EP2918729B1 - Fundament - Google Patents
Fundament Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2918729B1 EP2918729B1 EP12886028.5A EP12886028A EP2918729B1 EP 2918729 B1 EP2918729 B1 EP 2918729B1 EP 12886028 A EP12886028 A EP 12886028A EP 2918729 B1 EP2918729 B1 EP 2918729B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- foundation
- caisson
- foundation base
- base
- floating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
Definitions
- the present invention refers to a foundation base made in concrete for use in offshore wind farms.
- Wind farms built at sea are certainly more expensive, logically depending on the depth of the water in which they are located, but the quality of the wind is better, more constant, its speed higher and turbulence lower and, consequently, the number of hours of production is higher and this, added to the higher air density at sea level, generates higher income than wind farms on land, compensating for the extra initial investment cost.
- GBSs gravity-based structures
- structural concrete footings often with pedestals, that use dry construction, i.e. on dry land. Once constructed, they are transported and anchored using barges and/or marine cranes at installation point for this substructure.
- the mode of construction of this type of gravity-based structure uses formwork and falsework in a dry port or dock, involving the use of a large amount of labour, as well as having large spaces available in the port, as well as cranes with heavy lifting capacity. Additionally, it is necessary to flood the dry dock to float the foundation and drain it again subsequently and, in addition, the method for installing this foundation on the underwater bed limits the depth at which the foundation can be laid, the power and size of the wind turbine that can be installed on this foundation and, therefore, the costs of the foundation system, shaft and wind turbine soar, making the installation of wind turbine farms non-viable on underwater beds where the width of the sheet of water tends to be medium or high.
- the construction method for the foundation base enables the construction of the aforementioned base to be automated, reducing the personnel and time required to execute the construction method.
- the present invention seeks to resolve one or more of the disadvantages stated previously by means of a foundation base constructed on a floating structure as claimed in the claims.
- One purpose of the embodiment is to provide a foundation base used as a gravity-based structure made in reinforced concrete, using a submersible structure equipped with sliding formwork for the purpose to confine the concrete and enable it to be given an essentially quasi-pyramidal caisson form, the cross-section of which decreases with increasing height of the foundation base which, in turn, includes internal cells or holes to increase the buoyancy of the foundation base.
- Another aspect of the embodiment is to provide a foundation base that includes a transition component on which to locate the shaft for a wind turbine tower, at least one connector for transmitting forces between the transition component and the foundation base, with this transition component embedded in the foundation base.
- a further aspect of the embodiment is to provide a hollow section, essentially frustoconical transition component made in steel.
- Yet another aspect of the embodiment is to provide a method for transporting the foundation base to the anchoring point by towing once the foundation base has been extracted from the floating structure by means of partial sinking of the latter.
- Still another aspect of the embodiment is to supply a shaft alignment piece for a tower and a set of bolts for load transmission.
- foundation bases for offshore wind turbines by means of a floating structure reduces the space needed in port for these and also reduces the need for cranes to move the foundation bases as they are carried on the floating structure.
- the floating structure is partially sunk to facilitate extraction of the foundation base by towing once construction of the foundation base is complete.
- the foundation base provides an assembly with the buoyancy and stability required to be transported by floating it on the surface of the water before sinking it.
- the foundation base provides stability to the wind turbine support tower in its installed position, thanks to its own weight and the weight of the ballast, and ensures appropriate transmission of loads to the underwater bed.
- the gravity-based foundation base on an underwater bed to support a wind turbine in the installed position comprises a foundation caisson having a geometry in the form of a quasi-pyramidal caisson, the section of which decreases as the height of the foundation base increases, and which includes internal buoyancy cells and a transition component of tapered frustoconical form on top of the foundation caisson.
- the foundation base is manufactured by means of a floating- or semi-floating structure of the floating dock, vessel with submersible platform, submersible pontoons guided from fixed structures, etc. type.
- the stepped foundation caisson includes a set of hollow, sealed cells that can be connected together and are configured to be ballasted with sand and/or water.
- Yet another aspect is to use a floating- or semi-floating-type structure for manufacturing reinforced concrete caissons to manufacture foundation caissons having a geometry in the form of a quasi-pyramidal caisson, the section of which decreases as the height of the foundation base increases, and which includes internal buoyancy cells.
- a gravity-based foundation base 11 for an offshore wind turbine that comprises a foundation caisson 12 itself having a geometry essentially in the form of a quasi-pyramidal caisson, including, in turn, internal cells or holes 31 to increase the buoyancy of the foundation base 11 and a transition component 13 essentially of frustoconical form tapered upwards in the installed position.
