EP2954106A2 - Fabric structure with cellular construction - Google Patents

Fabric structure with cellular construction

Info

Publication number
EP2954106A2
EP2954106A2 EP14712569.4A EP14712569A EP2954106A2 EP 2954106 A2 EP2954106 A2 EP 2954106A2 EP 14712569 A EP14712569 A EP 14712569A EP 2954106 A2 EP2954106 A2 EP 2954106A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weft
threads
fabric structure
warp
dimensional
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14712569.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2954106B1 (en
Inventor
Cornelia Sennewald
Gerald Hoffmann
Chokri Cherif
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technische Universitaet Dresden
Original Assignee
Technische Universitaet Dresden
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technische Universitaet Dresden filed Critical Technische Universitaet Dresden
Publication of EP2954106A2 publication Critical patent/EP2954106A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2954106B1 publication Critical patent/EP2954106B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D25/00—Woven fabrics not otherwise provided for
    • D03D25/005—Three-dimensional woven fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D11/00—Double or multi-ply fabrics not otherwise provided for
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/30—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the fibres or filaments
    • D03D15/37—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the fibres or filaments with specific cross-section or surface shape
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/40—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/44—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads with specific cross-section or surface shape
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/593—Stiff materials, e.g. cane or slat
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/60—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the warp or weft elements other than yarns or threads
    • D03D15/67—Metal wires
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D9/00—Open-work fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/20—Metallic fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/021—Lofty fabric with equidistantly spaced front and back plies, e.g. spacer fabrics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fabric structure with a cellular structure.
  • This fabric structure is intended for use in lightweight construction, for example.
  • Typical cellular lightweight metallic structures are metal foams. The production of these metal foams is very time consuming and costly. There are also lightweight structures made of lattice-shaped and honeycomb-structured polymeric materials. Recently, there have been isolated research activities on three-dimensional wire structures. Thus, at the Chonnam National University in South Korea, test structures made of wire helices were fabricated in a very elaborate 6-axis manufacturing process in a semi-automated process as described by Lee, Y.-H. et al. in A wire-woven cellular metal: Part-II, Evaluation by experiments and numerical simulations. Materials & Design, 30, pages 4459-4468, (2009), as well as in wire-woven bulk Kagome truss cores. Acta Materialia, 55, pp.
  • tissue structure with a cellular structure according to one of claims 1 to 16.
  • Such a tissue structure comprises
  • the fabric structure is formed by a plurality of three-dimensional cells and the height of each individual cell by the distance between two in the height direction z superposed warp threads of adjacent layers, the length of the cell by the distance between two adjacent weft x warp yarns of a layer and the width a cell by the extension of the weft thread course in the warp direction y and / or by the distance between two opposite in the warp direction y and the respective cell adjacent weft yarns are defined.
  • each weft thread runs dimensionally stable three-dimensionally and winds along the weft direction x through an axis extending in the weft direction x and in each case through a series of cells, thereby closing an imaginary, elongated hollow body extending through the cells through this axis with any face.
  • the weft threads with the Warp threads are interlaced in such a way that the weft threads and warp threads hold each other and the fabric structure carries itself.
  • the invention thus provides cellular three-dimensional self-supporting displacement-resistant structures, which are particularly suitable for lightweight construction.
  • the structures are of cellular construction, have reinforcing material in three spatial directions, are self-supporting and displacement-stable in all directions x, y, z.
  • the fabric structures may consist of wires as well as of non-metallic materials. By an appropriate material selection and combination of optionally different materials, the properties of the fabric structure can be set defined depending on the direction.
  • the fabric structure contains one or more additional cover layers, consisting at least of warp threads.
  • additional cover layers consisting at least of warp threads.
  • multilayer structures can be produced, wherein also dimensionally stable three-dimensional weft threads are used to ensure the displacement stability.
  • the weft threads are in turn inserted in at least two planes between the superimposed at least three cover layers, wherein a fabric structure between the superimposed cover layers is formed by a plurality of three-dimensional cells.
  • the height of each individual cell is determined by the distance between two warp threads of adjacent layers which lie one on the other in the height direction z
  • the length of the cell is defined by the distance between two warp threads of a layer adjacent to one another in the weft direction x and the width of a cell by the weft thread extension in the warp direction y and / or defined by the distance between two weft threads opposite each other in the warp direction y and adjacent to the respective cell.
  • each weft thread runs dimensionally stable three-dimensionally, at least in regions, and winds along the weft direction x about one in the weft direction x and each extending through a series of cells axis and includes around this axis an imaginary, by the Zel len extending three-dimensional elongated hollow body of any face.
  • the weft threads are interlaced with the warp threads in such a way that the weft threads and warp threads hold each other and the fabric structure itself bears between the two superimposed cover layers.
  • the imaginary three-dimensional hollow body has a circular cylindrical shape, around which the dimensionally stable, three-dimensional weft thread spirals along the weft direction x spirally, preferably helically with a constant pitch.
  • the spiral threads or spiral wires ensure the stability of the structure, in particular its displacement stability.
  • the imaginary three-dimensional hollow body has a prismatic shape with a triangular end face, around which the dimensionally stable, three-dimensional weft thread winds along the weft direction x in a zigzag line.
  • the imaginary three-dimensional hollow body can have any end faces, which thus can also be in the form of a rectangle, for example.
  • dimensionally stable, three-dimensionally extending threads can additionally be woven into the warp direction y, which wind around an axis running along the warp direction y and in each case with an imaginary three-dimensional elongated hollow body running through the cells include any end face.
  • the imaginary elongate hollow body can thus also be circular-cylindrical, prismatic or cuboid-shaped, for example, and the corresponding additional threads or wires can wind over the respective imaginary hollow body in a spiral or zigzag shape, depending on the shape.
  • dimensionally stable, three-dimensional weft threads and / or dimensionally stable, three-dimensional threads in the warp direction y with different orientation direction, in spiral threads with different direction of rotation of the winding be angeord net.
  • orientation directions of dimensionally stable, three-dimensional threads of adjacent layers may differ from each other.
  • dimensionally stable, three-dimensionally extending threads of the type described above in the weft direction x on the one hand and in the warp direction y on the other hand, multi-layered crossed to each other.
  • dimensionally stable, three-dimensionally extending threads of the type described above are woven in at least one layer exclusively as weft threads in the weft direction x and in the layer lying above or below exclusively in the warp direction y.
  • profiled threads of any shape can be woven in the warp direction y and / or in the weft direction x.
  • the profiled threads preferably have two-dimensional triangular or trapezoidal shapes.
  • the profiled threads are advantageously tied off by the warp threads of the base and the cover layer and / or - in the presence of several adjacent cover layers - by the warp threads of these mutually adjacent cover layers and cause the distance between the base and the cover layer or between two adjacent cover layers.
  • Each thread of the fabric structure advantageously has a defined cross-sectional geometry, which may be circular, triangular or rectangular.
  • the threads of the fabric structure may be made of metal or plastic.
  • all threads of the fabric structure are in the form of Wires and / or formed as a yarn.
  • the yarn used is preferably filaments or fiber yarn.
  • warp threads There may be individual, identically or variably spaced warp threads;
  • the warp threads can also be designed as closely adjacent groups of warp threads, in particular as warp thread pairs, these closely spaced warp thread groups being spaced apart from other warp thread groups.
  • the distance between the warp thread groups of a layer in the weft direction x in each case forms one cell length.
  • the cover layers are designed such that they are executed webtechnisch dense.
  • the distances between the warp threads and the distances between the weft threads almost correspond to the theoretically minimum achievable distances, that is, it creates the densest packing.
  • rows of cells with or without weft threads aligned in the weft direction x are contained in the fabric structure.
  • rows of cells with and without weft threads are arranged alternately.
