen as a function of the supply voltage U C.
- the control module 13 differs between the different values of the supply voltage U C , in particular with regard to the rectifier 27.
- the switch 26 comprises two conduction electrodes and a control electrode which are not represented in the various figures. As visible at figure 2 the switch 26 is connected in series with the coil 14.
- the rectifier 27 is adapted to deliver a DC voltage U E across the assembly formed by the switch 26 and the coil 14 connected in series.
- the rectifier 27 is, for example, a diode bridge that performs a full wave rectification.
- the control device 28 includes means 31 for calculating a pulse width modulated signal S1, and an electrical connection 32 with the switch 26 in order to apply the calculated signal S1 to the switch 26, and more specifically to the switch control electrode 26, as shown in FIG. figure 1 .
- control device 28 comprises means 34 for measuring the positive voltage U E at the output of the rectifier 27.
- the measuring means 34 are connected at the output of the rectifier 27, while the protection means 30 are connected between the supply member 22 and the rectifier 27.
- the calculation means 31 are suitable for calculating the pulse width modulated signal S1 with a variable duty cycle value ⁇ over time.
- the value of the duty cycle ⁇ depends for example on the positive voltage U E.
- the calculation means 31 are suitable for calculating a first term T1 of constant value and a second term T2 of variable value over time and summing these terms T1, T2 to obtain the duty ratio ⁇ .
- the duty cycle ⁇ of the modulated signal in pulse width S1 is then of variable value over time since it is equal to the sum of the first and second terms T1, T2.
- the positive voltage U E at the output of the rectifier 27 is equal to the rms value measured by the measuring means 34, multiplied by a factor Z specific to the rectifier 27.
- the factor Z is equal to 0.9.
- the signal S1 is adapted to be applied to the control electrode of the switch 26 in order to control it.
- the duty cycle ⁇ determines, for a hash period of the switch 26, the percentage of time when the switch 26 will be closed, respectively open.
- the hash period is for example equal to 40us.
- the calculation means 31, represented on the figure 3 in the form of a block diagram 80, comprise a divider 82, a multiplier 84, a comparator 86, an integrator 88 and a summator 90.
- the various calculations made make it possible to calculate the duty cycle ⁇ .
- the calculation means 31 are adapted to receive three input data 92, 94, 96.
- the first input data 92 corresponds to an initial voltage U E (0), initially measured at the output of the rectifier 27, that is, ie before the control of the movable contact 17 in the closed position.
- the second input data 94 corresponds to the control voltage U A of the coil 14, and the third input data 96 corresponds to an instantaneous voltage U E ( ⁇ ) measured across the rectifier 27.
- the instantaneous voltage U E ( ⁇ ) corresponds to the last value of the positive voltage measured by the measuring means 34.
- the divider 82 is able to receive as input the initial voltage U E (0) and the set voltage U A and to output the first term T1.
- the first term T1 is calculated by means of the divider 82 and is equal to the ratio of the driving instruction voltage U A to the initial voltage U E (0).
- the duty cycle ⁇ before the control of the movable contact 17 in the closed position, is denoted ⁇ (0) and is equal to the first term T1.
- the multiplier 84 is adapted to receive as input the last value of the instantaneous voltage U E ( ⁇ ) measured at the output of the rectifier 27 and the last calculated value of the duty cycle ⁇ , also called instantaneous duty cycle ⁇ ( ⁇ ).
- the data outputted from the multiplier 84 is equal to the instantaneous voltage U E ( ⁇ ) measured at the output of the rectifier 27, multiplied by the instantaneous duty cycle ⁇ ( ⁇ ).
- the output of the multiplier 84 is compared, with the aid of the comparator 86 connected at the output of the multiplier 84, with the reference voltage U A in order to obtain an error E ( ⁇ ).
- the error E ( ⁇ ) corresponds to the difference between, on the one hand, the reference voltage U A and, on the other hand, the data outputted from the multiplier 84.
- This error E ( ⁇ ) is then integrated and multiplied by a gain G, using the integrator 88 connected to the output of the comparator 86.
- the integrator 88 is able to calculate the integral I (E ( ⁇ )) of the errors E ( ⁇ ) calculated from the beginning of the closing control of the movable contacts 17 and multiplies the integral I (E ( ⁇ )) of the errors by the gain G in order to obtain the second term T2.
- the summator 90 is able to receive the first term T1 and the second term T2 at the input, the summator 90 being connected at the output of the divider 82, on the one hand, and at the output of the integrator 88, on the other hand .
- the summator 90 is then adapted to deliver in output the value of the duty cycle ⁇ by summation of the first term T1 and the second term T2.
- the cyclic ratio ⁇ is constantly modified over time.
- ⁇ (t) denotes the different values of the duty ratio ⁇ over time.
- the measuring means 34 of the positive voltage U E are suitable for sampling the positive voltage U E measured, with a sampling frequency Fech
- the second term T2 is a function of the last sample U E (k) of measured voltage.
- the second term T2 is calculated according to a calculation period P1 equal to the inverse of the sampling frequency F ECH of the measurement of the voltage.
- T2 (k) denotes the second discretized term according to the calculation period P1, and is a function of the last sample U E (k) of measured voltage. Knowing that k is a representative index of time and that this index is incremented by 1 at each calculation period P1.
- the index k is equal to 0 when sending the command of the movable contact 17 in the closed position, then is incremented by 1 at each calculation period P1 during the closing of the movable contact 17, and is reset to zero when the movable contact 17 is in the closed position.
- ⁇ (k) is the cyclic ratio discretized according to the calculation period P1.
- the calculation period P1 is for example equal to 400 ⁇ s, and in the case where the hash period of the switch 26 is equal to 40 ⁇ s, this means that the duty cycle is updated every ten chopping periods.
- the second discretized term T2 (k) is calculated from a discretized error E (k) corresponding to the difference between, on the one hand, the target voltage U A and, on the other hand, the last sample U E ( k-1) measured voltage which is multiplied by the discretized duty cycle ⁇ (k-1), calculated at the previous calculation period P1.
- This discretized error E (k) is then integrated by performing the integral I (E (k)) of the discretized errors E (k) computed from the beginning of the closing control of the moving contacts 17 and the integral I (E ( k)) discretized errors E (k) is multiplied by a gain G in order to obtain the second discretized term T2 (k).
- the calculation means 31 are suitable for calculating the second discretized term T2 (k) and for updating the value of the discretized duty cycle ⁇ (k) for each calculation period P1, using the second discretized term T2 (k).
