Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
  • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
  • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
  • C10L2200/0415—Light distillates, e.g. LPG, naphtha
  • C10L2200/0423—Gasoline
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
  • C10L2230/22—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole for improving fuel economy or fuel efficiency

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a liquid fuel composition, in particular to a liquid fuel composition having improved power and/or acceleration properties.
• the present invention also relates to a method of improving the power and/or acceleration properties of an internal combustion engine by fuelling the internal combustion engine with the liquid fuel composition described herein below.
• Laminar burning velocity (also referred to as "flame speed”) is a fundamental combustion property of any fuel/air mixture.
• flame speed is a fundamental combustion property of any fuel/air mixture.
• formulating gasoline fuel blends having faster burning velocities can be an effective strategy for enhancing engine and vehicle performance.
• Faster burning fuels can lead to a more optimum combustion phasing resulting in a more efficient energy transfer and hence a faster acceleration and better performance.
• liquid fuel composition comprising:
• a method of improving the power output of an internal combustion engine comprising fuelling the internal combustion engine containing a lubricant with a liquid fuel composition described herein below.
• a method of improving the acceleration of an internal combustion engine comprising fuelling the internal combustion engine containing a lubricant with a liquid fuel composition described herein below.
• a method of increasing the flame speed of a liquid fuel composition in an internal combustion engine comprising fuelling the internal combustion engine containing a lubricant with a liquid fuel composition described herein below.
• power output refers to the amount of resistance power required to maintain a fixed speed at wide open throttle conditions in Chassis Dynomometer testing.
• a method of improving the power output of an internal combustion engine comprising fuelling the internal combustion engine containing a lubricant with a liquid fuel composition described hereinbelow.
• the term “improving” embraces any degree of improvement.
• the improvement may for instance be 0.05% or more, preferably 0.1% or more, more preferably 0.2% or more, even more preferably 0.5% or more, especially 1% or more, more especially 2% or more, even more especially 5% or more, of the power output of an analogous fuel formulation, prior to adding one or more organic UV filter compounds to it in accordance with the present invention.
• the improvement in power output may be at most 10% of the power output of an analogous fuel formulation, prior to adding one or more organic UV filters to it in accordance with the present invention.
• the power output provided by a fuel composition may be determined in any known manner.
• acceleration refers to the amount of time required for the engine to increase in speed between two fixed speed conditions in a given gear.
• a method of improving the acceleration of an internal combustion engine comprising fuelling the internal combustion engine containing a lubricant with a liquid fuel composition described hereinbelow.
• the term "improving” embraces any degree of improvement.
• the improvement may for instance be 0.05% or more, preferably 0.1% or more, more preferably 0.2% or more, even more preferably 0.5% or more, especially 1% or more, more especially 2% or more and even more especially 5% or more of the acceleration provided by an analogous fuel formulation, prior to adding one or more organic UV filter compounds to it in accordance with the present invention.
• the improvement in acceleration may be at most 10% of the acceleration provided by an analogous fuel formulation, prior to adding one or more organic UV filters to it in accordance with the present invention.
• the power output and acceleration provided by a fuel composition may be determined in any known manner for instance using the standard test methods as set out in SAE Paper 2005-01-0239 and SAE Paper 2005-01-0244.
• flame speed refers to laminar burning velocity.
• Laminar burning velocity is a fundamental property of a chemical component. It is defined as the rate (normal to the flame front, under laminar flow conditions) at which unburnt gas propagates to the flame front and reacts to form products.
• a method of increasing the flame speed of an internal combustion engine comprising fuelling the internal combustion engine containing a lubricant with a liquid fuel composition described herein below.
• the term "increasing” embraces any degree of increase.
• the increase may for instance be 0.05% or more, preferably 0.1% or more, more preferably 1% or more, and especially 5% or more of the flame speed of an analogous fuel formulation, prior to adding one or more organic UV filter compounds to it in accordance with the present invention.
• the increase in flame speed may be at most 10% of the flame speed of an analogous fuel formulation, prior to adding one or more organic UV filters to it in accordance with the present invention.
• the flame speed of a fuel composition may be determined in any known manner, for instance measurement of SL can be performed in a constant volume combustion chamber (spherical bomb), ref Gillespie, L.L., M.; Sheppard, C.G.; Wooley, R, Aspects of laminar and turbulent burning velocity relevant to spark ignition engines, Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers, 2000 (2000-01-0192 ).