  • tissue structures are possible in which the cell dimensions along the warp direction y and / or the weft direction x and / or - in the presence of multiple cover layers - vary along the height direction z. Automated production of the structures in a modified weaving process is possible.
  • a further aspect of the invention accordingly relates to a method for producing a fabric structure according to the invention, in which a is a feed of at least two superimposed layers of warp threads,
  • weft threads are woven, wherein a weft thread each dimensionally stable three-dimensional and along the weft direction x winds around an axis extending through a series of cells and thereby an imaginary, through the Zel len extending three-dimensional elongated hollow body about this axis enclosing with any end face,
  • Tissue structure in the z-direction is not irreversibly deformed.
  • the fabric take-off is done linearly oh ne application and stress of the fabric structure by superimposed rolls.
  • other forms of fabric removal in which the fabric structure is not irreversibly deformed in the z direction such as by the use of spaced needle rollers si nd possible.
  • the deduction of the wire structures is preferably carried out by an intermittent linear claw trigger.
  • the fabric is clamped between two jaws and withdrawn synchronously to the loom over a defined length. Thereafter, the clamping device is opened and moved back to the beginning and closed.
  • the peeled fabric piece is cut off and stored.
  • the further processing of the fabric is carried out by customary in the textile industry or in metal cutting and forming processes.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of a fabric structure according to the invention in all the above-mentioned embodiments as a lightweight material.
  • the structures can be used as a lightweight material and as crash or energy absorbing elements, inter alia, in mechanical engineering, plant construction and vehicle construction, in aerospace engineering as well as in medical technology or filter technology.
  • Tissue structures according to the invention can also be used in architecture, where they are suitable both as a functional and / or design element both in the exterior and the interior.
  • the mechanical properties of the structure can be adjusted by material variation / combination and by varying the cell sizes, ie the distances between the threads or the wires, according to the requirements.
  • 1a is a side view of a schematically illustrated fabric structure according to the invention along the weft direction x,
  • FIG. 1 b a side view of the fabric structure along the warp direction y
  • FIG. 1 c a top view of the fabric structure
  • FIG. 1 d a perspective view of the fabric structure
  • FIG Fig. 2 profiled threads with trapezoidal and triangular profile, prior art.
  • FIG. 1 a shows a side view of a schematically illustrated fabric structure 1 according to the invention along the weft direction x.
  • this weft thread 2 has a dimensionally stable three-dimensional shape and winds along the weft direction x about one in the weft direction x and in each case by a series of cells 3 extending axis 4.
  • the weft yarn 2 includes around this axis 4 an imaginary, extending through the cells 3 three-dimensional elongated hollow body with a circular end face 5, whereby the imaginary three-dimensional hollow body has a circular cylindrical shape to which the dimensionally stable, three-dimensional weft yarn 2 spirals along the weft direction x.
  • FIGs 1a and 1b show in the side views of the fabric structure 1 in the weft direction x and in the warp direction y a base 6 and a cover layer 7, between which a plurality of dimensionally stable spiral weft threads 2 are woven.
  • the tissue structure 1 is of cellular construction. There are - as shown in FIG. 1 b - in addition to cells 3, through which a weft thread 2 extends, even cells 9 through which no weft thread passes.
  • the height 8 of each individual cell 3, 9 is defined by the distance 8 between two warp threads 10, 11 of the adjacent layers 6 and 7 superposed in the height direction z.
  • FIG. 1 c shows a plan view of the fabric structure 1, wherein the warp threads 1 1 of the cover layer 7 and the weft threads 2 intersect in this plan view.
  • the synopsis of Figures 1c and 1 b shows that the tissue structure 1 by a plurality of three-dimensional cells 3, 9 is trained.
  • 1c shows the length 12 of the cells 3, 9 as the distance 12 between two warp threads 1 1 adjacent to one another in the weft direction 1 1 of a layer 7, in this case the cover layer 7.
  • the length 12 of the cells 3, 9, also applies the distance between two warp threads 10 of the base 6 adjacent in the weft direction x (not shown in FIG. 1c, cf. FIG. 1 b).
  • the width 13 of these cells 3 is defined in each case by the extent 13 of the weft thread course in the warp direction y.
  • the width 14 of a cell 9 results in each case by the distance 14 between two opposite in the warp direction y and to the cell 9 adjacent weft threads. 2
  • FIG. 1 d shows a perspective, schematic view, in all three spatial directions x, y, z, of a tissue structure 1 according to the invention with a cellular structure. Shown are the weft threads 2, which intersect with the warp threads 1 1 of the cover layer 7, whereby cells 3, 9 are formed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fabric structure (1) having a cellular construction. The fabric structure comprises • at least one base layer (6) consisting of warp threads (10), • at least one top layer (7) consisting of warp threads (11), and • weft threads (2) placed in between, wherein the fabric structure (1) is formed by a multiplicity of three-dimensional cells (3, 9) and the height (8) of each individual cell (3, 9) is defined by the spacing (8) between two warp threads (10, 11), located one above the other in the height direction z, in adjacent layers (6, 7), the length (12) of the cell (3, 9) is defined by the spacing (12) between two warp threads (10) or (11), adjacent in the weft direction x, in one layer (6, 7), and the width (13, 14) of a cell (3, 9) is defined by the extent (13) of the weft thread course in the warp direction y and/or by the spacing (14) between two weft threads (2) that are opposite in the warp direction y and adjacent to the particular cell (9). According to the invention, each weft thread (2) extends at least regionally in the fabric structure (1) in a dimensionally stable and three-dimensional manner and winds in the weft direction x about an axis (4) that extends in the weft direction x and in each case through a row of cells (3), and in the process encloses about this axis (4) an imaginary, three-dimensional elongate hollow body, extending through the cells (3), having any desired end face (5). The weft threads (2) intersect the warp threads (10, 11) such that the weft threads (2) and warp threads (10, 11) retain one another and the fabric structure (1) is self-supporting.

Description

Gewebestruktur mit zellularem Aufbau  Tissue structure with cellular construction
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Gewebestruktur mit zellularem Aufbau. Diese Gewebestruktur ist zum Beispiel für eine Verwendung im Leichtbau vorgesehen. The invention relates to a fabric structure with a cellular structure. This fabric structure is intended for use in lightweight construction, for example.
