EP2946044B1 - Lightweight panel and method for the production thereof - Google Patents
Lightweight panel and method for the production thereof Download PDFInfo
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- EP2946044B1 EP2946044B1 EP14700656.3A EP14700656A EP2946044B1 EP 2946044 B1 EP2946044 B1 EP 2946044B1 EP 14700656 A EP14700656 A EP 14700656A EP 2946044 B1 EP2946044 B1 EP 2946044B1
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- boards
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- grooves
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
- E04C2/12—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of solid wood
Definitions
- the invention relates to a lightweight board according to the preamble of claim 1, to the use of lightweight panels for creating a house body according to the preamble of claim 10 and to a method for producing a lightweight board according to the preamble of claim 11.
- the present invention is in the field of new lightweight building boards based on wood, which are formed with a plurality of flatly bonded layers, which are aligned with flocks of laterally juxtaposed with each other in a same layer, but in different layers with different angles to each other , bounded on their side edges and provided with a plurality of grooves boards are formed and which for furniture, but especially for the establishment of simple and inexpensive, especially further sound and / or noise insulation, in a simple way with low tool and personnel costs quickly Buildable buildings of various kinds, such as houses, cottages, stables, exhibition halls and the like. Can be used.
- WO 2011/060468 A1 Wood construction elements with bonded layers are known, wherein the layers are constructed of boards, which each have a grooving on surfaces facing each other. The grooves and at WO 2011/060468 A1 Also, the boards of two directly adjacent layers are aligned transversely and diagonally to each other. It has now been shown that large internal stresses can build up in the finished timber components, which cause deviations from the desired planar shape in the timber construction elements. In addition, these wood components are insufficiently elastic and also have no high flexural strength so that with one-sided clamping the load capacity until breaking is only small.
- the object of the invention is now to find a simple solution with which tension-free as possible lightweight panels with sufficiently high elasticity and high residual strength can be provided with strong deflection.
- the lightweight panels in buildings to earthquake vulnerable places should be used.
- the object is achieved by a lightweight board with the features of claim 1, or the use of this lightweight board for creating a house body according to claim 10 and by a method for producing a lightweight board according to claim 11.
- the dependent claims describe alternative or advantageous embodiments, which solve further tasks.
- the boards at least one layer of a middle layer of the lightweight board on both sides or in both main surfaces a first and a second share of each other in angles ( ⁇ ) of 5 to 100 °, preferably 7 to 20 °, are provided intersecting grooves, the grooves of each share each other in parallel. This ensures that no long webs in the fiber direction of the boards can be formed on the outsides of these layers. Of the short repeatedly interrupted web areas do not stress, even in large moisture differences in the lightweight panel.
- the adhesive joints are narrow areas in which abut the short webs of the two connected layers projecting between the grooves .
- There is no large area glue layer which could undesirably restrict moisture permeability perpendicular to the large outer surface of the lightweight board.
- the boards of at least one layer are laterally bonded to one another by tongue and groove on their side flanks.
- These connections between the adjoining boards of a layer ensure that the layer does not break along the connections between the boards at a high bending load, but that the introduced bending energy is absorbed by the above-described deformations in the webs.
- the different orientation of the boards of different layers also contributes to the strength.
- the tongue-and-groove connections between the boards of a layer have the additional advantage that the layers can be loaded more quickly after the side flanks of the boards have been glued and the boards of the layer run flush along a plane.
- the present invention is a multi-layered, in its basic form - preferably elongated - rectangular lightweight board based on wood with flat bonded together layers of flocks of mutually parallel, grooves having laterally bonded boards.
- the structural panel can, as just described, in the simplest cases have only two layers of flocks of each having angles to each other in certain positive and negative, same absolute size angles skewed arranged grooved boards, wherein it is essential that not only a (first) crowd of each other parallel grooves are provided on the boards, but another set of mutually parallel grooves, which intersect with the grooves of the first family, wherein it has proved to be favorable when the crossing angles of the grooves have the above values.
- a layer e.g. sound insulation and / or insulating insulating layer, in particular of a natural material, such as cork, and that the two said layers of building boards further, preferably via an intermediate layer arranged between them, in particular also of a sound and heat insulating natural material, such as. Cork exists, are bound together.
- lightweight construction panels are particularly preferred according to claim 2, whose layers are formed with skewed arranged boards, each having a family of grooves, but specifically targeted in the direction of Wood fiber, ie parallel to the side edges of the boards are aligned and which are each crossed by a family of other parallel grooves.
- a building board basically as described above is carried out so that on the at least one layer of the central layer mentioned in claim 1 on both sides in each case at least one further layer is bound surface, - the further layers, the laterally bound, elongated boards at a second acute angle (- ⁇ , + ⁇ ) are aligned to the longitudinal side edges of the lightweight board and the second acute angle (- ⁇ ) of the boards bound to the adjacent layer of the middle layer Layer has a size negative to the size of the first angle ( ⁇ ) of the boards of this layer and has a different or equal angular amount.
- the new lightweight panel comprises a central layer with three layers.
- the bond between the layers is preferably achieved with adhesive bonds between the adjoining faces of the paralellogrammflambaigen islands. With the above-mentioned relationships between the areas claimed by the grooves and the sum of the areas of the islands, it is ensured that the adjoining faces are sufficiently large for the required bond. Because the adhesive bonds are limited to the adjoining faces, a good moisture exchange can be ensured by the lightweight board. Nowhere is there a coherent adhesive layer acting as a moisture barrier.
- the lightweight panels according to the invention in which a family of grooves on each major surfaces of each of the laterally bonded boards of individual or all layers of the lightweight board is formed with mutually parallel grooves, which is a substantially consistent with the course of the wood fibers of the boards longitudinal extent have, and which "fiber conforming" arranged grooves are crossed by the grooves of each other Nutenschar at an angle.
- a layer of boards is arranged in at least one outer surface of the lightweight board, which only on the directed against the interior of the lightweight panel main surface at least a bevy of grooves, but preferably two at an angle of 5 ° to 100 °, in particular 7 to 20 °, crossed flocks of grooves.
- a family of these grooves has a longitudinal extent that is substantially conforming to the course of the wood fibers of the boards. At their directed against the exterior of the lightweight panel main surface, the boards along both long side lines milled edge areas, or chamfers.
- milled edge areas or chamfers run as small channels diagonally downwards and can thus deduce the rainwater striking the respective board controlled to the side, which a different wetting and thus a different growth or a different discoloration of the upper and lower portions of a wall prevented.
- a substantial further object of the present invention is a plate-like lightweight construction element, in particular a lightweight wall or ceiling element and in particular a house body formed with a plurality of these elements, which is characterized in that it or with a A plurality of - as described above - on their side edges by means of connection grooves and springs positively bonded together lightweight panels is formed, said Anaptitati means of at least one, but preferably more, for example arranged spaced apart, and optionally intersecting, forming the body of the building lightweight components of side walls, partitions, bottom wall and / or ceiling or roof surfaces connecting and exciting, adjustable in their clamping force to a few, preferably up to 8, centimeters stretchable strap or Tensioning bands is accomplished.
- clamping elements themselves are concerned, it is provided in one embodiment that they are formed with a strong spring interconnecting the two band ends which, in particular in the event of fluctuations, e.g. As a result of earthquake events, cause the house body is not damaged, since a certain flexibility and mutual displacement of the wall elements is given due to the targeted limited elasticity of the straps.
- a very significant advantage of the present invention is that all tools necessary for the preparation of the boards and thus the components, such as machines and the work steps to be performed are so simple that they can be performed by just trained workers and the mechanical effort on a Minimum is reduced.
- the manufacture can be carried out directly on site, e.g. in each case in a disaster or earthquake area, without much effort with only briefly trained forces without the need of skilled workers to be carried out, which is particularly beneficial for use in countries with low resources and in particular with increased or high risk of natural events.
- the Fig. 1 shows in exploded view four layers 01, 02, 03, and 04 of a building panel 100 according to the invention, these layers are formed with boards 2, which are arranged obliquely to the side edges or side edges of said layers or the building board 100 and crossing on both sides with each other Grooves 3, 3 'are provided.
- the two main surfaces of said layers and their boards 2 have the reference numerals 205 and 205 'and a total of z.
- the in Fig. 1 shown arrangement of four layers form a lightweight construction panel 100 according to the invention, in which case the two layers 01 and 02 form a middle layer MI and it can further be provided that between these two layers 01 and 02 an intermediate layer 001, z. B.
- each a further (outer) layer for example, for applying a plaster, or also an insulating layer, for example made of cork, can be arranged.
- any other arrangement and number of layers of the new lightweight board can be provided, if only care is taken that each corresponding layers in the same positive and negative angle each have skewed mutually arranged flocks of boards.
- the Fig. 2 shows - with otherwise constant reference numerals - one of the boards used in the new lightweight panel 100 boards 2, which form in side by side each one of the layers 01 to 04 in droves. It shows how in each case the side flank surfaces 200, 200 'of the boards 2 is equipped here with a right-triangular groove 202 and a left, positively fitting in this groove 202 spring 202', both sides 205 205 'with each intersecting grooves 3 'are provided.
- the grooves 3, 3 ' preferably have rectangular cross-sectional shape and form between each parallelogram-like or rhombic islands 30 with the groove crossing angle corresponding acute angles ⁇ . It should be noted at this point that, of course, the boards 2 not only along their side edges 200, 200 ' positive grooves and springs 202, 202 'may have, but also at their short, unspecified end edges.
- the Fig. 3 shows - with otherwise constant reference numerals - the cross section through one of the total of the layers 01 to 04 forming boards 2, in which case the rectangular cross-section grooves 3, 3 'both on the top and on the underside of the board 2 are shown.
- the arranged on the bottom 205 'grooves 3 or 3' are formed as a family of parallel to the longitudinal side edges and parallel aligned grooves and they are crossed by a respective group of - not shown - grooves.
- the grooves 3 or 3 'of the bottom 205' have mutually different depths tn, wherein these groove bases are formed continuously undulating at different depths across the board 2.
- the Fig. 3a shows - with otherwise identical reference numerals - a preferred embodiment of each other and to the side edges 200, 200 'of the boards 2 of the layers 01 to 04 in the two major surfaces 205, 205' cut grooves 3, wherein the groove depths tn of the upper and lower Grooves matched, across the width of the board 2 are different.
- These flocks of board side parallel grooves 3 are cross-sectionally intersected by not shown flocks of mutually parallel grooves 3 'arranged on each side 205, 205', these oblique grooves 3 'being cut on both sides 205, 205'. of the board 2 also parallel to each other.
- the Fig. 4 shows - with otherwise constant reference numerals - the upper portion of a lightweight panel 100 according to the invention with a total of four layers bound together layers 01 to 04, which - as indicated in one of the layers - are formed with obliquely aligned, laterally bonded boards 2, said boards. 2 have on both sides of the intersecting grooves 3 3 '.
- the layers 01 to 04 are arranged offset laterally relative to one another and in this simple manner form at least one connecting groove 102, and spring 102 ', etc., whereby these layers and thus the building board 100 are extremely stable via these form-fitting groove and spring connections can be connected or connected to the two next, laterally adjacent laterally identical structural panels 100, without a lateral bonding of the same to each other being necessary or desired.
- the Fig. 5 shows - with otherwise constant reference numerals - a part of a structure 10, which is formed from the mutually positively closed elongated lightweight panels 100, which are formed with families of obliquely arranged in their extension boards 2, and these boards on both sides intersecting grooves. 3 , 3 '.
