EP2984437A1 - Appareil à faisceau de tubes et son utilisation - Google Patents

Appareil à faisceau de tubes et son utilisation

Info

Publication number
EP2984437A1
EP2984437A1 EP14717056.7A EP14717056A EP2984437A1 EP 2984437 A1 EP2984437 A1 EP 2984437A1 EP 14717056 A EP14717056 A EP 14717056A EP 2984437 A1 EP2984437 A1 EP 2984437A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
housing
tube bundle
tubes
tube sheet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14717056.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2984437B1 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Gunkel
Frank-Friedrich Pape
Klaus FOUQUET
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Priority to EP14717056.7A priority Critical patent/EP2984437B1/fr
Publication of EP2984437A1 publication Critical patent/EP2984437A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2984437B1 publication Critical patent/EP2984437B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0219—Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
    • F28F9/0224—Header boxes formed by sealing end plates into covers
    • F28F9/0226—Header boxes formed by sealing end plates into covers with resilient gaskets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a tube bundle apparatus comprising a housing with a tube bundle housed therein with tubes which are connected at one end to a first tubesheet and at the end opposite the first tubesheet are connected to a second tubesheet, the first and the second tubesheet Tube bottom are releasably secured in the housing.
  • the invention is further based on a use of the tube bundle apparatus.
  • Tube bundle apparatuses are generally used where heat transfer from a first medium to a second medium has to take place.
  • Corresponding apparatuses are, for example, heat exchangers or reactors.
  • the first medium flows through the tubes and the second medium through the space surrounding the tubes.
  • the fluid guide can be done in cocurrent, countercurrent, crosscurrent or cross-countercurrent.
  • the individual tubes of the tube bundle apparatus are guided by baffles with which the second medium circulating around the tubes is deflected. By deflecting along the baffles results in a meandering flow pattern for the medium flowing around the tubes.
  • the tubes are usually fluid-tightly received with their ends in a tube plate.
  • the tube bottoms are likewise connected in a fluid-tight manner to a jacket of the tube bundle apparatus.
  • the first tube plate and the second tube plate are each fixedly fastened in the housing of the tube bundle apparatus, whereby flange connections are usually used for this purpose.
  • flange connections are usually used for this purpose.
  • Common designs of tube sheets and their mounting are shown, for example, in Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, Eighth Edition, page 1 1 -34.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a tube bundle apparatus which does not have the disadvantages known from the prior art.
  • a tube bundle apparatus comprising a housing with a tube bundle accommodated therein with tubes which are connected at one end to a first tube plate and at the end opposite the first tube plate are connected to a second tube plate, wherein the first and the second tube sheet are releasably secured in the housing, wherein the first tube sheet with its opposite side of the tubes is supported on a stop on the housing and fixed to the stop and the second tube sheet is guided with a sealing element in the housing.
  • the tube bundle can move during operation of the tube bundle reactor within the housing.
  • the guidance of the second tube plate with a sealing element in the housing makes it possible, for example, for a different elongation of tubes and housing, in particular at very different temperatures of the guided in the tubes medium and the medium flowing around the tubes, the tube sheet within move the housing and can be compensated in this way different elongations due to temperature differences.
  • the sealing of the second tube plate with a gland seal allows on the one hand a displacement of the tube bottom within the housing and on the other hand, the spaces separated by the tubesheet inside the housing seal. This ensures that a fluid from the space, which is delimited by the tube plate and a housing cover flows into the tubes and continue to enter the medium added to the housing, which flows around the tubes, can not get into the inlet into the tubes.
  • the use of a sealing element designed as a stuffing box has the advantage that even when using media under high pressure, for example, a pressure of more than 100 bar and in particular with large pressure differences between the medium flowing through the pipes and the medium flowing around the pipes sufficient tightness between the spaces separated by the respective tubesheet can be ensured.
  • the use of a sealing element designed as a stuffing box has in particular the advantage that media with higher pressure differences between shell and tube side can be separated without causing a mixing of the streams.
