EP2936248B1 - Vitrage comprenant un systeme a diffusion lumineuse variable utilise comme ecran - Google Patents

Vitrage comprenant un systeme a diffusion lumineuse variable utilise comme ecran Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2936248B1
EP2936248B1 EP13827022.8A EP13827022A EP2936248B1 EP 2936248 B1 EP2936248 B1 EP 2936248B1 EP 13827022 A EP13827022 A EP 13827022A EP 2936248 B1 EP2936248 B1 EP 2936248B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
glazing
substrate
discrete
elements
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP13827022.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2936248A1 (fr
Inventor
Patrick Gayout
Emmanuel Mimoun
Jean-Luc Allano
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
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Publication of EP2936248A1 publication Critical patent/EP2936248A1/fr
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/54—Accessories
    • G03B21/56—Projection screens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet with at least one intermediate air space
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
    • B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
    • B32B17/10504—Liquid crystal layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10743—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing acrylate (co)polymers or salts thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/54—Accessories
    • G03B21/56—Projection screens
    • G03B21/60—Projection screens characterised by the nature of the surface
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/54—Accessories
    • G03B21/56—Projection screens
    • G03B21/60—Projection screens characterised by the nature of the surface
    • G03B21/62—Translucent screens

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of glazing for image projection, blackout glazing and switchable glazing between a diffusing state and a transparent state.
  • the invention more particularly relates to a glazing unit comprising a variable light diffusion system and a projection or backprojection method in which said glazing is used as a screen.
  • Known glazings comprise standard transparent glazings which give rise to specular transmission and reflection of incident radiation on the glazing and translucent glazings which give rise to transmission and diffuse reflection of incident radiation on the glazing.
  • a projection screen has two faces or surfaces.
  • a main face on which is projected an image from a light source.
  • the main face, the user or viewer and the light source are positioned in the same region of the space.
  • a rear projection screen differs from a projection screen in that the user and the light source are not located in the same region of the space but are on either side of the screen.
  • Rear projection involves necessarily placing the projector behind the glazing and therefore to have a room at this location.
  • This configuration can be constraining by the place it requires for its implementation for some applications. For example, this configuration is advantageous in case of projection on shop windows and disadvantageous in case of projection in a meeting room.
  • translucent standard glazings as a projection screen or a rear projection screen also has disadvantages.
  • translucent glazings comprising a diffusing layer obtained by depositing an enamel layer are known. Such glazings do not preserve the transparency of the glazing, ie a clear vision through the glazing.
  • variable light scattering system comprising active elements placed between two support carriers electrode.
  • the active elements when the film is powered (state On or transparent), are oriented along a preferred axis, which allows a radiation to be transmitted and thus allows vision through the variable light scattering system.
  • Off Off or Diffuse State
  • said system becomes diffusive and prevents vision.
  • Such glazings are mainly currently used as a screen for the back-projection of images in the diffusing state because their properties do not allow them a suitable use as a projection screen.
  • the direct image projection on a switchable glazing for example liquid crystal
  • the use of such glazings as a projection screen generally requires ideal lighting conditions, that is to say, a near-total darkness.
  • the invention therefore aims at overcoming the drawbacks of the glazings known from the prior art by providing a glazing that can be used as a projection screen or a back projection screen, said glazing notably enabling the direct projection of good quality images, visible with a wide angle of view. view, regardless of the lighting conditions, while maintaining the possibility of the glazing to switch between a transparent state and a translucent state.
  • a glazing unit associating a variable light diffusion system and a substrate comprising a set of scattering discrete elements forming a pattern makes it possible to retain the switchable function of the glazing while making it possible to use this glazing as a screen. projection or overhead projection.
  • the elements have diffusion properties different from those of other surrounding surface portions of the substrate.
  • Diffuse discrete elements may have various shapes, symmetrical or asymmetrical, in particular a shape chosen from points, disks, squares, bands or rectangles.
  • the distribution of scattering discrete elements on the substrate may be periodic or aperiodic.
  • a periodic distribution means that the discrete elements are placed on the substrate in an orderly fashion while an aperiodic distribution means that the discrete elements are placed on the substrate in a random manner.
  • Patterns may include dot, disk or tape networks.
  • An aperiodic distribution of the elements makes it possible to avoid moiré effects in certain applications.