- the structure 10 - here in approximately square square shape - not by lateral bonding of the building boards 100 together, but by here only one, placed around the building 10, specifically acted upon with tension clamping band 150, which in turn equipped with a spring its course is that ensures that a certain shift, eg caused by a growth or shrinkage of the wood due to changing moisture or - in the case of earthquakes - some slight displacement of the building boards 100 against each other, without thereby disrupting the building 10 as a whole or even gets destroyed.
- the Fig. 5a 3 schematically shows a tensioning system according to the invention with a pitched roof, wherein three tensioning straps 150, eg vertically above the base plate 81, two opposing side wall elements 82 and the two roof surface elements 83 are laid and tensioned and two tension straps 150 hold the side walls, wherein for each of the individual, Tension band sections laid over edges in each case for each of the flat elements of the house, depending on expected loads, for example in the event of quake events, individually tension-adjustable clamping element 9 is provided.
- Fig. 9 shows a section of a layer 01 of the middle layer MI, wherein sections of two boards 2 on side edges 200, 200 'positively connected to groove 202 and spring 202' are connected.
- the boards 2 of this layer 01 are provided in both main surfaces 205 (205 ') each with a first and a second family of grooves 3, 3' intersecting at angles ⁇ , the grooves of each group extending parallel to one another and preferably the distances and Widths of the grooves for each share each have a substantially constant value.
- the first set of grooves 3 are aligned parallel to the side flanks 200, 200 'of the boards 2.
- the angle ⁇ thus corresponds to an angle between the side edges 200, 200 'and the orientation of the second family of grooves 3'.
- the angle ⁇ 10 °.
- the width and in particular the length of these islands 30 depends on the distance between adjacent grooves 3, 3 'of each of the two shares and on the angle ⁇ between the orientations of the two sets of grooves 3, 3'.
- the length of the islands 30 increases, with the angle between the orientation of the greatest length of the islands and the side flanks 200, 200 'decreasing.
- the islands appear as web portions which extend approximately in the direction of the side flanks 200, 200 '.
- a desired length of the web sections can be adjusted by the choice of the angle ⁇ .
- the angle ⁇ goes to 90 °, the islands become rectangular and the length and the width correspond to the distances between the grooves of each of the coulters. If the angle ⁇ is changed from 90 ° to 100 °, then the rectangles change again into slightly oblong appearing parallelograms, where they opposite to the parallelograms at angles ⁇ are formed in a mirror image at 90 °.
- Fig. 10 shows black-colored connecting adhesive surfaces or adhesive bonds 30a which arise when the surfaces of two layers 01, 02 according to Fig. 9 are bonded to each other with adhesive at a predetermined, relative orientation, wherein the adhesive bonds 30a are drawn only where areas of islands 30 of the two layers 01, 02 are in contact with each other via the adhesive surfaces.
- the second layer 02 is rotated against the first layer 01 by an angle 2 ⁇ , correspondingly lies between the side edges 202 of the first layer 01 and the side edges 202 of the second layer 02 and the angle 2 ⁇ .
- the angle bisector drawn in at angle 2 ⁇ corresponds to the axis A1, which runs parallel to the longitudinal side flanks of the lightweight building panel.
- the boards 2 of the first and the second layer 01, 02 are aligned at the first acute angle - ⁇ or + ⁇ to the axis A1, or to the longitudinal side flanks of the lightweight board.
- the amount of the angle ⁇ 52 ° and thus the angle between the boards 2 of both layers 01, 02 is 104 °.
- the directions of the largest lengths of the islands 30 of both layers 01, 02 can be chosen so that they are substantially perpendicular or transverse to each other. At the selected length, the islands 30 of the first layer 01 span substantially eight islands 30 of the second layer 02.
- the adhesive bonds 30a form together the islands of both layers 01, 02 a kind of connection grid whose connection lengths can be selected over the length of the islands 30 ,
- the lightweight board Around the narrow adhesive bonds 30a in the short islands 30 or webs, there are the cavities formed by the grooves 3, 3 '. If bending forces act on the lightweight board, they do not lead to the sudden breaking of the lightweight board when it exceeds a limit of elasticity, but become local connected islands 30 in the compressible cavities of the grooves 3, 3 'transformed. These small internal transformations and breaks or entanglements can absorb a lot of energy without the lightweight panel breaking. Therefore, the lightweight panel still has a high remaining bending strength even after a high absorption of deformation energy and a concomitant large deflection.
- the aforementioned lattice structure can be selected via the angles ⁇ , ⁇ and the groove distances so that they ensure a similar elasticity, stability and deformation behavior in all directions.
- the Fig. 11a to 11e show boards 2 for three or five layers of a lightweight panel 100 according to Fig. 12 or 13. All boards 2 comprise a groove 202 and a spring 202 'on the respective side edges and thus for all layers of the lightweight panel 100. The boards 2 adjoining layers are each aligned at an angle 2 ⁇ to each other.
- Fig. 11 a and 11 e each show a board 2 for each outer surface of the lightweight board 100, said boards 2 only on the directed against the interior of the lightweight panel 100 main surface two intersecting flocks of grooves 3, 3 'include.
- a family of grooves 3 has a longitudinal extent substantially conforming to the course of the wood fibers or the side flanks of the boards 2. At their directed against the exterior of the lightweight panel 100 main surface, these boards 2 along both long side lines milled edge regions or chamfers 2a on.
- Fig. 11b to 11d each show a board 2 for each layer of the central layer MI a lightweight panel 100.
- These boards 2 comprise on both major surfaces each two intersecting sets of grooves 3, 3 '. Depending on a set of grooves 3 has a with the course of the wood fibers, or the side edges of the boards 2 substantially compliant longitudinal extent.
- the lightweight panel 100 according to Fig. 12 is made up of three and those according to Fig. 13 composed of five layers with the boards 2 described above. Accordingly, the middle layer MI comprises the lightweight panel according to Fig. 12 only one layer and those according to Fig. 13 three layers.
- the chamfers 2a run as small grooves obliquely to the longitudinal side edges of the lightweight components.
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Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Leichtbauplatte nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1, auf die Verwendung von Leichtbauplatten zum Erstellen eines Hauskörpers nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 10 und auf ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Leichtbauplatte nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 11.The invention relates to a lightweight board according to the preamble of claim 1, to the use of lightweight panels for creating a house body according to the preamble of
Die vorliegende Erfindung liegt auf dem Gebiet neuer Leichtbauplatten auf Basis von Holz, welche mit einer Mehrzahl von flächig aneinander gebundenen Schichten gebildet sind, die mit Scharen von jeweils in einer Schicht in untereinander gleichen, jedoch in unterschiedlichen Schichten mit unterschiedlichen Winkeln zueinander ausgerichteten seitlich aneinander liegenden, über ihre Seitenflanken gebundenen und mit einer Mehrzahl von Nuten versehenen Brettern gebildet sind und welche für den Möbelbau, jedoch insbesondere für die Errichtung von einfachen und kostengünstigen, insbesondere weiters schall- und/oder lärmgedämmten, auf einfache Weise mit geringem Werkzeug- und Personalaufwand schnell erstellbaren Bauten der verschiedensten Art, wie Häuser, Hütten, Ställen, Ausstellungshallen und dgl. einsetzbar sind.The present invention is in the field of new lightweight building boards based on wood, which are formed with a plurality of flatly bonded layers, which are aligned with flocks of laterally juxtaposed with each other in a same layer, but in different layers with different angles to each other , bounded on their side edges and provided with a plurality of grooves boards are formed and which for furniture, but especially for the establishment of simple and inexpensive, especially further sound and / or noise insulation, in a simple way with low tool and personnel costs quickly Buildable buildings of various kinds, such as houses, cottages, stables, exhibition halls and the like. Can be used.
Es sind schon die verschiedensten Bauplatten und Bauelemente für die verschiedensten Zwecke aus Holz bekannt geworden, welche mit mehreren flächig aneinander liegenden Schichten von Hohlräume, insbesondere Nuten oder dgl., aufweisenden Brettern aufgebaut sind. Zu der Herstellung der für die neuen Leichtbauplatten eingesetzten genuteten Blätter sei beispielsweise und keineswegs vollständig auf die österreichischen Patente Nr.
Aus
Die erfindungsgemässe Aufgabe besteht nun darin eine einfache Lösung zu finden, mit der möglichst spannungsfreie Leichtbauplatten mit genügend hoher Elastizität und hoher Restfestigkeit bei starker Durchbiegung bereitgestellt werden können. Insbesondere sollen die Leichtbauplatten in Gebäuden an Erdbeben gefährdeten Orten verwendet werden können.The object of the invention is now to find a simple solution with which tension-free as possible lightweight panels with sufficiently high elasticity and high residual strength can be provided with strong deflection. In particular, the lightweight panels in buildings to earthquake vulnerable places should be used.
Die Aufgabe wird durch eine Leichtbauplatte mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1, bzw. die Verwendung dieser Leichtbauplatte zum Erstellen eines Hauskörpers nach dem Anspruch 10 und durch ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Leichtbauplatte nach dem Anspruch 11 gelöst. Die abhängigen Ansprüche beschreiben alternative bzw. vorteilhafte Ausführungsvarianten, welche weitere Aufgaben lösen.The object is achieved by a lightweight board with the features of claim 1, or the use of this lightweight board for creating a house body according to
Beim Lösen der Aufgabe wurde erkannt, dass eine weitgehende Spannungsfreiheit, eine hohe Elastizität und bei einer über den Bereich elastischer Verformung hinausgehender Verformung eine hohe Restfestigkeit erzielt werden können, wenn die Bretter mindestens einer Schicht einer Mittellage der Leichtbauplatte beidseitig bzw. in beiden Hauptflächen je mit einer ersten und einer zweiten Schar von einander in Winkeln (γ) von 5 bis 100°, vorzugsweise 7 bis 20°, kreuzenden Nuten versehen sind bzw. werden, wobei die Nuten jeder Schar zueinander jeweils parallel verlaufen. Dadurch wird sichergestellt, dass an den Aussenseiten dieser Schichten keine langen Stege in Faserrichtung der Bretter ausgebildet sein können. Von den kurzen immer wieder unterbrochenen Stegbereichen gehen keine Spannungskräfte aus, auch nicht bei grossen Feuchtigkeitsunterschieden in der Leichtbauplatte.When solving the problem, it was recognized that a high degree of freedom from stress, high elasticity and high deformation resistance beyond the range of elastic deformation can be achieved if the boards at least one layer of a middle layer of the lightweight board on both sides or in both main surfaces a first and a second share of each other in angles (γ) of 5 to 100 °, preferably 7 to 20 °, are provided intersecting grooves, the grooves of each share each other in parallel. This ensures that no long webs in the fiber direction of the boards can be formed on the outsides of these layers. Of the short repeatedly interrupted web areas do not stress, even in large moisture differences in the lightweight panel.
