EP2983453A1 - Procede et appareil menager - Google Patents

Procede et appareil menager Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2983453A1
EP2983453A1 EP15176384.4A EP15176384A EP2983453A1 EP 2983453 A1 EP2983453 A1 EP 2983453A1 EP 15176384 A EP15176384 A EP 15176384A EP 2983453 A1 EP2983453 A1 EP 2983453A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
treated
treatment
characteristic
radiation
measuring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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EP15176384.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ulrich Sillmen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Miele und Cie KG
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Miele und Cie KG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Miele und Cie KG filed Critical Miele und Cie KG
Publication of EP2983453A1 publication Critical patent/EP2983453A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/6447—Method of operation or details of the microwave heating apparatus related to the use of detectors or sensors
    • H05B6/6467—Method of operation or details of the microwave heating apparatus related to the use of detectors or sensors using detectors with R.F. transmitters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/70—Feed lines
    • H05B6/705—Feed lines using microwave tuning

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for operating a household appliance and a domestic appliance with at least one treatment room and at least one treatment device for the treatment of items to be treated.
  • the domestic appliance additionally comprises at least one measuring system for the contactless determination of at least one characteristic parameter of the material to be treated.
  • One way to provide this information to the home appliance is by the user, e.g. B. by preselection of a particular food category. With such a preselection automatic can be achieved basically good results. However, a certain material to be treated usually also has individual properties, so that deviations may occur with the preselected material to be treated. In addition, the user is usually not all the properties of the material to be treated, which would be helpful for an optimally controlled treatment process, such. B. the moisture content of a roast piece.
  • the known devices and methods with regard to the information collected can still be improved.
  • the treatment result can be optimized and the reliability of automatic functions can be increased.
  • the inventive method is used to operate a household appliance.
  • At least one treatment device is provided for treating items to be treated in at least one treatment room.
  • at least one measuring system having at least one processing device, at least one characteristic parameter of the material to be treated is determined without contact.
  • the treatment device is controlled as a function of the determined parameter.
  • the measuring system generates at least temporarily electromagnetic measuring radiation.
  • the measuring system brings the measuring radiation into the treatment room at least temporarily with at least one transmitting device.
  • At least temporarily, measuring radiation influenced and directly reflected by the treatment product is received by at least one receiving device of the measuring system.
  • the measuring system detects at least one characteristic variable for a wave property of the received measuring radiation.
  • the processing device determines the characteristic characteristic of the material to be treated on the basis of the change in the wave property of the received measuring radiation in relation to the transmitted measuring radiation.
  • the method according to the invention has many advantages.
  • a significant advantage is that based on the received measuring radiation in relation to the transmitted measuring radiation at least one characteristic parameter of the material to be treated is determined without contact.
  • an improved contactless characterization of the material to be treated is achieved. For example, properties such as size, water content and / or volume temperature or the like can be determined. With such information about the respective item to be treated, the treatment result can be optimized and the reliability of automatic functions can be increased.
  • the baking time and baking temperature can be optimally adjusted by the determined moisture content of a cake.
  • the detected by the measuring system size preferably describes a wave property such. As phase, amplitude, frequency, wavelength and / or polarization. Also possible are other common in high-frequency technology or radar magnitudes for the detection of signals.
  • the Measured by the measuring system size is determined in particular as a function of frequency and / or as a function of time.
  • the change of the received measuring radiation in relation to the transmitted measuring radiation is preferably determined by the change of at least one of the at least one variable detected by the measuring system.
  • the change relates in particular to the phase and / or the amplitude of the measuring radiation.
  • the change in the received measuring radiation with respect to the transmitted measuring radiation relates to the frequency and / or the wavelength and / or the polarization and / or the angle of rotation or at least one other common size of the high-frequency technology.
  • the change is preferably detected and / or described by at least one scatter parameter or S parameter.
  • the radiation power absorbed by the material to be treated and / or the corresponding scattering parameter is taken into account as a function of the frequency.
  • the item to be treated is preferably an object which is introduced into the treatment room essentially for treatment. This can be, for example, an object to be cleaned and / or dried and / or a food or an object to be heated. It is also possible that the material to be treated is also introduced into the treatment room and / or only for determining the characteristic parameter.
  • Material to be treated in the sense of this application can also be any object in the treatment room which, in particular, has been introduced into the treatment room together with the object to be treated, in particular as an alternative.
  • a cooking vessel a laundry bag or a solvent or the like. It is possible that the characteristic characteristic of the actual material to be treated is determined together with the auxiliary material to be treated and / or separately from the auxiliary material to be introduced.
  • the measuring radiation is preferably emitted repeatedly.
  • the measuring radiation is emitted before the treatment and / or during the treatment and / or after the treatment of the material to be treated.
  • the measuring radiation influenced and directly reflected by the material to be treated is again received by the receiving device.
  • the characteristic characteristic of the material to be treated is preferably determined after the respective emission or reception.
  • the transmitting device preferably transmits the measuring radiation to the material to be treated, so that the material to be treated is subjected to the measuring radiation.
  • the material to be treated is introduced into the treatment space, the treatment space is closed off and the measurement radiation is emitted and received and evaluated again to determine the characteristic value.
  • the Treatment process to be started has the advantage that the treatment device can be optimally adjusted to the respective item to be treated by taking account of the parameter. It is also preferred that measuring radiation is emitted repeatedly during the treatment process and the parameter is determined. It is advantageous that changes in the material to be treated during or due to the treatment are detected and the treatment device can be adjusted accordingly.
  • the measuring radiation comprises at least two frequencies differing by at least 100 MHz between 10 megahertz and 1 terahertz.
  • a plurality and in particular a plurality of different frequencies are provided.
  • the measuring radiation may have a frequency width of at least 10% of the center frequency of the frequency band used. Also possible is a frequency width of at least 10% of the arithmetic mean of lower and upper limit frequency of the frequency band used. A frequency width of at least 20% of the corresponding arithmetic mean value is preferred.