Typische zellulare metallische Leichtbaustrukturen sind Metallschäume. Die Herstellung dieser Metallschäume ist sehr zeit- und kostenintensiv. Es gibt auch Leichtbaustrukturen aus gitterförmig und wabenförmig aufgebauten polymeren Werkstoffen. In jüngster Zeit gab es vereinzelte Forschungsaktivitäten an dreidimensionalen Drahtstrukturen. So sind an der Chonnam National University in Südkorea Versuchsstrukturen aus Drahthelices in einem sehr aufwendigem 6-achsigen Herstellungsverfahren in einem halbautomatisierten Prozess gefertigt worden, wie von Lee, Y.-H. et al. in A wire-woven cellular metal: Part-Il, Evaluation by experiments and numerical simulations. Materials & Design, 30, Seiten 4459 bis 4468, (2009), sowie in Wire-woven bulk Kagome truss cores. Acta Materialia, 55, Seiten 6084 bis 6094, (2007), berichtet. Diese Strukturen sind aber weder selbsttragend noch verschiebestabil, sondern müssen in einer definierten Fixierstellung gehalten und durch Kleben, Löten oder Schweißen fixiert werden. Ein ähnliches, jedoch wesentlich einfacheres Herstellungsverfahren wird von der Firma Kieselstein® in Chemnitz angewendet, wie es unter anderem aus Kieselstein et al. Cellular metals based on 3d-wire structures, CELL- MET2008, 2nd International Symposium, October 8th - 10th, 2008, Dresden, bekannt ist. Bei diesem Prozess werden speziell geformte Drahtspiralen in einem dreiachsigen Verfahren zu dreidimensionalen Strukturen zusammengedreht. Dieses Verfahren ist auch sehr aufwändig und aufgrund der komplexen Anforderungen noch nicht vol lständig automatisiert. Die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Strukturen sind zum Teil nicht selbsttragend und nicht dimensionsstabil, das heißt, die einzelnen Lagen der Strukturen sind gegeneinander teilweise verschiebbar. Keine der bekannten Strukturen kann vollständig automatisiert gefertigt werden, beziehungsweise die Fertigung erfolgt in mehrstufigen Prozessen. Eine wirtschaftliche Fertigung dieser Leichtbaustrukturen ist damit nicht möglich. Typical cellular lightweight metallic structures are metal foams. The production of these metal foams is very time consuming and costly. There are also lightweight structures made of lattice-shaped and honeycomb-structured polymeric materials. Recently, there have been isolated research activities on three-dimensional wire structures. Thus, at the Chonnam National University in South Korea, test structures made of wire helices were fabricated in a very elaborate 6-axis manufacturing process in a semi-automated process as described by Lee, Y.-H. et al. in A wire-woven cellular metal: Part-II, Evaluation by experiments and numerical simulations. Materials & Design, 30, pages 4459-4468, (2009), as well as in wire-woven bulk Kagome truss cores. Acta Materialia, 55, pp. 6084-6094, (2007). However, these structures are neither self-supporting nor displacement stable, but must be kept in a defined fixing position and fixed by gluing, soldering or welding. A similar, but much simpler manufacturing process is used by the company Kieselstein® in Chemnitz, as described, inter alia, by Kieselstein et al. Cellular metals based on 3d-wire structures, CELL-MET2008, 2nd International Symposium, October 8th - 10th, 2008, Dresden, is known. In this process, specially shaped wire spirals are twisted into three-dimensional structures in a three-axis process. This process is also very complex and not completely automated due to the complex requirements. The known from the prior art structures are partly not self-supporting and not dimensionally stable, that is, the individual layers of the structures are partially mutually displaceable. None of the known structures can be manufactured fully automated, or the production takes place in multi-stage processes. An economical production of these lightweight structures is therefore not possible.
Daher ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, zellulare Strukturen bereitzustellen, die insbesondere den Anforderungen für den Leichtbau entsprechen und automatisiert herstellbar sind. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide cellular structures which correspond in particular to the requirements for lightweight construction and can be produced automatically.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird gelöst durch eine Gewebestruktur mit zellularem Aufbau nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16. Eine solche Gewebestruktur umfasst The object of the invention is achieved by a tissue structure with a cellular structure according to one of claims 1 to 16. Such a tissue structure comprises
· mindestens eine Grundlage, bestehend aus Kettfäden, · At least one basis consisting of warp threads,
• mindestens eine Decklage, bestehend aus Kettfäden, und  • at least one cover layer consisting of warp threads, and
• dazwischen eingelegte Schussfäden,  • inserted between weft threads,
wobei die Gewebestruktur durch eine Vielzahl von dreidimensionalen Zellen ausgebildet ist und die Höhe jeder einzelnen Zelle durch den Abstand zwischen zwei in der Höhenrichtung z übereinanderliegenden Kettfäden benachbarter Lagen, die Länge der Zelle durch den Abstand zwischen zwei in Schussrichtung x benachbarten Kettfäden einer Lage und die Breite einer Zelle durch die Ausdehnung des Schussfadenverlaufs in Kettrichtung y und/oder durch den Abstand zwischen zwei in Kettrichtung y gegenüberliegenden und zur jeweiligen Zelle benachbarten Schussfäden defin iert sind. Erfindungsgemäß verläuft in der Gewebestruktur zumindest bereichsweise jeder Schussfaden formstabil dreidimensional und windet sich entlang der Schussrichtung x um eine durch eine in Schussrichtung x und jeweils durch eine Reihe von Zellen verlaufende Achse und schließt dabei um diese Achse einen gedachten, durch die Zellen verlaufenden dreidimensionalen länglichen Hohlkörper mit beliebiger Stirnfläche ein. Dabei sind die Schussfäden mit den Kettfäden derart miteinander verkreuzt, dass sich die Schussfäden und Kettfäden gegenseitig halten und sich die Gewebestruktur selbst trägt. wherein the fabric structure is formed by a plurality of three-dimensional cells and the height of each individual cell by the distance between two in the height direction z superposed warp threads of adjacent layers, the length of the cell by the distance between two adjacent weft x warp yarns of a layer and the width a cell by the extension of the weft thread course in the warp direction y and / or by the distance between two opposite in the warp direction y and the respective cell adjacent weft yarns are defined. According to the invention, at least in regions, each weft thread runs dimensionally stable three-dimensionally and winds along the weft direction x through an axis extending in the weft direction x and in each case through a series of cells, thereby closing an imaginary, elongated hollow body extending through the cells through this axis with any face. Here are the weft threads with the Warp threads are interlaced in such a way that the weft threads and warp threads hold each other and the fabric structure carries itself.
Durch die Erfindung können somit zellulare dreidimensionale selbsttragende verschiebestabile Strukturen bereitgestellt werden, die insbesondere für den Leichtbau geeignet sind. Die Strukturen sind zellulär aufgebaut, verfügen über Verstärkungsmaterial in drei Raumrichtungen, sind selbsttragend und in alle Richtungen x, y, z verschiebestabil. Weiterhin können die Gewebestrukturen aus Drähten sowie aus nichtmetallischen Materialien bestehen. Durch eine entsprechende Materialauswahl und Kombination von gegebenenfalls verschiedenen Materialien können die Eigenschaften der Gewebestruktur richtungsabhängig definiert eingestellt werden. The invention thus provides cellular three-dimensional self-supporting displacement-resistant structures, which are particularly suitable for lightweight construction. The structures are of cellular construction, have reinforcing material in three spatial directions, are self-supporting and displacement-stable in all directions x, y, z. Furthermore, the fabric structures may consist of wires as well as of non-metallic materials. By an appropriate material selection and combination of optionally different materials, the properties of the fabric structure can be set defined depending on the direction.