• the liquid fuel composition of the present invention comprises a gasoline base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine and one or more organic UV filter compounds. Therefore the liquid fuel composition of the present invention is a gasoline composition.
• the one or more organic UV filter compounds for use in the gasoline composition of the present invention is selected from oxanilide compounds.
• Suitable oxanilide compounds include, but are not necessarily limited to, oxanilide (N,N'-diphenyl-ethanediamide) and substituted oxanilides such as N-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-N'-)2-ethylphenyl)ethanediamide, N,N'-di-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)ethanediamide (also known as 2,2',4,4'-tetra nitro oxanilide), and mixtures thereof.
• oxanilide N,N'-diphenyl-ethanediamide
• substituted oxanilides such as N-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-N'-)2-ethylphenyl)ethanediamide, N,N'-di-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)ethanediamide (also known as 2,2',4,4'-tetra nitro oxanilide), and mixtures thereof
• oxanilide derivatives disclosed in WO90/09369 are also suitable for use as the oxanilide compounds in the liquid fuel compositions herein.
• a preferred oxanilide compound for use herein is N-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-N'-)2-ethylphenyl)ethanediamide (commercially available from BASF under the tradename Tinuvin 312, or from Chitec under the tradename Chiguard 1033, or from Sabo under the tradename Sabostab UV312, or from Eutec under the tradename Eusorb VSU).
• the total level of the one or more organic UV filter compounds is preferably at most 2 wt%, by weight of the liquid fuel composition.
• the total level of the one or more organic UV filter compounds is preferably at least 10 ppmw, by weight of the liquid fuel composition.
• the total level of the one or more organic UV filter compounds is preferably in the range of from 1 wt% to 0.005 wt%, more preferably in the range of from 0.5 wt% to 0.01 wt%, even more preferably in the range of from 0.05 wt% to 0.01 wt%, by weight of the liquid fuel composition.
• the organic UV filter compound may be blended together with any other additives e.g. additive performance package(s) to produce an additive blend.
• the additive blend is then added to a base fuel to produce a liquid fuel composition.
• the amount of organic UV filter compound in the additive blend is preferably in the range of from 0.1 to 99.8 wt%, more preferably in the range of from 5 to 50 wt%, by weight of the additive blend.
• the amount of performance package(s) in the additive blend is preferably in the range of from 0.1 to 99.8 wt%, more preferably in the range of from 5 to 50 wt%, by weight of the additive blend.
• the amount of the performance package present in the liquid fuel composition of the present invention is in the range of 15 ppmw (parts per million by weight) to 10 %wt, based on the overall weight of the liquid fuel composition. More preferably, the amount of the performance package present in the liquid fuel composition of the present invention additionally accords with one or more of the parameters (i) to (xv) listed below:
• the gasoline may be any gasoline suitable for use in an internal combustion engine of the spark-ignition (petrol) type known in the art, including automotive engines as well as in other types of engine such as, for example, off road and aviation engines.
• the gasoline used as the base fuel in the liquid fuel composition of the present invention may conveniently also be referred to as 'base gasoline'.
• Gasolines typically comprise mixtures of hydrocarbons boiling in the range from 25 to 230°C (EN-ISO 3405), the optimal ranges and distillation curves typically varying according to climate and season of the year.
• the hydrocarbons in a gasoline may be derived by any means known in the art, conveniently the hydrocarbons may be derived in any known manner from straight-run gasoline, synthetically-produced aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures, thermally or catalytically cracked hydrocarbons, hydro-cracked petroleum fractions, catalytically reformed hydrocarbons or mixtures of these.
• the specific distillation curve, hydrocarbon composition, research octane number (RON) and motor octane number (MON) of the gasoline are not critical.
• gasolines comprise components selected from one or more of the following groups; saturated hydrocarbons, olefinic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, and oxygenated hydrocarbons.
• the gasoline may comprise a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons, olefinic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, and, optionally, oxygenated hydrocarbons.
• the olefinic hydrocarbon content of the gasoline is in the range of from 0 to 40 percent by volume based on the gasoline (ASTM D1319); preferably, the olefinic hydrocarbon content of the gasoline is in the range of from 0 to 30 percent by volume based on the gasoline, more preferably, the olefinic hydrocarbon content of the gasoline is in the range of from 0 to 20 percent by volume based on the gasoline.