  • the frequency width in particular comprises at least 250 megahertz and preferably at least 500 megahertz and / or at least one gigahertz and / or at least 5 gigahertz, and more preferably more than 10 gigahertz. Also possible are 20 gigahertz or more.
  • the frequencies are preferably in a frequency band with a bandwidth that is wider than the ISM band of a conventional Mikrowellengarilles marers (about 2.4 GHz - 2.5 GHz). Also possible are several bands. In particular, at least two bands are provided, the center frequencies of which have a spacing of at least one gigahertz and in particular at least five gigahertz and preferably ten or more gigahertz.
  • the transmitting device and / or the receiving device may have at least one antenna device suitable for the respective frequency width for transmitting or receiving. Also possible is an antenna device which is operated as a transmitting device and as a receiving device.
  • the antenna device may comprise one or two or more antennas for transmission and / or reception. It can also be provided at least one antenna array, wherein the individual antenna units cover individual bands or band areas and are preferably operated in parallel.
  • the measuring system is designed as an ultra-wideband system, which is designed for transmitting and receiving ultrabroadband signals and is operated as such. Also possible is an ultra-wideband radar device.
  • the advantages of such broadband measuring system compared to a narrow-band technique are that a very well resolved spectral information is available, by means of which the material to be treated can be characterized according to exactly.
  • the used or generated frequency width can be adjustable.
  • the resolution of the determined characteristics can be increased or reduced, depending on how detailed the information should be for the control of the treatment facility.
  • the transmitting device emits the measuring radiation at least temporarily as at least one pulse with a pulse duration shorter than a nanosecond.
  • the pulse duration is preferably in the range of one hundred or less picoseconds. Also possible is a pulse duration of a few picoseconds or less than a picosecond.
  • the pulse duration is dimensioned so short that the measurement radiation comprises as broad a frequency spectrum as possible according to a corresponding Fourier transformation. In particular, one of the frequency widths described above is to be achieved. An actual pulse can be generated directly.
  • the pulse can also be formed by scanning a suitable frequency spectrum with appropriate Fourier transformation.
  • the measuring system is at least partially designed as a reflectometer or operated as such.
  • at least one transmitting device and / or at least one receiving device may be formed as a reflectometer or comprise such.
  • the reflectometer may be designed as a one-port reflectometer, in which the transmitting device and the receiving device are combined in a common reflectometer antenna device.
  • a two-port reflectometer or a multi-port reflectometer is also possible.
  • the reflectometer can be used for measuring the measurement radiation reflected by the item to be treated and / or for measuring the measurement radiation transmitted by the item to be treated. In particular, corresponding further scattering parameters are determined as a function of the frequency. This has the advantage that diverse and well-resolved information about the material to be treated is obtained.
  • the measuring radiation received by the receiving device is analyzed by the processing device and that in this case the measuring radiation is received, which is received during a defined time window.
  • the beginning of the time window is at least partially dependent on the time of the emission of the measurement radiation.
  • the receiving device is synchronized with the transmitting device.
  • only the measuring radiation is received, which is received during a defined time window substantially.
  • the size detected by the measuring system is determined in particular as a function of time.
  • the duration and / or the beginning of the time window are in particular adjustable.
  • the time window is set so that essentially only the material to be treated reflected and / or transmitted measuring radiation is detected.
  • the adjustment is preferably carried out by the measuring system or the processing device.
  • the time window can also be set as a function of the transmission time of the pulse and / or of the pulse duration. The adjustment can also be made depending on already received measuring radiation.
  • the time window preferably starts after the emission of the pulse.
  • the duration of the time window is chosen in particular so that even short or ultrashort pulses can be used for the evaluation.
  • Such a development has the advantage that it can be determined by the choice of the time window from which spatial area or from which distance the received measuring radiation originates. For example, the characteristic variable determined from the measurement signal can be assigned to a specific region of the material to be treated. Another advantage is that with a correspondingly short time window, a spatially resolved analysis of the material to be treated is also possible in a correspondingly small treatment space.
  • At least partially influenced by the material to be treated and transmitted measuring radiation is received.
  • the use of transmitted and reflected by the material to be treated measuring radiation for the determination of the parameters allows a more detailed description of the material to be treated.
  • at least one further receiving device and / or at least one further transmitting device is provided. It is also possible to operate transmitting devices and receiving devices in pairs, wherein at least one pair of measuring radiation transmitted and reflected by the material to be treated is detected.
  • a transmitting device and two receiving devices may be provided, wherein the one receiving device is essentially provided for the measuring radiation reflected by the material to be treated and the other receiving device essentially for the measuring radiation transmitted by the material to be treated.
  • the one transmitting device is arranged in particular such that its measuring radiation strikes the receiving device after reflection from the material to be treated.
  • the other transmitting device is in particular arranged so that its measuring radiation strikes the receiving device after transmission through the material to be treated.
  • At least the receiving device and / or the transmitting device can be at least partially moved during the transmission and / or reception of the measuring radiation.
  • Possible is a method and / or pivoting and / or turning.
  • the movement is controllable such that at least a certain area of the treatment space can be detected by the measuring system.
  • Possible are a rasterized and / or a fluid movement. It is also possible that the movement is controlled in dependence of the received measuring radiation, z. B. in directional characteristics.
  • the receiving device and / or the transmitting device is at least partially moved along the material to be treated, with measuring radiation being emitted and received at certain positions.
  • measuring radiation which is transmitted and / or received during a defined time window can be taken into account at the positions.
  • a time window is run through at each position.
  • the positions can be increased or reduced depending on the desired resolution of the parameter.
  • the receiving device and the transmitting device can also be moved independently of each other. The movement can also be repeated at certain intervals.
  • the dielectric properties of at least one part of the material to be treated at at least two frequencies of the frequency band used are determined on the basis of the change of at least one characteristic wave property of the received measurement radiation with respect to the transmitted measurement radiation.
  • the dielectric properties can also be determined as a function of frequency.
  • the complex permittivity and / or its real part and / or its imaginary part is determined.
