EP2941593A2 - Cooled wall of combustion chamber and combustion chamber comprising said wall - Google Patents
Cooled wall of combustion chamber and combustion chamber comprising said wallInfo
- Publication number
- EP2941593A2 EP2941593A2 EP13830068.6A EP13830068A EP2941593A2 EP 2941593 A2 EP2941593 A2 EP 2941593A2 EP 13830068 A EP13830068 A EP 13830068A EP 2941593 A2 EP2941593 A2 EP 2941593A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flat
- wall
- manifold
- cooled wall
- combustion chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B13/00—Steam boilers of fire-box type, i.e. the combustion of fuel being performed in a chamber or fire-box with subsequent flue(s) or fire tube(s), both chamber or fire-box and flues or fire tubes being built-in in the boiler body
- F22B13/005—Steam boilers of fire-box type, i.e. the combustion of fuel being performed in a chamber or fire-box with subsequent flue(s) or fire tube(s), both chamber or fire-box and flues or fire tubes being built-in in the boiler body with flues, other than fire tubes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/36—Arrangements for sheathing or casing boilers
- F22B37/365—Casings of metal sheets, e.g. expansion plates, expansible joints
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new type of cooled wall for producing combustion chambers of the type used in industrial boilers for transforming thermal energy produced through combustion into high pressure steam.
- the subject of the present invention is therefore both the cooled wall and the combustion chamber comprising said cooled wall.
- the applications of the present invention are many, although it is particularly advantageous when used on boilers that produce steam by incinerating waste (solid urban waste, industrial waste, hazardous toxic waste and so on) and related derivatives.
- the containing walls of a conventional steam boiler are formed of membrane walls, i.e. of walls formed by parallel membrane tubes inside which the fluid (water/steam) flows.
- this facing material is formed by Inconel 625, a very expensive material, which is applied with a minimum thickness of 2 mm to all parts of the membrane wall by means of complex welding processes.
- the product applied is based on nickel and has very high costs.
- a common carbon steel rarely exceeds the price of 1 Euro/kg, while the Inconel 625 facing material has a cost in the order of 30 Euro/kg.
- the cost of the cladding for protecting the membrane wall from corrosive agents is extremely high, in excess of the production cost of the combustion chamber itself.
- membrane walls are formed by carbon steel tubes aligned parallel to each other, between which there is interposed a plate (called membrane), also made of steel of appropriate thickness and width, continuously welded along one edge of the tubes.
- the membrane wall of the boiler is therefore formed by an alternation of tube/plate/tube repeated N times.
- the main aim of the present invention is thus to provide a new type of wall for combustion chambers of boilers in genera), and in particular for combustion chambers used in environments in which the combustion fumes are particularly aggressive, as they contain chlorine, sulphur and similar corrosive chemical agents.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a new type of wall for combustion chambers of boilers that have considerably lower production and maintenance costs with respect to the production and maintenance costs of current clad membrane walls.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a new type of wall for combustion chambers of boilers that allows a reduced and simpler facing of anti- corrosion cladding material.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a new type of wall for combustion chambers of boilers that form an autonomous element from the point of view of fluid circulation and which can be assembled together simply by joining two manifolds.
- the proposed system forms a modular system in which portions of flat cooled walls are welded to each other at connecting manifolds between the "riser” and the “downcomer” manifolds.
- Fig. 1 schematically shows a wall produced with membrane tubes currently known in the state of the art
- Fig. 2 schematically shows a flat wall according to the present invention
- Fig. 3 shows a top sectional view with a horizontal plane of the membrane wall currently known in the state of the art shown in Fig. 1 ;
- Fig. 4 shows a top sectional view with a horizontal plane of the flat wall forming the subject of the present invention shown in Fig. 2;
- Figs. 5 and 6 show the different application of a protective cladding respectively to a membrane wall of the type known in the state of the art and to a flat wall forming the subject of the present invention
- Fig. 7 shows the weld spots of a membrane wall of the type known in the state of the art
- Fig. 8 shows the joining means of the flat sheets that form the membrane wall forming the subject of the present invention
- Figs. 9 and 10 show the execution of an opening, for example to produce an inspection door, respectively in a membrane wall of the type known in the state of the art and in a flat wall of the type forming the subject of the present invention
- Figs. 11 and 12 show the use of anchors for applying a refractory material respectively to a membrane wall and to a flat wall;
- Figs. 13 and 14 show the execution of a repair respectively in the case of a membrane wall of known type and of a flat wall according to the present invention
- Figs. 15 and 16 show connection of the wall to the feeding manifolds respectively in the case of a membrane wall of known type and of a flat wall according to the present invention
- Fig. 17 shows the joining of two modules of flat wall according to the present invention, each module comprising vertical manifolds that convey the fluid to/from the horizontal feeding/recovery manifolds;
- Fig. 17A schematically shows the welding of two adjacent vertical manifolds to join two contiguous vertical flat wall modules
- Fig. 18 shows a cross-sectional view along the plane with section A-A indicated in Fig. 19 of a boiler of conventional type comprising a flat wall according to the present invention
- Fig. 19 is a plan view of a boiler of conventional type comprising a flat wall according to the present invention.