  • the scattering discrete elements have, in order of increasing preference, a maximum lateral dimension of between 1 ⁇ m and 5 mm, between 10 ⁇ m and 1 mm, between 100 ⁇ m and 800 ⁇ m, between 300 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m.
  • a lateral dimension corresponds to a rope of the edge of a separate element.
  • the maximum lateral dimension therefore corresponds to the largest rope of the edge of a separate element.
  • the maximum lateral dimension corresponds to the diameter of the disk.
  • the term "pattern” means a shape defined on a part of the surface of the substrate comprising a set of discrete scattering elements corresponding to a zone Z resulting from the juxtaposition of a set of scattering discrete elements and portions of the substrate separating said discrete elements.
  • Zone Z is the smallest area that encompasses all the discrete elements of a set.
  • a pattern covering a zone Z thus comprises two parts. Part of the surface of the pattern comprises the discrete elements and thus has particular diffusing properties. The other part of the pattern surface does not include said discrete elements and has the reflection and transmission properties of the preferably transparent substrate chosen.
  • the grounds can be any shape and be more or less big.
  • the patterns may cover all or part of the surface of a substrate. When the pattern corresponds to a portion of the surface of the substrate, this portion may represent a few cm 2 to several m 2 .
  • the pattern provides a feeling of transparency although it is visible when the variable light scatter system is in the transparent state.
  • This feeling of transparency is obtained by optimizing the shape and dimensions of the pattern or diffusing discrete elements, but especially by optimizing the substrate surface proportions covered by said diffusing elements with respect to the surface of the pattern. These proportions must be sufficient to confer diffusion properties but sufficiently low or low density to ensure a sense of transparency and thus allow vision through the glazing.
  • the glazing of the invention When the glazing is in the transparent state, that is to say when the variable light diffusion system is in the transparent state, the glazing of the invention remains transparent because a clear vision through is possible.
  • the glazing When the glazing is in the diffusing state, that is to say when the variable light scattering system is in the diffusing state, the glazing is blackout.
  • the combination of a variable light scattering system and a substrate comprising a set of scattering discrete elements forming a pattern makes it possible to advantageously retain the property of being able to switch between a transparent state and a translucent state.
  • an observer or spectator located at an angle of about -90 ° or + 90 ° is able to see distinctly a projected image or read a projected text on the glazing of the invention.
  • the presence of the substrate comprising a pattern formed of scattering discrete elements favors the diffuse reflection even when the variable light diffusion system is in the transparent state, thus allowing the direct projection of an image on any one of the sides. glazing.
  • the image rear projection remains possible whether the glazing is in the translucent state or in the transparent state. Indeed, in the transparent state, the rear projection is possible thanks to the presence of the substrate comprising a set of diffuse discrete elements forming a pattern. In the translucent state, the rear projection is also possible thanks to the presence of this substrate combined with the presence of the variable light scattering system.
  • the properties of the glazing in particular the very wide angle of view when it is used as a projection screen or a rear projection screen, make it possible not to impose particular constraints on the position of the projector.
  • the projector can be placed so that specular reflection and / or non-diffuse transmission of the projector lamp is not visible to observers, without degrading the quality of the projection. This circumvents the phenomenon of the hot spot.
  • the solution of the invention constitutes an improvement of the existing glazings for use as a projection screen from a technical point of view but also economical because of the low additional cost generated by the presence of the substrate comprising a set of diffusing discrete elements. forming a pattern.
  • the glazing of the invention retains its property of switching between a transparent state and a translucent state while allowing the projection and rear projection of good quality image, in dim light or in lit environments, with good viewing angles, that the variable light scattering system is in the diffusing state or in the transparent state. These properties are obtained without impairing the transparency of the glazing when the variable light scattering system is in the transparent state.
  • the glazing of the invention therefore has many features.
  • the fixing of the substrate comprising a set of discrete diffusing elements can be achieved for example, by lamination or double-glazed assembly.
  • the invention also relates to a projection or backprojection method according to which there is provided a glazing unit comprising two external main surfaces used as a projection screen or a back projection screen and a projector, said method consisting of projecting through the projector visible images. by spectators on one side of the glazing.
  • the patterns can be obtained by applying a diffusing plastic film cut in a desired pattern and deposited on the substrate.
  • the adhesion of said film to the substrate can be carried out by any known technique and in particular by gluing or laminating.
  • the patterns can be obtained by texturing a portion of the surface of the substrate.