• the aromatic hydrocarbon content of the gasoline is in the range of from 0 to 70 percent by volume based on the gasoline (ASTM D1319), for instance the aromatic hydrocarbon content of the gasoline is in the range of from 10 to 60 percent by volume based on the gasoline; preferably, the aromatic hydrocarbon content of the gasoline is in the range of from 0 to 50 percent by volume based on the gasoline, for instance the aromatic hydrocarbon content of the gasoline is in the range of from 10 to 50 percent by volume based on the gasoline.
• the aromatic hydrocarbon content of the gasoline is in the range of 20 to 60 percent by volume based on the gasoline.
• the aromatic hydrocarbon content of the gasoline is in the range of from 20 to 35 percent by volume based on the gasoline.
• the benzene content of the gasoline is at most 10 percent by volume, more preferably at most 5 percent by volume, especially at most 1 percent by volume based on the gasoline.
• the gasoline preferably has a low or ultra low sulphur content, for instance at most 1000 ppmw (parts per million by weight), preferably no more than 500 ppmw, more preferably no more than 100, even more preferably no more than 50 and most preferably no more than even 10 ppmw.
• the gasoline also preferably has a low total lead content, such as at most 0.005 g/l, most preferably being lead free - having no lead compounds added thereto (i.e. unleaded).
• the oxygen content of the gasoline may be up to 35 percent by weight (EN 1601) (e.g. ethanol per se) based on the gasoline.
• the oxygen content of the gasoline may be up to 25 percent by weight, preferably up to 10 percent by weight.
• the oxygenate concentration will have a minimum concentration selected from any one of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 percent by weight, and a maximum concentration selected from any one of 5, 4.5, 4.0, 3.5, 3.0, and 2.7 percent by weight.
• oxygenated hydrocarbons examples include alcohols, ethers, esters, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and their derivatives, and oxygen containing heterocyclic compounds.
• the oxygenated hydrocarbons that may be incorporated into the gasoline are selected from alcohols (such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, 2-propanol, butanol, tert-butanol, iso-butanol and 2-butanol), ethers (preferably ethers containing 5 or more carbon atoms per molecule, e.g., methyl tert-butyl ether and ethyl tert-butyl ether) and esters (preferably esters containing 5 or more carbon atoms per molecule); a particularly preferred oxygenated hydrocarbon is ethanol.
• oxygenated hydrocarbons When oxygenated hydrocarbons are present in the gasoline, the amount of oxygenated hydrocarbons in the gasoline may vary over a wide range.
• gasolines comprising a major proportion of oxygenated hydrocarbons are currently commercially available in countries such as Brazil and U.S.A., e.g. ethanol per se and E85, as well as gasolines comprising a minor proportion of oxygenated hydrocarbons, e.g. E10 and E5. Therefore, the gasoline may contain up to 100 percent by volume oxygenated hydrocarbons.
• E100 fuels as used in Brazil are also included herein.
• the amount of oxygenated hydrocarbons present in the gasoline is selected from one of the following amounts: up to 85 percent by volume; up to 70 percent by volume; up to 65 percent by volume; up to 30 percent by volume; up to 20 percent by volume; up to 15 percent by volume; and, up to 10 percent by volume, depending upon the desired final formulation of the gasoline.
• the gasoline may contain at least 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 percent by volume oxygenated hydrocarbons.
• gasolines which have an olefinic hydrocarbon content of from 0 to 20 percent by volume (ASTM D1319), an oxygen content of from 0 to 5 percent by weight (EN 1601), an aromatic hydrocarbon content of from 0 to 50 percent by volume (ASTM D1319) and a benzene content of at most 1 percent by volume.
• gasoline blending components which can be derived from a biological source.
• gasoline blending components can be found in WO2009/077606 , WO2010/028206 , WO2010/000761 , European patent application nos. 09160983.4 , 09176879.6 , 09180904.6 , and US patent application serial no. 61/312307 .
• the base gasoline or the gasoline composition of the present invention may conveniently include one or more optional fuel additives, in addition to the essential one or more organic UV filter compounds mentioned above.
• concentration and nature of the optional fuel additive(s) that may be included in the base gasoline or the gasoline composition of the present invention is not critical.