  • the stuffing box packing, with sufficient dimensioning via compression is able to absorb the thermal growth of the tube bundle with respect to the casing during thermal stress. This is especially required on apparatuses with a large wall thickness, such as those used predominantly in the medium and high-pressure ranges, on the shell side, since the pipe side heats up significantly faster than the shell during transient heating or cooling processes.
  • the stop against which the first tube sheet is supported, comprises a split ring, which is received in a groove in the housing.
  • the ring may be divided into two or more segments. The division of the ring into two or more segments makes it possible to remove the individual segments from the housing, so that the tube plate and thus the tube bundle is freely displaceable in the housing after removal of the stop. This has the advantage that the tube bundle can be removed from both sides of the housing. So it is on the one hand possible to pull the tube bundle out of the housing, on the other hand, the tube bundle can also be pushed out of the housing.
  • the first tube sheet is fixed with a counter element against the stop.
  • the counter element is, for example, another ring, the outer diameter of which corresponds to the inner diameter of the jacket, which bears against the stop on the side opposite the tubesheet.
  • the connection of the counter element with the tube sheet takes place for example with clamping screws.
  • threaded rods for example, on the tubesheet, which are guided through corresponding openings in the counter element and fixed with suitable nuts.
  • a counter element designed in the form of a ring it is also possible to provide a plurality of counter elements.
  • a counter element for example in the form of a clamping hook, in each case in the region of a fixing, for example a clamping screw or a threaded rod.
  • a corresponding disc which bears against the stop on the side opposite the tubesheet.
  • a disk for each clamping screw or each threaded rod. It is also possible to make the discs so that several clamping screws or threaded rods are passed through a disc. In this case, it is necessary in each case for the disks to be designed so that the feed to the individual pipes of the tube bundle remains free.
  • the first tube sheet is mounted fluid-tight in the housing.
  • a sealing element is suitable in this case, for example, a flat gasket or a correspondingly sized O-ring.
  • the second sealing element, with which the first tube sheet is sealed relative to the housing can be used to fix the stuffing box.
  • a tube bundle with straight tubes can be made easier than a tube bundle with bent tubes, since a bending of the tubes is not necessary and the tubes can be easily threaded into the tubesheets.
  • a further advantage of the tube bundle apparatus according to the invention is that a cylindrical housing can be used by the use of two tube plates and straight tubes, so that the tube bundle can be pulled out of the housing on both sides or alternatively pressed out.
  • each of the end faces results in a space into which pipes open, one forming the inlet to the pipes and the other forming the outlet from the pipes.
  • In the middle there is another area surrounding the tubes, where a second medium can flow.
  • the design of the tube bundle apparatus such that the second tubesheet is guided with a sealing element in the housing has the advantage that, for example, for housing and tubes different materials can be used with different thermal expansion and always by the displaceability of the tube plate with a suitable sealing element a seal between the individual areas, in which the tube bundle apparatus is separated, is ensured.
  • different linear expansion for example At high temperatures, the second tubesheet shifts in the housing, so that it does not come to a tensile or compressive load on pipes or housing and possibly resulting in deformations.
  • Another advantage is that even large lengths of the pipes are possible by the displaceable tube sheet without it during operation of the tube bundle apparatus, for example, under high pressure or at high temperatures to deformation of the tubes or the housing.
  • the tube bundle apparatus according to the invention is usually used in systems in which a gaseous or liquid material flow has to be heated or cooled at a higher operating pressure.
  • the tube bundle apparatus can be used either as a tube bundle reactor or preferably as a heat exchanger or recuperator in a heat integration.
  • the tube bundle apparatus according to the invention is particularly suitable when large dimensions, such as long tubes, are required.
  • the tube bundle apparatus according to the invention is also particularly advantageous when high temperature differences occur between the media guided in the tube bundle apparatus or when the media are passed through the tube bundle apparatus at high temperatures. Under high temperature differences across the apparatus while temperature differences in the range of 50 to 350 ° C, preferably in the range of 50 to 200 ° C understood.