  • a mask is applied to one of the surfaces of the substrate followed by a chemical or mechanical etching step of said surface through said mask.
  • the units are preferably obtained by depositing a discontinuous diffusing layer on one of the surfaces of the substrate.
  • the use of masking process or screen printing makes it possible to obtain multiple decorative patterns of complex and varied shapes.
  • the discontinuous diffusing layer is preferably obtained by screen printing.
  • the diffusing layer may comprise diffusing elements, preferably mineral particles, dispersed in a matrix.
  • the matrix comprises inorganic or organic compounds.
  • the inorganic compounds may be chosen in particular from potassium silicates, sodium silicates, lithium silicates, aluminum phosphates and glass frits.
  • the organic compounds may be chosen from polyvinyl alcohol type polymers, thermosetting resins and acrylics.
  • zircon crystals corresponding to silicates of zirconium (ZrSiO 4 ) or baddeleyite corresponding to zirconium oxides.
  • the oxides are preferred, and more particularly aluminum oxide, advantageously ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 (corundum).
  • the mineral particles are chosen from compounds having an optical index of between 1.55 and 2.9.
  • the mineral particles have an average diameter of between 0.3 and 2 ⁇ m.
  • the mineral particles are dispersed in the matrix in the form of aggregates of several mineral particles whose size is between 0.5 and 20 microns, preferably less than 5 microns.
  • a matrix comprising organic or inorganic compounds depends on the requirements of the applications. For example, a matrix comprising inorganic compounds makes it possible to obtain a layer that is resistant to high temperatures while a matrix comprising organic compounds makes it possible to simplify the production of said layer by means of cold crosslinking.
  • the matrix has a refractive index different from that of the diffusing elements.
  • the difference between the two refractive indexes of the matrix and of the diffusing elements is preferably at least 0.05, better still at least 0.10 or at least 0.20 and even more preferably at least 0. 50.
  • the choice of the mineral particles will depend on the chemical nature of the matrix and the process for obtaining the diffusing layer and more particularly on the setting temperature, curing, crosslinking or baking of the matrix. Indeed, the mineral particles are chosen so as not to deteriorate at the processing temperatures to remain in the form of particles or aggregates of particles.
  • the diffusion properties of the scattering layer may be modulated in a wide range by varying different parameters such as the variation in refractive index between the matrix and the diffusing elements, the size and the density of the scattering elements in the scattering layer.
  • the discontinuous diffusing layer may therefore comprise an enamel layer comprising mineral particles dispersed in a matrix.
  • An enamel layer is obtained when the matrix is made from vitrifiable materials treated at elevated temperature such as glass frits.
  • An enamel is a suspension containing finely ground vitrifiable materials (sometimes called vitreous fluxes) and agents intended to confer certain optical properties such as color, opacity, reflection or diffusion (matt or glossy appearance).
  • the enamel is intended to be layered on a substrate, by processes such as “curtain” or screen printing, and then to be “Cooked” to form, after evaporation of the solvent and melting vitrifiable materials, a thin glassy layer.
  • the vitrifiable materials used in the composition of enamel before cooking may be natural or artificial raw materials such as quartz sand, feldspars, nepheline, limestone, glass frits.
  • the glass frits used in the composition of enamels are very finely ground so as to melt and coat the substrate.
  • the discontinuous diffused layer is preferably obtained by screen printing an enamel or enamel layer based on a glass frit on a substrate.
  • An enamel layer is obtained from an enamel paste comprising a glass frit, a suitable binder medium and optionally mineral particles or pigments.
  • vitrifiable material composition in the form of a powder based on oxides.
  • the oxides can be chosen from oxides of silicon, aluminum, boron, zinc, bismuth, strontium, lanthanum, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, lithium, magnesium or zirconium.
  • the glass frit may further include other compounds such as fluorine.
  • the glass frit preferably used according to the invention contains zinc and boron in the form of zinc oxide, boron oxide, zinc borosilicate, zinc borate and mixtures thereof.
  • the binder medium comprises organic compounds, solvents and additives to provide an easily applicable paste in the form of a layer.
  • the organic compounds of the binder medium are generally removed during the baking step.
  • the various constituents are assembled during a pasting process.
  • the glass frit (s) is mixed, that is to say the compounds which form the matrix, the mineral particles and the organic binder medium.
  • the glass frit is previously finely ground (D50 - 2 to 5 microns) especially to facilitate its passage through the mesh of a screen screen.