  • the absorption, reflection and / or transmission of the material to be treated is determined at the respective frequency.
  • the characteristic parameter of the material to be treated describes the shape and / or the contour and / or the volume and / or the moisture content and / or the density properties of the material to be treated.
  • the characteristic parameter preferably describes the temperature of at least part of the material to be treated and / or the material properties and / or the state of aggregation and / or the material composition and / or the consistency of the material to be treated.
  • the characteristic parameter can also describe the number of items to be treated, for example on individual parts. It can also describe the number of items to be treated.
  • the characteristic parameter can describe the temporal change of at least one property of the material to be treated. It is also possible to describe the position of the material to be treated in the treatment room.
  • a characteristic parameter in the sense of this application can also be any other property of the material to be treated, which can be described by the interaction with electromagnetic radiation.
  • the characteristic parameter is particularly suitable for providing information for controlling and / or regulating the treatment device. It is also possible that at least two or three or four or more different and / or identical characteristic parameters of the material to be treated are combined and, for example, offset against one another to provide at least one information for the treatment process. In this case, at least one characteristic parameter can also be determined as a function of at least one other characteristic parameter.
  • parameters and their use in the treatment in the household appliance are: the outer geometry of the material to be treated (possible in different stages of the approximation) in order to derive a treatment time and an optimal treatment temperature over the shortest path from outside to inside. If it is the treatment z. For example, do you cook whole potatoes or do you use small or large potatoes, potato pieces or slices? Is the cauliflower cooked as a whole or in florets of a size to be determined? Here, a statistical distribution of the piece sizes (approximated, for example, by spheres or cuboids) can be determined and considered. The (mean) moisture in the entire material to be treated. The average temperature throughout the material to be treated.
  • the state of aggregation (the phase) in the material to be treated is integral or spatially resolved.
  • dough distinguish dough (semi-liquid / doughy, unbaked) from firm ready-baked cake / bread. Pies change their condition from semi-liquid to firm. Detection of the finished state by appropriate characteristic. Determination of the absorption spectrum (for electromagnetic radiation) of the material to be treated. The spectrum can be seen as a fingerprint of the material to be treated. Derivation of food group information during cooking: meat, vegetables, bakery products.
  • the spectrum also contains a statement about the water content in the material to be treated. Structures in the spectrum (eg frequency location of maxima or the amplitude of maxima) provide information about the temperature of the material to be treated at the location (in the space volume element). The measured variables or the parameters can answer questions such.
  • Freshness and quality information can also be obtained from the dielectric spectra. For example, it is determined how long a roast beef has already hung or whether food has already been frozen and thawed one or more times. From this it can be calculated how the roasting process should be done: classic, if already sufficiently hung or first with an upstream low-temperature phase (for accelerated additional hanging) and then classic until the finished time.
  • the characteristic characteristic of the material to be treated is determined before the treatment and / or during the treatment and / or after the treatment.
  • the characteristic characteristic of the material to be treated is determined repeatedly.
  • the characteristic characteristic of the material to be treated is determined as a spatial distribution.
  • the parameter contains spatially resolved and / or three-dimensional information. It is also possible and preferred that the spatial distribution of one or two or more parameters within the material to be treated and / or the treatment room be determined. For example, the water content or the temperature or other parameters are determined at certain points of the material to be treated, for. B. in the middle of a roast piece. At least one parameter can be determined via the volume of material to be treated and / or the treatment room. The volume may also have previously been determined as a parameter. Also possible is a material-resolved determination of the parameter.
  • the parameter and / or the spatial distribution of the parameter are displayed graphically and / or as an image.
  • the characteristic variable for a wave property of the received measurement radiation and / or the change in the wave property of the received measurement radiation relative to the transmitted measurement radiation can also be spatially displayed.
  • parameters such as the temperature or material properties can be displayed in a false-color image of the material to be treated with spatial information.
  • certain discrete value ranges of the characteristic are assigned a color, for. B. the absorption of measuring radiation in a frequency interval.
  • z. B. the contours of the material to be treated and / or the treatment room can be displayed with appropriate colors.
  • the domestic appliance may comprise at least one display device and / or an interface for a display device.
  • the material to be treated may be aligned within the treatment space by at least one positioning device as a function of the characteristic parameter.
  • a motorized rotary and / or pivoting device may be provided, such.
  • the power and / or energy supplied by the treatment device to the material to be treated is set by at least one control device.
  • the control device is preferably operatively connected to the measuring system and the treatment device. It is also possible to set a plurality of treatment devices and / or thermal and / or dielectric heating devices. In this case, for example, the level of the supplied power and / or the duration of the power supply can be adjusted.
  • a spatial adjustment of the power supply, z For example, the direction and / or the distribution of the power supply can be adjusted by controlling a stirrer or the like.
  • the power supply can also be adjusted by adjusting the frequency.
  • the power of a spinner and / or drying device and / or a heat pump device is set as a function of the characteristic parameter.
  • the pressure and / or the atmospheric composition and / or the flow rate within the treatment space as a function of the characteristic parameter.
  • At least one target for the treatment can be predetermined by a user via an operating device.
  • the determined characteristic characteristic of the material to be treated is at least temporarily matched with the target. It is preferred that the treatment device is controlled at least partially as a function of the adjustment.
  • the user selects a program or an automatic function as a target.
  • the user may also select a category for the item to be treated, e.g. As a roast or a yeast dough cake as a category for a food.
  • the measuring system determines one or preferably several characteristic parameters, eg. As the size of a roast and its moisture content and the property of whether the roast is frozen or thawed. Based on this information, the treatment is controlled until the result meets the targets. For example, a convection heating source is first activated until the roast is thoroughly cooked, and then the roast is crisply browned by means of a grill heat source. The progress of the treatment is checked several times by the measuring system determining current values for the characteristic and comparing them with the targets.
  • the determined characteristic parameter is compared with at least one reference parameter stored in at least one memory device.
  • the reference characteristic of at least one defined material to be treated and / or at least one known substance and / or body is adjusted.