- the transition component 13 enables the connection to be made between the foundation base 11 and a wind turbine support tower shaft 41 which is also tapered in the upward direction in the installed position; at least one tower shaft 41 alignment flange 22 which makes it possible to prevent undesired inclinations once the foundation base 11 has been anchored to the underwater bed at the installation point; and at least one connecting bolt 21 for transmission of loads between the transition component 13 and the foundation base 11.
- the foundation caisson 12 is arranged in an essentially quasi-pyramidal form in an ascending direction in the installed position, the section of which decreases as the height of the foundation base 11 increases.
- the stepped foundation caisson 12 includes a set of hollow, sealed cells 31, with the cells 31 connected to each other and floodable.
- the geometry in plan and elevation view of the foundation caisson 12 can vary depending on conditions such as the type of underwater bed, the dynamic conditions of the water and the atmosphere, the power and size of the wind turbine, etc.
- the transition component 13 is inserted by one of its ends through the top part of the foundation caisson 12, with the opposite end of the transition component 13 remaining free.
- a set of connecting bolts 21 Arranged at the end of the transition component 13 in contact with the foundation base 11 is a set of connecting bolts 21 responsible for transmitting loads to the foundation base 11 and guaranteeing adherence between the transition component 13 itself and the foundation base 11.
- transition component 13 At the opposite, free, end of the transition component 13 is a wind turbine tower shaft 41 alignment piece or flange 22.
- this shows a structure 51 for manufacturing floating reinforced concrete caissons of the caisson vessel type where the foundation caisson 12 is manufactured compartmented into cells 31 capable of being ballasted or flooded and unballasted, being manufactured sheltered from the waves.
- the structure 51 can also be of the semi-floating structure, floating dock, vessel with submersible platform, submersible pontoons guided from fixed structures, etc. type.
- the caisson vessel 51 comprises a pontoon with four towers so as to always have the necessary buoyancy and to control the combination of caisson vessel/foundation base at all times.
- the foundation caisson 12 is constructed in reinforced concrete in the caisson vessel 51, without interfering with the traffic in the port where it is moored.
- the lateral towers are capable of being ballasted and unballasted to guarantee the naval stability of the combination of caisson vessel/foundation base.
- Metal structures are arranged on each of the towers, in a truss structure to support the superstructure and the sliding formwork by means of a set of winches.
- a support pontoon is the working platform enabling dry manufacture on its deck of the foundation caisson 12 and the first few metres of the transition component 13. This pontoon is then progressively sunk as the erection of the foundation base 11 progresses.
- the process of manufacturing the caisson 12 includes the placement of a reinforcement mesh for the base slab on the support pontoon, concreting the base slab, descending sliding of the formwork and the start of concreting of the foundation caisson shaft and concreting of the shaft until completion. Curing of the concrete is performed directly by submerging the caisson 12 in the water. This procedure does not impair the characteristics or durability of the concrete.
- Launching of the caisson 12 is achieved by immersing the support pontoon. On occasions, launching is a critical operation for the naval stability of the floating structure 51 and of the caisson 12. Once the caisson has been launched, the caisson 12 is towed to its installation position.
- the transition component 13 is placed, having previously arranged the tower shaft 41 alignment flange 22 and the connecting bolts 21.
- the foundation base/tower shaft assembly would be ballasted to achieve the appropriate freeboard for transfer by towing to its final installation position, where the underwater bed area 14 has previously been prepared for seating the foundation base 11, as shown in Figure 1 .
- the corresponding underwater bed area 14 that is the seating bed on which the foundation base 11 is located by simply allowing it to fall under gravity by means of controlled ballasting to the installation point, such that the preparation of the underwater bed and the seating bed for the foundation base 11 are performed in immediately consecutive operations, without allowing time for the prepared seating bed to undergo alterations due to movements of the water, ensuring perfect seating of the foundation base 11.
- the foundation base 11 determines a structural assembly with a weight and a base that enable seating by gravity on an underwater bed to support a wind turbine arranged on a tower placed on the foundation base.
- a means of anchoring is arranged on the foundation base 11, essentially in the form of piles, for example, to ensure seating under gravity of the foundation base 11.
- the construction procedure for the gravity-based foundation base 11 on a floating structure 51 comprises the following steps:
- the transition component, the connecting bolts and the wind turbine support tower alignment piece are assembled successively.