Nach einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung enthält die Gewebestruktur eine oder mehrere zusätzliche Decklagen, bestehend zumindest aus Kettfäden. Somit können mehrlagige Strukturen erzeugt werden, wobei ebenfalls formstabile dreidimensionale Schussfäden zur Gewährleistung der Verschiebestabilität eingesetzt werden. Die Schussfäden sind dabei in mindestens zwei Ebenen wiederum zwischen den übereinanderliegenden mindestens drei Decklagen eingelegt, wobei eine Gewebestruktur zwischen den übereinanderliegenden Decklagen durch eine Vielzahl von dreidimensionalen Zellen ausgebildet ist. Dabei sind die Höhe jeder einzelnen Zelle durch den Abstand zwischen zwei in der Höhenrichtung z übereinanderliegenden Kettfäden benachbarter Lagen, die Länge der Zelle durch den Abstand zwischen zwei in Schussrichtung x benachbarten Kettfäden einer Lage und die Breite einer Zelle durch die Ausdehnung des Schussfadenverlaufs in Kettrichtung y und/oder durch den Abstand zwischen zwei in Kettrichtung y gegenüberliegenden und zur jeweiligen Zelle benachbarten Schussfäden definiert. Im Bereich der Gewebestruktur zwischen den übereinanderliegenden Decklagen verläuft zumindest bereichsweise jeder Schussfaden formstabil dreidimensional und windet sich entlang der Schussrichtung x um eine durch eine in Schussrichtung x und jeweils durch eine Reihe von Zellen verlaufende Achse und schließt dabei um diese Achse einen gedachten, durch die Zel len verlaufenden dreidimensionalen länglichen Hohlkörper beliebiger Stirnfläche ein. Die Schussfäden sind mit den Kettfäden derart miteinander verkreuzt, dass sich die Schussfäden und Kettfäden gegenseitig halten und sich die Gewebestruktur zwischen den beiden übereinanderliegenden Decklagen selbst trägt. According to one embodiment of the invention, the fabric structure contains one or more additional cover layers, consisting at least of warp threads. Thus, multilayer structures can be produced, wherein also dimensionally stable three-dimensional weft threads are used to ensure the displacement stability. The weft threads are in turn inserted in at least two planes between the superimposed at least three cover layers, wherein a fabric structure between the superimposed cover layers is formed by a plurality of three-dimensional cells. In this case, the height of each individual cell is determined by the distance between two warp threads of adjacent layers which lie one on the other in the height direction z, the length of the cell is defined by the distance between two warp threads of a layer adjacent to one another in the weft direction x and the width of a cell by the weft thread extension in the warp direction y and / or defined by the distance between two weft threads opposite each other in the warp direction y and adjacent to the respective cell. In the region of the fabric structure between the superimposed cover layers, each weft thread runs dimensionally stable three-dimensionally, at least in regions, and winds along the weft direction x about one in the weft direction x and each extending through a series of cells axis and includes around this axis an imaginary, by the Zel len extending three-dimensional elongated hollow body of any face. The weft threads are interlaced with the warp threads in such a way that the weft threads and warp threads hold each other and the fabric structure itself bears between the two superimposed cover layers.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist der gedachte dreidimensionale Hohlkörper eine kreiszylindrische Form auf, um die sich der formstabile, dreidimensional verlaufende Schussfaden entlang der Schussrichtung x spiralförmig, vorzugsweise helixförmig mit gleichbleibender Steigung, windet. Die Spiralfäden beziehungsweise Spiraldrähte sorgen für die Stabilität der Struktur, insbesondere deren Verschiebestabilität. Alternativ weist der gedachte dreidimensionale Hohlkörper eine prismatische Form mit dreieckiger Stirnfläche auf, um die sich der formstabile, dreidimensional verlaufende Schussfaden entlang der Schussrichtung x zickzacklinienförmig windet. Wie bereits erwähnt, kann der gedachte dreidimensionale Hohlkörper beliebige Stirnflächen aufweisen, die somit zum Beispiel auch in Form eines Rechtecks vorliegen können. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the imaginary three-dimensional hollow body has a circular cylindrical shape, around which the dimensionally stable, three-dimensional weft thread spirals along the weft direction x spirally, preferably helically with a constant pitch. The spiral threads or spiral wires ensure the stability of the structure, in particular its displacement stability. Alternatively, the imaginary three-dimensional hollow body has a prismatic shape with a triangular end face, around which the dimensionally stable, three-dimensional weft thread winds along the weft direction x in a zigzag line. As already mentioned, the imaginary three-dimensional hollow body can have any end faces, which thus can also be in the form of a rectangle, for example.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung können in die Gewebestruktur zusätzlich formstabile, dreidimensional verlaufende Fäden in Kettrichtung y eingewebt sein, die sich um eine entlang der Kettrichtung y verlaufende Achse winden und dabei jeweils um diese Achse einen gedachten, durch die Zellen verlaufenden dreidimensionalen länglichen Hohlkörper mit beliebiger Stirnfläche einschließen. Der gedachte längliche Hohlkörper kann somit zum Beispiel ebenfalls kreiszylinderförmig, prismatisch oder quaderförmig ausgebildet sein und die entsprechenden zusätzlichen Fäden beziehungsweise Drähte können den jeweiligen gedachten Hohlkörper je nach Form spiralförmig oder zickzacklinienförmig umwinden. Innerhalb einer Lage können formstabile, dreidimensional verlaufende Schussfäden und/oder formstabile, dreidimensional verlaufende Fäden in Kettrichtung y mit unterschiedlicher Orientierungsrichtung, bei spiralenförmigen Fäden mit unterschiedlicher Drehrichtung der Windung, angeord net sein. Natürlich können sich auch die Orientierungsrichtungen von formstabilen, dreidimensional verlaufenden Fäden benachbarter Lagen voneinander unterscheiden. According to a further embodiment of the invention, dimensionally stable, three-dimensionally extending threads can additionally be woven into the warp direction y, which wind around an axis running along the warp direction y and in each case with an imaginary three-dimensional elongated hollow body running through the cells include any end face. The imaginary elongate hollow body can thus also be circular-cylindrical, prismatic or cuboid-shaped, for example, and the corresponding additional threads or wires can wind over the respective imaginary hollow body in a spiral or zigzag shape, depending on the shape. Within a location can dimensionally stable, three-dimensional weft threads and / or dimensionally stable, three-dimensional threads in the warp direction y with different orientation direction, in spiral threads with different direction of rotation of the winding, be angeord net. Of course, the orientation directions of dimensionally stable, three-dimensional threads of adjacent layers may differ from each other.
Gemäß einer besonderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung liegen in der Gewebestruktur formstabile, dreidimensional verlaufende Fäden der oben beschriebenen Art in Schussrichtung x einerseits und in Kettrichtung y andererseits mehrlagig gekreuzt zueinander vor. Das heißt mit anderen Worten, dass formstabile, dreidimensional verlaufende Fäden der oben beschriebenen Art in mindestens einer Lage ausschließlich als Schussfäden in Schussrichtung x und in der darüber oder darunter folgenden Lage ausschließlich in Kettrichtung y eingewebt sind. According to a particular embodiment of the invention are in the fabric structure dimensionally stable, three-dimensionally extending threads of the type described above in the weft direction x on the one hand and in the warp direction y on the other hand, multi-layered crossed to each other. In other words, dimensionally stable, three-dimensionally extending threads of the type described above are woven in at least one layer exclusively as weft threads in the weft direction x and in the layer lying above or below exclusively in the warp direction y.
Ebenso können zusätzlich gestreckte und/oder profilierte Fäden beliebiger Form in Kettrichtung y und/oder in Schussrichtung x eingewebt sein. Vorzugsweise weisen die profilierten Fäden dabei zweidimensionale Dreiecksoder Trapezformen auf. Die profilierten Fäden werden vorteilhafterweise durch die Kettfäden der Grundlage und der Decklage und/oder - bei Vorhandensein mehrerer benachbarter Decklagen - durch die Kettfäden dieser zueinander benachbarten Decklagen abgebunden und bewirken den Abstand zwischen der Grundlage und der Decklage beziehungsweise zwischen zwei benachbarten Decklagen. Likewise, additionally drawn and / or profiled threads of any shape can be woven in the warp direction y and / or in the weft direction x. The profiled threads preferably have two-dimensional triangular or trapezoidal shapes. The profiled threads are advantageously tied off by the warp threads of the base and the cover layer and / or - in the presence of several adjacent cover layers - by the warp threads of these mutually adjacent cover layers and cause the distance between the base and the cover layer or between two adjacent cover layers.
Jeder Faden der Gewebestruktur weist vorteilhaft eine definierte Querschnittsgeometrie auf, die kreisförmig, dreieckig oder rechteckig sein kann. Die Fäden der Gewebestruktur können aus Metall oder Kunststoff bestehen. Vorzugsweise sind alle Fäden der Gewebestruktur in Form von Drähten und/oder als Garn ausgebildet. Als Garn werden bevorzugt Filamente oder Fasergarn verwendet. Each thread of the fabric structure advantageously has a defined cross-sectional geometry, which may be circular, triangular or rectangular. The threads of the fabric structure may be made of metal or plastic. Preferably, all threads of the fabric structure are in the form of Wires and / or formed as a yarn. The yarn used is preferably filaments or fiber yarn.