  • the glass frit and diffusing elements are dispersed at high shear in the binder medium using a disk disperser. The dispersion can be improved by the use of a three-roll mill.
  • the organic compounds of the binder medium are preferably chosen for their low vapor pressure in order not to dry in screen printing screens.
  • the organic compounds are glycols, esters and alcohols with a high boiling point of about 200 ° C.
  • the liquid solid ratios are chosen to obtain a high viscosity paste.
  • Additives may be added to obtain a paste whose shear thinning properties are satisfactory to allow the transfer of the paste from the screen to the substrate. These additives may be cellulose ethers or submicron inorganic oxide type compounds.
  • Screen printing is a well-known printing technique that uses a screen printing screen consisting of a fabric on which the patterns to be printed on the substrate are reproduced and a squeegee for applying a shearing force. sufficient to pass the paste through the mesh of the screen through the openings corresponding to the pattern to be printed and deposit said paste on the substrate.
  • the enamel paste may be deposited in a thickness of between 1 and 100 microns.
  • the paste composition is applied to the substrate and then undergoes heat treatment at a temperature and for a time sufficient to allow melting of the frit and its bonding with diffusing elements.
  • the light transmission and diffusion properties of the printed patterns can be adjusted by changing the content or nature of the diffusing elements and / or the matrix.
  • the glazing preferably comprises an electrically controllable variable light scattering system.
  • the active elements are elements whose orientation is modified by application of an electric or magnetic field.
  • the active elements reversibly switch from a translucent state to a transparent state by application of an electric field, preferably an alternating field.
  • the term "ON state” is understood to mean the transparent state of the variable light scattering system when the glazing is under tension and by "OFF state” the diffusing or translucent state of the variable light scattering system when the glazing is no longer energized.
  • variable light scattering systems are preferably liquid crystal systems.
  • the variable light scattering system switching between a transparent state and a translucent state comprises a liquid crystal layer located between two electrodes.
  • the liquid crystal-based layer comprises a liquid crystal mixture forming micro-droplets, without preferential orientations to one another, dispersed in a polymer matrix.
  • the variable light scattering system is itself located between two substrates possibly carrying said electrodes.
  • Liquid crystals when the variable light scatter system is energized (ON state), are oriented along a preferred axis, which allows vision through the layer incorporating liquid crystal droplets.
  • OFF state in the absence of alignment in the liquid crystal droplets, the variable light scattering system becomes diffusive and prevents vision.
  • variable light scattering system includes the liquid crystal layer and the two electrodes located on each side of the liquid crystal layer and the term “glazing” includes at least the carrier substrates said electrodes and the variable light scattering system.
  • the switchable glazings between a transparent state and a currently available diffusing state comprise a functional film consisting of two electrode-carrying supports in the form of plastic sheets flanking a layer incorporating liquid crystal droplets, the whole laminated through interlayers or glued between two glass substrates.
  • switchable glazings comprising liquid crystals not using functional film technology.
  • These switchable glazings comprise a layer incorporating droplets of liquid crystals directly encapsulated between two substrates preferably glass and not between two support carriers of electrode in the form of plastic sheets.
  • the set of substrates and the layer incorporating liquid crystal droplets is sealed via a sealing gasket or peripheral adhesive bead.
  • Patent applications WO 2012/028823 and WO 2012/045973 describe such glazings. The use of this technique makes it possible to manufacture less expensive glazings by saving on the materials used.
  • the glazing includes a variable light scattering system comprising a liquid crystal layer capable of switching between a transparent state and a preferably electrically controllable diffusing state.
  • the layer based on liquid crystals has, in order of increasing preference, a thickness of 3 to 50 microns, 5 to 25 microns, 10 to 20 microns or 12 to 17 microns.
  • the microdroplets of liquid crystals have, in order of increasing preference, an average diameter of between 0.25 ⁇ m and 5.00 ⁇ m, between 0.25 ⁇ m and 3.00 ⁇ m, between 1.00 and 2.50 ⁇ m, between 0.50 and 2.00 ⁇ m or between 0.70 and 1.00 ⁇ m (inclusive).
  • the liquid crystal layer may comprise a polymer matrix in which liquid crystals are dispersed as active elements.
  • Liquid crystals known under the terms of NCAP ("Nematic Curvilinear Aligned Phase"), PDLC ("Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal”), CLC ("Cholesteric Liquid Crystal”), NPD-LCD (“Non-Homogeneous Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal”) Display ”) can be used.