- Fig. 20 is a front view of the boiler of conventional type of Fig. 19;
- Fig. 21 is a sectional side view with a vertical plane of a waste boiler, typically affected by the need to apply a cladding.
- the walls of the boiler of the type considered herein are formed by tubes parallel to each other and joined with a welded plate.
- the wall is therefore a membrane wall, in which the tube/plate/tube sequence is repeated N times, as visible in the section A-A of Fig. 1 .
- the vertical tubes of the membrane wall are connected to a lower feeding manifold, called “downcomer” , and to an upper manifold, called “riser”.
- each tube thus forms a separate circuit in which the water flows in through the lower manifold, passes through the tube towards the upper manifold, and flows out from this upper manifold, completely transformed into steam or in a mixture of water and steam.
- the proposed solution in place of a membrane wall formed by a plurality of tubes joined by a plate, provides for a wall 1 produced with a pair of parallel flat sheets 2 inside which the fluid flows.
- joining means comprising a plurality of pins or pegs 6 welded at the outer 6a and inner 6b ends at the sheets in the weld spots respectively external and internal with respect to the combustion chamber, and widely distributed on the surface, as shown in Fig. 8.
- the pins behave as tie rods opposing the pressure of the fluid that flows inside the wall 1.
- the wall 1 has conical holes on the flat sheet 2a outside the combustion chamber, having a larger diameter outwards and tapering toward the inside of the wall.
- the pins or pegs 6 can have an end with a head with a larger diameter that tapers conically towards a shank. The pin or peg is therefore inserted from the sheet facing outwards causing the cylindrical end of the shank to be inserted in the hole produced in the inner sheet 2b.
- connection member 8b in Fig. 12 (which in the example is again in the form of a peg) can also extend beyond the inner sheet 2b and, according to the embodiment of Fig. 12, act as connection member for the refractory material 9b, as will be seen in more detail below.
- connection member 8b preferably also has a conical outer end so as to be inserted in the identically shaped holes of the outer sheet 2a.
- the flat wall according to the present invention comprises, in addition to the inner sheet 2b and to the outer sheet 2a, two manifolds, a feeding manifold called “downcomer” and indicated with the reference number 4b, and a collecting manifold called “riser” and indicated with the reference number 5b.
- Each section of flat wall ends with a further manifold substantially perpendicular to the feeding 4b and collecting 5b manifolds.
- said vertical manifolds are indicated with the reference numbers 7a, for the first vertical manifolds through which there flows the fluid in liquid state, generally water, which is conveyed to the feeding manifolds 4b, and with 7b for the second vertical manifolds that convey the fluid, generally liquid and steam or only steam, exiting from the collecting manifolds 5.
- each wall is autonomous from the viewpoint of circulation of the fluid, and the walls are then assembled together to form a combustion chamber, simply by welding together two adjacent vertical manifolds 7a, 7b, according to what is shown in Fig. 17.
- the flat wall according to the present invention forms a modular system as the vertical manifolds can be easily connected to each other to form a flat wall of the required dimensions.
- the manifolds 4b, 5b, 7a and 7b have both the function of "risers” and “downcomers", and of forming a framework of the flat wall which at this point is easily joined to other walls simply by connected two adjacent manifolds to each other with a simple sealing weld.
- Fig. 3 shows a sectional view of a membrane wall of the type known in the state of the art
- Fig. 4 shows the same sectional view with reference to the flat sheet wall according to the present invention.
- the temperature of the tubes is different from the temperature of the plate interposed between the tubes.
- the cooling fluid removes heat from the plate through the tube in the areas of the plate adjacent to this same tube, while in the areas farther from the tubes, for example in a point P equidistant from the two tubes, the temperature T 2 of the plate is higher with respect to the temperature Ti of the tube.
- the temperatures of the two points Pi and P 2 are the same regardless of their position, as they are equidistant from the cooling source, i.e. from the fluid that contacts the whole of the wall. This completely eliminates any differential stress, thereby creating an ideal situation of points having the same temperature in all points of the wall.
- the different application condition of the nickel- based anti-corrosion material can be noted, making the structure of the flat sheet wall according to the present invention much simpler and consequently much more economically advantageous, both in terms of the operations required and in terms of quantity of cladding material to be applied.
- the extension of the surface to be clad is around 40% less in the case of the flat wall according to the present invention with respect to the membrane wall of the type known in the state of the art.
- the difference between the surfaces to be clad is evident in Figs. 5 and 6.