  • High temperatures in the context of the present invention are temperatures in the range of 100 to 500 ° C, preferably in the range of 100 to 350 ° C.
  • “higher operating pressure” is to be understood as meaning pressures in which the tube bundle apparatus can be advantageously operated, for example in the range from 60 to 500 bar, preferably in the range from 100 to 350 bar Tube side can be up to 100 bar.
  • the tube bundle apparatus according to the invention can also be operated at low temperature differences or low temperatures or low pressure differences or low pressures.
  • the operation of the reactor according to the invention is not limited to processes in which high pressure or temperature differences or high pressures or temperatures occur. Due to its design, however, it is particularly suitable for operation at high pressures and / or temperatures.
  • the tube bundle apparatus according to the invention is particularly suitable in processes in which the heat of reaction of an exothermic reaction of an adiabatically operated reactor system is intended to heat the reactor feed to the reaction temperature.
  • the reaction enthalpy containing reactor effluent is fed to one of the two sides of the tube bundle apparatus, while on the other side of the reactor inlet is supplied under heating to the system.
  • the apparatus according to the invention for use as a heat exchanger, for example in a process for the preparation of tertiary butylamine.
  • the tube bundle apparatus is used as a heat exchanger for heating the educt streams to the intended Reactor inlet temperature in the range of 230 to 320 ° C, for example, 300 ° C used.
  • the educt streams are each heated in a heat exchanger to the reactor inlet temperature and fed to the reactor.
  • the reaction then takes place in the reactor to form tertiary butylamine.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a tube bundle apparatus
  • Figure 2 shows a section of the fixed to a stop tube plate
  • Figure 3 shows a portion of the guided in the housing tube bottom.
  • a tube bundle apparatus 1 comprises a housing 3, which comprises a jacket 5, which is closed on both sides with a respective cover 7.
  • the jacket 5 is usually designed cylindrical, but can also take any other cross-section in addition to a circular cross section.
  • the cover 7 are usually attached to the jacket 5 each with a flange connection.
  • the tube bundle 9 comprises a first tube plate 1 1, a second tube plate 13 and tubes 15.
  • the tubes 15 are in each case with their ends in one of the two tube plates 1 1, 13 attached.
  • the tubes 15 are preferably fastened in the tubesheets 11, 13 such that they each terminate flush with the tubesheet 11, 13.
  • the tube sheets 1 1, 13 are fluid-tightly connected to the housing 3.
  • the first tube sheet 11 is detachably fixed to the housing 3 and the second tube sheet 13 is displaceably positioned in the casing 5 of the housing 3.
  • the housing 3 is divided into three areas.
  • a first region 17 and a second region 19 lie on the outer sides of the apparatus, respectively, so that the tubes 15 each open into one of the two regions 17, 19.
  • a connection 23 is provided in each of the lids 7.
  • a first fluid which may be liquid or gaseous
  • the medium flows through the tubes and enters the respective other region 19, 17 and leaves the tube bundle apparatus through the second connection 23.
  • a second medium, which flows around the tubes is fed via an inlet 25, which opens into the surrounding the tubes central region 21, and removed via a drain 27 from the central region.
  • the tube bundle apparatus 1 When the tube bundle apparatus 1 is used as a heat exchanger, it is possible, for example, to heat or cool the first medium flowing through the tubes.
  • a temperature control medium is passed through the central region 21.
  • the medium passed through the middle portion has a higher temperature than the medium to be heated, and when the medium to be cooled is cooled, the temperature of the medium passed through the central portion 21 is lower.
  • the guided through the tube bundle apparatus 1 media can be performed in cocurrent, countercurrent or crosscurrent or cross-countercurrent. If a current flow is provided in the cross-direct current or in the cross-countercurrent, deflection plates 29 are usually provided in the central region 21, around which the fluid is deflected.
  • a section of a tube bottom fixed in a housing by means of a stop is shown by way of example in FIG.
  • the first tube plate 11 is fixed against a stop 31.
  • the stop 31 may, for example, as shown in Figure 2, be formed as a ring which is guided in a groove 33.
  • the stopper 31 is formed as a split ring.
  • the stop 31 may have two or more segments. It is preferred if the stop 31 has more than two segments, as in this case a simpler installation is possible.
  • a counter element 35 is positioned on the side of the stop 31 opposite the first tube sheet 11.
  • clamping screws 37 are guided, which are screwed into a thread in the first tube sheet 1 1.