Weil an diese mindestens eine Schicht der Mittellage eine weitere Schicht mit gegen die Mittellage offenen Nuten, vorzugsweise mit zwei gekreuzten Scharen von Nuten, geklebt wird, sind die Klebeverbindungen eng begrenzte Bereiche in denen die zwischen den Nuten vorstehenden kurzen Stege der beiden verbundenen Schichten aneinander anliegen. Es gibt keine großflächige Leimschicht, welche die Feuchtigkeitsdurchlässigkeit senkrecht zur großen Außenfläche der Leichtbauplatte unerwünscht einschränken könnte. Rund um die eng begrenzten Klebeverbindungen bei den kurzen Stegen gibt es die von den Nuten gebildeten Hohlräume. Wenn Biegekräfte auf die Leichtbauplatte einwirken, so führen diese beim Überschreiten einer Elastizitätsgrenze nicht zum plötzlichen Brechen der Leichtbauplatte, sondern lokal werden verbundene kurze Stege in die verdichtbaren Hohlräume umgeformt. Diese kleinen inneren Umformungen und Brüche bzw. Verschränkungen können sehr viel Energie aufnehmen, ohne dass die Leichtbauplatte bricht. Darum hat die erfindungsgemäße Leichtbauplatte auch nach einer hohen Aufnahme von Verformungsenergie und einer damit einhergehenden großen Durchbiegung immer noch eine hohe verbleibende Biegefestigkeit.Because at least one layer of the middle layer another layer is glued with grooves open against the central position, preferably with two crossed groups of grooves, the adhesive joints are narrow areas in which abut the short webs of the two connected layers projecting between the grooves , There is no large area glue layer which could undesirably restrict moisture permeability perpendicular to the large outer surface of the lightweight board. Around the narrow adhesive bonds at the short webs there are the cavities formed by the grooves. If bending forces act on the lightweight board, then they lead when passing a limit of elasticity not to the sudden breaking of the lightweight board, but locally connected short webs are transformed into the compressible cavities. These small internal transformations and breaks or entanglements can absorb a lot of energy without the lightweight panel breaking. Therefore, the lightweight panel according to the invention still has a high remaining bending strength even after a high absorption of deformation energy and a large deflection associated therewith.
Für die hohe Elastizität und die hohe Restfestigkeit bei starker Biegebelastung ist es wichtig, dass Schichten mit gutem Zusammenhalt bereitgestellt werden. Dazu werden die Bretter zumindest einer Schicht, vorzugsweise aber aller Schichten, an ihren Seitenflanken über Nut und Feder formschlüssig seitlich aneinander gebunden. Diese Verbindungen zwischen den aneinander anschließenden Brettern einer Schicht gewährleistet, dass die Schicht bei einer hohen Biegebelastung nicht entlang der Verbindungen zwischen den Brettern bricht, sondern die eingebrachte Biegeenergie von den oben beschriebenen Verformungen bei den Stegen aufgenommen wird. Die unterschiedliche Ausrichtung der Bretter verschiedener Schichten trägt ebenfalls zur Festigkeit bei. Die Nut- und Feder-Verbindungen zwischen den Brettern einer Schicht haben den zusätzlichen Vorteil, dass die Schichten nach dem Verleimen der Seitenflanken der Bretter schneller belastbar sind und die Bretter der Schicht bündig entlang einer Ebene verlaufen.For the high elasticity and the high residual strength under strong bending stress, it is important that layers with good cohesion are provided. For this purpose, the boards of at least one layer, but preferably of all layers, are laterally bonded to one another by tongue and groove on their side flanks. These connections between the adjoining boards of a layer ensure that the layer does not break along the connections between the boards at a high bending load, but that the introduced bending energy is absorbed by the above-described deformations in the webs. The different orientation of the boards of different layers also contributes to the strength. The tongue-and-groove connections between the boards of a layer have the additional advantage that the layers can be loaded more quickly after the side flanks of the boards have been glued and the boards of the layer run flush along a plane.
Mit der Kombination der erfinderischen Merkmalen wird ein Effekt erzielt der über die Summe der Einzelwirkungen hinausgeht.With the combination of the inventive features, an effect is achieved which goes beyond the sum of the individual effects.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist eine mehrschichtige, in ihrer Grundform - vorzugsweise länglich - rechteckige Leichtbauplatte auf Basis von Holz mit flächig aneinander gebundenen Schichten aus Scharen von zueinander parallele, Nuten aufweisenden, seitlich aneinander gebundenen Brettern.The present invention is a multi-layered, in its basic form - preferably elongated - rectangular lightweight board based on wood with flat bonded together layers of flocks of mutually parallel, grooves having laterally bonded boards.
Die neue Mehrschicht-Leichtbauplatte ist insbesondere dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mit zumindest zwei - mit der Grundform der Leichtbauplatte übereinstimmende Form aufweisenden, gegebenenfalls über eine zwischen ihnen angeordnete Zwischenschicht, flächig aneinander gebundenen - jeweils mit Scharen von jeweils im spitzen Winkel von 25 bis 60°, insbesondere von 30 bis 45°, zu den jeweiligen Längsseitenflanken der jeweiligen Schicht bzw. der Leichtbauplatte ausgerichteten, beidseitig seitlich über Nut und Feder formschlüssig aneinander gebundenen länglichen Brettern gebildeten Schichten gebildet ist,
- wobei die einzelnen Bretter der beiden Schichten jeweils in einem Winkel zueinander (achssymmetrisch) windschief bzw. die beiden Schichten um eine virtuelle Achse um 180° gedreht angeordnet sind,
- dass die Bretter jeder der beiden Schichten beidseitig mit Scharen von einander in Winkeln von 5 bis 100°, insbesondere 10 bis 75°, kreuzenden, zueinander jeweils parallelen Nuten versehen sind, und
- dass die Leichtbauplatte zumindest an ihren beiden langen, zueinander parallelen Längsseitenflanken jeweils zumindest eine Anschließungs-Nut und eine mit ihr formschluss-kooperierfähige Anschließungs-Feder für einen beidseitigen formschlüssigen Anschluss von gleich gearteten Leichtbauplatten aufweist.
- wherein the individual boards of the two layers are each skewed at an angle to one another (axisymmetric) or the two layers are rotated through 180 ° about a virtual axis,
- that the boards of each of the two layers are provided on both sides with shares of each other at angles of 5 to 100 °, in particular 10 to 75 °, crossing, mutually parallel grooves, and
- that the lightweight board at least at its two long, mutually parallel longitudinal side flanks each have at least one Anschließungs-groove and with her formschluss-cooperable connecting spring for a two-sided positive connection of the same type lightweight panels.
Die Bauplatte kann, wie soeben dargestellt, in den einfachsten Fällen nur zwei Schichten von Scharen von jeweils zueinander in bestimmten positiven und negativen, gleiche Absolutgröße aufweisenden Winkeln windschief angeordneten genuteten Brettern aufweisen, wobei wesentlich ist, dass nicht nur eine (erste) Schar von zueinander parallelen Nuten auf den Brettern vorgesehen sind, sondern eine weitere Schar von zueinander parallelen Nuten, die sich mit den Nuten der ersten Schar kreuzen, wobei es sich als günstig herausgestellt hat, wenn die Kreuzungswinkel der Nuten die oben genannten Werte aufweisen.The structural panel can, as just described, in the simplest cases have only two layers of flocks of each having angles to each other in certain positive and negative, same absolute size angles skewed arranged grooved boards, wherein it is essential that not only a (first) crowd of each other parallel grooves are provided on the boards, but another set of mutually parallel grooves, which intersect with the grooves of the first family, wherein it has proved to be favorable when the crossing angles of the grooves have the above values.
Üblicherweise ist vorgesehen, dass eben im Fall einer nur zweischichtigen Bauplatte dieselbe an zumindest einer ihrer beiden Außenflächen eine Schicht, z.B. schall- und/oder wärmedämmende Isolierschicht, insbesondere aus einem Naturstoff, wie Kork, aufweist und dass die beiden genannten Schichten der Bauplatten weiters, vorzugsweise über eine zwischen ihnen angeordnete Zwischenschicht, die insbesondere ebenfalls aus einem schall- und wärmedämmenden Naturstoff, wie z.B. Kork besteht, aneinander gebunden sind.It is usually provided that just in the case of a double-layered building board, the same is provided on at least one of its two outer surfaces with a layer, e.g. sound insulation and / or insulating insulating layer, in particular of a natural material, such as cork, and that the two said layers of building boards further, preferably via an intermediate layer arranged between them, in particular also of a sound and heat insulating natural material, such as. Cork exists, are bound together.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die wesentlich vereinfachte Fertigung sind Leicht-Bauplatten gemäß Anspruch 2 besonders bevorzugt, deren Schichten mit windschief gekreuzt angeordneten Brettern gebildet sind, welche jeweils eine Schar von Nuten aufweisen, die jedoch gezielt im Wesentlichen in Richtung der Holzfaserung, also parallel zu den Seitenflanken der Bretter ausgerichtet sind und welche jeweils von einer Schar von anderen zueinander parallelen Nuten gekreuzt werden.In the context of the present invention, in particular with regard to the significantly simplified manufacturing lightweight construction panels are particularly preferred according to
In einer weiters bevorzugten und häufig angewandten Ausführungsform gemäß Anspruch 3 ist vorgesehen, dass eine wie oben grundsätzlich beschriebene Bauplatte so ausgeführt ist, dass an die im Anspruch 1 genannte mindestens eine Schicht der Mittellage beidseits jeweils zumindest eine weitere Schicht flächig gebunden ist, - wobei in den weiteren Schichten die seitlich aneinander gebundenen, länglichen Bretter in einem zweiten spitzen Winkel (-β, +β) zu den Längs-Seitenflanken der Leichtbauplatte ausgerichtet sind und der zweite spitze Winkel (-β) der Bretter der an die angrenzende Schicht der Mittellage gebundenen Schicht eine zur Größe des ersten Winkels (α) der Bretter dieser Schicht negative Größe hat und einen unterschiedlichen oder gleichen Winkelbetrag hat.In a further preferred and frequently used embodiment according to
Weiters ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn die neue Leichtbauplatte eine Mittellage mit drei Schichten umfasst.Furthermore, it is particularly advantageous if the new lightweight panel comprises a central layer with three layers.
Die Anordnung von einander kreuzenden Nuten auf beiden Seiten der jeweils die Schichten bildenden Bretter ist infolge des in diesen Nuten für die dort enthaltene fließfähige Luft auftretenden "Verwirr"-Effektes dafür gesorgt, dass es in keiner der Nuten zu einem wesentlichen und über längere Strecken aufrechterhaltenen Strömen der sich in den Nuten befindlichen Luft kommen kann, sodass auf ganz einfache Weise einerseits ein hoher Wärmedämmeffekt resultiert und andererseits infolge der Anordnung von Nuten, also letztlich Aushöhlungen eine Bauplatte geschaffen ist, welche sich durch wesentliche Minderung ihres Raumgewichts auszeichnet und darüber hinaus infolge des geringen Gewichts auch als damit erstellte Leichtbauplatte einfach und mit geringen Kraftaufwand, das heißt z.B. ohne besondere Hebewerkzeuge handhabbar ist.The arrangement of intersecting grooves on both sides of each of the layers forming boards is due to the occurring in these grooves for the flowable air contained there "confusion" effect ensures that it is maintained in any of the grooves to a substantial and over longer distances Can flow of air in the grooves can come, so in a very simple way, on the one hand, a high thermal insulation result and on the other hand, as a result of the arrangement of grooves, ie excavations a building board is created, which is characterized by significant reduction in their volume weight and beyond due to low weight as lightweight board made with it easy and with little effort, that is eg Can be handled without special lifting tools.