  • Discrete values or also averaged values can be provided.
  • the determined parameter is compared with several reference parameters.
  • several parameters can be compared with several reference parameters, eg. B. in the manner of a map control.
  • At least one mathematical approximation method can be used for the adjustment.
  • For Tolerance thresholds can be specified for the adjustment or can also be adapted dynamically as a function of the determined values. It is also possible that the adjustment is at least partially subject to an artificial learning ability, eg. In the manner of a fuzzy logic or the like.
  • the treatment device has at least one heating device.
  • the heater generates electromagnetic radiation for dielectrically heating the material to be treated.
  • the heater is designed as a microwave heating source.
  • the measuring radiation emitted by the transmitting device has, in particular, at least a ten times weaker power than the electromagnetic radiation of the heating device.
  • the measuring radiation emitted by the transmitting device has a transmitting power which is below the permissible limit values.
  • the power per frequency interval is below the respective permissible limit values and preferably below the corresponding free space limit values.
  • the domestic appliance according to the invention comprises at least one treatment room and at least one treatment facility for the treatment of items to be treated.
  • the domestic appliance additionally comprises at least one measuring system with at least one processing device for the contactless determination of at least one characteristic parameter of the material to be treated.
  • the treatment device is suitable and designed to be controlled as a function of the determined parameter.
  • the measuring system is suitable and designed to generate electromagnetic measuring radiation.
  • the measuring system has at least one transmitting device for the at least temporary transmission of electromagnetic measuring radiation into the treatment space.
  • the measuring system also has at least one receiving device for at least temporarily receiving measuring radiation influenced and directly reflected by the material to be treated. In this case, the measuring system is suitable and designed to detect at least one characteristic variable for a wave property of the received measuring radiation.
  • the processing device is suitable and designed to determine the characteristic characteristic of the material to be treated on the basis of the change in the wave property of the received measuring radiation in relation to the transmitted measuring radiation.
  • the domestic appliance according to the invention has many advantages.
  • a considerable advantage is that the domestic appliance has a measuring system with which at least one characteristic parameter of the material to be treated can be determined without contact.
  • the domestic appliance can acquire information about the item to be treated, which can be advantageously taken into account during operation. With such a domestic appliance, a particularly reliable program operation or automatic operation is possible.
  • Another advantage is that the determination of the characteristic Contactless and convenient happens without the user having to do extra work.
  • the domestic appliance according to the invention is particularly suitable and designed to be operated according to the above-described inventive method and / or a development of this method.
  • the transmitting device and / or the receiving device are at least partially adapted and adapted to process measuring radiation at least two different frequencies between 10 megahertz and 100 gigahertz in a frequency bandwidth of at least 10% of the center frequency of the frequency band used.
  • the transmitting device and / or the receiving device are designed and suitable for transmitting or receiving ultra-wideband signals.
  • the processing device is preferably designed for evaluating ultrabroadbandiger signals.
  • the transmitting device is at least partially designed and suitable to emit measuring radiation as at least one pulse at least temporarily and in particular repeatedly.
  • the pulse duration is shorter than a nanosecond.
  • the pulse duration is preferably in the range of one hundred or less picoseconds.
  • the measuring system comprises at least one ultra-wideband radar device and / or is designed as such.
  • the ultra-wideband radar device is preferably adapted and configured to transmit and receive ultra-wideband signals.
  • an ultrashort pulse can be emitted which comprises the widest possible frequency spectrum in accordance with a corresponding Fourier transformation.
  • the frequency width in particular comprises at least 250 megahertz and preferably at least 500 megahertz and / or at least one gigahertz and / or at least 5 gigahertz, and more preferably more than 10 gigahertz.
  • the treatment device is designed as a thermal heating source and / or a heating device for the dielectric heating of items to be treated or comprises such.
  • the treatment device can also be designed as a cleaning device and / or drying device and / or cooling device or comprise such.
  • the treatment device may be a heat pump and / or a condenser device of a dryer or a washing drum of a washing machine include. It is also possible any other configuration, as provided in treatment rooms of household appliances for the treatment of items to be treated.
  • the FIG. 1 shows a domestic appliance 1, which is designed here as a cooking appliance 100.
  • the cooking appliance 100 has a treatment chamber 3 designed as a cooking chamber 13.
  • a treatment device 2 is provided for the treatment of the material to be treated 200.
  • the treatment device 2 comprises a thermal heating source 103 and a heating device 12.
  • the heater 12 is provided for the dielectric heating of the material to be treated 200 and formed here as a Mikrowellenloomario.
  • the cooking chamber 13 is closed by a door 104.
  • a safety device not shown here is provided, which prevents operation of the heater 12 with the door open, so that leakage of microwave radiation is counteracted.
  • further heating sources such as a OberhitzeterrorismSystem and a lower heat radiator or a Dampfloomario or the like may be provided.
  • the cooking appliance 100 can be operated via an operating device 6.
  • the temperature in the cooking chamber 13 can be adjusted during the treatment process.
  • various other program modes and automatic functions may also be set.
  • the domestic appliance 1 has a measuring system 4 shown here in highly schematic form.
  • the measuring system 4 is provided for non-contact determination of various characteristic parameters of the material to be treated 200.
  • the treatment device 2 is controlled as a function of the determined parameters.
  • a parameter may be, for example, the internal temperature of the material to be treated 200.
  • the measuring system 4 can, for. B. also determine the distribution of resonance modes at certain frequencies in the treatment room.
  • the measuring system 4 comprises a transmitting device 14, a receiving device 24, a processing device 5 and a memory device 7.
  • the transmitting device 14 is suitable and designed to generate electromagnetic measuring radiation and to transmit it to the treatment chamber. In this case, at least part of the measuring radiation interacts with the material 200, which is not shown here, and is reflected by it again. The reflected measuring radiation is received by the receiving device 24.
  • At least one characteristic variable for a wave property of the received measuring radiation is detected by the measuring system 4.
  • the amplitude, frequency, phase or polarization or rotation angle is detected as a wave property.