- auxiliary floating structures can be used to improve the buoyancy and stability of the assembly. These auxiliary floating structures are temporarily abutted against and connected to this assembly with appropriate means of anchoring.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
- Foundations (AREA)
Claims (4)
- Schwerkraftbasierter Fundamentsockel auf einem Unterwasserbett, um eine Windturbine in der Installationsstellung zu tragen; wobei der Fundamentsockel (11) einen Fundamentcaisson (12) umfasst, der eine Geometrie in der Form eines quasi-pyramidalen Caissons hat, dessen Querschnitt mit zunehmender Höhe des Fundamentsockels (11) abnimmt; wobei der schwerkraftbasierte Fundamentsockel dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass der Fundamentcaisson (12) innere Auftriebszellen (31), die hohl und abgedichtet und miteinander verbindbar sind, um gesteuert ballastierend zu sein; und eine Übergangskomponente (13) von verjüngter Kegelstumpfform oben auf dem Fundamentcaisson (12) enthält.
- Sockel nach Anspruch 1; dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Fundamentsockel (11) mittels einer schwimmenden oder halbschwimmenden Struktur (51) nach Art des Schwimmdocks, Schiffs mit Tauchplattform, der von festen Strukturen geführten Tauchpontons, etc., hergestellt ist.
- Sockel nach Anspruch 1; dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Übergangskomponente (13) dafür angepasst ist, den Fundamentsockel (11) und einen Windturbinentragturmschaft (41), der ebenfalls in der Aufwärtsrichtung in der installierten Stellung verjüngt ist, miteinander zu verbinden; wobei mindestens ein Turmschaft- (41) Ausrichtungsflansch (22) mit der Übergangskomponente (13) bei der vertikalen Ausrichtung des Fundamentsockels (11) und des Turmschafts (41) kooperiert.
- Verfahren zum Herstellen verstärkter Betoncaissons der schwimmenden oder halbschwimmenden Art, um einen schwerkraftbasierten Fundamentsockel (11) auf einem Unterwasserbett herzustellen, um eine Windturbine in der Installationsstellung zu tragen; wobei der Fundamentsockel (11) einen Fundamentcaisson (12) umfasst, der eine Geometrie in der Form eines quasi-pyramidalen Caissons hat, dessen Querschnitt mit zunehmender Höhe des Fundamentsockels (11) abnimmt; wobei das schwerkraftbasierte Fundament dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass der Fundamentcaisson (12) innere Auftriebszellen (31), die hohl und abgedichtet und miteinander verbindbar sind, um gesteuert ballastierend zu sein; und eine Übergangskomponente (13) von verjüngter Kegelstumpfform oben auf dem Fundamentcaisson (12) enthält.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/ES2012/070684 WO2014053672A1 (es) | 2012-10-03 | 2012-10-03 | Base de cimentación |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2918729A1 EP2918729A1 (de) | 2015-09-16 |
EP2918729A4 EP2918729A4 (de) | 2016-09-14 |
EP2918729B1 true EP2918729B1 (de) | 2017-09-13 |
Family
ID=50434386
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12886028.5A Active EP2918729B1 (de) | 2012-10-03 | 2012-10-03 | Fundament |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2918729B1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2650735T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2014053672A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20200014331A (ko) | 2017-05-27 | 2020-02-10 | 다니엘 윌리엄 플레이스 | 부가적으로 제조된 물체 제조 용기 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5613808A (en) * | 1995-03-15 | 1997-03-25 | Amoco Corporation | Stepped steel gravity platform for use in arctic and subarctic waters |
EP2163691B1 (de) * | 2005-10-21 | 2016-03-09 | Dredging International N.V. | Vorrichtung und Methode zum Installieren von Offshore-Anlagen |
ES2381510B1 (es) * | 2008-10-22 | 2013-05-16 | Manuel Torres Martinez | Metodo para el montaje de aerogeneradores en lechos acuaticos y vehiculo para llevar a cabo dicho metodo |
EP2189576A1 (de) * | 2008-11-19 | 2010-05-26 | Flota Proyectos Singulares, S.A. | Fundamentsystem für marine Strukturen in der Tiefsee |
ES2378960B1 (es) * | 2010-09-22 | 2013-02-25 | Inneo Torres S.L. | Procedimiento de instalación de torre para uso aguas adentro. |
-
2012
- 2012-10-03 WO PCT/ES2012/070684 patent/WO2014053672A1/es active Application Filing
- 2012-10-03 EP EP12886028.5A patent/EP2918729B1/de active Active
- 2012-10-03 ES ES12886028.5T patent/ES2650735T3/es active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2918729A1 (de) | 2015-09-16 |
WO2014053672A1 (es) | 2014-04-10 |
ES2650735T3 (es) | 2018-01-22 |
EP2918729A4 (de) | 2016-09-14 |
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