Ganz wesentlich bei dieser neuen Art von Leichtbauplatten ist, dass mit ihnen durch einfaches Aneinanderfügen letztlich wesentlich größere Dimensionen aufweisende Wand- und Deckenelemente erstellt werden können, die sich selbstverständlich ebenfalls durch hohe Leichtigkeit und gleichzeitig hohe Wärme- und Lärmdämmfestigkeit auszeichnen, sodass damit insbesondere Bauten für Weltgegenden mit hohen Temperaturunterschieden zwischen Tag und Nacht sowie Winter und Sommer, also in Gegenden mit schwierigen klimatologischen Bedingungen, erstellbar sind.Quite essential in this new type of lightweight panels is that with them by simply joining ultimately much larger dimensions having wall and ceiling panels can be created, which of course also characterized by high lightness and high heat and sound insulation, so that in particular buildings for World areas with high temperature differences between day and night and winter and summer, ie in areas with difficult climatological conditions, are producible.
Besonders bevorzugt ist es, insbesondere für die Erstellung von Bauten in Gebieten mit hoher Hitze- oder Kälteentwicklung, dass sie z.B. bei einer Mehrzahl von Schichten der Bauplatte eine entsprechende Mehrzahl von, gegebenenfalls jeweils über eine Zwischenschicht, flächig aneinander gebundenen Schichten mit seitlich aneinander gebundenen, kreuzweise genuteten Brettern gebildet ist, welche im Winkel zu den Seitenflanken der Leichtbauplatte ausgerichtet sind, wobei die Bretter von jeweils einander benachbarten bzw. einander zugeordneten Schichten zueinander achssymmetrisch windschief angeordnet sind, also beispielsweise positive und negative Winkel zu den Seitenflanken der Schichten aufweisen.It is particularly preferred, in particular for the construction of buildings in areas with high heat or cold development, that they are e.g. in a plurality of layers of the building board a corresponding plurality of, optionally in each case via an intermediate layer, surface-bonded layers is formed with laterally bonded, cross-grooved boards, which are aligned at an angle to the side edges of the lightweight board, the boards of each other adjacent or mutually associated layers are arranged axially skewed skewed, so for example, have positive and negative angles to the side edges of the layers.
Als im Rahmen der Erfindung besonders günstig hat es sich erwiesen, wenn dafür gesorgt ist, dass die einander kreuzenden Nuten jedes der Bretter der die Leichtbauplatte insgesamt bildenden Schichten - vorzugsweise rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweisend - voneinander gleich beabstandet und/oder untereinander gleich breit und entweder gleich oder unterschiedlich tief ausgebildet sind und jeweils untereinander gleich große parallelogrammflächige Inseln umschließen, wobei die von den Nuten insgesamt beanspruchten Flächen zu der Summe der Flächen der Inseln in einem Verhältnis von 1 zu 2 bis 2 zu 1, insbesondere von 1 zu 1,50 bis zu 1,50 zu 1, und vorzugsweise von 1,25 zu 1 bis 1 zu 1,25, vorliegen.As in the context of the invention, it has proven to be particularly favorable, if it is ensured that the intersecting grooves of each of the boards of the lightweight building board forming layers - preferably having rectangular cross section - equally spaced and / or mutually equal width and either the same or are formed differently deep and each enclose with each other equal large parallelogram islands, wherein the total of the grooves claimed areas to the sum of the areas of the islands in a ratio of 1 to 2 to 2 to 1, in particular from 1 to 1.50 to 1 , 50 to 1, and preferably from 1.25 to 1 to 1 to 1.25.
Die Bindung zwischen den Schichten wird vorzugsweise mit Klebeverbindungen zwischen den aneinander anliegenden Teilflächen der paralellogrammflächigen Inseln erzielt. Mit den oben angegebenen Verhältnissen zwischen den von den Nuten beanspruchten Flächen und der Summe der Flächen der Inseln ist gewährleistet, dass die aneinander anliegenden Teilflächen für die benötigte Bindung genügend gross sind. Weil die Klebeverbindungen auf die aneinander anliegenden Teilflächen beschränkt sind, kann durch die Leichtbauplatte ein guter Feuchtigkeitsaustausch gewährleistet werden. Es gibt nirgends eine als Feuchtigkeits-Barriere wirkende zusammenhängende Klebstoffschicht.The bond between the layers is preferably achieved with adhesive bonds between the adjoining faces of the paralellogrammflächigen islands. With the above-mentioned relationships between the areas claimed by the grooves and the sum of the areas of the islands, it is ensured that the adjoining faces are sufficiently large for the required bond. Because the adhesive bonds are limited to the adjoining faces, a good moisture exchange can be ensured by the lightweight board. Nowhere is there a coherent adhesive layer acting as a moisture barrier.
Insbesondere erhöhter Festigkeit erfreuen sich die erfindungsgemäßen Leichtbauplatten, bei welchen eine Schar von Nuten jeweils auf Hauptflächen jedes der seitlich aneinander gebundenen Bretter einzelner oder aller Schichten der Leichtbauplatte mit zueinander parallelen Nuten gebildet ist, welche eine mit dem Verlauf der Holzfasern der Bretter im Wesentlichen konforme Längserstreckung aufweisen, und welche "faserkonform" angeordnete Nuten von den Nuten der jeweils anderen Nutenschar im Winkel gekreuzt sind.In particular increased strength enjoy the lightweight panels according to the invention, in which a family of grooves on each major surfaces of each of the laterally bonded boards of individual or all layers of the lightweight board is formed with mutually parallel grooves, which is a substantially consistent with the course of the wood fibers of the boards longitudinal extent have, and which "fiber conforming" arranged grooves are crossed by the grooves of each other Nutenschar at an angle.
Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird bei mindestens einer Außenfläche der Leichtbauplatte eine Schicht aus Brettern angeordnet, welche nur auf der gegen das Innere der Leichtbauplatte gerichteten Hauptfläche zumindest eine Schar von Nuten, vorzugsweise aber zwei im Winkel von 5° bis 100°, insbesondere 7 bis 20°, gekreuzten Scharen von Nuten, umfassen. Vorzugsweise weist eine Schar dieser Nuten eine mit dem Verlauf der Holzfasern der Bretter im Wesentlichen konforme Längserstreckung auf. An ihrer gegen das Äußere der Leichtbauplatte gerichteten Hauptfläche umfassen die Bretter entlang beider langen Seitenlinien angefräste Randbereiche, bzw. Fasen. Wenn die Leichtbauplatte mit den Brettern mit den angefrästen Randbereichen bzw. Fasen nach aussen gerichtet als Wandelement eingesetzt wird, so verlaufen angefrästen Randbereiche bzw. Fasen als kleine Rinnen schräg nach unten und können so das auf das jeweilige Brett treffende Regenwasser kontrolliert zur Seite ableiten, was eine unterschiedliche Benetzung und damit einen unterschiedlichen Bewuchs bzw. eine unterschiedliche Verfärbung der oberen und unteren Bereiche einer Wand verhindert.In a further preferred embodiment, a layer of boards is arranged in at least one outer surface of the lightweight board, which only on the directed against the interior of the lightweight panel main surface at least a bevy of grooves, but preferably two at an angle of 5 ° to 100 °, in particular 7 to 20 °, crossed flocks of grooves. Preferably, a family of these grooves has a longitudinal extent that is substantially conforming to the course of the wood fibers of the boards. At their directed against the exterior of the lightweight panel main surface, the boards along both long side lines milled edge areas, or chamfers. If the lightweight board with the boards with the milled edge areas or chamfers directed towards the outside is used as a wall element, then milled edge areas or chamfers run as small channels diagonally downwards and can thus deduce the rainwater striking the respective board controlled to the side, which a different wetting and thus a different growth or a different discoloration of the upper and lower portions of a wall prevented.
Zu erhöhter Wärme- und Schalldämmfähigkeit trägt es, wie gefunden wurde, bei, wenn die seitlich aneinander gebundenen Bretter einzelner oder aller Schichten auf zumindest einer Hauptfläche jeweils eine Schar von zueinander und zu den Seitenflanken der Bretter parallelen Nuten mit unterschiedlichen, bei beidseitigen Nuten aufeinander abgestimmten, Tiefen aufweisen, wobei die Nutgründe derselben über die Breite jedes der Bretter im Wesentlichen kontinuierlich etwa wellenartig, bzw. entlang von Wellenlinien, angeordnet sind, und wobei diese unterschiedlich tiefen Nuten von den Nuten der anderen Schar gekreuzt sind.It has been found, as has been found, to contribute to increased heat and sound insulation capability when the boards of individual or all layers bound to one another on at least one main surface each have a family of grooves parallel to each other and grooves parallel to one another with different grooves in the two-sided grooves , Depths, the groove bottoms of which are arranged substantially continuously along the width of each of the boards, approximately along waves, and with these different depth grooves crossed by the grooves of the other group.
Infolge dieser wellenartigen Anordnung der Nutgründe kann es vorkommen, dass an einzelnen Stellen die einander kreuzenden Nuten von der jeweils anderen Seite der Bretter erreicht werden, sodass an diesen Stellen von einer zur anderen Hauptfläche dieser Bretter Durchgängigkeit besteht. Der wesentliche Effekt der wellenartigen Anordnung der Nutgründe besteht darin, dass damit ein eventueller Verzug der einzelnen Bretter besonders gut verhinderbar ist.As a result of this wave-like arrangement of the groove bases, it may happen that at individual points, the intersecting grooves are reached from the other side of the boards, so that at these points from one to the other main surface of these boards continuity exists. The main effect of the wave-like arrangement of the groove bases is that a possible distortion of the individual boards can be prevented particularly well.
Wie schon eingangs kurz erwähnt, ist es insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Dämmfähigkeit der neuen Leichtbauplatten von besonderem Vorteil, wenn zumindest eine der beiden Außenflächen der mit den mit flächig aneinander gebundenen Brettern gebildeten Schichten gebildeten Leichtbauplatten jeweils eine, in den meisten Fällen wesentlich andere Dicke als die Bretter-Schichten aufweisende, Außenplatte, vorzugsweise aus einem natürlichen Dämmmaterial flächig gebunden ist.As already briefly mentioned above, it is particularly advantageous, in particular with regard to the insulating ability of the new lightweight panels, if at least one of the two outer surfaces of the lightweight panels formed with the layers formed with two boards bound together forms one, in most cases significantly different thickness than the boards layers having, outer plate, preferably made of a natural insulation material is bound.
Insbesondere im Hinblick auf Einfachheit, Schnelligkeit und Effektivität bei Errichtung und insbesondere auch auf Beständigkeit und Haltbarkeit der Bauten aus den vorgenannten mit Nut-Bretter-Schichten gebildeten erfindungsgemäßen Leichtbauplatten, z.B. im Fall ihre Einsatzes in Entwicklungsländern ist ein wesentlicher weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ein plattenartiges Leichtbauelement, insbesondere ein Leicht-Wand- oder -Deckenelement und insbesondere ein mit einer Mehrzahl dieser Elemente gebildeter Hauskörper, welcher dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass es bzw. er mit einer Mehrzahl von - wie oben beschrieben - über ihre Seitenflanken mittels Anschluss-Nuten und -Federn formschlüssig aneinander gebundenen Leichtbauplatten gebildet ist, wobei diese Aneinanderbindung mittels zumindest eines, vorzugsweise jedoch mehrerer, z.B. voneinander beabstandet angeordneten, und gegebenenfalls einander kreuzenden, die den Hauskörper bildenden Leichtbauelemente von Seitenwänden, Zwischenwänden, Bodenwand und/oder Decken- bzw. Dachflächen verbindenden und spannenden, in ihrer Spannkraft einstellbaren, um wenige, vorzugsweise bis maximal 8, Zentimeter dehnbaren Spannbandes bzw. Spannbänder bewerkstelligt ist.In particular, in view of simplicity, speed and efficiency of construction, and in particular also of durability and durability of the structures of the above-mentioned lightweight boards according to the invention formed with slot-board layers, e.g. in the case of their use in developing countries, a substantial further object of the present invention is a plate-like lightweight construction element, in particular a lightweight wall or ceiling element and in particular a house body formed with a plurality of these elements, which is characterized in that it or with a A plurality of - as described above - on their side edges by means of connection grooves and springs positively bonded together lightweight panels is formed, said Aneinanderbindung means of at least one, but preferably more, for example arranged spaced apart, and optionally intersecting, forming the body of the building lightweight components of side walls, partitions, bottom wall and / or ceiling or roof surfaces connecting and exciting, adjustable in their clamping force to a few, preferably up to 8, centimeters stretchable strap or Tensioning bands is accomplished.