Es können einzelne, gleich oder variabel beabstandete Kettfäden vorliegen; die Kettfäden können aber auch als eng aneinanderliegende Gruppen von Kettfäden, insbesondere als Kettfadenpaare, ausgebildet sein, wobei diese eng aneinanderliegenden Kettfadengruppen zu anderen Kettfadengruppen beabstandet sind. Dabei bildet der Abstand zwischen den Kettfadengruppen einer Lage in Schussrichtung x jeweils eine Zellenlänge. There may be individual, identically or variably spaced warp threads; However, the warp threads can also be designed as closely adjacent groups of warp threads, in particular as warp thread pairs, these closely spaced warp thread groups being spaced apart from other warp thread groups. In this case, the distance between the warp thread groups of a layer in the weft direction x in each case forms one cell length.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Decklagen derart gestaltet, dass sie webtechnisch dicht ausgeführt sind. Dabei entsprechen die Abstände zwischen den Kettfäden und die Abstände zwischen den Schussfäden nahezu den theoretisch minimal erzielbaren Abständen, das heißt es entsteht die dichteste Packung. In a further embodiment of the invention, the cover layers are designed such that they are executed webtechnisch dense. The distances between the warp threads and the distances between the weft threads almost correspond to the theoretically minimum achievable distances, that is, it creates the densest packing.
Nach einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind in der Gewebestruktur in Schussrichtung x ausgerichtete Reihen von Zellen mit oder ohne Schussfäden enthalten. Dabei sind entsprechend einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsvariante entlang der Kettrichtung y und/oder - bei Vorhandensein mehrerer Decklagen - entlang der Höhenrichtung z in Schussrichtung x ausgerichtete Reihen von Zellen mit und ohne Schussfäden alternierend angeordnet. Des Weiteren sind im Rahmen der Erfindung Gewebestrukturen möglich, bei denen die Zellenabmessungen entlang der Kettrichtung y und/oder der Schussrichtung x und/oder - bei Vorhandensein mehrerer Decklagen - entlang der Höhenrichtung z variieren. Eine automatisierte Fertigung der Strukturen in einem modifizierten Webprozess ist möglich. Die Strukturen sind aufgrund ihrer Stabilität gut händelbar und können in nachgelagerten Prozessstufen weiterverarbeitet werden. Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft dementsprechend ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Gewebestruktur, bei dem a eine Zuführung von mindestens zwei übereinanderliegenden Lagen Kettfäden erfolgt, According to another embodiment of the invention, rows of cells with or without weft threads aligned in the weft direction x are contained in the fabric structure. Here, according to an advantageous embodiment along the warp direction y and / or - in the presence of multiple cover layers - along the height direction z aligned in the weft direction x rows of cells with and without weft threads are arranged alternately. Furthermore, in the context of the invention, tissue structures are possible in which the cell dimensions along the warp direction y and / or the weft direction x and / or - in the presence of multiple cover layers - vary along the height direction z. Automated production of the structures in a modified weaving process is possible. The structures are good because of their stability can be handled and can be further processed in downstream process stages. A further aspect of the invention accordingly relates to a method for producing a fabric structure according to the invention, in which a is a feed of at least two superimposed layers of warp threads,
b nach Fachbildung zwischen den übereinanderliegenden Kettfäden Schussfäden eingewebt werden, wobei ein Schussfaden jeweils formstabil dreidimensional verläuft und sich entlang der Schussrichtung x um eine durch eine Reihe von Zellen verlaufende Achse windet und dabei um diese Achse einen gedachten, durch die Zel len verlaufenden dreidimensionalen länglichen Hohlkörper mit beliebi ger Stirnfläche einschließt,  b after weft formation between the superimposed warp threads weft threads are woven, wherein a weft thread each dimensionally stable three-dimensional and along the weft direction x winds around an axis extending through a series of cells and thereby an imaginary, through the Zel len extending three-dimensional elongated hollow body about this axis enclosing with any end face,
c durch den Kettwechsel eine Verkreuzung zwischen Kett- und c by the chain change a crossing between warp and
Schussfäden entsteht und Weft threads arise and
d nach dem Webvorgang ein Warenabzug in der Weise erfolgt, dass die d after the weaving a fabric removal takes place in such a way that the
Gewebestruktur in z-Richtung nicht irreversibel verformt wird. Vorzugsweise erfolgt der Warenabzug dabei linear oh ne Anwendung und Beanspruchung der Gewebestruktur durch übereinanderliegende Walzen. Aber auch andere Formen des Warenabzugs, bei denen die Gewebestruktur in z- Richtung nicht irreversibel verformt wird, wie zum Beispiel durch die Anwendung voneinander beabstandeter Nadelwalzen, si nd möglich. Tissue structure in the z-direction is not irreversibly deformed. Preferably, the fabric take-off is done linearly oh ne application and stress of the fabric structure by superimposed rolls. However, other forms of fabric removal in which the fabric structure is not irreversibly deformed in the z direction, such as by the use of spaced needle rollers si nd possible.
Der Abzug der Drahtstrukturen erfolgt vorzugsweise durch einen intermittierenden linear arbeitenden Klauenabzug. Das Gewebe wird zwischen zwei Klauen geklemmt und synchron zur Webmaschine über eine definierte Länge abgezogen. Danach wird die Klemmeinrichtung geöffnet und wieder an den Anfang versetzt und geschlossen. Das abgezogene Gewebestück wird abgeschnitten und gespeichert. Die Weiterverarbeitung der Gewebe erfolgt durch in der Textilindustrie beziehungsweise in der Metallbearbeitung übliche Zuschnitt- und Umformprozesse. Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung einer erfindungsgemäßen Gewebestruktur in allen oben aufgeführten Ausführungsformen als Leichtbauwerkstoff. Die Strukturen können als Leichtbauwerkstoff und als crash- beziehungsweise energieabsorbierende Elemente unter anderem im Maschinen-, Anlagen- und Fahrzeugbau, in der Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik sowie in der Medizintechnik beziehungsweise Filtertechnik eingesetzt werden. Erfindungsgemäße Gewebestrukturen können auch in der Architektur eingesetzt werden, wo sie sowohl im Außen- als auch im Innenbereich als funktionale und/oder Designelem ente geeignet sind. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Struktur lassen sich durch Materialvariation/ -kombination sowie durch Variation der Zellgrößen, das heißt den Abständen zwischen den Fäden beziehungsweise den Drähten, anforderungsgerecht einstellen. The deduction of the wire structures is preferably carried out by an intermittent linear claw trigger. The fabric is clamped between two jaws and withdrawn synchronously to the loom over a defined length. Thereafter, the clamping device is opened and moved back to the beginning and closed. The peeled fabric piece is cut off and stored. The further processing of the fabric is carried out by customary in the textile industry or in metal cutting and forming processes. Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of a fabric structure according to the invention in all the above-mentioned embodiments as a lightweight material. The structures can be used as a lightweight material and as crash or energy absorbing elements, inter alia, in mechanical engineering, plant construction and vehicle construction, in aerospace engineering as well as in medical technology or filter technology. Tissue structures according to the invention can also be used in architecture, where they are suitable both as a functional and / or design element both in the exterior and the interior. The mechanical properties of the structure can be adjusted by material variation / combination and by varying the cell sizes, ie the distances between the threads or the wires, according to the requirements.
Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen mit Bezugnahme auf die zugehörigen Zeichnungen. Es zeigen: Further details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1a: eine Seitenansicht einer schematisch dargestellten erfindungsgemäßen Gewebestruktur entlang der Schussrichtung x, 1a is a side view of a schematically illustrated fabric structure according to the invention along the weft direction x,
Fig. 1 b: eine Seitenansicht der Gewebestruktur entlang der Kettrichtung y, Fig. 1c: eine Draufsicht auf die Gewebestruktur, Fig. 1d: eine perspektivische Ansicht der Gewebestruktur und Fig. 2: profilierte Fäden mit Trapez- und Dreiecksprofil, Stand der Technik. FIG. 1 b: a side view of the fabric structure along the warp direction y, FIG. 1 c: a top view of the fabric structure, FIG. 1 d: a perspective view of the fabric structure and FIG Fig. 2: profiled threads with trapezoidal and triangular profile, prior art.