  • the processing device 5 determines from the change of the wave property of the received measurement radiation with respect to the transmitted measurement radiation the characteristic characteristics of the processed material 200.
  • the respective wave properties of the emitted measurement radiation may be stored as corresponding reference values in the processing device 5 or detected by the measurement system 4 during emission be.
  • the determined parameters are taken into account in the treatment of the material to be treated 200.
  • the treatment device 2 is controlled as a function of the determined parameters.
  • the treatment device 2 is operatively connected to the measuring system 4. It is possible that further control devices not shown here are provided.
  • the temperature in the interior of the item to be treated 200 can be determined as a parameter. Depending on this temperature, the heating power of the thermal heat source 103 can then be adjusted accordingly.
  • the heat output of the heating source 103 is regulated so that optimal temperature conditions for cooking the roast piece prevail in the cooking space 13.
  • consideration of the parameters determined can also take account of user-specified target parameters.
  • the user z. B. pretend that he wants a very crispy roast crust.
  • the temperature of the thermal heating source 103 is up-regulated or switched on a GrillMap provoke when the measuring system 4 detects a temperature inside the roast piece, which corresponds to a Fertiggarddling.
  • FIG. 2 a household appliance 1 is shown in a highly schematic, sectional side view.
  • the domestic appliance 1 here is a cooking device 100 with a treatment chamber 3 designed as a cooking chamber 13.
  • the treatment device 2 comprises a thermal heating source 103 whose power is regulated by a control device 42.
  • the control device 42 is also operatively connected to the measuring system 4.
  • the measuring system 4 is designed as a reflectometer device 54, which is designed as a single-lens reflectometer.
  • the transmitting device 14 and the receiving device 24 are housed together in a reflectometer, which thus also serves as a transmitter and receiver.
  • the Refleometer worn 54 is also formed here as a broadband radar reflectometer.
  • electromagnetic measuring radiation is generated and transmitted, which is preferably in a frequency band which is at least 10 gigahertz wide.
  • the frequency band here is 15 gigahertz or 20 gigahertz or more wide.
  • the measuring radiation comprises at least two frequencies and preferably a plurality of frequencies. At least two of the frequencies differ by at least 100 gigahertz or more.
  • the measuring radiation may also have a frequency width of 10% or more of the center frequency of the frequency band used.
  • the measuring radiation is sent by the transmitting device 14 into the treatment space 3.
  • the measuring radiation inter alia interacts with the material to be treated 200 and is reflected by this.
  • the reflected measuring radiation is detected by the receiving device 24.
  • two independent sizes are measured here, z. B. Amount and phase.
  • the processing device 5 determines, based on the detected quantities, the frequency dependence of the ratio of radiation power transmitted into the treatment space 3 to reflected radiation power.
  • the measured variables can be designated, for example, with the scattering parameter S11, as are also known in vector network analyzers.
  • the processing device 5 From the measured, frequency-dependent scattering parameter S11 (as complex numbers, containing two independent measured variables), the processing device 5 first calculates the real-part components and the imaginary-component components of the complex permittivity Epsilon for each measurement frequency.
  • the complex S11 can be converted into complex epsilon.
  • the permittivity describes the properties of the material in
  • the real part and the imaginary part of the complex permittivity are computationally viewed by the processing device 5 in a Cole-Cole diagram.
  • a circular arc with a center point on the axis for the real part is writable.
  • the temperature of the material to be treated 200 results from the circle radius or the position of the circle center on the real part axis.
  • the values for circle radius or circle center are compared by the processing device 5 with corresponding reference values which are stored in the storage device 7 of the measuring system 4.
  • the reference value is, for example, a value for the radius of the circular arc or the position of the circle center on the real part axis of a known substance at defined temperatures. Also possible are reference values, which have been obtained by measuring defined treatment goods or by appropriate simulations. If, for example, the item to be treated 200 is a food, reference values for water or water-containing objects, based on the typical water content of foods, provide comparable results for the temperature determination.
  • the corresponding measuring points for the permittivity are as far as possible on the circle radius.
  • the methods presented here and the household appliances are particularly advantageous because a broadband radar reflectometer or ultra-wideband radars are used.
  • the broadband measuring radiation used in this case allows the corresponding measuring points for the permittivity to be far apart in terms of frequency, so that a corresponding accuracy and reliability of the temperature determination is possible.
  • the broadband measuring radiation is that correspondingly few measuring points are sufficient for a reliable temperature determination.
  • the measuring points on the circle radius are so far removed that a reliable construction of the center of the circle z. B. by secant formation and establishment of the perpendicular bisector is possible.
  • the center of the circle lies at the intersection of the mid-perpendiculars on the secant.
  • the center of the circle can also result from the average of the intersections of all mid-perpendiculars on the secants with the axis for the real part of the permittivity. In this case, the additional information is used that the midpoint must lie on the real axis part. It is also possible to fit a circle into all existing measuring points for the permittivity or to calculate them approximately. The center or circle radius is then calculated from this circle.
  • a reliable temperature determination of water or aqueous products 200 by means of measured values from a frequency band of only 10 gigahertz is possible.
  • the method requires only a correspondingly low technical complexity, so that an application in commercial household appliances is economically possible.
  • Another advantage of viewing in a Cole-Cole diagram is that it is relatively safe to deduce the circle from a comparatively small pitch circle segment because it is known that it is a circle, not an ellipse or even a circle more indefinite function course.
  • the reflectometer device 54 may also be formed as a two-port or multi-port reflectometer device 54.
  • further transmitting devices 14 or receiving devices 24 can be provided.
  • the principle of transmission measurement is also possible. This can be particularly advantageous in certain geometric conditions in the treatment space 3.
  • the transmission through the material to be treated 200 is also accessible to the measurement.
  • the scattering parameters S11 the scattering parameters S12, S21 and S22 can also be determined.
  • two or more reflectometer antennas can be provided. For more than two antennas, a variant is to operate them in pairs and to determine reflection and transmission for each pair.