Was die Spannelemente selbst betrifft, so ist in einer Ausführungsform vorgesehen, dass dieselben mit einer starken, die beiden Bandenden miteinander verbindenden Feder ausgebildet sind, welche insbesondere bei Schwankungen, z.B. infolge von Erdbebenereignissen, dazu führen, dass der Hauskörper nicht beschädigt wird, da eine gewisse Nachgiebigkeit und gegenseitige Verschiebbarkeit der Wandelemente infolge der gezielt begrenzten Dehnfähigkeit der Spannbänder gegeben ist.As far as the clamping elements themselves are concerned, it is provided in one embodiment that they are formed with a strong spring interconnecting the two band ends which, in particular in the event of fluctuations, e.g. As a result of earthquake events, cause the house body is not damaged, since a certain flexibility and mutual displacement of the wall elements is given due to the targeted limited elasticity of the straps.
Dadurch, dass die Leichtbauplatten des Hauskörpers miteinander nicht verleimt sind und ihre gegenseitige Stabilität durch die Formschluss-Nuten und -Federn gesichert ist, ist im Falle der Notwendigkeit ein Abbau desselben ohne Zerstörung oder Beschädigung der Bauplatten ermöglicht und deren Zusammenbau ist dann an anderer Stelle, wo Notwendigkeit besteht, ohne Schwierigkeiten möglich.The fact that the lightweight panels of the house body are not glued together and their mutual stability is secured by the positive locking grooves and springs, in the case of necessity, a reduction of the same without destruction or damage to the building panels allows and their assembly is then elsewhere, where there is a need, without difficulty possible.
Ein ganz wesentlicher Vorteil der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, dass alle für die Erstellung der Bretter und damit der Bauelemente notwendigen Hilfsmittel, wie Maschinen und die durchzuführenden Arbeitsschritte so einfach sind, dass sie von bloß kurz angelernten Arbeitskräften durchgeführt werden können und der maschinelle Aufwand auf ein Minimum reduziert ist.A very significant advantage of the present invention is that all tools necessary for the preparation of the boards and thus the components, such as machines and the work steps to be performed are so simple that they can be performed by just trained workers and the mechanical effort on a Minimum is reduced.
Dies gilt in besonders hohem Maße für die Leicht-Bauplatte gemäß dem Anspruch 2, deren Bretter seitenflanken-parallele Nuten aufweisen.This applies to a particularly high degree for the lightweight building board according to
Ein bevorzugtes erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren zur Herstellung der Leichtbauplatte ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
- I. die einzelnen Bretter oberflächlich geglättet bzw. gehobelt und an ihren beiden Seitenflanken mit formschlüssig kooperierbaren Nuten und Federn versehen werden, dass dann
- IIa. eine Schar von seitlich aneinander liegenden, schräg in einem positiven Winkel zur Längsausrichtung einer Zuführungsbahn ausgerichteten, jeweils mit den Seitenflanken-Formschlusselementen versehenen Brettern kontinuierlich durch eine Nutenfräseinrichtung mit zwei, vorzugsweise gleichzeitig, in beide Hauptflächen der Bretter zueinander parallele, schräge Nuten schneidenden Fräswalzen geführt wird, dass
- IIb. die auf diese Weise beidseitig mit Scharen von zueinander parallelen schrägen Nuten versehenen Bretter danach durch dieselbe oder eine andere Zuführungsbahn ebenfalls seitlich aneinander liegend, allerdings in einem ebenso großen, jedoch negativen bzw. umgekehrten Winkel wieder zwischen zwei - beidseitig Scharen von die zuerst geschnittenen Nuten kreuzenden, zueinander parallelen, anders schrägen Nuten schneidenden Nuten-Fräswalzen hindurch geführt werden, dass
- III. die auf diese Weise beidseitig mit einander kreuzenden Nuten versehenen Bretter nach, beispielsweise punktweisem, Auftrag eines Klebers in ihre seitlichen Nuten und/oder auf ihre Federn miteinander zu einer Schicht mit Scharen von positiv oder negativ schräg im Winkel zu ihrer Fortbewegungsrichtung in den Zuführungsbahn(en) angeordneten Brettern seitlich aneinander gebunden werden, dass
- IV. danach z.B. in einer breiteren Führungsbahn eine geradlinige beidseitige Längsbeschneidung der Schichtränder und eine Ablängung zu den die gewünschte längs-rechteckige Grundform der Leichtbauplatte aufweisende Formen besitzenden, einzelnen Schichten erfolgt, wonach
- V. jeweils auf eine der Hauptflächen der aneinander zu bindenden Schichten ein Polymerkleber und auf deren jeweils andere Hauptfläche ein Polymerhärter aufgetragen wird, und danach
- VI. die Schichten in einer der in den Ansprüchen 1
bis 9 beschriebenen spezifischen Anordnungen, selbst insbesondere Anschluss-Nuten und -Federn ausbildend, entweder kongruent, oder vorzugsweise jeweils zumindest seitlich gegeneinander parallel verschoben, flächig aufeinander geschichtet und durch Druckausübung, beispielsweise
- I. the individual boards superficially smoothed or planed and provided on its two side edges with positively cooperable grooves and springs that then
- IIa. a group of side-by-side, obliquely aligned at a positive angle to the longitudinal orientation of a feed path, each provided with the side edge-form-locking elements boards is continuously guided by a Nutenfräseinrichtung with two, preferably simultaneously, in both major surfaces of the boards mutually parallel oblique grooves cutting milling that
- IIb. the boards provided in this way on both sides with flocks of mutually parallel oblique grooves boards then also by the same or another feed track also lying laterally to each other, but in an equally large, but negative or inverted angle again between two - crossing on both sides crowds of the first cut grooves , mutually parallel, differently oblique grooves cutting groove-milling rollers are passed through that
- III. the boards provided in this way on both sides with intersecting grooves after, for example pointwise, application of an adhesive in their lateral grooves and / or on their feathers together to a layer with families of positive or negative obliquely at an angle to their direction of movement in the feed path (s ) arranged boards are laterally bonded to each other, that
- IV. Thereafter, for example, in a wider guideway a rectilinear two-sided longitudinal circumcision of the layer edges and a cut to the desired longitudinally rectangular basic shape of the lightweight building board possessing forms owning individual layers takes place, after which
- V. in each case on one of the main surfaces of the layers to be bonded together, a polymer adhesive and on the respective other major surface of a polymer hardener is applied, and thereafter
- VI. the layers in one of the specific arrangements described in claims 1 to 9, even in particular connecting grooves and springs forming, either congruent, or preferably in each case at least laterally offset from each other in parallel, layered on top of each other and by applying pressure, for example
Besonders bevorzugt ist eine wesentlich vereinfachte Ausführungsform des neuen Herstellungsverfahrens, welche dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass
- I. die für die Herstellung der Schichten vorgesehenen Bretter parallel zur Richtung einer Zuführungsbahn durch diese Zuführungsbahn geführt, in einem einzigen Arbeitsgang oberflächengeglättet, insbesondere gehobelt, in ihre Seitenflanken jeweils formschlüssig kooperierbare Formschlusselemente, nämlich Feder und Nut, eingearbeitet und in ihre beidseitigen bzw. beiden Hauptflächen jeweils eine Schar von zueinander parallelen, zu den Seitenflanken der Bretter ebenfalls parallel verlaufenden, bzw. dem Holzfaserverlauf in den Brettern entsprechend verlaufenden, gegebenenfalls mit einem etwa wellenartigen Verlauf über die Breite der Bretter unterschiedliche Nuttiefen aufweisenden,
Nuten 3, eingearbeitet bzw. eingefräst werden, - II. in die auf diese Weise beidseitig mit Scharen von brettseitenflanken-parallelen Nuten versehenen Bretter danach im Winkel schräge Enden geschnitten werden und die so schräg gekappte Enden aufweisenden, beidseitig genuteten Bretter im selben Winkel, seitlich aneinander liegend über eine weitere Zuführungsbahn im (genannten) Winkel zwischen zwei, die brettseitenflanken-parallelen Nuten im Winkel kreuzende Nuten schneidenden, beidseitig angeordneten Nuten-Fräswalzen hindurchgeführt werden,
- III. die auf diese Weise beidseitig mit einander kreuzenden Nuten versehenen Bretter nach, beispielsweise punktweisem, Auftrag eines Klebers in ihre seitlichen Nuten und/oder auf ihre Federn miteinander zu Schichten mit Scharen von schräg im Winkel zu ihrer Fortbewegungsrichtung in den Zuführungsbahn(en) angeordneten Brettern seitlich aneinander gebunden werden, dass nach
- Ablängung der einzelnen zu den die gewünschte längs-rechteckige Grundform der Leichtbauplatte aufweisende Formen besitzenden, Schichten erfolgt, wonach
- IV. jeweils auf eine der Hauptflächen der aneinander zu bindenden Schichten ein Polymerkleber und auf deren jeweils andere Hauptfläche ein Polymerhärter aufgetragen wird, und danach
- V. die Schichten in einer der in den Ansprüchen 1
bis 9 beschriebenen spezifischen Anordnungen, insbesondere selbst Anschluss-Nuten und -Federn ausbildend, entweder kongruent, oder vorzugsweise jeweils zumindest seitlich gegeneinander parallel verschoben, flächig aufeinander geschichtet und durch Druckausübung, beispielsweise
- I. the boards provided for the production of the layers guided parallel to the direction of a feed path through this feed path, surface smoothed in a single operation, in particular planed, in their side edges each positively locking cooperable form-fitting elements, namely spring and groove, incorporated and in their two-sided or both Main surfaces in each case a family of mutually parallel, to the side edges of the boards also parallel, or the wood fiber course in the boards correspondingly extending, optionally with an approximately wave-like course over the width of the boards different groove depths,
grooves 3, incorporated or milled . - II. In the manner provided in this way on both sides with flocks of board side flanks parallel grooves boards are then cut at an angle oblique ends and the obliquely capped ends, both sides grooved boards in the same angle, laterally adjacent to each other via a further feed track in the (mentioned) Angle between two, the board side edge-parallel grooves in the angle crossing grooves are cut, passed on both sides groove milling drums,
- III. the provided in this way on both sides with intersecting grooves boards after, for example, points, application of an adhesive in their lateral grooves and / or on their feathers together to layers with crowds of oblique At an angle to their direction of movement in the feed path (s) arranged boards are laterally bonded to each other, that after
- Cut to length of the individual having to the desired longitudinal rectangular basic shape of the lightweight panel having shapes, layers, then
- IV. A polymer adhesive is applied to one of the main surfaces of the layers to be bonded to one another, and a polymer hardener is applied to the respective other main surface thereof, and thereafter
- V. the layers in one of the specific arrangements described in claims 1 to 9, in particular itself forming connection grooves and springs, either congruent, or preferably at least laterally offset from each other in parallel, layered on top of each other and by applying pressure, for example
Was das neue Herstellungsverfahren sowie die, vorzugsweise auf diese Weise, hergestellten Leichtbauplatten betrifft, so kann die Herstellung direkt vor Ort, also z.B. jeweils in einem Katastrophen- oder Erdbebengebiet, ohne viel Aufwand mit bloß kurz angelernten Kräften ohne Notwendigkeit von Fachkräften durchgeführt werden, was sich insbesondere für den Einsatz in Ländern mit geringen Ressourcen und insbesondere mit erhöhter oder hoher Gefährdung durch Naturereignisse besonders günstig auswirkt.As regards the new production process and the lightweight panels produced, preferably in this way, the manufacture can be carried out directly on site, e.g. in each case in a disaster or earthquake area, without much effort with only briefly trained forces without the need of skilled workers to be carried out, which is particularly beneficial for use in countries with low resources and in particular with increased or high risk of natural events.