- the discretized duty cycle ⁇ (k) is equal to the sum of the first term T1 and the second discretized term T2 (k).
- a voltage control method of the coil 14 comprises different steps.
- a first step 102 consists of the calculation, by the control device 28, of the pulse width modulated signal S1 and of its duty ratio ⁇ .
- a second step 104 consists of applying the calculated signal S1, via the electrical connection 32, to the control electrode of the switch 26.
- a step 106 consists in measuring, via the measuring means 34, the initial voltage U E (0) at the output of the rectifier device 27, that is to say at the terminals of the switch 26 and the coil 14 connected in series, before the closing command of the movable contact 17.
- the duty ratio ⁇ is calculated, during step 114, by summing the first term T1 and the second term T2.
- the second term T2 is discretized and the second discretized term T2 (k) is calculated for each calculation period P1 as explained above.
- the duty cycle ⁇ is updated at each calculation period P1.
- the discretized duty cycle ⁇ (k) calculated as explained above is obtained.
- step 104 the process returns to step 112 and is repeated until closure of the movable contact 17 is detected.
- the method is repeated at each calculation period P1 until the closure of the movable contact 17 is detected.
- the cyclic ratio ⁇ is therefore variable over time, since it includes the second term T2 which is itself variable over time.
- the graph shows, on the ordinate, a current I E passing through the coil 14 expressed in Ampere (A), and in abscissa the time (t) expressed in seconds (s).
- a curve 120 represents the current I E passing through the coil 14 as a function of time (t), during the closing command of the movable contact 17 and with a supply voltage U C of the electronic control module equal to 115 volts.
- a second curve 122 is similar to the curve 120 but for a supply voltage U C equal to 230 volts.
- the curves 120, 122 have generally the same shape and the delay between the curve 120 and the curve 122 is minimized according to the invention.
- the supply voltages are variable, sinusoidal and the gain G is equal to 3.
- the graph shows, on the ordinate, a displacement D in mm relative to the fixed contacts 16, and on the abscissa the time (t) in seconds (s).
- a third curve 124 represents the displacement of the moving contact 17 as a function of time, for a supply voltage U C of the electronic control module 13 of 115 volts
- a fourth curve 126 represents the displacement of the moving contact 17 as a function of time for a supply voltage U C of 230 volts.
- the curves 124 and 126 represent, more precisely, the displacement D as a function of time, during the control of the closing of the movable contact 17.
- the movable contact 17 is generally closed when the displacement reaches its maximum value; that is to say here for a displacement D of about 5 mm. It is observed that the difference in closing time between the curve 124 and the curve 126 is 5.4 milliseconds knowing that the closing time of the movable contact 17 is between 60 ms and 68 ms.
- the closing dynamics as a function of the supply voltage U C is substantially identical regardless of the supply voltage of the electronic control module 13 and the voltage regulation is performed.
- figure 7 the evolution of the duty cycle ⁇ as a function of the time t in milliseconds (ms) is observed on a fifth curve 128, and on a sixth curve 130 the voltage U E at the output of the rectifier 27, expressed in volts, as a function of the time t expressed in ms.
- Curve 130 shows a drop in voltage U E as a function of time t. This voltage drop is due to a temporary weakening of the supply member 22.
- the curve 128 shows that the duty cycle ⁇ is variable over time and evolves to take into account the drop in the voltage U E measured in output of the rectifier 27. Indeed, the duty cycle ⁇ increases to take into account the voltage drop and so that the switch 26, remains in the closed position longer, to provide the coil 14 the voltage sufficient to act on the closure of the mobile contact 17.
- the value of the duty cycle ⁇ is high, in order to supply the coil 14 with voltage for a sufficient duration.
- This increase of the duty cycle ⁇ makes it possible to accelerate the closure of the movable contact 17, in order to take into account the delay taken in closing the movable contact 17 due to the fact that the measured voltage U E was lower than the set voltage U A .
- the delay is gradually caught up and the value of the duty cycle ⁇ gradually decreases.
- the objective is to have a duty cycle ⁇ of instantaneous value greater than the average value of this duty cycle ⁇ , during the closing phase of the movable contact 17, at the moment when the output voltage U E of the rectifier 27 becomes greater to the setpoint voltage U A , in order to correct the error.
- the gain G is chosen so as to minimize the difference in the closing dynamics of the contactor 10 regardless of the supply voltage U C of the electronic control module 13.
- the contactor 10 comprises a filter connected in series with the coil 14 and the switch 26.
- the voltage U E measured at the output of the rectifier 27 is different from the voltage measured at the terminals. of the switch 26 and the coil 14 connected in series.
- the power supply member 22 of the control module 13 is a single-phase voltage generator.
- the invention also applies to a contactor comprising a control module 13 supplied with three-phase voltage, the rectifier 27 then being able to convert the three-phase voltage supplied by the supply member 22. a positive voltage delivered across the switch 26 and the coil 14 connected in series.
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Description
La présente invention concerne un contacteur électrique et un procédé de pilotage d'une bobine électromagnétique d'un tel contacteur.The present invention relates to an electric contactor and a method for controlling an electromagnetic coil of such a contactor.
Le contacteur électrique comprend au moins une embase et un module de commande. L'embase comprend au moins une paire de contacts fixes et, pour chaque paire de contacts fixes, un contact mobile entre une position fermée et une position ouverte. Plus précisément, les contacts fixes sont reliés électriquement entre eux, lorsque le contact mobile est en position fermée, et isolés électriquement l'un de l'autre, lorsque le contact mobile est en position ouverte. L'embase inclut également une bobine électromagnétique apte à commander le ou chaque contact mobile en position fermée ou en position ouverte, et la bobine est caractérisée par une tension de consigne de pilotage. Le module de commande comprend un module électronique de pilotage de la bobine électromagnétique.The electrical contactor comprises at least one base and a control module. The base comprises at least one pair of fixed contacts and, for each pair of fixed contacts, a movable contact between a closed position and an open position. More specifically, the fixed contacts are electrically connected to each other, when the movable contact is in the closed position, and electrically isolated from each other, when the movable contact is in the open position. The base also includes an electromagnetic coil capable of controlling the or each movable contact in the closed position or in the open position, and the coil is characterized by a control setpoint voltage. The control module comprises an electronic module for controlling the electromagnetic coil.