  • the domestic appliance 1 shown here can also be designed as an alternative to the reflectometer device 54 with an ultra-wideband radar device 44, as described, for example, in US Pat. B. in the Fig. 3 is described.
  • the transmitting device 24 is opened only for a specific time window.
  • the processing device 5 only takes into account measurement radiation from a specific time window.
  • the time window preferably comprises only the duration of the reflex of the material to be treated 200.
  • the receiving device 24 or the processing device 5 is synchronized with the transmitting device 14 for generating the pulse.
  • Such a method and the household appliance 1 designed for such a method enable a very reliable and non-contact temperature determination of the item to be treated 200.
  • a particular advantage is that the temperature inside an object or item 200 can be measured without contact. With knowledge of the internal temperature or the volume temperature, the treatment process and the treatment device 2 can be influenced in a particularly targeted manner.
  • the heating source 103 is controlled such that an optimum temperature for the respective treatment is present in the item to be treated 200.
  • the volume temperature usually correlates very closely with the required cooking time of a food. This allows a very reliable control of automatic functions.
  • the FIG. 3 time a domestic appliance 1 in a highly schematic side view.
  • the domestic appliance 1 is designed here as a cooking appliance 100.
  • the treatment chamber 3 is a cooking chamber 13 and can be heated by a treatment device 2 designed as a thermal heating source 103.
  • the heating source 103 is operatively connected to a control device 42 and can be regulated by this.
  • the measuring system 4 is provided for determining characteristic characteristics of the material to be treated 200 and is designed as an ultra-wideband radar device 44.
  • the ultra-wideband radar device 44 here has two opposing antennas 440, 441.
  • an antenna in each case comprises a transmitting device 14, 140 and a receiving device 24, 240.
  • the antenna 440, 441 work as a transmitter and receiver.
  • the bandwidth of the radar is here preferably greater than 250 megahertz, and preferably greater than 10% of the center frequency of the frequency band used.
  • Particularly preferred is a frequency band which is released for such ultra-wideband applications.
  • a particularly preferred frequency range is, for example, from 100 megahertz to 30 gigahertz or even 100 gigahertz.
  • the measuring system 4 generates measuring radiation and sends it out to the treatment room 3 and to the material 200 to be treated. In this case, a part of the measuring radiation is reflected by the material to be treated 200 and runs back to the antenna 440, 441, from which the measuring radiation was emitted. Another part of the measuring radiation is transmitted from the material to be treated 200 and transmitted to the opposite antenna 440, 441. So is a capture of the Material 200 of reflected and transmitted measuring radiation possible.
  • the measuring system 4 detects at least one characteristic variable for a wave property of the received measuring radiation, such. As the amplitude, frequency, phase or polarization or angle of rotation. Based on the change in the wave property of the received measuring radiation in relation to the transmitted measuring radiation, the characteristic characteristic of the material to be treated 200 is determined. The change relates in particular to the phase and / or the amplitude and / or further characteristic parameters and can be described for example by corresponding scattering parameters.
  • the processing device 5 calculates the real part and the imaginary part of the complex permittivity from the detected wave properties.
  • the processing device 5 takes into account the frequency of the transmitted or received measuring radiation so that the complex permittivity or its real part or imaginary part can be determined as a function of the respective frequency or as a function of the frequency.
  • the processing unit 5 On the basis of the complex permittivity and its frequency dependence, a wide variety of characteristic parameters for the item to be treated 200 can be calculated by the processing unit 5.
  • the outer contour of the item to be treated 200, the temperature distribution or the moisture distribution in the interior of the item to be treated 200, the material composition, the density distribution and numerous other properties of the item to be treated 200 which can interact with electromagnetic measuring radiation can be represented.
  • a wide variety of parameters can be spatially resolved or can be determined or represented integrated over the volume of the material 200 to be treated. So z. B. from the integral moisture content in the material to be treated 200 over the treatment time of the moisture loss of the treated 200 and thus z. B. the cooking process can be determined.
  • the transmission devices 14, 140 of the ultra-wideband radar device 44 are designed here for emitting ultrashort pulses.
  • the duration of the pulses is in the picosecond range.
  • the pulses have correspondingly steep flanks.
  • the receiving devices 24, 240 are designed to receive the broadband pulses. In this case, the receiving devices 24, 240 detect only the measuring radiation, which lies within a certain time window.
  • the time window begins in an adjustable time after the transmission of the transmission pulse. Such a time window makes it possible to determine from which spatial area of the treatment space 3 or the material 200 the received measurement signal originates.
  • the momentum is influenced by the interaction with the item to be treated 200 so that characteristic wave sizes such as the phase or amplitude change.
  • the Changes are detected by the measuring system 4 and evaluated by the processing device 5 time-dependent, so that the electrical properties of the material to be treated can be determined in exactly the spatial area from which the received measuring radiation originates.
  • the spatial resolution is greater or smaller. If, for example, the spatial resolution is to be less detailed, one can work with a lower frequency bandwidth or the spatial information is averaged.
  • the FIG. 4 shows a highly schematic representation of another household appliance in a side view.
  • the measuring system here has an ultra-wideband radar device 44, which has pivotable transmitting device 14 and a pivotable receiving device 24. By pivoting, a spatially resolved description of characteristic parameters of the material to be treated 200 is made possible with only one transmitting device 14 and one receiving device 24.
  • the receiving device 24 is preferably pivoted in a spacing grid along the material 200 to be treated.
  • the transmitting device 14 retains its position. At each pivot position of the receiving device 24 measuring radiation is detected over the entire frequency band observed.
  • the receiving device 24 has a time window for the reception of the measuring radiation reflected and transmitted on the material to be treated, which is preferably passed through once completely. Subsequently, the transmitting device 14 is moved, wherein at this new position, the receiving device 24 is pivoted again along the spacing grid.
  • a directional characteristic is used, so that the transmitting device 14 is pivoted when the receiving device 24 receives a signal with a corresponding phase shift.