• Non-limiting examples of suitable types of fuel additives that can be included in the base gasoline or the gasoline composition of the present invention include antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, detergents, dehazers, antiknock additives, metal deactivators, valve-seat recession protectant compounds, dyes, solvents, carrier fluids, diluents and markers. Examples of suitable such additives are described generally in US Patent No. 5,855,629 .
• the fuel additives can be blended with one or more solvents to form an additive concentrate, the additive concentrate can then be admixed with the base gasoline or the gasoline composition of the present invention.
• the (active matter) concentration of any optional additives present in the base gasoline or the gasoline composition of the present invention is preferably up to 1 percent by weight, more preferably in the range from 5 to 2000 ppmw, advantageously in the range of from 300 to 1500 ppmw, such as from 300 to 1000 ppmw.
• gasoline composition may also contain synthetic or mineral carrier oils and/or solvents.
• mineral carrier oils are fractions obtained in crude oil processing, such as brightstock or base oils having viscosities, for example, from the SN 500 - 2000 class; and also aromatic hydrocarbons, paraffinic hydrocarbons and alkoxyalkanols.
• mineral carrier oil is a fraction which is obtained in the refining of mineral oil and is known as "hydrocrack oil” (vacuum distillate cut having a boiling range of from about 360 to 500 °C, obtainable from natural mineral oil which has been catalytically hydrogenated under high pressure and isomerized and also deparaffinized).
• suitable synthetic carrier oils are: polyolefins (poly-alpha-olefins or poly (internal olefin)s), (poly)esters, (poly)alkoxylates, polyethers, aliphatic polyether amines, alkylphenol-started polyethers, alkylphenol-started polyether amines and carboxylic esters of long-chain alkanols.
• Suitable polyolefins are olefin polymers, in particular based on polybutene or polyisobutene (hydrogenated or nonhydrogenated).
• suitable polyethers or polyetheramines are preferably compounds comprising polyoxy-C 2 -C 4 -alkylene moieties which are obtainable by reacting C 2 -C 60 -alkanols, C 6 -C 30 -alkanediols, mono- or di-C 2 -C 30 -alkylamines, C 1 -C 30 -alkylcyclohexanols or C 1 -C 30 -alkylphenols with from 1 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide per hydroxyl group or amino group, and, in the case of the polyether amines, by subsequent reductive amination with ammonia, monoamines or polyamines.
• the polyether amines used may be poly-C 2 -C 6 -alkylene oxide amines or functional derivatives thereof. Typical examples thereof are tridecanol butoxylates or isotridecanol butoxylates, isononylphenol butoxylates and also polyisobutenol butoxylates and propoxylates, and also the corresponding reaction products with ammonia.
• carboxylic esters of long-chain alkanols are in particular esters of mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids with long-chain alkanols or polyols, as described in particular in DE-A-38 38 918 .
• the mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids used may be aliphatic or aromatic acids; suitable ester alcohols or polyols are in particular long-chain representatives having, for example, from 6 to 24 carbon atoms.
• esters are adipates, phthalates, isophthalates, terephthalates and trimellitates of isooctanol, isononanol, isodecanol and isotridecanol, for example di-(n- or isotridecyl) phthalate.
• suitable synthetic carrier oils are alcohol-started polyethers having from about 5 to 35, for example from about 5 to 30, C 3 -C 6 -alkylene oxide units, for example selected from propylene oxide, n-butylene oxide and isobutylene oxide units, or mixtures thereof.
• suitable starter alcohols are long-chain alkanols or phenols substituted by long-chain alkyl in which the long-chain alkyl radical is in particular a straight-chain or branched C 6 -C 18 -alkyl radical.
• Preferred examples include tridecanol and nonylphenol.
• suitable synthetic carrier oils are alkoxylated alkylphenols, as described in DE-A-10 102 913.6 .
• Mixtures of mineral carrier oils, synthetic carrier oils, and mineral and synthetic carrier oils may also be used.
• any solvent and optionally co-solvent suitable for use in fuels may be used.
• suitable solvents for use in fuels include: non-polar hydrocarbon solvents such as kerosene, heavy aromatic solvent ("solvent naphtha heavy", “Solvesso 150"), toluene, xylene, paraffins, petroleum, white spirits, those sold by Shell companies under the trademark "SHELLSOL", and the like.
• suitable co-solvents include: polar solvents such as esters and, in particular, alcohols (e.g.