Die Abbildungen in den Figuren 1a bis 1d stellen nur eine der möglichen Anordnungen für das Verstärkungsmaterial dar. Die Fig. 1a zeigt eine Seitenansicht einer schematisch dargestellten erfindungsgemäßen Gewebestruktur 1 entlang der Schussrichtung x. Der Schussfaden 2 ist dabei ein sogenannter Spiraldraht 2. Wie die Fig. 1a in Kombination mit der Seitenansicht der Fig. 1 b entlang der Kettrichtung y zeigt, verläuft dieser Schussfaden 2 dreidimensional formstabil und windet sich entlang der Schussrichtung x um eine durch eine in Schussrichtung x und jeweils durch eine Reihe von Zellen 3 verlaufende Achse 4. Dabei schließt der Schussfaden 2 um diese Achse 4 einen gedachten, durch die Zellen 3 verlaufenden dreidimensionalen länglichen Hohlkörper mit kreisförmiger Stirnfläche 5 ein, womit der gedachte dreidimensionale Hohlkörper eine kreiszylindrische Form aufweist, um die sich der formstabile, dreidimensional verlaufende Schussfaden 2 entlang der Schussrichtung x spiralförmig windet. The illustrations in FIGS. 1 a to 1 d represent only one of the possible arrangements for the reinforcing material. FIG. 1 a shows a side view of a schematically illustrated fabric structure 1 according to the invention along the weft direction x. As is shown in FIG. 1a in combination with the side view of FIG. 1b along the warp direction y, this weft thread 2 has a dimensionally stable three-dimensional shape and winds along the weft direction x about one in the weft direction x and in each case by a series of cells 3 extending axis 4. In this case, the weft yarn 2 includes around this axis 4 an imaginary, extending through the cells 3 three-dimensional elongated hollow body with a circular end face 5, whereby the imaginary three-dimensional hollow body has a circular cylindrical shape to which the dimensionally stable, three-dimensional weft yarn 2 spirals along the weft direction x.
Darüber hinaus zeigen die Figuren 1a und 1 b in den Seitenansichten der Gewebestruktur 1 in Schussrichtung x und in Kettrichtung y eine Grundlage 6 und eine Decklage 7, zwischen die mehrere formstabile spiralförmige Schussfäden 2 eingewebt sind. Die Gewebestruktur 1 ist zellular aufgebaut. Dabei gibt es - gemäß Fig. 1 b - neben Zellen 3, durch die ein Schussfaden 2 verläuft, auch Zellen 9, durch die kein Schussfaden verläuft. Die Höhe 8 jeder einzelnen Zelle 3, 9 ist durch den Abstand 8 zwischen zwei in der Höhenrichtung z übereinanderliegenden Kettfäden 10, 1 1 der benachbarten Lagen 6 und 7 definiert. In addition, Figures 1a and 1b show in the side views of the fabric structure 1 in the weft direction x and in the warp direction y a base 6 and a cover layer 7, between which a plurality of dimensionally stable spiral weft threads 2 are woven. The tissue structure 1 is of cellular construction. There are - as shown in FIG. 1 b - in addition to cells 3, through which a weft thread 2 extends, even cells 9 through which no weft thread passes. The height 8 of each individual cell 3, 9 is defined by the distance 8 between two warp threads 10, 11 of the adjacent layers 6 and 7 superposed in the height direction z.
Die Fig. 1c zeigt schließlich eine Draufsicht auf die Gewebestruktur 1 , wobei sich in dieser Draufsicht die Kettfäden 1 1 der Decklage 7 und die Schussfäden 2 kreuzen. Die Zusammenschau der Figuren 1c und 1 b zeigt, dass die Gewebestruktur 1 durch eine Vielzahl von dreidimensionalen Zellen 3, 9 ausgebildet ist. Die Fig. 1c zeigt die Länge 12 der Zellen 3, 9 als den Abstand 12 zwischen zwei in Schussrichtung x benachbarten Kettfäden 1 1 einer Lage 7, in diesem Falle der Decklage 7. Als Länge 12 der Zellen 3, 9 gilt aber ebenso der Abstand zwischen zwei in Schussrichtung x benachbarten Kettfäden 10 der Grundlage 6 (in Fig. 1c nicht gezeigt, vergleiche Fig. 1 b). Finally, FIG. 1 c shows a plan view of the fabric structure 1, wherein the warp threads 1 1 of the cover layer 7 and the weft threads 2 intersect in this plan view. The synopsis of Figures 1c and 1 b shows that the tissue structure 1 by a plurality of three-dimensional cells 3, 9 is trained. 1c shows the length 12 of the cells 3, 9 as the distance 12 between two warp threads 1 1 adjacent to one another in the weft direction 1 1 of a layer 7, in this case the cover layer 7. The length 12 of the cells 3, 9, however, also applies the distance between two warp threads 10 of the base 6 adjacent in the weft direction x (not shown in FIG. 1c, cf. FIG. 1 b).
Dagegen ist, wie in den Figuren 1 b und 1c gekennzeichnet, im Falle von Zellen 3 mit Schussfaden 2 die Breite 13 dieser Zellen 3 jeweils durch die Ausdehnung 13 des Schussfadenverlaufs in Kettrichtung y definiert. Im Falle von Zellen 9 ohne Schussfaden 2 ergibt sich die Breite 14 einer Zelle 9 jeweils durch den Abstand 14 zwischen zwei in Kettrichtung y gegenüberliegenden und zu der Zelle 9 benachbarten Schussfäden 2. In contrast, as indicated in FIGS. 1 b and 1 c, in the case of cells 3 with weft thread 2, the width 13 of these cells 3 is defined in each case by the extent 13 of the weft thread course in the warp direction y. In the case of cells 9 without weft yarn 2, the width 14 of a cell 9 results in each case by the distance 14 between two opposite in the warp direction y and to the cell 9 adjacent weft threads. 2
Die Abstände 8 zwischen den Lagen 6, 7 beziehungsweise zwischen den Kettfäden 10, 1 1 sowie die Anzahl und Anordnung der Schussfäden 2 können beliebig variiert werden. Gemäß dem schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel in den Figuren 1a bis 1c sind sowohl die Kettfäden 10, 1 1 als auch die Schussfäden 2 als Drähte 2 ausgeführt. Die Fig. 1d zeigt eine perspektivische, in allen drei Raumrichtungen x, y, z dargestellte schematische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Gewebestruktur 1 mit zellularem Aufbau. Dargestellt sind die Schussfäden 2, die sich mit den Kettfäden 1 1 der Decklage 7 kreuzen, wodurch Zellen 3, 9 ausgebildet werden. Zusätzlich zu den Spiraldrähten können auch gerade verlaufende, gestreckte Fäden und an sich aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte profilierte Fäden 15, 16 beziehungsweise Drähte, zum Beispiel mit Trapezprofil 15 oder Dreiecksprofil 16, wie in Fig. 2 dargestellt, verarbeitet werden. Die einzelnen Drähte können beliebig sowie lokal unterschiedlich miteinander kombiniert werden. Eine nachträgliche Umformung der Strukturen zu einfach oder mehrfach gekrümmten Strukturen ist möglich. LISTE DER BEZUGSZEICHEN The distances 8 between the layers 6, 7 or between the warp threads 10, 1 1 and the number and arrangement of the weft threads 2 can be varied as desired. According to the schematically illustrated embodiment in FIGS. 1a to 1c, both the warp threads 10, 11 and the weft threads 2 are designed as wires 2. FIG. 1 d shows a perspective, schematic view, in all three spatial directions x, y, z, of a tissue structure 1 according to the invention with a cellular structure. Shown are the weft threads 2, which intersect with the warp threads 1 1 of the cover layer 7, whereby cells 3, 9 are formed. In addition to the spiral wires, it is also possible to process straight, stretched threads and profiled threads 15, 16 or wires known from the prior art, for example with trapezoidal profile 15 or triangular profile 16, as shown in FIG. 2. The individual wires can be combined arbitrarily and locally with each other differently. A subsequent transformation of the structures to single or multiple curved structures is possible. LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS
1 Gewebestruktur 1 tissue structure
2 Schussfaden, Schussfäden, Spiraldraht, Drähte  2 weft, weft, spiral wire, wires
3 Zelle  3 cell
4 Achse  4 axis
5 Hohlkörper mit (beliebiger, zum Beispiel kreisförmiger) Stirnfläche 5 hollow body with (any, for example, circular) face
6 Grundlage, Lage 6 basis, location
7 Decklage, Lage  7 top layer, location