Anhand der Zeichnung wird die Erfindung näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing.
Es zeigen die
- Fig. 1
- in Explosionsdarstellung vier Schichten von seitlich aneinander liegenden Brettern mit beidseitig angeordneten, einander kreuzenden Nuten, die
- Fig. 2
- in einer Detaildarstellung eines der die neuen Leichtbauplatten bildenden Bretter, die
- Fig. 3
- den Schnitt durch eine speziell gestaltete Bauplatte mit auf einer ihrer beiden Hauptflächen befindlichen Nuten mit unterschiedlichen Tiefen von deren Nutgründen, die
- Fig. 3a
- den Schnitt durch ein anders gestaltetes Brett, die
- Fig. 4
- einen Teil einer erfindungsgemäßen, mit vier Schichten von aneinander liegenden Brettern gebildeten Leichtbauplatte, wobei dort die Nuten und Federn für deren Zusammenbau mit weiteren Leichtbauplatten gezeigt sind, die
- Fig. 5
- schematisch den Zusammenbau der erfindungsgemäßen Leichtbauplatten zu einem Hauskörper und den Zusammenhalt derselben bzw. desselben mittels eines erfindungsgemäß einzusetzenden Spannbandes, die
- Fig. 5a
- schematisch die "Umgürtung" eines Hauses mit mehreren Spannbändern, die
- Fig. 6
- schematisch ein neues und an sich relativ einfaches Verfahren zur Herstellung der genuteten Bretter und der daraus gebildeten neuen Leichtbauplatten gemäß der Erfindung, die
- Fig. 7
- eine vergleichsweise noch einfachere, bevorzugte Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Herstellungsverfahrens, die
- Fig. 8
- eine mögliche, konkret bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Spannbandes, die
- Fig. 9
- einen Ausschnitt einer Draufsicht auf eine Schicht mit vorstehenden Stegen in der Form von Parallelogrammflächen zwischen zwei Scharen von Nuten, die
- Fig. 10
- eine schematische Darstellung der Leimflächen zwischen den aneinander anliegenden Stegen von zwei verbundnen Schichten gemäss
Fig. 9 , die - Fig. 11a bis 11e
- perspektivische Darstellungen von Schichten einer Leichtbauplatte und die
- Fig. 12 und 13
- perspektivische Darstellungen von Leichtbauplatten mit drei bzw. fünf Schichten gemäss
Fig. 11a bis 11e
- Fig. 1
- in an exploded view four layers of laterally adjacent boards with mutually arranged, intersecting grooves, the
- Fig. 2
- in a detailed representation of one of the new lightweight panels forming boards, the
- Fig. 3
- the section through a specially designed building board with grooves located on one of its two major surfaces with different depths of their groove surfaces, the
- Fig. 3a
- the cut by a differently designed board, the
- Fig. 4
- a part of a lightweight board according to the invention, formed with four layers of contiguous boards, where there are shown the grooves and springs for their assembly with other lightweight panels, the
- Fig. 5
- schematically the assembly of the lightweight panels of the invention to a house body and the cohesion of the same or the same by means of a tension band to be used according to the invention, the
- Fig. 5a
- schematically the "girding" of a house with several straps, the
- Fig. 6
- schematically a new and in itself relatively simple method for producing the grooved boards and the new lightweight panels formed therefrom according to the invention, the
- Fig. 7
- a comparatively even simpler, preferred variant of the manufacturing method according to the invention, the
- Fig. 8
- a possible, specifically preferred embodiment of the present invention provided tension band, the
- Fig. 9
- a section of a plan view of a layer with protruding ridges in the form of parallelogram between two sets of grooves, the
- Fig. 10
- a schematic representation of the glue surfaces between the adjacent webs of two composite layers according to
Fig. 9 , the - Fig. 11a to 11e
- perspective views of layers of a lightweight board and the
- FIGS. 12 and 13
- perspective views of lightweight panels with three or five layers according to
Fig. 11a to 11e
Die
Jeweils zwei zueinander gehörende und dadurch gegen Verzug gesicherte Schichten 01, 02 sowie 03 und 04 der neuen Bauplatte 100 sind mit Brettern 2 gebildet, welche schräg zu den Seitenrändern der Schichten ausgerichtet sind, wobei jedoch die Bretter der jeweils zueinander gehörenden Schichten 01, 02 sowie 03, 04 zueinander um eine Achse A1 um 180° verdreht windschief zueinander angeordnet sind, also die Bretter der Schicht 01 in Winkeln +α und die Bretter 2 der Schicht 02 in Winkeln von -α zu deren Seitenränder bzw. -flanken 200, 200' ausgerichtet sind, und die Bretter 2 der Schicht 03 mit einem negativen Winkel -β und die Bretter 2 der Schicht 04 mit einem positiven Winkel +β zu den jeweiligen Seitenrändern der genannten Schichten ausgerichtet sind.In each case two mutually belonging and thus secured against distortion layers 01, 02 and 03 and 04 of the
Die beiden Hauptflächen der genannten Schichten und ihrer Bretter 2 haben die Bezugszeichen 205 und 205' und insgesamt kann z. B. die in
Selbstverständlich kann jede andere Anordnung und Zahl von Schichten der neuen Leichtbauplatte vorgesehen sein, wenn nur darauf geachtet wird, dass jeweils miteinander korrespondierende Schichten im jeweils gleichen positiven und negativen Winkel windschief zueinander angeordnete Scharen von Brettern aufweisen.Of course, any other arrangement and number of layers of the new lightweight board can be provided, if only care is taken that each corresponding layers in the same positive and negative angle each have skewed mutually arranged flocks of boards.
Die
Die Nuten 3, 3' haben bevorzugt rechteckige Querschnittsform und bilden zwischen einander jeweils parallelogrammartige bzw. rhombische Inseln 30 mit dem Nutkreuzungswinkel entsprechenden, spitzen Winkeln γ. An dieser Stelle ist zu erwähnen, dass selbstverständlich die Bretter 2 nicht nur entlang ihrer Seitenflanken 200, 200' formschlüssige Nuten und Federn 202, 202' aufweisen können, sondern jeweils auch an ihren kurzen, nicht näher bezeichneten Endflanken.The
Die
Die
Die
Die
Die
In der
- IIb. die auf diese Weise beidseitig mit Scharen von einander kreuzenden zueinander parallelen Nuten (3) versehenen Bretter (2) danach durch dieselbe oder eine andere Zuführungsbahn (6') ebenfalls seitlich aneinander liegend, allerdings in einem ebenso großen, negativen bzw. umgekehrten Winkel wieder zwischen zwei - beidseitig Scharen von die zuerst geschnittenen Nuten (3) kreuzenden, zueinander parallelen Nuten (3') schneidenden Nuten-Fräswalzen (62, 62') hindurch geführt werden, dass in einem Schritt
- III. die auf diese Weise beidseitig mit einander kreuzenden Nuten (3, 3') versehenen Bretter (2) nach, beispielsweise punktweisem, Auftrag eines Klebers (K) in ihre seitlichen Nuten (202) und/oder auf ihre Federn (202') miteinander zu einer Schicht (04, 02, 01, 03) mit Scharen von positiv oder negativ schräg im Winkel zur Fortbewegungsrichtung in der (den) Zuführungsbahn(en) (6,6') angeordneten Brettern (2) seitlich miteinander verbunden werden, dass danach in einem weiteren Schritt
- IV., z.B. in einer breiteren Führungsbahn (60), eine, vorzugsweise geradlinige beidseitige Längsbeschneidung (7) der Schichtränder und eine Ablängung (7') zu den die gewünschte längs-rechteckige Grundform der Leichtbauplatte (100) aufweisende Formen besitzenden, einzelnen Schichten (01 bis 04) erfolgt, wonach im Schritt
- V. jeweils auf eine der Hauptflächen (205, 205') jeder der Schichten (01 bis 04) ein Polymerkleber (Pk) und auf deren jeweils andere Hauptfläche (205', 205) ein Polymerhärter (Ph) aufgetragen wird, und dass danach
- VI. die Schichten (01 bis 04) in einer der in den Ansprüchen 1
bis 7 beschriebenen Anordnungen, insbesondere Anschluss-Nuten und -Federn ausbildend, entweder kongruent oder, wie hier gezeigt, vorzugsweise jeweils zumindest seitlich gegeneinander parallel verschoben, flächig aufeinander geschichtet und durch Druckausübung (P), beispielsweise
- IIb. the boards (2) provided in this way on both sides with flocks of intersecting parallel grooves (3) thereafter by the same or one other feed track (6 ') also laterally adjacent to each other, but in an equally large, negative or reverse angle again between two - on both sides crowds of the first cut grooves (3) crossing, mutually parallel grooves (3') intersecting groove-milling rollers ( 62, 62 ') are passed through that in one step
- III. the boards (2) provided in this way on both sides with intersecting grooves (3, 3 '), for example, pointwise, applying an adhesive (K) to their lateral grooves (202) and / or their springs (202') a layer (04, 02, 01, 03) with sets of positive or negative obliquely at an angle to the direction of movement in the feed path (s) (6,6 ') arranged boards (2) are laterally connected to each other, that after another step
- IV., For example, in a wider guideway (60), one, preferably rectilinear two-sided longitudinal trimming (7) of the layer edges and a cut (7 ') to the individual longitudinally rectangular rectangular shape of the lightweight board (100) possessing individual layers ( 01 to 04), after which in step
- V. on each of the major surfaces (205, 205 ') of each of the layers (01 to 04) a polymer adhesive (Pk) and on the other major surface (205', 205), a polymer hardener (Ph) is applied, and that thereafter
- VI. the layers (01 to 04) in one of the arrangements described in claims 1 to 7, in particular connecting grooves and springs forming, either congruent or, as shown here, preferably at least laterally offset from each other in parallel, layered on top of each other and by applying pressure (P), for example
Die
- I. die für die Herstellung der Schichten (01, 02, 03, 04) vorgesehenen Bretter (2), parallel zur Richtung einer Zuführungsbahn (6) durch diese Zuführungsbahn (6) geführt, in einem einzigen Arbeitsgang oberflächengeglättet, insbesondere gehobelt, in ihre Seitenflanken jeweils formschlüssig kooperierbare Formschlusselemente, nämlich Feder (202') und Nut, (202) eingearbeitet und in ihre beidseitigen bzw. beiden Hauptflächen (205, 205') jeweils eine Schar von zueinander parallelen und zu den Seitenflanken (200, 200') der Bretter (2) ebenfalls parallel verlaufende, bzw. dem Holzfaserverlauf (vf) in den Brettern (2) entsprechend verlaufende, Nuten (3), bzw. gegebenenfalls mit einem etwa wellenartigen Verlauf über die Breite der Bretter (2) unterschiedliche Nuttiefen (tn) aufweisende Nuten 3, eingearbeitet bzw. eingefräst werden,