  • the liquid crystals are preferably nematic with positive dielectric anisotropy. Examples of liquid crystals and of liquid crystal mixtures that are suitable according to the invention are described in particular in the patents EP 0 564 869 and EP 0 598 086 .
  • liquid crystal mixture that is particularly suitable according to the invention, it is possible to use the product marketed by Merck under the reference MDA-00-3506 comprising a mixture of 4 - ((4-ethyl-2,6- difluorophenyl) ethinyl) -4'-propylbiphenyl and 2-fluoro-4,4'-bis (trans-4-propylcyclohexyl) biphenyl.
  • the polymer matrix may comprise a polymer or copolymer chosen from polyethers, polyurethanes, polyvinyl alcohols (PVAs), polyesters, polyacrylates and polymethacrylates.
  • PVAs polyvinyl alcohols
  • polyesters polyacrylates and polymethacrylates.
  • the liquid crystal layer is a PDLC "Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal” layer comprising a plurality of liquid crystal droplets dispersed in a polymer matrix.
  • the processes for preparing the PDLC layers comprise a phase separation step for forming the liquid crystal droplets dispersed in the polymer matrix.
  • a liquid crystal layer can be obtained by preparing a precursor composition comprising a liquid crystal mixture and a photopolymerizable composition. This precursor composition is applied in the form of a "layer" in contact with two electrode-carrying substrates. During the polymerization or crosslinking by irradiation with UV light of said precursor composition, a polymer matrix is formed in which the liquid crystals are incorporated in the form of microdroplets. The diffusing layer is thus obtained by a phase separation step induced by radical photopolymerization.
  • the polymer matrix is obtained from a photopolymerizable composition and comprises compounds capable of polymerizing or cross-linking by radical means under the action of radiation preferably UV.
  • This photopolymerizable composition comprises monomers, oligomers and / or prepolymers and a polymerization initiator.
  • the polymer matrix is obtained from a photopolymerizable composition comprising vinyl compounds.
  • the photopolymerizable composition according to the invention preferably comprises, as vinyl compounds, acrylate and / or methacrylate compounds (hereinafter (meth) acrylates).
  • the (meth) acrylate compounds used according to the invention may be chosen from monofunctional and polyfunctional (meth) acrylates such as mono-, di-, tri-, polyfunctional (meth) acrylates.
  • Vinyl compounds which are suitable according to the present invention are for example described in the patent EP 0272 585 in particular acrylate oligomers.
  • the photopolymerizable composition comprises, by weight relative to the total mass of the photopolymerizable composition, in order of increasing preference, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90% at least 95% of vinyl compounds.
  • the polymer matrix once crosslinked will therefore comprise at least 50% of polymer obtained by polymerization of vinyl compounds.
  • the polymer matrix comprises, in order of increasing preference, in mass relative to the total mass of the polymer matrix, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 92% at least 95% of polymers obtained by polymerization of the vinyl compounds.
  • the photopolymerizable composition comprising vinyl compounds comprises, by weight with respect to the total weight of the photopolymerizable composition, in order of increasing preference, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, less than 80%, at least 90%, at least 95% of acrylate compounds and / or methacrylate compounds.
  • the photopolymerizable composition may further comprise 0.01 to 5% of a photoinitiator by mass relative to the total weight of the photopolymerizable composition.
  • Suitable photoinitiators according to the invention include 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethanone.
  • the polymerizable composition may comprise other polymerizable comonomers such as mercaptans.
  • compositions based on acrylates and mercaptans are described in the patents US 4,891,152 , EP 0564869 and EP 0 598 086 .
  • a PDLC layer having the combination of these characteristics has excellent hiding power.
  • the average size of the droplets and the relative proportions by mass of the liquid crystal mixture with respect to the photopolymerizable composition may be indirectly correlated with the density of the droplets in the PDLC layer (assuming that very few liquid crystals are dissolved in the polymer matrix ).
  • the diffusing layer may further comprise spacers.
  • the spacers may be glass such as glass beads or hard plastics for example polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or divinylbenzene polymer. These spacers are preferably transparent and preferably have an optical index substantially equal to the refractive index of the polymer matrix.
  • the spacers are of non-conductive material.
  • a method of encapsulation between two glasses with electrodes of a diffusing layer comprising liquid crystals in a polymeric material is described in the application WO 2012/045973 .