  • threaded rods it is also possible to form threaded rods on the first tube sheet, which are guided through a hole in the counter element 35 and fixed with a nut. The attachment with clamping screws 37 or via a threaded rod allows easy disassembly of the tube sheet, for example, to remove the tube bundle from the housing 3.
  • the first tube plate 11 is provided with a sealing element 39.
  • the sealing element 39 may be, for example, a flat gasket or an O-ring or as in FIG. 2 shown, a stuffing box packing.
  • designed as a stuffing box packing sealing element 39 is guided in a groove of the tube sheet and pressed against the stop 31, so that a fluid-tight connection between the tube sheet 1 1 and jacket 5 is generated. This avoids, on the one hand, that fluid from the first or second region, into which the tubes 15, which are led through the tubesheet 11, can flow into the middle region 21 or liquid from the middle region 21 into the first or second, respectively Area in which the pipes open, can pass.
  • the second tube sheet 13 is slidably mounted in the housing 3. This is shown by way of example in FIG.
  • the second tube sheet 13 is slidably mounted in the housing.
  • the second tube sheet 13 is guided with a sealing element 41 in the jacket 5 .
  • the sealing element 41 rests with one side on the jacket 5.
  • a sealing element 41 is suitable, for example, a stuffing box, which is pressed with a stuffing box 43. As a result, the stuffing box packing of the sealing element presses against the housing jacket 5 and thus achieves a fluid-tight connection.
  • the tube plate 13 is still displaceable in the jacket, so that, for example due to pressure or temperature differences occurring changes in length of the tubes 15 can be compensated by moving the second tube plate 13.
  • This allows in particular the construction of Rohrbündelap- paraten with very long pipes or pipes and housings made of different materials, which have different temperature elongations.
  • the connection produced by the clamping screw 37 or the threaded rod is released, the counter element 35 is removed and the stop 31 is removed from the groove.
  • the first tube sheet 1 1 slidably in the housing, so that the tube bundle 9 can be pulled or pushed out of the jacket 5.
  • the material for the pipes is any material from which pipes can be made. If the tube bundle apparatus 1 is to be used as a heat exchanger, it is preferred to use a material for the tubes, which is highly thermally conductive. It is preferred to use a metal. Suitable metals for the tubes 15 of the tube bundle are, for example, ferrous metals such as steels or also copper or aluminum.
  • the housing may also be made of corresponding metals. In addition to metals, however, the tubes and the housing can also be made of plastic, glass or ceramic.
  • the suitable material for pipes and housing is also dependent on the media to be passed through the pipes or through the central region in the housing. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil à faisceau de tubes, comprenant une enveloppe (3) dans laquelle est logé un faisceau (9) de tubes (15) reliés à une première plaque tubulaire (11) d'un côté et à une deuxième plaque tubulaire (13) du côté opposé à la première plaque tubulaire (11), la première et la deuxième plaque tubulaire (11, 13) étant fixées de manière démontable dans l'enveloppe (3). La première plaque tubulaire (11) s'appuie par son côté situé à l'opposé des tubes (15) contre une butée (31) de l'enveloppe (3) et elle est fixée à ladite butée (31), et la deuxième plaque tubulaire (13) est guidée dans l'enveloppe (3) par un élément d'étanchéité (41). L'invention concerne en outre une utilisation de l'appareil à faisceau de tubes.
EP14717056.7A 2013-04-11 2014-04-09 Appareil à faisceaux tubulaires ainsi que son utilisation Active EP2984437B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14717056.7A EP2984437B1 (fr) 2013-04-11 2014-04-09 Appareil à faisceaux tubulaires ainsi que son utilisation

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13163352 2013-04-11
EP14717056.7A EP2984437B1 (fr) 2013-04-11 2014-04-09 Appareil à faisceaux tubulaires ainsi que son utilisation
PCT/EP2014/057126 WO2014166981A1 (fr) 2013-04-11 2014-04-09 Appareil à faisceau de tubes et son utilisation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2984437A1 true EP2984437A1 (fr) 2016-02-17
EP2984437B1 EP2984437B1 (fr) 2017-07-12

Family

ID=48095662

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14717056.7A Active EP2984437B1 (fr) 2013-04-11 2014-04-09 Appareil à faisceaux tubulaires ainsi que son utilisation

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US10267577B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2984437B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2016514826A (fr)
CN (1) CN105121990B (fr)
WO (1) WO2014166981A1 (fr)

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US10984433B1 (en) 2017-04-24 2021-04-20 Skyline Products, Inc. Price optimization system

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2016514826A (ja) 2016-05-23
EP2984437B1 (fr) 2017-07-12
WO2014166981A1 (fr) 2014-10-16
CN105121990B (zh) 2018-01-12
CN105121990A (zh) 2015-12-02
US10267577B2 (en) 2019-04-23
US20160047608A1 (en) 2016-02-18

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