Un enjeu persistant dans le domaine des contacteurs électriques est de faire fonctionner le contacteur avec un panel large et complet de tensions d'alimentation. Ainsi, il est connu de réaliser une adaptation en tension entre la tension d'alimentation du contacteur et la bobine électromagnétique. Cette adaptation est plus particulièrement nécessaire lors de la commande du ou de chaque contact mobile en position fermée. L'objectif est d'avoir une bobine unique quelle que soit la tension d'alimentation du contacteur. Pour cela, il est nécessaire que la tension de consigne de pilotage de la bobine soit inférieure à la tension d'alimentation minimale du contacteur.A persistent issue in the field of electrical contactors is to operate the contactor with a wide and complete panel of supply voltages. Thus, it is known to achieve a voltage adaptation between the supply voltage of the contactor and the electromagnetic coil. This adaptation is more particularly necessary when controlling the or each movable contact in the closed position. The goal is to have a single coil regardless of the contactor supply voltage. For this, it is necessary that the control voltage of the coil is lower than the minimum supply voltage of the contactor.
Dans le domaine de la régulation en tension d'un contacteur électrique, il est connu, qu'une bobine électromagnétique de faible tension de consigne de pilotage, associée à un module électronique de pilotage alimenté avec une tension élevée, c'est-à-dire par exemple 240 Volts, consomme un courant important. le document
Le but de l'invention est donc de proposer un contacteur électrique qui, lors de la commande du ou de chaque contact mobile en positon fermée, permet de réduire les différences dans les temps de fonctionnement entre une tension d'alimentation du contacteur en 110V et une tension d'alimentation du contacteur en 220V.The object of the invention is therefore to propose an electric contactor which, when controlling the or each movable contact in closed position, makes it possible to reduce the differences in the operating times between a supply voltage of the 110V contactor and 220V contactor supply voltage.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un contacteur électrique comprenant au moins une paire de contacts fixes et pour chaque paire de contacts fixes un contact mobile entre une position fermée et une position ouverte, les contacts fixes étant, en position fermée du contact mobile, reliés électriquement entre eux via le contact mobile, et étant isolés électriquement l'un de l'autre en position ouverte du contact mobile, une bobine électromagnétique apte à commander le ou chaque contact mobile en position fermée ou en position ouverte, et un module électronique de pilotage de la bobine électromagnétique, comportant un commutateur connecté en série de la bobine et un dispositif de commande du commutateur, le commutateur comportant deux électrodes de conduction et une électrode de commande, ledit dispositif de commande comportant des moyens de calcul d'un signal modulé en largeur d'impulsion et des moyens d'application du signal calculé à l'électrode de commande du commutateur. Conformément à l'invention, le signal modulé en largeur d'impulsion présente un rapport cyclique de valeur variable au cours du temps, lors de la commande du ou de chaque contact mobile en position fermée.For this purpose, the subject of the invention is an electrical contactor comprising at least one pair of fixed contacts and for each pair of fixed contacts a movable contact between a closed position and an open position, the fixed contacts being, in the closed position of the contact movable, electrically connected to each other via the movable contact, and being electrically isolated from each other in the open position of the movable contact, an electromagnetic coil adapted to control the or each movable contact in the closed position or in the open position, and a electronic module for controlling the electromagnetic coil, comprising a switch connected in series with the coil and a device for controlling the switch, the switch comprising two conduction electrodes and a control electrode, said control device comprising means for calculating a pulse width modulated signal and means for applying the calculated signal to the control electrode of the switch. According to the invention, the pulse width modulated signal has a cyclic ratio of variable value over time, during the control of the or each movable contact in the closed position.
Selon des aspects avantageux de l'invention, le contacteur électrique comprend en outre une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, prises isolément ou selon toutes les combinaisons techniquement admissibles :
- le module électronique de pilotage comprend en outre un générateur de tension positive, tel qu'un redresseur relié au commutateur et à la bobine connectés en série et propre à fournir une tension positive au commutateur et à la bobine, alors que le dispositif de commande comporte des moyens de mesure de la tension positive, et la valeur du rapport cyclique dépend de ladite tension mesurée ;
- la valeur du rapport cyclique dépend de ladite tension positive mesurée uniquement lors de la commande du ou de chaque contact mobile en position fermée ;
- le rapport cyclique est égal à la somme d'un premier terme de valeur constante et d'un second terme de valeur variable au cours du temps ;
- le premier terme est fonction d'une tension de consigne de pilotage de la bobine et de la valeur initiale de la tension positive, mesurée au moment de la commande de fermeture du ou de chaque contact mobile ;
- le second terme est fonction de la dernière valeur mesurée de la tension positive ; et
- les moyens de mesure de la tension sont propres à échantillonner la tension positive mesurée selon une fréquence d'échantillonnage, alors que les moyens de calculs sont aptes à calculer le second terme en fonction du dernier échantillon de tension positive et selon une période de calcul égale à l'inverse de la fréquence d'échantillonnage, et les moyens de calculs sont aptes à mettre à jour la valeur du rapport cyclique, à l'aide du second terme, à chaque période de calcul.
- the electronic control module further comprises a positive voltage generator, such as a rectifier connected to the switch and to the coil connected in series and able to supply a positive voltage to the switch and to the coil, while the control device comprises means for measuring the positive voltage, and the value of the duty cycle depends on said measured voltage;
- the value of the duty cycle depends on said positive voltage measured only during the control of the or each movable contact in the closed position;
- the duty ratio is equal to the sum of a first term of constant value and a second term of variable value over time;
- the first term is a function of a control voltage of the coil and the initial value of the positive voltage, measured at the time of the closure control of the or each movable contact;
- the second term is a function of the last measured value of the positive voltage; and
- the means for measuring the voltage are suitable for sampling the positive voltage measured according to a sampling frequency, whereas the calculating means are able to calculate the second term as a function of the last positive voltage sample and according to an equal calculation period in contrast to the sampling frequency, and the calculation means are able to update the value of the duty cycle, using the second term, at each calculation period.
L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de pilotage d'une bobine électromagnétique d'un contacteur, lequel contacteur comprend, au moins une paire de contacts fixes et, pour chaque paire de contacts fixes, un contact mobile entre une position fermée et une position ouverte, la bobine électromagnétique, et un module électronique de pilotage de la bobine comprenant un commutateur connecté en série de la bobine et un dispositif de commande du commutateur, la bobine étant apte à commander le ou chaque contact mobile en position fermée ou ouverte, le procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes :
- a) le calcul, par le dispositif de commande, d'un signal modulé en largeur d'impulsion, et
- b) l'application du signal calculé à une électrode de commande du commutateur. Conformément à l'invention, lors de l'étape de calcul, le signal modulé en largeur d'impulsion est calculé avec un rapport cyclique de valeur variable au cours du temps lors de la commande du ou de chaque contact mobile en position fermée.