  • variable light scattering system comprising the active element-based layer, preferably of liquid crystal, may extend over the entire surface of the glazing, or on at least a portion of the glazing.
  • the liquid crystal system extends over the entire surface of the glazing.
  • this portion of the surface corresponds and is preferably aligned with the zone Z comprising a set of discrete diffusing elements forming a pattern (M).
  • M discrete diffusing elements
  • the layer of active elements preferably based on liquid crystals is located between two electrodes, the electrodes being in direct contact with the layer of active elements preferably based on liquid crystals.
  • the electrodes comprise at least one electroconductive layer.
  • the electroconductive layer may comprise transparent conductive oxides (TCO), that is, materials that are both good conductors and transparent in the visible, such as tin-doped indium oxide (ITO). ), tin oxide doped with antimony or fluorine (SnO 2 : F) or zinc oxide doped with aluminum (ZnO: Al).
  • TCO transparent conductive oxides
  • ITO tin-doped indium oxide
  • SnO 2 : F tin oxide doped with antimony or fluorine
  • ZnO aluminum
  • An electroconductive layer based on ITO has a surface resistance of 50 to 200 ohms per square.
  • electroconductive layers based on conductive oxides are preferably deposited on thicknesses of the order of 50 to 100 nm.
  • the electroconductive layer may also be a metal layer, preferably a thin layer or a thin film stack, called TCC (for "transparent conductive coating” in English) for example in Ag, Al, Pd, Cu, Pd, Pt In, Mo, Au and typically of thickness between 2 and 50 nm.
  • TCC transparent conductive coating
  • electroconductive layers can be deposited directly on a substrate or on an intermediate layer of a substrate, by a large number of known techniques such as field-assisted sputtering. magnetic, evaporation, sol-gel technique, as well as vapor deposition (CVD) techniques.
  • field-assisted sputtering magnetic, evaporation, sol-gel technique, as well as vapor deposition (CVD) techniques.
  • CVD vapor deposition
  • the electrodes comprising an electroconductive layer are connected to a power supply.
  • the electrodes can then be deposited directly on one side of a substrate and thus form the electrode-carrying substrates.
  • the glazing comprises the substrate comprising a set of discrete diffusing elements and at least two substrates carrying electrodes.
  • the glazing may further comprise other substrates optionally laminated with the electrode-carrying substrates or the substrate comprising a set of discrete diffusing elements.
  • the substrate or carriers, electrodes or other carriers may be selected rigid, semi-rigid or flexible, inorganic or organic, for example be glass or polymer.
  • the term “external face” refers to the face of an outward facing substrate and “internal face” to the face of a substrate facing towards the inside of the glazing.
  • the glass substrates may be chosen from flat float glass sheets or polished glass sheets, for example sold by Saint-Gobain Glass in the DIAMANT® or Planilux® range.
  • the glass substrates preferably have a thickness of between 0.4 and 12 mm, preferably 0.7 and 6 mm.
  • the polymer substrates may comprise polymers selected from polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN); polyacrylates such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA); polycarbonates; polyurethanes; polyamides; polyimides; fluorinated polymers and polythiourethanes.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • PMMA polyacrylates
  • polyurethanes polyamides
  • polyimides fluorinated polymers and polythiourethanes.
  • the polymer substrates may also be flexible substrates such as inserts or sheets of thermoformable or pressure-sensitive plastics material. These spacers may be based on polymers chosen from polyvinyl butyrrolidines (PVB), polyvinyl chlorides (PVC), polyurethanes (PU), polyethylene terephthalate or ethylenes vinyl acetate (EVA).
  • PVB polyvinyl butyrrolidines
  • PVC polyvinyl chlorides
  • PU polyurethanes
  • EVA ethylenes vinyl acetate
  • the interlayer preferably have a thickness between 10 microns and 2 mm, preferably between 0.3 and 1 mm.
  • the substrates made of polymer or glass can be laminated together by using interlayer type substrates made of thermoformable or pressure sensitive plastic material.
  • the substrates on either side of the variable light scattering system generally corresponding to the electrode-carrying substrates are preferably glass substrates, for example flat float glass sheets.
  • the diffusing substrates are preferably transparent glass substrates comprising a set of discrete diffusing elements forming a pattern.
  • an electrode-carrying substrate may also be a substrate comprising a set of scattering discrete elements forming a pattern M.