• LINEVOL LINEVOL 79 alcohol which is a mixture of C 7-9 primary alcohols, or a C 12-14 alcohol mixture which is commercially available).
• Dehazers/demulsifiers suitable for use in liquid fuels are well known in the art.
• Non-limiting examples include glycol oxyalkylate polyol blends (such as sold under the trade designation TOLADTM 9312), alkoxylated phenol formaldehyde polymers, phenol/formaldehyde or C 1-18 alkylphenol/-formaldehyde resin oxyalkylates modified by oxyalkylation with C 1-18 epoxides and diepoxides (such as sold under the trade designation TOLADTM 9308), and C 1-4 epoxide copolymers cross-linked with diepoxides, diacids, diesters, diols, diacrylates, dimethacrylates or diisocyanates, and blends thereof.
• TOLADTM 9312 glycol oxyalkylate polyol blends
• alkoxylated phenol formaldehyde polymers such as sold under the trade designation TOLADTM 9312
• the glycol oxyalkylate polyol blends may be polyols oxyalkylated with C 1-4 epoxides.
• the C 1-18 alkylphenol phenol/- formaldehyde resin oxyalkylates modified by oxyalkylation with C 1 - 18 epoxides and diepoxides may be based on, for example, cresol, t-butyl phenol, dodecyl phenol or dinonyl phenol, or a mixture of phenols (such as a mixture of t-butyl phenol and nonyl phenol).
• the dehazer should be used in an amount sufficient to inhibit the hazing that might otherwise occur when the gasoline without the dehazer contacts water, and this amount will be referred to herein as a "haze-inhibiting amount.” Generally, this amount is from about 0.1 to about 20 ppmw (e.g. from about 0.1 to about 10 ppm), more preferably from 1 to 15 ppmw, still more preferably from 1 to 10 ppmw, advantageously from 1 to 5 ppmw based on the weight of the gasoline.
• corrosion inhibitors for example based on ammonium salts of organic carboxylic acids, said salts tending to form films, or of heterocyclic aromatics for nonferrous metal corrosion protection; antioxidants or stabilizers, for example based on amines such as phenyldiamines, e.g.
• p-phenylenediamine N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenyldiamine, dicyclohexylamine or derivatives thereof or of phenols such as 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol or 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenylpropionic acid; anti-static agents; metallocenes such as ferrocene; methylcyclo-pentadienylmanganese tricarbonyl; lubricity additives, such as certain fatty acids, alkenylsuccinic esters, bis(hydroxyalkyl) fatty amines, hydroxyacetamides or castor oil; and also dyes (markers). Amines may also be added, if appropriate, for example as described in WO 03/076554 .
• anti valve seat recession additives may be used such as sodium or potassium salts of polymeric organic acids.
• the gasoline compositions herein may contain one or more organic sunscreen compounds, such as those disclosed in European patent application no. 12199119.4 .
• organic sunscreen compound which can be used in the gasoline compositions of the present invention as long as it is suitable for use in a gasoline composition.
• hydrophobic organic sunscreen actives useful in the composition of the present invention include: (i) alkyl ß,ß-diphenylacrylate and/or alpha-cyano-beta,beta-diphenylacrylate derivatives; (ii) salicylic derivatives; (iii) cinnamic derivatives; (iv) dibenzoylmethane derivatives; (v) camphor derivatives; (vi) benzophenone derivatives; (vii) p-aminobenzoic acid derivatives; and (viii) phenalkyl benzoate derivatives; and mixtures thereof.
• Preferred alpha-cyano-beta,beta-diphenylacrylate derivatives include ethyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate, and mixtures thereof. More preferably the alpha-cyano-beta,beta-diphenylacrylate derivative is 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate, of which the International Non Proprietary Name is Octocrylene. 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate is commercially available under the tradename Parsol 340 (RTM) from DSM Nutritional Products, Inc.
• RTM Parsol 340
• Preferred salicylate derivatives include ethylhexyl salicylate (octyl salicylate), triethanolamine salicylate, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexylsalicylate, homomenthyl salicylate, and mixtures thereof. More preferably, the salicylate derivative is ethylhexyl salicylate.
• Ethylhexyl salicylate is commercially available under the tradename Parsol EHS (RTM) from DSM Nutritional Products, Inc.
• Preferred cinnamic derivatives are selected from octylmethoxy cinnamate, diethanolamine methoxycinnamate, and mixtures thereof.