- a) the calculation by the control device of a pulse width modulated signal, and
- b) applying the calculated signal to a control electrode of the switch. According to the invention, during the calculation step, the pulse width modulated signal is calculated with a cyclic ratio of variable value over time during the control of the or each movable contact in the closed position.
Selon des aspects avantageux de l'invention, le procédé de pilotage de la bobine électromagnétique du contacteur comprend en outre une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, prises isolément ou selon toutes les combinaisons techniquement admissibles :
- précédemment à l'étape a) le procédé comprend la mesure d'une tension positive, aux bornes d'un générateur de tension positive, tel qu'un redresseur, lequel redresseur est relié au commutateur et à la bobine connectés en série, et est propre à fournir la tension positive au commutateur et à la bobine, tandis qu'au cours de l'étape a) le rapport cyclique du signal modulé en largeur d'impulsion calculé dépend de la tension positive mesurée uniquement lors de la commande du ou de chaque contact mobile en position fermée ;
- l'étape a) comporte plusieurs étapes consistant à :
- a1) le calcul d'un premier terme de valeur constante
- a2) le calcul d'un second terme de valeur variable au cours du temps
- a3) le calcul du rapport cyclique en sommant le premier terme et le second terme, et à la suite de l'étape b) on retourne à l'étape a2), tant que le ou chaque contact mobile n'est pas en position fermée ;
- au cours de l'étape a1), le premier terme est calculé en fonction d'une tension de consigne de pilotage de la bobine et de la valeur initiale de la tension positive, cette valeur initiale étant mesurée au moment de la commande de fermeture du ou de chaque contact mobile, au cours de l'étape de mesure, et le rapport cyclique est fixé égal à ce premier terme ;
- au cours de l'étape a2), le second terme est calculé en fonction de la dernière valeur de la tension positive mesurée ;
- au cours de l'étape a1) le premier terme est calculé avec l'équation suivante :
au cours de l'étape a2) le second terme est calculé avec l'équation suivante :
au cours de l'étape a3) le rapport cyclique étant calculé avec l'équation suivante : - suite à l'étape b), le commutateur commute avec une certaine fréquence en fonction du rapport cyclique et modifie ainsi la tension aux bornes de la bobine.
- previously in step a) the method comprises measuring a positive voltage across a positive voltage generator, such as a rectifier, which rectifier is connected to the switch and coil connected in series, and is clean to supply the positive voltage to the switch and the coil, while in step a) the duty cycle of the modulated pulse width calculated signal depends on the positive voltage measured only when controlling the or each movable contact in the closed position;
- step a) comprises several steps consisting of:
- a1) calculating a first term of constant value
- a2) calculating a second term of variable value over time
- a3) calculating the duty cycle by summing the first term and the second term, and following step b) returning to step a2), as long as the or each movable contact is not in the closed position ;
- during step a1), the first term is calculated as a function of a control voltage of the coil and the initial value of the positive voltage, this initial value being measured at the time of the closing command of the or each moving contact, during the measuring step, and the duty cycle is set equal to this first term;
- during step a2), the second term is calculated as a function of the last value of the measured positive voltage;
- during step a1) the first term is calculated with the following equation:
during step a2) the second term is calculated with the following equation:
during step a3) the duty cycle being calculated with the following equation: - following step b), the switch switches with a certain frequency according to the duty cycle and thus modifies the voltage across the coil.
Grâce à l'invention, la fermeture complète des contacts mobiles du contacteur est assurée, le temps de fermeture des contacts mobiles est sensiblement constant quelle que soit la tension d'alimentation du contacteur, et la régulation en tension prend en compte des évolutions des différentes tensions dans le contacteur au cours du temps puisque le rapport cyclique varie dans le temps. Plus précisément, la régulation en tension prend en compte d'éventuelles chutes de tension dans le contacteur. De plus, la régulation permet de corriger la tension délivrée à la bobine afin de prendre en compte le cas où, la tension instantanée appliquée à la bobine et au commutateur connectés en série est inférieure à la tension de consigne de pilotage de la bobine.Thanks to the invention, the complete closing of the moving contacts of the contactor is ensured, the closing time of the moving contacts is substantially constant regardless of the supply voltage of the contactor, and the voltage regulation takes into account changes in the different voltages in the contactor over time as the duty cycle varies over time. More specifically, regulation in voltage takes into account possible voltage drops in the contactor. In addition, the regulation makes it possible to correct the voltage delivered to the coil in order to take into account the case where the instantaneous voltage applied to the coil and the switch connected in series is lower than the control setpoint voltage of the coil.
L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront à la lumière de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple non limitatif, et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :
- la
figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'un contacteur conforme à l'invention, comprenant une paire de contacts fixes, un contact mobile propre à ouvrir ou fermer la liaison électrique entre les contacts fixes, une bobine électromagnétique de commande du contact mobile et un module de pilotage de la bobine, ledit module comportant un commutateur connecté en série de la bobine ; - la
figure 2 est une représentation, partielle, d'un schéma électrique simplifié du contacteur de lafigure 1 ; - la
figure 3 est un schéma bloc représentant des moyens de calcul d'un rapport cyclique d'un signal modulé en largeur d'impulsion destiné à être appliqué au commutateur du contacteur de lafigures 1 ; - la
figure 4 est un organigramme d'un procédé, conforme à l'invention, de pilotage de la bobine de lafigure 1 ; - la
figure 5 est un ensemble de deux courbes représentant le courant traversant la bobine de lafigure 1 en fonction du temps, lors de la commande de fermeture du contact mobile de lafigure 1 , pour une tension d'alimentation du contacteur de 115 volts et respectivement pour une tension d'alimentation du contacteur de 230 volts ; - la
figure 6 est un ensemble de deux courbes représentant le déplacement du contact mobile de lafigure 1 en fonction du temps, lors de la commande de fermeture du contact mobile, pour une tension d'alimentation du contacteur de 115 volts, et respectivement pour une tension d'alimentation du contacteur égale à 230 volts ; - la
figure 7 est un ensemble de deux courbes, une première courbe représentant l'évolution d'un rapport cyclique en fonction du temps, le rapport cyclique étant propre à un signal modulé en largeur d'impulsion calculé par un dispositif de commande compris dans le contacteur de lafigure 1 et la deuxième courbe représentant la tension aux bornes de la bobine électromagnétique et du commutateur du contacteur de lafigure 1 connectés en série, en fonction du temps.