- II. in die auf diese Weise beidseitig mit Scharen von brettseitenflanken-parallelen Nuten (3) versehenen Bretter (2) danach im Winkel schräge Enden geschnitten werden und diese, schräg gekappte Enden aufweisenden, beidseitig genuteten (3) Bretter (2) im selben Winkel, seitlich aneinander liegend über eine weitere Zuführungsbahn (6') im (genannten) Winkel (α) zwischen zwei, die brettseitenflanken-parallelen Nuten (3) im Winkel kreuzende Nuten (3') schneidenden, beidseitig angeordneten Nuten-Fräswalzen (62, 62') hindurchgeführt werden,
- III. die auf diese Weise beidseitig mit einander kreuzenden Nuten (3, 3') versehenen Bretter (2) nach, beispielsweise punktweisem, Auftrag eines Klebers (K) in ihre seitlichen Nuten (202) und/oder auf ihre Federn (202') miteinander einer Schichten (01, 02; 01, 02) mit Scharen von schräg im Winkel zu ihrer Fortbewegungsrichtung in den Zuführungsbahn(en) angeordneten Brettern (2) seitlich aneinander gebunden werden, dass nachher
- IV. jeweils auf eine der Hauptflächen (205, 205') der aneinander zu bindenden Schichten ein Polymerkleber und auf deren jeweils andere Hauptfläche (205', 205) ein Polymerhärter aufgetragen wird, und danach
- V. die Schichten (01 bis 04) in einer der in den Ansprüchen 1
bis 9 beschriebenen spezifischen Anordnungen, insbesondere Anschluss-Nuten (102) und -Federn (102') ausbildend, entweder kongruent, oder vorzugsweise jeweils zumindest seitlich gegeneinander parallel verschoben, flächig aufeinander geschichtet und durch Druckausübung (P), beispielsweise
- I. the for the production of the layers (01, 02, 03, 04) provided boards (2), parallel to the direction of a feed track (6) through this feed track (6) surface-smoothed in a single operation, in particular planed, in their Side flanks in each case form-fitting cooperable interlocking elements, namely spring (202 ') and groove, (202) incorporated and in their two-sided or two major surfaces (205, 205') each have a family of parallel and to the side edges (200, 200 ') of the boards (2) also in parallel extending, or the wood fiber course (vf) in the boards (2) correspondingly extending, grooves (3), or optionally with an approximately wave-like course over the width of the boards (2) different groove depths (tn) having
grooves 3, incorporated or are milled - II. In the thus provided in this way on both sides with flocks of board side edge parallel grooves (3) boards (2) are then cut at an angle oblique ends and having obliquely cut ends, both sides grooved (3) boards (2) in the same angle , laterally adjacent to one another via a further feed track (6 ') in the (mentioned) angle (α) between two groove milling drills (62, 62) intersecting grooves (3') crossing at an angle between the side edges of the board (3) ') are passed,
- III. the boards (2) provided in this way on both sides with intersecting grooves (3, 3 ') after, for example pointwise, application of an adhesive (K) in their lateral grooves (202) and / or on their springs (202') with each other Layers (01, 02, 01, 02) with sets of boards (2) arranged obliquely at an angle to their direction of movement in the feed path (s) are laterally bound together that later
- IV. On each of the major surfaces (205, 205 ') of the layers to be bonded to each other, a polymer adhesive and on the other major surface (205', 205), a polymer hardener is applied, and thereafter
- V. the layers (01 to 04) in one of the specific arrangements described in claims 1 to 9, in particular connecting grooves (102) and springs (102 ') forming, either congruent, or preferably at least laterally offset from each other in parallel, layered on top of each other and by applying pressure (P), for example
Die
- An die beiden Enden der einzelnen Abschnitte des
Spannbandes 150 ist jeweils extrem jeweilsein Federgehäuse 90 gebunden, z.B. durch Nietung oder Schweißung.Zwischen den Gehäusen 90 ist jeweils einemit einem Bolzen 94 mit Rechtsgewinde und mit einem Bolzen 94' mit Linksgewinde versehene, mit denselben einstückige Mittelmutter 95 angeordnet, und jeweils dieSpannbolzen 94,94' sind in den beidenmit dem Gehäuse 90 verbundenen Spannmuttern 92 mit Rechts- und Linksgewinde 941, 942 schraubdrehbar und so können dieim Federgehäuse 90 befindlichen Federn 93 das Spannband (150) mehr oder weniger spannen.
- At the two ends of the individual sections of the
clamping band 150 each have arespective spring housing 90 each bound, for example by riveting or welding. Between thehousings 90 is one with abolt 94 with right-hand thread and a bolt 94 'provided with left-hand thread, arranged with the same one-piece center nut 95, and each of the clampingbolts 94,94' are in the two connected to thehousing 90 clampingnuts 92 with Right and left-hand threads 941, 942 screw-threaded and so thesprings 93 located in thespring housing 90, the tension band (150) more or less tension.
Zwischen den Nuten 3, 3' sind Inseln 30 mit parallelogrammförmigen Oberflächen ausgebildet. Die Grösse und insbesondere die Länge dieser Inseln 30 hängt vom Abstand zwischen benachbarten Nuten 3, 3' jeder der beiden Scharen sowie vom Winkel γ zwischen den Ausrichtungen der beiden Scharen von Nuten 3, 3' ab. Mit einem von 90° abnehmendem Winkel γ nimmt die Länge der Inseln 30 zu, wobei der Winkel zwischen der Ausrichtung der grössten Länge der Inseln und den Seitenflanken 200, 200' abnimmt. Bei kleinen Winkeln γ, beispielsweise bei 10°, erscheinen die Inseln als Stegabschnitte, die sich annähernd in Richtung der Seitenflanken 200, 200' erstrecken. Bei vorgegebenen Nutabständen kann eine gewünschte Länge der Stegabschnitte durch die Wahl des Winkels γ eingestellt werden.Between the
Wenn der Winkel γ gegen 90° geht, so werden die Inseln rechteckförmig und die Länge und die Breite entsprechen den Abständen zwischen den Nuten je einer der Scharen. Wenn der Winkel γ von 90° gegen 100° verändert wird, so gehen die Rechtecke wieder in leicht länglich erscheinende Parallelogramme über, wobei sie gegenüber den Parallelogrammen bei Winkeln γ unter 90° spiegelbildlich ausgebildet sind.If the angle γ goes to 90 °, the islands become rectangular and the length and the width correspond to the distances between the grooves of each of the coulters. If the angle γ is changed from 90 ° to 100 °, then the rectangles change again into slightly oblong appearing parallelograms, where they opposite to the parallelograms at angles γ are formed in a mirror image at 90 °.
Die Klebeverbindungen 30a sind eng begrenzte Bereiche der gegeneinander vorstehenden Inseln 30. Zwischen den Richtungen der grössten Längen der Inseln 30 beider Schichten 01, 02 liegt in der dargestellten Ausführungsform ein Winkel von 114°. Wenn die kreuzenden Nuten 3' der ersten und der zweiten Schicht je entgegen gesetzt, also einmal mit γ=-10° und einmal mit γ=+10° zu den entsprechenden Seitenflanken 200, 200' ausgerichtet würden, so wäre zwischen den Richtungen der grössten Längen der Inseln 30 beider Schichten 01, 02 ein Winkel von 84°. Die Richtungen der grössten Längen der Inseln 30 beider Schichten 01, 02 können so gewählt werden, dass sie im Wesentlichen senkrecht bzw. quer zueinander verlaufen. Bei der gewählten Länge überspannen die Inseln 30 der ersten Schicht 01 im Wesentlichen acht Inseln 30 der zweiten Schicht 02. Durch die Klebeverbindungen 30a bilden die Inseln beider Schichten 01, 02 zusammen eine Art Verbindungsgitter, dessen Verbindungslängen über die Länge der Inseln 30 gewählt werden kann.The
Rund um die eng begrenzten Klebeverbindungen 30a bei den kurzen Inseln 30 bzw. Stegen gibt es die von den Nuten 3, 3' gebildeten Hohlräume. Wenn Biegekräfte auf die Leichtbauplatte einwirken, so führen diese beim Überschreiten einer Elastizitätsgrenze nicht zum plötzlichen Brechen der Leichtbauplatte, sondern lokal werden verbundene Inseln 30 in die verdichtbaren Hohlräume der Nuten 3, 3' umgeformt. Diese kleinen inneren Umformungen und Brüche bzw. Verschränkungen können sehr viel Energie aufnehmen, ohne dass die Leichtbauplatte bricht. Darum hat die Leichtbauplatte auch nach einer hohen Aufnahme von Verformungsenergie und einer damit einhergehenden großen Durchbiegung immer noch eine hohe verbleibende Biegefestigkeit. Die erwähnte Gitterstruktur kann über die Winkel γ, α und die Nutabstände so gewählt werden, dass sie in alle Richtungen ein ähnliches Elastizitäts-, Stabilitäts- und Verformungsverhalten gewährleistet.Around the narrow
Die
Die Leichtbauplatte 100 gemäß
Claims (13)
- A lightweight panel (100), comprising layers (01, 02, 03, 04) of a rectangular basic shape and bound to one another in a planar manner and each being formed from a multitude (20) of boards (2), wherein the boards (2) of each layer (01, 02, 03, 04) are laterally bound to one another at their lateral edges and each have a multitude of grooves, which are parallel to one another, on at least one main surface (205, 205'), the boards of a first and of a second layer (01, 02) are oriented at a first acute angle (+α, -α) of between 25 and 60° to the longitudinal lateral edges (200, 200') of the lightweight panel (100), the boards (2) of the first layer (01) are oriented to the boards (2) of the second layer (02) at an angle (2α) relative to one another, and the lightweight panel (100) in each case has at least one connection groove (102) at at least two longitudinal lateral edges (101, 101'), which are parallel to one another, and one connection spring groove (102'), which is able to cooperate with said lightweight panel in a positive manner, for a, positive connection of congenerous lightweight panels (100) on both sides, characterised in that the boards of at least one layer are laterally bound to one another in a positive manner at their lateral edges via groove (202) and spring (202'), and the boards (2) of at least one layer (01, 02), which is arranged in a central ply (MI), are on both sides (205, 205') or in both main surfaces (205, 205'), respectively, in each case provided with a first and a second multitude of grooves (3, 3'), which intersect one another at angles (γ) of between 5 and 100°, wherein the grooves of each multitude run parallel to one another.