  • the electrode and the pattern may each be placed on a different face of the substrate.
  • the electrode and the pattern can be placed on the same face of a substrate.
  • the discrete diffusing elements forming the pattern M are colored, preferably of white color.
  • the glazing may then comprise an absorbent substrate comprising a set of discrete absorbent elements forming an identical pattern M 'and superimposed on the pattern (M). Therefore, the discrete scattering elements forming the pattern M and the discrete absorbent elements forming a pattern M 'are superimposed.
  • the superposition of the patterns M and M ' can be obtained by using a single absorbent and diffusing substrate comprising on the pattern M and the pattern M' superimposed, preferably on the same face.
  • the white dots on one side of the glazing are visible which allows the direct projection.
  • black dots are perceived by the eye less visibly than white dots. Blackheads are therefore less troublesome than white dots because they confer a stronger feeling of transparency.
  • the invention also relates to a projection system comprising a glazing used as a projection screen as defined in the present application and a projector provided for illuminating the glazing projection.
  • the invention also relates to the use of glazing as defined above as a projection screen operating in reflection or retroprojection operating in transmission and a method of projection or backprojection according to which there is a glazing as defined above used as a projection screen or backprojection and a projector, said method of projecting through the projector of images visible by spectators on one side of the glazing.
  • the glazing is preferably used as a projection screen operating in reflection, that is to say that the spectators and the projector are located on the same side of the glazing used as a projection screen.
  • the glazing can, however, be used as a rear projection screen operating in transmission, that is to say that the spectators and the projector are located on each side of the glazing.
  • the use of the glazing thus defined as a projection screen operating in reflection makes it possible to improve the contrast and / or the brightness and / or the viewing angle.
  • variable light scattering system and the substrate having a set of discrete diffusing elements can be assembled by any known means such as mechanical or chemical means.
  • they can be assembled by lamination by the use of lamination interleaves or double glazing.
  • the Figures 1.a and 1.b represent a substrate 1 comprising a set of discrete diffusing elements 2 forming a pattern which covers an area corresponding to the entire surface of a substrate 1.
  • the discrete elements 2 are disks.
  • the figure 1.c represents a substrate 1 comprising a set of discrete diffusing elements 2 forming a pattern having the shape of a star which covers an area corresponding to a portion of the surface of a substrate 1.
  • the patterns correspond to disk arrays.
  • the figure 2 represents a projector P and a glazing unit 100.
  • the glazing unit according to the invention is placed vertically with a first or rear face oriented towards the left defining an outer main surface S1 and a second face or front face, opposite to the first face, oriented to the right defining an outer main surface S2.
  • the surface S2 delimits the main face of the screen, as well as the side on which is projected an image coming from a light source.
  • the surface S1 delimits the opposite face of the screen.
  • the glazing comprises an electrically controllable variable light scattering system 6 that can switch between a transparent state and a translucent state.
  • the lamination interlayer makes it possible to fix the substrate comprising a set of discrete diffusing elements to one of the electrode-carrying substrates.
  • the active element layer of the liquid crystal variable light scattering system is translucent, i.e. it transmits optically but is not transparent.
  • the layer of active elements passes under the action of the alternating electric field in the transparent state, that is to say that allowing the vision through the layer of active elements.
  • the glazing according to the invention can be used in facade or as internal partition (between two rooms or in a space) in a building. More particularly, the glazing of the invention is particularly useful as an internal meeting room partition for projecting presentations. It is possible to switch between the transparent state and the diffuse state.
  • the glazing according to the invention can be used for all known glazing applications, such as for vehicles, buildings, street furniture, interior furnishings, lighting, display screens, etc.
  • the transparent glazing of the invention can therefore be used in facade, window, internal partition usable projection screen for meeting rooms or showcases.
  • the glazing can also be used for museography or point-of-sale advertising as an advertising medium.
  • the transparent substrates used are Planilux® glasses marketed by Saint-Gobain. These substrates have a thickness of 4 mm.
  • the substrates can be laminated using, for example, an interlayer made of PVB or EVA.
  • the substrate comprising a set of scattering discrete elements forming a pattern is a screen-printed glass substrate comprising a pattern whose scattering discrete elements are points (disks) of 400 ⁇ m in diameter distributed periodically on the substrate.
  • the pattern is constituted by a network of points.
  • the substrate surface covered by the discrete elements constituting the pattern represents 25% of the total area of the pattern.