- the
figure 1 is a schematic representation of a contactor according to the invention, comprising a pair of fixed contacts, a movable contact capable of opening or closing the electrical connection between the fixed contacts, an electromagnetic control coil of the movable contact and a control module the coil, said module having a switch connected in series with the coil; - the
figure 2 is a partial representation of a simplified circuit diagram of the contactor of thefigure 1 ; - the
figure 3 is a block diagram showing means for calculating a duty cycle of a pulse width modulated signal to be applied to the contactor switch of thefigures 1 ; - the
figure 4 is a flowchart of a method, according to the invention, of driving the coil of thefigure 1 ; - the
figure 5 is a set of two curves representing the current flowing through the coil of thefigure 1 as a function of time, when the closing command of the mobile contact of thefigure 1 for a supply voltage of the contactor of 115 volts and respectively for a supply voltage of the contactor of 230 volts; - the
figure 6 is a set of two curves representing the displacement of the moving contact of thefigure 1 as a function of time, during the closing command of the movable contact, for a supply voltage of the contactor of 115 volts, and respectively for a supply voltage of the contactor equal to 230 volts; - the
figure 7 is a set of two curves, a first curve representing the evolution of a duty cycle as a function of time, the duty cycle being specific to a pulse width modulated signal calculated by a control device included in the contactor of thefigure 1 and the second curve representing the voltage across the electromagnetic coil and the switch of the contactor of thefigure 1 connected in series, as a function of time.
A la
L'embase 12 comporte la bobine électromagnétique 14, ainsi qu'au moins une paire de contacts fixes 16 et, pour chaque paire de contacts fixes 16, un contact 17, mobile entre une position fermée et une position ouverte. Les contacts fixes 16 sont, en position fermée du contact mobile 17, reliés électriquement entre eux via le contact mobile 17, et sont isolés électriquement l'un de l'autre en position ouverte du contact mobile 17. Chaque contact fixe 16 est destiné à être relié à un câble de liaison électrique. De plus, l'embase 12 comprend un connecteur 20 de connexion du module électronique de pilotage 13.The
Le module électronique de pilotage 13 est destiné à être alimenté par un organe d'alimentation 22 et comprend une carte électronique 24. La carte électronique 24 comprend un commutateur 26, un générateur d'une tension positive, variable au cours du temps ou continue, tel qu'un redresseur 27, un dispositif 28 de commande du commutateur 26, et des moyens 30 de protection, telle qu'une varistance en parallèle et une résistance série de limitation.The
La bobine électromagnétique 14 est apte à commander chaque contact mobile 17 en position fermée ou en position ouverte.The
L'organe d'alimentation 22 est propre à délivrer une tension UC d'alimentation du module électronique de pilotage 13, comme représenté sur la
Le commutateur 26 comprend deux électrodes de conduction et une électrode de commande qui ne sont pas représentées sur les différentes figures. Comme visible à la
Le redresseur 27 est propre à délivrer une tension continue UE aux bornes de l'ensemble formé par le commutateur 26 et la bobine 14 connectés en série. Le redresseur 27 est, par exemple, un pont de diodes qui réalise un redressement double alternance.The
Le dispositif de commande 28 inclut des moyens 31 de calcul d'un signal modulé en largeur d'impulsion S1, et une liaison électrique 32 avec le commutateur 26 afin d'appliquer le signal calculé S1 au commutateur 26, et plus spécifiquement à l'électrode de commande du commutateur 26, comme représenté sur la
En outre, le dispositif de commande 28 comporte des moyens 34 de mesure de la tension positive UE en sortie du redresseur 27. Comme visible à la
Les moyens de calcul 31 sont propres à calculer le signal modulé en largeur d'impulsion S1 avec une valeur du rapport cyclique α variable au cours du temps. La valeur du rapport cyclique α dépend par exemple de la tension positive UE. Les moyens de calcul 31 sont propres à calculer un premier terme T1 de valeur constante et un second terme T2 de valeur variable au cours du temps et à sommer ces termes T1, T2 pour obtenir le rapport cyclique α. Le rapport cyclique α du signal modulé en largeur d'impulsion S1 est alors bien de valeur variable au cours du temps puisqu'il est égal à la somme des premier et second termes T1, T2.The calculation means 31 are suitable for calculating the pulse width modulated signal S1 with a variable duty cycle value α over time. The value of the duty cycle α depends for example on the positive voltage U E. The calculation means 31 are suitable for calculating a first term T1 of constant value and a second term T2 of variable value over time and summing these terms T1, T2 to obtain the duty ratio α. The duty cycle α of the modulated signal in pulse width S1 is then of variable value over time since it is equal to the sum of the first and second terms T1, T2.