  • the measurement run described above can also be repeated in a desired time grid in order to observe the temporal behavior of the parameter of the material to be treated 200.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of a measuring system 4 with an ultra-wideband radar device 44.
  • the measuring system presented here is equipped with movable receiving devices 24, 240.
  • the transmitting device 14 is pivotable. During a measuring operation, the transmitting device 14 thereby assumes a specific pivoting position, while the receiving devices 24, 240 are moved along the material 200 to be treated. Preferably, the receiving devices 24, 240 are moved along a predetermined distance grid. Other combinations of stationary, movable and / or pivotable transmitting devices 14 or receiving devices are also possible.
  • a household appliance 1 with a measuring system 4 which allows a determination of the distribution of the radiation power in the treatment room 3. Cavity resonances are determined frequency-dependent, for example.
  • the treatment room is designed as a cooking chamber 13.
  • the electric heater 12 is provided.
  • the heating device 12 has an oscillator device 52 and an amplifier device 62, which together generate and amplify electromagnetic radiation power for heating the cooking chamber 13.
  • the heater 12 is controlled by a controller 42.
  • the measuring system 4 is designed here as an ultra-wideband radar device 44 and has a transmitting device 14, a receiving device 24 and a processing device 5.
  • the measuring system 4 operates substantially similar to that in the FIG. 3
  • the measuring system 4 shown here determines, based on the change in the wave property of the received measuring radiation with respect to the transmitted measuring radiation, a spatial power distribution of electromagnetic radiation. In this case, the power of the measuring radiation absorbed by the treatment space 3 and / or by the material to be treated 200 is determined as a function of the frequency.
  • the measurement system may also include an ultra-wideband radar device 44 or a reflectometer device 54 as previously described.
  • the common cavity resonances of the treatment chamber 3 and 200 treated material can be determined for this frequency.
  • the ultra-short pulses emitted as measuring radiation are preferably in the range of picoseconds to nanoseconds or even microseconds.
  • the frequency bandwidths associated with Fourier transformation are in particular in the range of a few 10 MHz to 1 Hz.
  • the pulse duration is chosen so that the reflected measuring radiation in the treatment chamber 3 is not superimposed on the way to the receiving device 24 with the incoming pulse.
  • the pulse length is selected to be so short that multiple reflections from different regions of the treatment space 3 can be discriminated from reflections at the treatment space 200.
  • the time window is set as described above.
  • cavity resonances Due to the frequency-dependent difference between transmitted and received power of the measuring radiation, cavity resonances appear at certain frequencies. With such cavity resonances, a particularly large amount of radiant power is absorbed by the item to be treated 200 and the treatment space 3. In this case, it is preferably assumed that the treatment area 3, which is usually metallically lined, exhibits a negligible absorption compared to the material 200 to be treated.
  • the cavity resonances are interpreted in particular as meaning the field distribution or the spatial distribution of electromagnetic waves Describe power supply within the treatment room and in particular within the material to be treated 200.
  • the cavity resonances therefore decisively determine the temperature distribution in the material to be treated 200.
  • the cavity resonances thus described by the measuring system 4 can essentially also be transferred to the radiation power supplied by the heating device 12 into the treatment space 3.
  • it can be predicted which cavity resonances will occur with the heater active.
  • Such a measuring method thus has the advantage that the spatial distribution of the radiation powers that can be supplied by the heating device 12 can be described in detail in a treatment space 3 of a given material 200 to be treated.
  • the power supply to the material 200 can be influenced in a targeted manner, for. B. by Stirrer or orientation of the material 200.
  • the complex permittivity for each measurement frequency in the frequency band of the ultra-wideband radar device 44 is preferably determined.
  • the absorption, reflection and transmission of electromagnetic radiation power of the respective frequency can be determined.
  • the domestic appliance 1 shown here also has the advantage that the heating device 12 can be controlled in accordance with the previously determined spatial power distribution.
  • the heating device 12 can be controlled in accordance with the previously determined spatial power distribution.
  • radiation power can be generated at the specific frequency or in a specific frequency range.
  • the oscillator device 52 is operatively connected to the control device 42 and controllable by this.
  • the frequency of the radiation power emitted by the heating device can be set as a function of the power distribution or the determined cavity resonances determined by the measuring system.
  • a frequency is chosen for which the item to be treated has previously shown a high or low absorption capacity in the measuring cycle. It is also possible for the heating device 12 to emit radiation power at different frequencies over time so that certain field distributions or cavity resonances can be superimposed in succession over time. With knowledge of the spatial absorption capacity of the material to be treated 200, it is also possible to supply a high radiation power to certain areas of the material to be treated 200 and to administer a correspondingly low radiation power to other areas. For example, food can be heated more in an inner area than in an outer area.
  • the FIG. 7 shows a trained as a cooking appliance 100 home appliance 1 with a measuring system 4.
  • the measuring system 4 substantially corresponds to the measuring system 4, as shown in the FIG. 6 has been described.
  • the heating device 12 has a transmission device 22 here.
  • the transmission device 22 is connected to the heater 12 via a waveguide device 72.
  • the transmission device 22 is provided here to distribute the electromagnetic radiation power generated by the heater 12 in the treatment room 3.
  • the transmission device 22 may be formed, for example, as a stirrer or impeller or the like.
  • metal-conducting metal sheets are provided which are moved by a motor and lead to a deflection of the radiation power emitted into the treatment chamber 3.
  • different vibration modes or cavity resonances in the treatment chamber 3 are achieved depending on the position of the stirrer or the rotary vane different vibration modes or cavity resonances in the treatment chamber 3 are achieved.
  • the cooking device 100 here also has a positioning device 32.
  • the positioning is designed, for example, as a turntable and serves to position or move the material to be treated 200 in the treatment space 3.
  • the transmission device 22 is here operatively connected to a control device 42, which in turn is operatively connected to the measuring system 4.
  • the transmission device 22 can be controlled as a function of the information determined by the measuring system.
  • the transfer device 22 is preferably aligned so that a desired power supply to the material to be treated 200 is achieved.