- joining of the two flat sheets 2 that form the wall 1 through joining means formed by pins or pegs 6 welded at the two walls in the inner 6a and outer 6b weld spots with respect to the combustion chamber and widely distributed on the surface make the structure similar, from the viewpoint of distribution of stresses, to a framework in which the pins are subjected to tensional stress, and therefore act as tie rods.
- the flat wall 1 forming the subject of the present invention has numerous advantages also in terms of construction with respect to the currently known solution formed by the use of membrane walls. It is always necessary to produce openings in a wall of the boiler to allow direct access to the combustion chamber of the boiler (manhole), visual inspection (inspection windows, insertion of instruments (openings for thermometers or other measurement instruments) and/or insertion of auxiliary components (such as burners). This need to produce openings in the wall of the combustion chamber has always caused considerable complications, as, in the current state of the art in which the wall is made of membrane tubes, it is necessary to divert the tubes of the wall as shown in Fig. 9 to be able to create any opening.
- the flat wall 1 forming the subject of the present invention greatly simplifies the production of openings in the new wall as the continuous structure no longer makes it necessary to divert the tubes of the wall. Advantages are obtained both from the simpler construction and from the reduction in sheets and refractory necessary to restore the gas seal.
- FIGs. 1 1 and 12 schematically show the application differences in the two solutions.
- the preformed bricks of refractory material are much more simple to make and install as they are flat and not shaped to follow the contour of the tubes;
- the anchors to the wall 8b are, in the new design, cooled by the fluid that flows inside the wall, contrary to the case of the anchors, indicated with the reference number 8a, in membrane walls of the type known in the state of the art, eliminating the risk of overtemperatures and/or corrosion and improving the reliability of the cladding.
- FIGs. 13 and 14 show, once again schematically, the difference in complexity of the maintenance operations in the case of fluid leakage from the wall.
- Figs. 15 and 16 schematically show the structure of the feeding manifold (also called “downcomer") and collecting manifold ("riser”); in the case of membrane wall of the type known in the state of the art the manifold is indicated with the reference number 4a, Fig. 15, and in the case of the flat wall according to the present invention the feeding manifold is indicated with the reference number 4b, Fig. 16.
- the feeding manifold 4b is welded to the flat wall 2 by means of flat welds indicated with the reference number 41 , and both the feeding manifold 4b and the collecting manifold 5b are provided at the portion of manifold that borders on the flat wall respectively with a plurality of feeding 40 and/or collecting holes.
- Both solutions require a system that feeds water to the wall and collects the water/steam mixture that forms during operation. This takes place in the collecting manifolds, or "risers", not indicated in Figs. 15 and 16 but visible, for example, in Figs. 1 and 2 and indicated respectively with 5a and 5b.
- each tube of the wall is connected to a manifold by means of a circumferential weld.
- the two sheets 2 forming the wall 1 are welded longitudinally along the manifold.
- the welds are linear, much more simple to perform and test.
- the holes 40 that connect the manifold to the walls are, in the case of the flat wall forming the subject of the present invention, greater in number with respect to those currently used with the membrane walls, but nonetheless do not require any special preparation.
- cooled wall according to the present invention may be subject to various modifications and variants, all of which fall within the scope of the invention; furthermore, all the details may be replaced with other technically equivalent elements.
- the materials used and the contingent dimensions and forms can be any, according to requirements and to the state of the art.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT000008A ITMI20130008A1 (en) | 2013-01-07 | 2013-01-07 | COMBUSTION CHAMBER COOLED WALL AND COMBUSTION CHAMBER INCLUDING THE WALL |
PCT/IB2013/061439 WO2014106809A2 (en) | 2013-01-07 | 2013-12-31 | Cooled wall of combustion chamber and combustion chamber comprising said wall |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2941593A2 true EP2941593A2 (en) | 2015-11-11 |
EP2941593B1 EP2941593B1 (en) | 2016-11-23 |
Family
ID=47720686
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13830068.6A Not-in-force EP2941593B1 (en) | 2013-01-07 | 2013-12-31 | Cooled wall of combustion chamber and combustion chamber comprising said wall |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2941593B1 (en) |
IT (1) | ITMI20130008A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014106809A2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3237612A (en) * | 1963-10-01 | 1966-03-01 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Forced flow vapor generating unit |
US3834358A (en) * | 1965-07-09 | 1974-09-10 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Vapor generator |
DE1526933A1 (en) * | 1966-02-19 | 1970-01-08 | Ver Kesselwerke Ag | Steam boiler with furnace and flue gas draft walls made of double sheet metal shells |
-
2013
- 2013-01-07 IT IT000008A patent/ITMI20130008A1/en unknown
- 2013-12-31 EP EP13830068.6A patent/EP2941593B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2013-12-31 WO PCT/IB2013/061439 patent/WO2014106809A2/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2014106809A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2014106809A3 (en) | 2015-01-08 |
WO2014106809A2 (en) | 2014-07-10 |
EP2941593B1 (en) | 2016-11-23 |
ITMI20130008A1 (en) | 2014-07-08 |
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