La tension positive UE en sortie du redresseur 27 est égale à la valeur efficace mesurée par les moyens de mesure 34, multipliée par un facteur Z propre au redresseur 27. Dans le cas d'un redresseur double alternance et sans dispositif particulier en sortie du redresseur, le facteur Z est égal à 0,9.The positive voltage U E at the output of the
Le signal S1 est propre à être appliqué à l'électrode de commande du commutateur 26 afin de le commander. Ainsi, lorsque le signal S1 est à « l'état haut », le commutateur 26 est fermé et le courant passe à travers la bobine 14, et lorsque le signal S1 est à « l'état bas », le commutateur 26 est ouvert et le courant ne passe pas à travers la bobine 14. Le rapport cyclique α détermine, pour une période de hachage du commutateur 26, le pourcentage de temps où le commutateur 26 sera fermé, respectivement ouvert. La période de hachage est par exemple égale à 40us.The signal S1 is adapted to be applied to the control electrode of the
Les moyens de calcul 31, représentés sur la
Les moyens de calcul 31 sont propres à recevoir trois données d'entrée 92, 94, 96. La première donnée d'entrée 92 correspond à une tension initiale UE(0), mesurée initialement en sortie du redresseur 27, c'est-à-dire avant la commande du contact mobile 17 en position fermée. La seconde donnée d'entrée 94 correspond à la tension de consigne UA de pilotage de la bobine 14, et la troisième donnée d'entrée 96 correspond à une tension instantanée UE(τ) mesurée aux bornes du redresseur 27. La tension instantanée UE(τ) correspond à la dernière valeur de la tension positive mesurée par les moyens de mesure 34.The calculation means 31 are adapted to receive three
Le diviseur 82 est propre à recevoir en entrée la tension initiale UE(0) et la tension de consigne UA et à délivrer en sortie le premier terme T1. Le premier terme T1 est calculé grâce au diviseur 82 et est égal au rapport de la tension UA de consigne de pilotage sur la tension initiale UE (0). L'équation de calcul du premier terme T1 s'écrit de la manière suivante :
Par ailleurs, le rapport cyclique α, avant la commande du contact mobile 17 en position fermée, est noté α(0) et est égal au premier terme T1.Furthermore, the duty cycle α, before the control of the
L'ensemble 98 formé par le multiplicateur 84, le comparateur 86 et l'intégrateur 88, connectés les uns à la suite des autres et dans cet ordre, permet le calcul du second terme T2. Le multiplicateur 84 est propre à recevoir en entrée la dernière valeur de la tension instantanée UE(τ) mesurée en sortie du redresseur 27 et la dernière valeur calculée du rapport cyclique α, également appelée rapport cyclique instantané α(τ). La donnée délivrée en sortie du multiplicateur 84 est égale à la tension instantanée UE(τ) mesurée en sortie du redresseur 27, multipliée par le rapport cyclique instantané α(τ). Puis, la donnée en sortie du multiplicateur 84 est comparée, à l'aide du comparateur 86 connecté en sortie du multiplicateur 84, avec la tension de consigne UA afin d'obtenir une erreur E(τ). L'erreur E(τ) correspond à la différence entre, d'une part, la tension de consigne UA et, d'autre part, la donnée délivrée en sortie du multiplicateur 84. Cette erreur E(τ) est ensuite intégrée et multipliée par un gain G, à l'aide de l'intégrateur 88 connecté en sortie du comparateur 86. L'intégrateur 88 est propre à calculer l'intégrale I(E(τ)) des erreurs E(τ) calculées depuis le début de la commande de fermeture des contacts mobiles 17 et multiplie l'intégrale I(E(τ)) des erreurs par le gain G afin d'obtenir le second terme T2.The
Puis, le sommateur 90 est propre à recevoir en entrée le premier terme T1 et le second terme T2, le sommateur 90 étant connecté en sortie du diviseur 82, d'une part, et en sortie de l'intégrateur 88, d'autre part. Le sommateur 90 est alors propre à délivrer en sortie la valeur du rapport cyclique α par sommation du premier terme T1 et du second terme T2. Le rapport cyclique α est constamment modifié au cours du temps. On note α(t) les différentes valeurs du rapport cyclique α au cours du temps.Then, the
Dans l'exemple de réalisation décrit, lors de la mise en oeuvre des moyens de calcul 31, les moyens de mesure 34 de la tension positive UE sont propres à échantillonner la tension positive UE mesurée, avec une fréquence d'échantillonnage Fech, et le second terme T2 est fonction du dernier échantillon UE(k) de tension mesuré. Autrement dit, le second terme T2 est calculé selon une période de calcul P1 égale à l'inverse de la fréquence d'échantillonnage FECH de la mesure de la tension. On note T2(k) le second terme discrétisé selon la période de calcul P1, et fonction du dernier échantillon UE(k) de tension mesuré. Sachant que k est un indice représentatif du temps et que cet indice est incrémenté de 1 à chaque période de calcul P1. L'indice k est égal à 0 lors de l'envoi de la commande du contact mobile 17 en position fermée, puis est incrémenté de 1 à chaque période de calcul P1 durant la fermeture du contact mobile 17, et est remis à zéro lorsque le contact mobile 17 est en position fermée. De la même manière on note α(k) le rapport cyclique discrétisé selon la période de calcul P1. La période de calcul P1 est par exemple égale à 400 us, et dans le cas où la période de hachage du commutateur 26 est égale à 40us, cela signifie que le rapport cyclique est mis à jour toutes les dix périodes de hachage.In the exemplary embodiment described, during the implementation of the calculation means 31, the measuring means 34 of the positive voltage U E are suitable for sampling the positive voltage U E measured, with a sampling frequency Fech, and the second term T2 is a function of the last sample U E (k) of measured voltage. In other words, the second term T2 is calculated according to a calculation period P1 equal to the inverse of the sampling frequency F ECH of the measurement of the voltage. T2 (k) denotes the second discretized term according to the calculation period P1, and is a function of the last sample U E (k) of measured voltage. Knowing that k is a representative index of time and that this index is incremented by 1 at each calculation period P1. The index k is equal to 0 when sending the command of the
Le second terme discrétisé T2(k) est calculé à partir d'une erreur discrétisée E(k) correspondant à la différence entre d'une part, la tension de consigne UA et, d'autre part, le dernier échantillon UE(k-1) de tension mesuré qui est multiplié par le rapport cyclique discrétisé α(k-1), calculé à la période de calcul P1 précédente. Cette erreur discrétisée E(k) est ensuite intégrée en effectuant l'intégrale I(E(k)) des erreurs discrétisées E(k) calculées depuis le début de la commande de fermeture des contacts mobiles 17 et l'intégrale I(E(k)) des erreurs discrétisées E(k) est multipliée par un gain G afin d'obtenir le second terme discrétisé T2(k). Ainsi, les moyens de calcul 31 sont propres à calculer le second terme discrétisé T2(k) et à mettre à jour la valeur du rapport cyclique discrétisé α(k) à chaque période de calcul P1, à l'aide du second terme discrétisé T2(k). En effet, le rapport cyclique discrétisé α(k) est égal à la somme du premier terme T1 et du second terme discrétisé T2(k).The second discretized term T2 (k) is calculated from a discretized error E (k) corresponding to the difference between, on the one hand, the target voltage U A and, on the other hand, the last sample U E ( k-1) measured voltage which is multiplied by the discretized duty cycle α (k-1), calculated at the previous calculation period P1. This discretized error E (k) is then integrated by performing the integral I (E (k)) of the discretized errors E (k) computed from the beginning of the closing control of the moving
De plus, le rapport cyclique α(0) d'indice 0 est égal au premier terme T1. L'équation de calcul du rapport cyclique discrétisé α(k) se présente de la manière suivante :
Ainsi, un procédé de pilotage en tension de la bobine 14 comprend différentes étapes. Une première étape 102 consiste en le calcul, par le dispositif de commande 28, du signal modulé en largeur d'impulsion S1 et de son rapport cyclique α. Puis une deuxième étape 104, consiste à l'application du signal S1 calculé, par l'intermédiaire de la liaison électrique 32, à l'électrode de commande du commutateur 26.Thus, a voltage control method of the
En complément, préalablement à l'étape de calcul 102, une étape 106 consiste à mesurer, via les moyens de mesure 34, la tension initiale UE(0) en sortie du dispositif redresseur 27, c'est-à-dire aux bornes du commutateur 26 et de la bobine 14 connectés en série, avant la commande de fermeture du contact mobile 17.In addition, prior to the
De plus, l'étape 102 de calcul du signal S1 comporte, par exemple, les étapes suivantes :
une étape 108 de calcul du premier terme T1 et au cours de laquelle, le rapport cyclique α est fixé égal au premier terme T1 ;une étape 112 de calcul du second terme T2 en fonction de la dernière valeur de tension UE mesurée en sortie du redresseur. En complément, la mesure de la tension UE est échantillonnée comme expliqué précédemment et le second terme discrétisé T2(k) est calculé de manière analogue à ce qui a été expliqué précédemment.