- The lightweight panel (100) according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one multitude of grooves (3 or 3') in the at least one layer (01, 02) of the central ply (MI) on each of the two board sides (205, 205') have a longitudinal extension, which is parallel to the two lateral edges (200, 200') of the boards (2) or which substantially follows the wood fibre orientation, respectively, and that this multitude of parallel grooves (3, 3') are in each case intersected by a multitude of further parallel grooves (3, 3') at an angle of between 5 and 50°, in particular of between 5 and 35°, wherein the further grooves (3' or 3) run parallel to one another on both board sides (205; 205').
- The lightweight panel (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that at least one further layer (03, 04) is in each case bound to the at least one layer (01, 02) of the central ply (MI) in a planar manner on both sides, wherein the laterally bound, elongated boards (2) are oriented at a second acute angle (-β, +β) to the longitudinal lateral edges (200, 200') of the lightweight panel (100) in the further layers (03, 04), and the second acute angle (-β) of the boards (2) of the layer (03), which is bound to the adjacent layer (01) of the central ply (MI), has a size, which is negative to the size of the first angle (α) of the boards (2) of this layer (01) and has a different or equal angle value.
- The lightweight panel (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the lightweight panel (100) comprises a central ply comprising three layers (01, 02, 03).
- The lightweight panel (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that at least two of the layers (01, 02, 03, 04) are bound to one another in a planar manner via an intermediate layer (001).
- The lightweight panel (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the grooves (3, 3'), which intersect one another, of the boards (2), have the same distance from one another and/or have the same width and in each case enclose parallelogram-shaped islands (30) of the same size, wherein the overall surfaces taken up by the grooves (3) are present at a ratio of between 1 and 2 to between 2 and 1, preferably of between 1.25 and 11 to between 1 and 1.25 to the sum of the surfaces of the islands (30), and the grooves in particular have a rectangular cross section and are embodied with an equal or, if applicable, with a different depth.
- The lightweight panel (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that, in the case of at least one outer surface of the lightweight panel, a layer of boards (2) is arranged, which comprise at least one multitude, but preferably two multitudes of grooves (3, 3'), which intersect one another at angles (γ) of between 5 and 100°, only on the main surface (205 or 205'), which is directed towards the interior of the lightweight panel (100), wherein these grooves (3) preferably have a longitudinal extension, which conforms substantially to the orientation of the wood fibres (vf) of the boards (2), and the boards (2) in particular comprise edge areas or chamfers, respectively, which are milled along both long lateral lines, on their main surface (205, 205'), which is directed against the exterior of the lightweight panel (100).
- The lightweight panel (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the boards (2), which are laterally bound to one another, of at least one layer (01, 02, 03, 04) have a multitude of grooves (3 or 3'), which are parallel to one another, comprising different depths (tn), on at least one of their main surfaces (205 or 205'), wherein the groove bases thereof are preferably arranged substantially along a way line across the width of each of the boards (2).
- The lightweight panel (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that an outer layer or plate is arranged in the case of at least one outer surface of the lightweight panel (100), if applicable comprising a significantly smaller thickness than the thickness of the layers (01, 02) of the central ply, preferably of a natural insulating material, such as cork.
- A use of lightweight panels (100) for building a house structure (10), characterised in that lightweight panels (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 9 are used, wherein they adjoin one another in a positive manner and are held together by means of connecting and clamping elements (9).
- A method for producing a lightweight panel (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, in the case of which method layers (01, 02, 03, 04) of multitudes (20) of boards (2) are formed and are bound to one another in a planar manner, wherein a multitude of grooves, which are parallel to one another, are in each case milled to at least one main surface (205, 205') of the boards (2), the boards (2) of each layer (01, 02, 03, 04 ...) are laterally bound to one another on their lateral edges, the boards of a first and of a second layer (01, 02) are bound to one another in such a way that they are oriented at a first acute angle (+α, -α) of between 25 and 60° to the longitudinal lateral edges (200, 200') of the lightweight panel (100) and the boards (2) of the first layer (01) are oriented to the boards (2) of the second layer (02) at an angle (2α) relative to one another, and at least one connection groove (102) and one connection spring (102'), which is able to cooperate therewith in a positive manner, for a positive connection of congenerous lightweight panels (100) on both sides are in each case embodied on the lightweight panel (100) on at least two longitudinal lateral edges (101, 10'), which are parallel to one another, characterised in that the boards of at least one layer are laterally bound to one another in a positive manner on their side edges via groove (202) and spring (202'), and the boards (2) of at least one layer (01, 02), which is arranged in a central ply (MI), are on both sides (205, 205') or in both main surfaces (205, 205'), respectively, in each case provided with a first and a second multitude of grooves (3, 3'), which intersect one another at angles (γ) of between 5 and 100°, wherein the grooves of each multitude run parallel to one another.
- The method according to claim 11, characterised in that- I. the individual boards are smoothed or planed, respectively, on the surface and are provided with groove (202) and spring (202'), which can cooperate in a positive manner, on their two lateral edges (200, 200'), that- IIa. a multitude of boards (2), which laterally adjoin one another and which are embodied diagonally at a positive angle to the longitudinal orientation of a delivery path (6), and which are in each case provided with the lateral edge positive elements (202, 202'), is then guided continuously through a groove milling device (61) comprising two rotary grinders (62, 62'), which cut, preferably simultaneously, diagonal grooves (3), which are parallel to one another, into both main surfaces (205, 205') of the boards (2), that- IIb. the boards (2), which are provided on both sides with multitudes of diagonal grooves (3), which are parallel to one another, in this manner, are then guided again through the same or through another connection delivery path (6') also located laterally adjacent to one another, but at a negative or reversed angle, respectively, of the same size, between two rotary groove grinders (62, 62') - which cut multitudes of different diagonal grooves (3'), which intersect the grooves (3), which were cut first and which are parallel to one another, that- III. the boards (2), which are provided on both sides with grooves (3, 3'), which intersect one another, in this manner, are laterally bound to one another after, for example pointwise, application of an adhesive (K) in their lateral grooves (202) and/or to their springs (202') to form a layer (04, 02, 01, 03) comprising multitudes of boards (2), which are arranged in the delivery path(s) in a positive or negative manner, diagonally at the angle to the direction of movement thereof, and a preferably straight longitudinal trimming (7) of the visible edges on both sides and a cutting-to-length (7') to the individual layers (01 to 04), which have the desired shapes with lengthwise rectangular basic shape of the lightweight panel (100), is then carried out, e.g. in a broader guide track (60), whereafter- IV. a polymer adhesive (PK) is in each case applied to one of the main surfaces (205, 205') of the layers (01 to 04), which are to be bound to one another, and a polymer hardener (Ph) is applied to the respective other main surface (205', 205) thereof,- V. the layers (01 to 04), which are prepared in this manner, in one of the specific configurations described in claims 1 to 9, are then pressed with one another in a planar adhesive manner, in particular forming connection grooves (102) and springs (102'), either congruently or preferably in each case at least laterally shifted parallel to one another, being stacked on top of one another in a planar manner, and by exerting a pressure (P), for example by means of a (high pressure) pressing device, by embodying the new lightweight panel (100).
- The method according to claim 11, characterised in that- I. the boards (2), which are provided for the production of the layers (01, 02, 03, 04), are guided parallel to the direction of a delivery path (6) through said delivery path (6), positive elements, namely spring (202') and groove (202), which in each case can cooperate in a positive manner, are incorporated in a single process in a surface-smoothed, in particular planed manner, into their lateral edges, and a multitude of grooves (3), which are parallel to one another and which also run parallel to the lateral edges of the boards (2) or which run so as to correspond to the wood fibre orientation (vf) in the boards (2), respectively, if applicable comprising an approximately wave-like course across the width of the boards (2) and having different groove depths (tn), are incorporated or milled, respectively, into their bilateral or both main surfaces (205, 205'), respectively,- II. diagonal ends are then cut at an angle into the boards (2), which are provided in this manner with multitudes of grooves (3), which are parallel on the lateral edges of the boards, and the boards (2), which have the ends, which are capped diagonally in this manner and which are riveted (3) on both sides, are guided through between two groove rotary grinders (62, 62') arranged on both sides, which cut the grooves (3'), which intersect the grooves (3), which are parallel to the lateral edges of the boards, at an angle, laterally adjacent to one another at the same angle, across a further delivery path (6') at the (mentioned) angle (α),- III. the boards (2), which are provided on both sides with grooves (3, 3'), which intersect one another, in this manner, are laterally bound to one another to form the layers (01, 02) after, for example pointwise, application of an adhesive (K) in their lateral grooves (202) and/or to their springs (202') to form a layer (01, 02; 01, 02) comprising multitudes of boards (2), which are arranged in the delivery path(s) diagonally at the angle to the direction of movement thereof , that- IV. a polymer adhesive (PK) is then in each case applied to one of the main surfaces (205, 205') of the layers, which are to be bound to one another, and a polymer hardener (Ph) is applied to the respective other main surface (205', 205) thereof,- V. the layers (01, 02, 03, 04), which are prepared in this manner, in one of the specific arrangement described in claims 1 to 9, are then pressed with one another in a planar adhesive manner, in particular forming connection grooves (102) and springs (102'), either congruently or preferably in each case at least laterally shifted parallel to one another, being stacked on top of one another in a planar manner, and by exerting a pressure (P), for example by means of a (high pressure) pressing device, by embodying the new lightweight panel (100).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH00162/13A CH707514A2 (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2013-01-16 | Lightweight panel and procedures for their preparation. |
PCT/EP2014/050707 WO2014111425A1 (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2014-01-15 | Lightweight panel and method for the production thereof |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2946044A1 EP2946044A1 (en) | 2015-11-25 |
EP2946044B1 true EP2946044B1 (en) | 2017-05-17 |
Family
ID=49989739
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14700656.3A Not-in-force EP2946044B1 (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2014-01-15 | Lightweight panel and method for the production thereof |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2946044B1 (en) |
CH (1) | CH707514A2 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2640624C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014111425A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10131119B2 (en) | 2015-10-21 | 2018-11-20 | Freres Lumber Co., Inc. | Laminated wood product |
US10464294B2 (en) | 2015-10-21 | 2019-11-05 | Freres Lumber Co., Inc. | Wood panel assemblies and methods of production |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2469279A1 (en) * | 1979-11-14 | 1981-05-22 | Degut Andre | Composite wood panel for furniture - has layers of tongued and grooved boards bonded with alternate grains mutually orthogonal |
DE9408382U1 (en) * | 1994-05-20 | 1994-08-04 | Egle, Wilhelm, 79733 Görwihl | Wooden building element with wooden layers |
AT505954A1 (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2009-05-15 | Berger Johann | BOARD OD. DGL. |
RU92053U1 (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2010-03-10 | Сергей Евгеньевич Дорожкин | WOODEN MULTI-LAYERED PANEL |
AT509156B1 (en) * | 2009-11-23 | 2012-09-15 | Lb Engineering Gmbh | WOOD WALL STONE |
CH703133A2 (en) * | 2010-05-12 | 2011-11-15 | 3A Technology & Man Ag | Shaped body with Balsahölzern and methods for their preparation. |
-
2013
- 2013-01-16 CH CH00162/13A patent/CH707514A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2014
- 2014-01-15 RU RU2015125903A patent/RU2640624C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2014-01-15 WO PCT/EP2014/050707 patent/WO2014111425A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-01-15 EP EP14700656.3A patent/EP2946044B1/en not_active Not-in-force
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2946044A1 (en) | 2015-11-25 |
CH707514A2 (en) | 2014-07-31 |
WO2014111425A1 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
RU2015125903A (en) | 2017-02-22 |
RU2640624C2 (en) | 2018-01-10 |
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