• a particularly preferred cinnamic derivative for use herein is octylmethoxy cinnamate.
• Octylmethoxy cinnamate is commercially available under the tradename Parsol MCX (RTM) from DSM Nutritional Products, Inc.
• Preferred dibenzoylmethane derivatives for use herein are selected from butyl methoxy dibenzoylmethane, ethylhexyl methoxy dibenzoylmethane, isopropyl dibenzoylmethane, and mixtures thereof.
• a particularly preferred dibenzoylmethane derivative for use herein is butyl methoxy dibenzoylmethane.
• Butyl methoxy dibenzoylmethane is commercially available under the tradename Parsol 1789 (RTM) from DSM Nutritional Products, Inc.
• a preferred camphor derivative for use herein is 4-methylbenzylidene camphor.
• 4-methylbenzylidene camphor is commercially available under the tradename Parsol 5000 (RTM) from DSM Nutritional Products, Inc.
• Preferred benzophenone derivatives for use herein are selected from benzophenone-1, benzophenone-2, benzophenone-3, benzophenone-4, benzophenone-5, benzophenone-6, benzophenone-7, benzophenone-8, benzophenone-9, benzophenone-10, benzophenone-11, benzophenone-12, and mixtures thereof.
• a particularly preferred benzophenone derivative for use herein is benzophenone-3.
• Benzophenone-3 is commercially available under the tradename Escalol 567(RTM) from Ashland Specialty Ingredients.
• Phenethyl benzoate is commercially available under the tradename X-tend 229 (RTM) from Ashland Specialty Ingredients.
• the amount of the one or more organic sunscreen compounds in the gasoline composition is preferably at most 2 wt%, by weight of the liquid fuel composition.
• the total level of the one or more organic sunscreen compounds is preferably at least 10 ppmw, by weight of the liquid fuel composition.
• the total level of the one or more organic sunscreen compounds is more preferably in the range of from 1 wt% to 0.005 wt%, more preferably in the range of from 0.5 wt% to 0.01 wt%, even more preferably in the range of from 0.05 wt% to 0.01 wt%, by weight of the liquid fuel composition.
• organic UV sunscreen compounds are also suitable for use herein, in combination with the oxanilide compound(s): imidazoles, triazines, triazones and triazoles, and mixtures thereof.
• Preferred imidazoles include, but are not necessarily limited to, disodium phenyl dibenzylimidazole tetrasulfonate, (commercially available from Symrise under the tradename Neoheliopan AP), ethyl hexyl dimethoxybenzylidene dioxoimidazoline propionate, phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid (commercially available from DSM under the tradename Parsol HS), and mixtures thereof.
• Preferred triazines include, but are not necessarily limited to, phenyl triazines such as bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (commercially available from BASF under the tradename Tinasorb S), bis benzoxazoyl phenyl ethylhexyl aminotriazine (commercially available from 3V Sigma under the tradename Uvasorb K2A), and mixtures thereof.
• phenyl triazines such as bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (commercially available from BASF under the tradename Tinasorb S), bis benzoxazoyl phenyl ethylhexyl aminotriazine (commercially available from 3V Sigma under the tradename Uvasorb K2A), and mixtures thereof.
• Preferred triazoles include, but are not necessarily limited to, drometrizole, (commercially available from BASF under the tradename Tinuvin P) and ethylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (commercially available from BASF under the tradename Tinosorb M), and mixtures thereof.
• Preferred triazones include, but are not necessarily limited to, diethyl hexyl butamido triazone (commercially available from 3V Sigma under the tradename Uvasorb HEB), ethyl hexyl triazone (commercially available from BASF under the tradename Uvinul T150), and mixtures thereof.
• the gasoline compositions herein can also comprise a detergent additive.
• Suitable detergent additives include those disclosed in WO2009/50287 , incorporated herein by reference.
• Preferred detergent additives for use in the gasoline composition herein typically have at least one hydrophobic hydrocarbon radical having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of from 85 to 20 000 and at least one polar moiety selected from:
• the hydrophobic hydrocarbon radical in the above detergent additives which ensures the adequate solubility in the base fluid, has a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of from 85 to 20 000, especially from 113 to 10 000, in particular from 300 to 5000.