8 Höhe, Abstand (zwischen benachbarten Lagen 6, 7)  8 height, distance (between adjacent layers 6, 7)
9 Zelle  9 cell
10 Kettfäden (der Grundlage 6)  10 warp threads (basis 6)
1 1 Kettfäden (der Decklage 7)  1 1 warp threads (the top layer 7)
12 Länge (der Zelle 3, 9), Abstand (zwischen benachbarten Kettfäden 10 beziehungsweise 1 1 )  12 length (the cell 3, 9), distance (between adjacent warp threads 10 and 1 1)
13 Breite einer Zelle 3 (mit Schussfaden 2), Ausdehnung des Schussfadenverlaufs in Kettrichtung y  13 width of a cell 3 (with weft 2), expansion of the weft thread in the warp direction y
14 Breite einer Zelle 9 (ohne Schussfaden), Abstand (zwischen gegenüberliegenden, zur Zelle 9 benachbarten Schussfäden 2)  14 width of a cell 9 (without weft thread), distance (between opposite weft threads 2 adjacent to the cell 9)
15 profilierter Faden beziehungsweise Draht, Faden mit Trapezprofil 15 profiled thread or wire, thread with trapezoidal profile
16 profilierter Faden beziehungsweise Draht, Faden mit Dreiecksprofil x Schussrichtung, Raumrichtung 16 profiled thread or wire, thread with triangular profile x weft direction, spatial direction
y Kettrichtung, Raumrichtung y warp direction, spatial direction
z Höhenrichtung, Raumrichtung z height direction, spatial direction

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1 . Gewebestruktur (1 ) mit zellularem Aufbau, umfassend 1 . A tissue structure (1) of cellular construction comprising
• mindestens eine Grundlage (6), bestehend aus Kettfäden (10), At least one base (6) consisting of warp threads (10),
• mindestens eine Decklage (7), bestehend aus Kettfäden (1 1 ), und• at least one cover layer (7) consisting of warp threads (1 1), and
• dazwischen eingelegte Schussfäden (2), Inserted between them weft threads (2),
wobei die Gewebestruktur (1 ) durch eine Vielzahl von dreidimensionalen Zellen (3, 9) ausgebildet ist und die Höhe (8) jeder einzelnen Zelle (3, 9) durch den Abstand (8) zwischen zwei in der Höhenrichtung z übereinanderliegenden Kettfäden (10, 1 1 ) benachbarter Lagen (6, 7), die Länge (12) der Zelle (3, 9) durch den Abstand (12) zwischen zwei in Schussrichtung x benachbarten Kettfäden (10) oder (1 1 ) einer Lage (6, 7) und die Breite (13, 14) einer Zelle (3, 9) durch die Ausdehnung (13) des Schussfadenverlaufs in Kettrichtung y und/oder durch den Abstand (14) zwischen zwei in Kettrichtung y gegenüberliegenden und zur jeweiligen Zelle (9) benachbarten Schussfäden (2) definiert sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Gewebestruktur (1 ) zumindest bereichsweise jeder Schussfaden (2) formstabil dreidimensional verläuft und sich entlang der Schussrichtung x um eine durch eine in Schussrichtung x und jeweils durch eine Reihe von Zellen (3) verlaufende Achse (4) windet und dabei um diese Achse (4) einen gedachten, durch die Zellen (3) verlaufenden dreidimensionalen länglichen Hohlkörper mit beliebiger Stirnfläche (5) einschließt und dass die Schussfäden (2) mit den Kettfäden (10, 1 1 ) derart miteinander verkreuzt sind, dass sich die Schussfäden (2) und Kettfäden (10, 1 1 ) gegenseitig halten und sich die Gewebestruktur (1 ) selbst trägt.  wherein the fabric structure (1) is formed by a multiplicity of three-dimensional cells (3, 9) and the height (8) of each individual cell (3, 9) is defined by the distance (8) between two warp threads (10, 10) lying one above another in the height direction z. 1 1) adjacent layers (6, 7), the length (12) of the cell (3, 9) by the distance (12) between two in the weft direction x adjacent warp threads (10) or (1 1) a layer (6, 7 ) and the width (13, 14) of a cell (3, 9) by the extension (13) of the weft thread in the warp direction y and / or by the distance (14) between two opposite in the warp direction y and the respective cell (9) Weft threads (2) are defined, characterized in that in the fabric structure (1) at least partially each weft thread (2) dimensionally stable three-dimensional and along the weft direction x to one by a weft x and each by a series of cells (3) extending axis (4) winds and u m this axis (4) includes an imaginary, through the cells (3) extending three-dimensional elongated hollow body with any end face (5) and that the weft threads (2) with the warp threads (10, 1 1) are crossed with each other such that the Weft threads (2) and warp threads (10, 1 1) mutually hold and the fabric structure (1) carries itself.
2. Gewebestruktur (1 ) nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine oder mehrere zusätzliche Decklagen (7), bestehend zumindest aus Kettfäden (1 1 ), vorgesehen sind und zwischen den übereinanderliegenden mindestens drei Decklagen (7) in mindestens zwei Ebenen Schussfäden (2) eingelegt sind, wobei eine Gewebestruktur (1 ) zwischen den übereinanderliegenden Decklagen (7) durch eine Vielzahl von dreidimensionalen Zellen (3 , 9) ausgebildet ist und die Höhe (8) jeder einzelnen Zelle (3, 9) durch den Abstand (8) zwischen zwei in der Höhenrichtung z übereinanderliegenden Kettfäden (1 1 ) benachbarter Lagen (7), die Länge (12) der Zelle (3, 9) durch den Abstand (12) zwischen zwei in Schussrichtung x benachbarten Kettfäden (1 1 ) einer Lage (7) und die Breite (13, 1 4) einer Zelle (3, 9) durch die Ausdehnung (13) des Schussfadenverlaufs in Kettrichtung y und/oder durch den Abstand (14) zwischen zwei in Kettrichtung y gegenüberliegenden und zur jeweiligen Zelle (9) ben achbarten Schussfäden (2) definiert sind, und dass in der Gewebestruktur (1 ) zwischen den übereinanderliegenden Decklagen (7) zu mindest bereichsweise jeder Schussfaden (2) formstabil dreidimensional verläuft und sich entlang der Schussrichtung x um eine durch eine in Schussrichtung x und jeweils durch eine Reihe von Zellen (3) verlaufende Achse (4) windet und dabei um diese Achse (4) einen gedachten, durch die Zellen (3) verlaufenden dreidimensionalen länglichen Hohlkörper mit beliebiger Stirnfläche (5) einschließt und dass die Schussfäden (2) mit den Kettfäden (1 1 ) derart m iteinander verkreuzt sind, dass sich die Schussfäden (2) und Kettfäden (1 1 ) gegenseitig halten und sich die Gewebestruktur (1 ) zwischen den beiden übereinanderliegenden Decklagen (7) selbst trägt. 2. fabric structure (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more additional cover layers (7), consisting at least of Warp threads (1 1), are provided and inserted between the superimposed at least three cover layers (7) in at least two levels weft threads (2), wherein a fabric structure (1) between the superposed cover layers (7) by a plurality of three-dimensional cells (3 , 9) and the height (8) of each individual cell (3, 9) is defined by the distance (8) between two warp threads (1 1) of adjacent layers (7) lying one on the other in the height direction z, the length (12) of the cell (3, 9) by the distance (12) between two warp threads (11) of a layer (7) adjacent to one another in the weft direction x and the width (13, 14) of a cell (3, 9) through the extension (13) of Weft thread course in the warp direction y and / or by the distance (14) between two opposite in the warp direction y and to the respective cell (9) ben gewacht weft threads (2) are defined, and that in the fabric structure (1) between the superimposed cover layers (7) at least ready For example, each weft thread (2) runs dimensionally stable three-dimensionally and winds along the weft direction x about an axis (4) running in the weft direction x and in each case through a series of cells (3) and thereby imagining about this axis (4) the cells (3) extending three-dimensional elongated hollow body with any end face (5) encloses and that the weft threads (2) with the warp threads (1 1) such m it are crossed with each other, that the weft threads (2) and warp threads (1 1) mutually hold and the fabric structure (1) between the two superimposed cover layers (7) carries itself.