- a
step 108 for calculating the first term T1 and during which, the duty cycle α is set equal to the first term T1; - a
step 112 for calculating the second term T2 as a function of the last voltage value U E measured at the output of the rectifier. In addition, the measurement of the voltage U E is sampled as explained above and the second discretized term T2 (k) is calculated in a manner analogous to that explained above.
Suite à l'étape 112 de calcul du second terme T2, le rapport cyclique α est calculé, lors de l'étape 114, en sommant le premier terme T1 et le second terme T2. En complément, le second terme T2 est discrétisé et le second terme discrétisé T2(k) est calculé à chaque période de calcul P1 comme expliqué précédemment. Puis, grâce au calcul du second terme discrétisé T2(k), le rapport cyclique α est mis à jour à chaque période de calcul P1. On obtient le rapport cyclique discrétisé α(k) calculé comme expliqué précédemment.Following
Enfin, suite à l'étape 104, le procédé retourne à l'étape 112 et se répète jusqu'à ce que la fermeture du contact mobile 17 soit détectée. En complément, le procédé se répète à chaque période de calcul P1 jusqu'à ce que la fermeture du contact mobile 17 soit détectée.Finally, following
Le rapport cyclique α est donc variable au cours du temps, puisqu'il comporte le second terme T2 qui est lui-même variable au cours du temps.The cyclic ratio α is therefore variable over time, since it includes the second term T2 which is itself variable over time.
A la
De plus, à la
De plus, à la
De plus, on observe également que lorsque la tension mesurée UE en sortie du redresseur 27 est inférieure à la tension de consigne UA de la bobine 14, le rapport cyclique α augmente afin de prendre en compte le laps de temps pendant lequel la tension appliquée à la bobine 14 n'a aucun effet, puisqu'elle est inférieure à la tension de consigne UA. Cette augmentation du rapport cyclique α, correspond à une accumulation de l'erreur qui est restituée lorsque la tension UE en sortie du redresseur 27 est supérieure à la tension de consigne UA.Moreover, it is also observed that when the measured voltage U E at the output of the
Ainsi, au moment où la tension positive mesurée UE devient supérieure à la tension de consigne UA la valeur du rapport cyclique α est forte, afin d'alimenter en tension la bobine 14 pendant une durée suffisante. Cette augmentation du rapport cyclique α permet d'accélérer la fermeture du contact mobile 17, afin de prendre en compte le retard pris sur la fermeture du contact mobile 17 dû au fait que la tension mesurée UE était inférieure à la tension de consigne UA. Une fois que la tension mesurée UE devient supérieure à la tension de consigne UA, le retard est petit à petit rattrapé et la valeur du rapport cyclique α diminue progressivement. L'objectif est d'avoir un rapport cyclique α de valeur instantanée supérieure à la valeur moyenne de ce rapport cyclique α, lors de la phase de fermeture du contact mobile 17, au moment où la tension de sortie UE du redresseur 27 devient supérieure à la tension de consigne UA, afin de corriger l'erreur.Thus, at the moment when the measured positive voltage U E becomes greater than the setpoint voltage U A, the value of the duty cycle α is high, in order to supply the
Par ailleurs, l'évolution du rapport cyclique α au cours du temps permet d'éviter tout risque de non-fermeture complète du contact mobile 17, sachant que cette non-fermeture complète conduit parfois à la soudure du contact mobile 17 sur les contacts fixes 16.Furthermore, the evolution of the duty cycle α over time avoids any risk of non-complete closure of the
En outre, il est important de noter que le gain G est choisi de sorte à minimiser l'écart dans la dynamique de fermeture du contacteur 10 quelle que soit la tension d'alimentation UC du module électronique de pilotage 13.In addition, it is important to note that the gain G is chosen so as to minimize the difference in the closing dynamics of the
En variante, en sortie du redresseur 27, le contacteur 10, comprend un filtre connecté en série avec la bobine 14 et le commutateur 26. Dans ce cas, la tension UE mesurée en sortie du redresseur 27 est différente de la tension mesurée aux bornes du commutateur 26 et de la bobine 14 connectés en série.Alternatively, at the output of the
L'homme du métier comprendra que l'invention s'applique de manière analogue à un contacteur triphasé comprenant trois paires de contacts fixes et trois contacts mobiles, pour des applications en courant triphasé.Those skilled in the art will understand that the invention applies analogously to a three-phase contactor comprising three pairs of fixed contacts and three movable contacts for three-phase applications.
Dans l'exemple de réalisation des
Claims (11)
- Electrical contactor (10) comprising:• at least one pair of fixed contacts (16) and a contact (17) movable between a closed position and an open position for each pair of fixed contacts,
wherein the fixed contacts (16) are connected electrically to one another via the movable contact (17) in the closed position of the movable contact (17) and are insulated electrically from one another in the open position of the movable contact (17),• an electromagnetic coil (14) capable of controlling the or each movable contact (17) in closed position or in open position,• an electronic module (13) for controlling the electromagnetic coil (14) comprising a switch (26) connected in series with the coil (14) and a control device (28) for the switch (26), wherein the switch (26) comprises two conduction electrodes and a control electrode, and the electronic control module (13) additionally comprises a generator of positive voltage such as a rectifier (27) connected to the switch (26) and to the coil (14) that are connected in series and suitable for supplying a positive voltage (UE) to the switch (26) and to the coil (14),wherein said control device (28) comprises means (31) for calculating a pulse width modulated signal (S1) and means (32) for applying the calculated signal to the control electrode of the switch (26), and the pulse width modulated signal (S1) has a duty cycle (α) of variable value over time during the control of the or each movable contact (17) in closed position,
wherein the control device (28) comprises means (34) for measuring the positive voltage (UE) and
characterised in that the value of the duty cycle depends on said voltage (UE) measured solely during the control of the or each movable contact (17) in closed position. - Contactor according to claim 1, characterised in that the duty cycle (α) is equal to the sum of a first term (T1) of constant value and a second term (T2) of variable value over time.