  • the glass frit of Example 2 has enhanced moisture resistance and a high refractive index.
  • Ex 1 Ex. 2 SiO 2 12.1 3.8 Al 2 O 3 0.2 0.40 B 2 O 3 27.75 15.60 Na 2 O 16.7 2.50 K 2 O 0 0.80 ZnO 41.5 17.40 Bi 2 O 3 0 54.60 ZrO 2 0.1 4.40 F 1.6 0 Index n (590nm) 1.58 1.90
  • the thickness of the layer of enamel paste deposited by screen printing on the substrate is about 40 ⁇ m (wet).
  • the spacers are beads marketed under the name Sekisui Micropearl of 15 microns in average size.
  • the electrodes consist of an ITO layer of about 50 nm and a resistance of about 100 ohms per square.
  • an ITO layer is deposited by magnetron method on a Planilux® or Parsol® glass substrate to form an electrode-carrying substrate, a sealing gasket based on an acrylate adhesive is applied at the edge of the glass substrate, the precursor composition of the PDLC layer comprising the photopolymerizable composition, the mixture of liquid crystals and the spacers is deposited on an electrode carried by a substrate, a second substrate coated with an electrode is deposited on the first substrate with the two conductive layers of the electrodes facing each other and separated by the precursor composition layer of the PDLC layer, - the two glasses are pressed together, - the whole is insolated with UV rays.
  • the substrate comprising a set of discrete diffusing elements is laminated on the side of the face comprising the pattern to an electrode-carrying substrate by means of a plastic interlayer.
  • the gain in brightness is clearly observed in direct projection for the glazing of the invention without the pattern being visible on the projected image.
  • the panel has assigned for each image projected on a glazing assessment indicators according to the evaluated criteria: - brightness: "-" average, "0" correct, "+” good, - pattern visibility: "-" visible, "+” not visible.
  • the projection is of good quality in the presence of the screen-printed motif while it is unusable otherwise.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Overhead Projectors And Projection Screens (AREA)
  • Projection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Transforming Electric Information Into Light Information (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
EP13827022.8A 2012-12-21 2013-12-19 Vitrage comprenant un systeme a diffusion lumineuse variable utilise comme ecran Not-in-force EP2936248B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1262608A FR2999977B1 (fr) 2012-12-21 2012-12-21 Vitrage comprenant un systeme a diffusion lumineuse variable utilise comme ecran
PCT/FR2013/053187 WO2014096717A1 (fr) 2012-12-21 2013-12-19 Vitrage comprenant un systeme a diffusion lumineuse variable utilise comme ecran

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2936248A1 EP2936248A1 (fr) 2015-10-28
EP2936248B1 true EP2936248B1 (fr) 2018-09-12

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Country Status (6)

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EP (1) EP2936248B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP6235606B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR20150097718A (zh)
CN (1) CN104854506B (zh)
FR (1) FR2999977B1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2014096717A1 (zh)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3059938A1 (fr) * 2016-12-13 2018-06-15 Saint-Gobain Glass France Element en couches transparent comportant une zone ecran
FR3084354B1 (fr) * 2018-07-27 2020-07-17 Saint-Gobain Glass France Substrat emaille formant ecran de projection, et sa fabrication.
WO2020187994A1 (en) * 2019-03-19 2020-09-24 Central Glass Co., Ltd. Optical pattern for information acquisition system
WO2021139995A1 (en) 2020-01-06 2021-07-15 Saint-Gobain Glass France Glass vehicle side window and partition window with active projection transparent screen
FR3116756B1 (fr) * 2020-12-02 2023-05-19 Saint Gobain Vitrage feuilleté avec propriétés optiques contrôlables électriquement pour véhicule muni d’une inscription imprimée réfléchissante semi-transparente sur la face extérieure d’un véhicule
FR3118461B1 (fr) * 2020-12-24 2024-01-19 Saint Gobain Procede de fabrication d’un vitrage pour serre et un tel vitrage pour serre

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2999977B1 (fr) 2018-03-16
JP6235606B2 (ja) 2017-11-22
CN104854506B (zh) 2016-12-07
CN104854506A (zh) 2015-08-19
WO2014096717A1 (fr) 2014-06-26
EP2936248A1 (fr) 2015-10-28
FR2999977A1 (fr) 2014-06-27
KR20150097718A (ko) 2015-08-26
JP2016507769A (ja) 2016-03-10

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