3. Gewebestruktur (1 ) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der gedachte dreidimensionale Hohlkörper eine kreiszylindrische Form aufweist, um die sich der formstabile, dreidimensional verlaufende Schussfaden (2) entlang der Schussrichtung x spiralförmig windet. 3. fabric structure (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the imaginary three-dimensional hollow body has a circular cylindrical shape around which the dimensionally stable, three-dimensional weft thread (2) spirals along the weft direction x.
4. Gewebestruktur (1 ) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der gedachte dreidimensionale Hohlkörper eine prismatische Form mit dreieckiger Stirnfläche (5) aufweist, um die sich der formstabile, dreidimensional verlaufende Schussfaden (2) entlang der Schussrichtung x zickzacklinienförmig windet. 4. fabric structure (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the imaginary three-dimensional hollow body has a prismatic shape with triangular face (5) around which the dimensionally stable, three-dimensional weft thread (2) along the weft direction x zigzag-shaped winds.
5. Gewebestruktur (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zusätzlich formstabile, dreidimensional verlaufende Fäden, die sich um eine entlang der Kettrichtung y verlaufende Achse winden und dabei jeweils um diese Achse einen gedachten, durch die Zellen verlaufenden dreidimens ionalen länglichen Hohlkörper mit beliebiger Stirnfläche (5) einschließen, in Kettrichtung y eingewebt sind. 5. fabric structure (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in addition dimensionally stable, three-dimensionally extending threads which wind around an axis along the warp direction y and thereby each about this axis an imaginary, running through the cells dreidimens Include ional elongated hollow body with any end face (5), woven in the warp direction y.
6. Gewebestruktur (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass innerhalb einer Lage (6, 7) formstabile, dreidimensional verlaufende Schussfäden (2) und/oder formstabile, dreidimensional verlaufende Fäden (15, 16) in Kettrichtung y mit unterschiedlicher Orientierungsrichtung angeordnet sind. 6. fabric structure (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that within a layer (6, 7) dimensionally stable, three-dimensional weft threads (2) and / or dimensionally stable, three-dimensionally extending threads (15, 16) in the warp direction y are arranged with different orientation direction.
7. Gewebestruktur (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zusätzlich gestreckte und/oder profilierte Fäden (15, 16) beliebiger Form in Kettrichtung y und/oder in Schussrichtung x eingewebt sind. 7. fabric structure (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that additionally stretched and / or profiled yarns (15, 16) of any shape in the warp direction y and / or in the weft direction x are woven.
8. Gewebestruktur (1 ) nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die profilierten Fäden (15, 16) zweidimensionale Dreiecks- oder Trapezformen aufweisen. 8. fabric structure (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the profiled threads (15, 16) have two-dimensional triangular or trapezoidal shapes.
9. Gewebestruktur (1 ) nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die profilierten Fäden (15, 16) durch die Kettfäden (10, 1 1 ) der Grundlage (6) und der Decklage (7) und/oder zueinander benachbarter Decklagen (7) abgebunden werden und den Abstand (8) zwischen der Grundlage (6) und der Decklage (7) und/oder zwischen zwei benachbarten Decklagen (7) bewirken. 9. fabric structure (1) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the profiled threads (15, 16) by the warp threads (10, 1 1) of the Basis (6) and the cover layer (7) and / or adjacent cover layers (7) are tied and the distance (8) between the base (6) and the cover layer (7) and / or effect between two adjacent cover layers (7) ,
10. Gewebestruktur (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fäden (2, 10, 1 1 , 15, 16) eine definierte Querschnittsgeometrie aufweisen, die kreisförmig, dreieckig oder rechteckig ist. 10. fabric structure (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the threads (2, 10, 1 1, 15, 16) have a defined cross-sectional geometry, which is circular, triangular or rectangular.
1 1 . Gewebestruktur (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fäden (2, 10, 1 1 , 15, 16) aus Metall oder Kunststoff bestehen. 1 1. Fabric structure (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the threads (2, 10, 1 1, 15, 16) made of metal or plastic.
12. Gewebestruktur (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 1 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass alle Fäden (2, 10, 1 1 , 15, 16) der Gewebestruktur (1 ) in Form von Drähten und/oder als Garn ausgebildet sind. 12. fabric structure (1) according to one of claims 1 to 1 1, characterized in that all the threads (2, 10, 1 1, 15, 16) of the fabric structure (1) in the form of wires and / or as a yarn are formed.
13. Gewebestruktur (1 ) nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Garn in Form von Filamenten oder als Fasergarn vorliegt. 13. fabric structure (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that the yarn is in the form of filaments or as a fiber yarn.
14. Gewebestruktur (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in Schussrichtung x ausgerichtete Reihen von Zellen (3, 9) mit oder ohne Schussfäden (2) in der Gewebestruktur (1 ) enthalten sind. 14, tissue structure (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that in the weft direction x aligned rows of cells (3, 9) with or without weft threads (2) in the fabric structure (1) are included.
15. Gewebestruktur (1 ) nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in Schussrichtung x ausgerichtete Reihen von Zellen (3, 9) mit und ohne Schussfäden (2) entlang der Kettrichtung y und/oder - bei Vorhandensein mehrerer Decklagen (7) - entlang der Höhenrichtung z alternierend angeordnet sind. 15. Fabric structure (1) according to claim 14, characterized in that in the weft direction x aligned rows of cells (3, 9) with and without weft threads (2) along the warp direction y and / or - at Presence of multiple cover layers (7) - are arranged alternately along the height direction z.
16. Gewebestruktur (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zellenabmessungen entlang der Kettrichtung y und/oder der Schussrichtung x und/oder - bei Vorhandensein mehrerer Decklagen (7) - entlang der Höhenrichtung z variieren. 16. fabric structure (1) according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the cell dimensions along the warp direction y and / or the weft direction x and / or - in the presence of multiple cover layers (7) - along the height direction z vary.
17. Verwendung einer Gewebestruktur (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16 als Leichtbauwerkstoff. 17. Use of a fabric structure (1) according to one of claims 1 to 16 as a lightweight material.
EP14712569.4A 2013-02-07 2014-02-06 Fabric structure with cellular construction Active EP2954106B1 (en)

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US20150368835A1 (en) 2015-12-24
WO2014121787A2 (en) 2014-08-14

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