- Contactor according to claim 2, characterised in that the first term (T1) is a function of a reference voltage (UA) for controlling the coil and the initial value (UE (0)) of the positive voltage (UE) measured at the moment of control of the closure of the or each movable contact.
- Contactor according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the second term (T2) is a function of the last measured value of the positive voltage (UE).
- Contactor according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterised in that the means (34) for measuring the voltage are suitable for sampling the positive voltage (UE) measured according to a sampling frequency (Fech), in that the calculating means are capable of calculating the second term (T2) as a function of the last sample of positive voltage (UE) and according to a calculation period (P1) equal to the reciprocal of the sampling frequency (Fech), and in that the calculating means (31) are capable of updating the value of the duty cycle (α) by means of the second term (T2) in each calculation period (P1).
- Method for controlling an electromagnetic coil of a contactor (10), which contactor comprises at least one pair of fixed contacts (16) and a contact (17) movable between a closed position and an open position for each pair of fixed contacts, the electromagnetic coil (14), and an electronic module (13) for controlling the coil (14) comprising a switch (26) connected in series with the coil (14) and a control device (28) for the switch (26), wherein the coil (14) is capable of controlling the or each movable contact (17) in closed position or in open position,
wherein the method comprises the following steps:a) calculation (102) by the control device (28) of a pulse width modulated signal (S1), wherein the pulse width modulated signal (S1) is calculated with a duty cycle (α) of variable value over time during the control of the or each movable contact (17) in closed position,b) application (104) of the calculated signal (S1) to a control electrode of the switch (26),and prior to step a) the method comprises
measurement (106) of a positive voltage (UE) at the terminals of a generator of positive voltage such as a rectifier (27), wherein said rectifier (27) is connected to the switch (26) and to the coil (14) that are connected in series and is suitable for supplying the positive voltage (UE) to the switch (26) and to the coil (14),
and characterised in that
during step a) the duty cycle (α) of the calculated pulse width modulated signal (S1) depends on the positive voltage (UE) measured solely during the control of the or each movable contact (17) in closed position. - Method according to claim 6, characterised in that step a) comprises several steps consisting of:a1) calculation (108) of a first term (T1) of constant valuea2) calculation (112) of a second term (T2) of variable value over timea3) calculation of the duty cycle (α) by adding the first term (T1) and the second term (T2),and in that following step b) step a2) is returned to while the or each movable contact (17) is not in closed position.
- Method according to claim 7, characterised in that during step a1) the first term (T1) is calculated as a function of a reference voltage (UA) for controlling the coil (14) and the initial value (UE (0)) of the positive voltage (UE), wherein this initial value is measured at the moment of control of the closure of the or each movable contact (17) during the measurement step (106), and in that the duty cycle (α) is set equal to this first term (T1).
- Method according to one of claims 7 to 8, characterised in that during step a2) the second term (T2) is calculated as a function of the last measured value of the positive voltage (UE).
- Method according to claims 8 and 9, characterised in that during step a1) the first term (T1) is calculated with the following equation:
in that during step a2) the second term (T2) is calculated with the following equation: - Method according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterised in that following step b) the switch (26) switches with a certain frequency as a function of the duty cycle (α) and modifies the voltage at the terminals of the coil (14).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1353328A FR3004581B1 (en) | 2013-04-12 | 2013-04-12 | ELECTRICAL CONTACTOR AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AN ELECTROMAGNETIC COIL IN SUCH A CONTACTOR |
PCT/EP2014/057361 WO2014167089A1 (en) | 2013-04-12 | 2014-04-11 | Electrical contactor and method for controlling an electromagnetic coil in such a contactor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2984671A1 EP2984671A1 (en) | 2016-02-17 |
EP2984671B1 true EP2984671B1 (en) | 2017-05-17 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP14716833.0A Active EP2984671B1 (en) | 2013-04-12 | 2014-04-11 | Electrical contactor and method for controlling an electromagnetic coil in such a contactor |
Country Status (4)
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---|---|
EP (1) | EP2984671B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2637187T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3004581B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014167089A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3119461A1 (en) | 2021-02-04 | 2022-08-05 | Schneider Electric Industries Sas | Method for estimating an operating state of an electrical switching device and electrical switching device for implementing such a method |
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US20170178847A1 (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-22 | Schneider Eletric Usa, Inc. | Arc energy reduction method and apparatus for multi-phase switching devices |
GB2585098A (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2020-12-30 | Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd | Switch-disconnector with current detection |
Family Cites Families (3)
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JP4075374B2 (en) * | 2001-12-26 | 2008-04-16 | 富士電機機器制御株式会社 | Electromagnet drive device |
ITTO20030778A1 (en) * | 2003-10-03 | 2005-04-04 | Fiat Ricerche | CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR THE PILOT OF A |
FR2940501B1 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2022-05-13 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | PROCESSING UNIT COMPRISING MEANS FOR CONTROLLING AN ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR AND ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR COMPRISING SUCH A PROCESSING UNIT |
-
2013
- 2013-04-12 FR FR1353328A patent/FR3004581B1/en active Active
-
2014
- 2014-04-11 EP EP14716833.0A patent/EP2984671B1/en active Active
- 2014-04-11 ES ES14716833.0T patent/ES2637187T3/en active Active
- 2014-04-11 WO PCT/EP2014/057361 patent/WO2014167089A1/en active Application Filing
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3119461A1 (en) | 2021-02-04 | 2022-08-05 | Schneider Electric Industries Sas | Method for estimating an operating state of an electrical switching device and electrical switching device for implementing such a method |
EP4040173A1 (en) | 2021-02-04 | 2022-08-10 | Schneider Electric Industries SAS | Method for estimating a state of operation of an electrical switching device and electrical switching device for implementing such a method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3004581B1 (en) | 2017-04-07 |
ES2637187T3 (en) | 2017-10-11 |
EP2984671A1 (en) | 2016-02-17 |
WO2014167089A1 (en) | 2014-10-16 |
FR3004581A1 (en) | 2014-10-17 |
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