• Typical hydrophobic hydrocarbon radicals, especially in conjunction with the polar moieties (A1), (A8) and (A9), include polyalkenes (polyolefins), such as the polypropenyl, polybutenyl and polyisobutenyl radicals each having Mn of from 300 to 5000, preferably from 500 to 2500, more preferably from 700 to 2300, and especially from 700 to 1000.
• Non-limiting examples of the above groups of detergent additives include the following:
• Further preferred additives comprising monoamino groups (A1) are the hydrogenation products of the reaction products of polyisobutenes having an average degree of polymerization of from 5 to 100, with nitrogen oxides or mixtures of nitrogen oxides and oxygen, as described in particular in WO-A-97/03946 .
• additives comprising monoamino groups (A1) are the compounds obtainable from polyisobutene epoxides by reaction with amines and subsequent dehydration and reduction of the amino alcohols, as described in particular in DE-A-196 20 262 .
• Additives comprising polyoxy-C 2 -C 4 -alkylene moieties are preferably polyethers or polyetheramines which are obtainable by reaction of C 2 - to C 60 -alkanols, C 6 - to C 30 -alkanediols, mono- or di-C 2 -C 30 -alkylamines, C 1 -C 30 -alkylcyclohexanols or C 1 -C 30 -alkylphenols with from 1 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide per hydroxyl group or amino group and, in the case of the polyether-amines, by subsequent reductive amination with ammonia, monoamines or polyamines.
• Such products are described in particular in EP-A-310 875 , EP-A-356 725 , EP-A-700 985 and US-A-4 877 416 .
• polyethers such products also have carrier oil properties. Typical examples of these are tridecanol butoxylates, isotridecanol butoxylates, isononylphenol butoxylates and polyisobutenol butoxylates and propoxylates and also the corresponding reaction products with ammonia.
• Additives comprising moieties derived from succinic anhydride and having hydroxyl and/or amino and/or amido and/or imido groups are preferably corresponding derivatives of polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydride which are obtainable by reacting conventional or highly reactive polyisobutene having Mn of from 300 to 5000 with maleic anhydride by a thermal route or via the chlorinated polyisobutene.
• derivatives with aliphatic polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine or tetraethylenepentamine. Such additives are described in particular in US-A-4 849 572 .
• Additives comprising moieties obtained by Mannich reaction of substituted phenols with aldehydes and mono-or polyamines are preferably reaction products of polyisobutene-substituted phenols with formaldehyde and mono- or polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine or dimethylaminopropylamine.
• the polyisobutenyl-substituted phenols may stem from conventional or highly reactive polyisobutene having Mn of from 300 to 5000. Such "polyisobutene-Mannich bases" are described in particular in EP-A-831 141 .
• the detergent additive used in the gasoline compositions of the present invention contains at least one nitrogen-containing detergent, more preferably at least one nitrogen-containing detergent containing a hydrophobic hydrocarbon radical having a number average molecular weight in the range of from 300 to 5000.
• the nitrogen-containing detergent is selected from a group comprising polyalkene monoamines, polyetheramines, polyalkene Mannich amines and polyalkene succinimides.
• the nitrogen-containing detergent may be a polyalkene monoamine.
• amounts (concentrations, % vol, ppmw, % wt) of components are of active matter, i.e. exclusive of volatile solvents/diluent materials.
• the liquid fuel composition of the present invention can be produced by admixing the essential one or more organic UV filter compounds with a gasoline base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine. Since the base fuel to which the essential fuel additive is admixed is a gasoline, then the liquid fuel composition produced is a gasoline composition.
• the base fuel is an unleaded gasoline fuel meeting EN228, containing no performance additive.
• the UV filter compound N-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-N'-)2-ethylphenyl)ethanediamide (commercially available from BASF under the tradename Tinuvin 312, or from Chitec under the tradename Chiguard 1033, or from Sabo under the tradename Sabostab UV312, or from Eutec under the tradename Eusorb VSU) is added into the base fuel at treat rates of 0.5wt% and 1wt%.
• organic UV filter compounds at treat rates of 0.5wt% and 1wt% in a base fuel provides benefits in terms of increased acceleration over a base fuel not containing any organic UV filter compounds.
• organic UV filters at treat rates of 0.5 wt% and 1 wt% in a base fuel provides benefits in terms of increased power output at various speeds and increased flame speed compared to a base fuel not containing organic UV filter compounds.

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• 2015
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