  • the change in the cavity resonances in the treatment chamber 3 after changing the position of the transmission device 22 can be monitored by the measuring system 4.
  • the measuring system 4 again transmits the cavity resonances when the transmission device 22 has been changed.
  • the positioning device 32 is set as a function of the cavity resonances determined by the measuring system 4.
  • the desired cavity resonance can also be approached by the heater 12 emits radiant power at a certain frequency, as for example for the cooking appliance 100 in the FIG. 6 has been described.
  • the information contained in the weighted sum may preferably have been determined in advance by a simulation or also by tests.
  • This information and other previously determined parameters of a power distribution are preferably stored as reference parameters in a memory device of the domestic appliance 1. When selecting a corresponding automatic program or another target by the user, the reference parameters are then adapted to the situation.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electric Ovens (AREA)
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CN106400428A (zh) * 2016-10-28 2017-02-15 广西大学 一种毛巾烘干装置
EP3253179A1 (fr) * 2016-06-01 2017-12-06 Miele & Cie. KG Procédé destiné au fonctionnement d'un appareil de cuisson et appareil de cuisson
EP3258742A1 (fr) * 2016-06-15 2017-12-20 Miele & Cie. KG Procédé destiné au fonctionnement d'un appareil de cuisson et appareil de cuisson
EP3324123A1 (fr) * 2016-11-22 2018-05-23 Miele & Cie. KG Procédé de chauffage d'un liquide en reconnaissance d'un point d'ébullition
EP3327356A1 (fr) * 2016-11-23 2018-05-30 Miele & Cie. KG Appareil de cuisson et procédé de fonctionnement d'appareil de cuisson
WO2018125151A1 (fr) 2016-12-29 2018-07-05 Whirlpool Corporation Dispositif de cuisson électromagnétique avec fonctionnement anti-éclaboussures automatique et procédé de commande de la cuisson dans le dispositif électromagnétique
CN111636172A (zh) * 2019-03-01 2020-09-08 Bsh家用电器有限公司 用于安排洗涤物护理器具的装载的方法
DE102019119075A1 (de) * 2019-07-15 2021-01-14 Miele & Cie. Kg Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Gargeräts und Gargerät

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DE102016116120B4 (de) 2016-08-30 2023-04-13 Miele & Cie. Kg Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Gargerätes und Gargerät
DE102017202881B3 (de) 2017-02-22 2018-07-05 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH Verfahren zum Garen von Gargut
DE102017206332A1 (de) 2017-04-12 2018-10-18 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. System zum Detektieren von nichtmetallischen, nicht-wasserhaltigen Substanzen in einer wasserhaltigen Probe, eine entsprechende Anlage und ein entsprechendes Verfahren
DE102019112517B4 (de) 2019-05-14 2022-05-25 Miele & Cie. Kg Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Geräts, insbesondere Gargerät, und Gerät
DE102019119071A1 (de) * 2019-07-15 2021-01-07 Miele & Cie. Kg Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Geräts, insbesondere Gargerät oder Trocknungsgerät, und Gerät
DE102019125551B4 (de) * 2019-09-23 2023-02-16 Topinox Sarl Verfahren zum Analysieren des Absorptionsverhaltens eines Objekts, Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Gargeräts sowie Analysegerät
DE102022127931A1 (de) 2022-10-21 2024-05-02 TRUMPF Hüttinger GmbH + Co. KG Werkstückbehandlungsvorrichtung zur Behandlung eines Werkstücks mit einer Mikrowelle und Verfahren zur Behandlung des Werkstücks mit der Mikrowelle

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Cited By (14)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3253179A1 (fr) * 2016-06-01 2017-12-06 Miele & Cie. KG Procédé destiné au fonctionnement d'un appareil de cuisson et appareil de cuisson
EP3258742A1 (fr) * 2016-06-15 2017-12-20 Miele & Cie. KG Procédé destiné au fonctionnement d'un appareil de cuisson et appareil de cuisson
CN106400428A (zh) * 2016-10-28 2017-02-15 广西大学 一种毛巾烘干装置
EP3324123A1 (fr) * 2016-11-22 2018-05-23 Miele & Cie. KG Procédé de chauffage d'un liquide en reconnaissance d'un point d'ébullition
EP3324123B1 (fr) 2016-11-22 2019-11-13 Miele & Cie. KG Procédé de chauffage d'un liquide en reconnaissance d'un point d'ébullition
EP3327356B1 (fr) 2016-11-23 2019-11-13 Miele & Cie. KG Appareil de cuisson et procédé de fonctionnement d'appareil de cuisson
EP3327356A1 (fr) * 2016-11-23 2018-05-30 Miele & Cie. KG Appareil de cuisson et procédé de fonctionnement d'appareil de cuisson
WO2018125151A1 (fr) 2016-12-29 2018-07-05 Whirlpool Corporation Dispositif de cuisson électromagnétique avec fonctionnement anti-éclaboussures automatique et procédé de commande de la cuisson dans le dispositif électromagnétique
EP3563637A4 (fr) * 2016-12-29 2020-08-12 Whirlpool Corporation Dispositif de cuisson électromagnétique avec fonctionnement anti-éclaboussures automatique et procédé de commande de la cuisson dans le dispositif électromagnétique
US11412585B2 (en) 2016-12-29 2022-08-09 Whirlpool Corporation Electromagnetic cooking device with automatic anti-splatter operation
CN111636172A (zh) * 2019-03-01 2020-09-08 Bsh家用电器有限公司 用于安排洗涤物护理器具的装载的方法
CN111636172B (zh) * 2019-03-01 2023-12-05 Bsh家用电器有限公司 用于安排洗涤物护理器具的装载的方法
DE102019119075A1 (de) * 2019-07-15 2021-01-14 Miele & Cie. Kg Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Gargeräts und Gargerät
WO2021008825A1 (fr) * 2019-07-15 2021-01-21 Miele & Cie. Kg Procédé pour le fonctionnement d'un appareil de cuisson et appareil de cuisson

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