EP2909556B1 - Receptacle for an anchor of a fireproof inner layer for an industrial furnace - Google Patents

Receptacle for an anchor of a fireproof inner layer for an industrial furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2909556B1
EP2909556B1 EP13782672.3A EP13782672A EP2909556B1 EP 2909556 B1 EP2909556 B1 EP 2909556B1 EP 13782672 A EP13782672 A EP 13782672A EP 2909556 B1 EP2909556 B1 EP 2909556B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anchor
wall
opening
pocket
industrial furnace
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP13782672.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2909556A2 (en
Inventor
Markus Horn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Juenger and Grater GmbH
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Juenger and Grater GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Juenger and Grater GmbH filed Critical Juenger and Grater GmbH
Publication of EP2909556A2 publication Critical patent/EP2909556A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2909556B1 publication Critical patent/EP2909556B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/04—Supports for linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/02—Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/04—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs characterised by the form, e.g. shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/12—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs incorporating cooling arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/14—Supports for linings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a refractory inner layer for an industrial furnace wall, which consists of a plurality of wall elements, which are at least partially fixed in each case at least one holding element on the industrial furnace wall, wherein the holding element has a foot portion and an adjoining end portion and the holding element in the region of the foot portion is attached to the industrial furnace wall and end to the adjoining end portion has an anchor which is positively coupled to the wall element at least in a direction N normal to the industrial furnace wall, wherein the wall element has a back facing the industrial furnace wall, a front side opposite to the front, a at least partially disposed between the rear side and the front side and at least one recess for at least indirectly receiving the armature or for the positive reception of the armature, wherein the armature with the walls In a direction N normal to the back forms a positive connection.
  • Said positive connection takes place with respect to the direction N at least proportionally.
  • a form-fitting basis conditioning between these two components.
  • a form fit can also be proportionate, d. H. not only in a relative movement in the direction N, but also in another direction of the relative movement, for example obliquely thereto.
  • the invention also relates to an inner refractory layer as part of an industrial furnace wall.
  • the invention further relates to a holding element cover or an anchor pocket, formed from a refractory base body for insertion into a recess of a wall element of a refractory inner layer of an industrial furnace wall, wherein a first opening for inserting a retaining element and / or an anchor in one direction E is provided.
  • From the DE 196 11 532 C1 is also known as a refractory lining for industrial furnaces. It consists of locally applied stamped concrete, which is held by means of metal pins, which serve as anchors, to the industrial furnace wall. To avoid corrosion on the pins they are provided in the region of a first wall-side portion with a protective sleeve. The end section of the pin or the expansion anchor is incorporated unprotected in the stamped concrete.
  • the invention has for its object to form a refractory inner layer of an industrial furnace wall in such a way and to arrange that a simple structure and maximum service life are guaranteed.
  • a refractory anchor pocket is provided, which is inserted or inserted into the recess and forms a positive connection with the wall element in the direction N, wherein the holding element with the armature and optionally with at least a portion of the end portion within the anchor pocket is arranged or inserted there.
  • the anchor pocket Through the anchor pocket, the armature or part of the end portion is sealed off in a direction toward the front, up, down and to the side.
  • the positive connection is formed independently of the presence of an anchor pocket and can also be proportionate, d. H. not only in a relative movement in the direction N, but also in another direction of the relative movement, for example obliquely thereto.
  • the direct or indirect contact or the contact between the armature and the wall element does not matter for the definition of the positive connection.
  • the holding element covering is designed as an anchor pocket for receiving the armature and optionally an end section of the holding element, wherein the anchor pocket is a closed housing with a front wall, side walls, a roof wall and a bottom wall and has an opening oriented to the industrial furnace wall or passage opening through which the Holding element is feasible starting from the industrial furnace wall for the purpose of assembly. At least the armature and an end portion of the retaining element are within the anchor pocket arranged and foreclosed over the front wall, the side walls, the roof wall and the bottom wall.
  • the anchor pocket is used to seal off the part of the holding element in the wall element, ie the end section or the armature, from corrosive gases which prevail or prevail within the wall element. Particularly in the case of wall elements with channels for sealing air, a separate partitioning off of the anchor by the anchor pocket is advantageous.
  • the anchor pocket can also extend over two wall elements, d. H. Both wall elements have at least the end face on a recess in each of which the anchor pocket is received or can be used. The one anchor then serves to hold both wall elements at least in a direction normal to the industrial furnace wall.
  • the recess is for insertion of the anchor at least partially in the end face of the wall element and extends for the purpose of arrangement or guidance of the retaining element at least partially into the back.
  • the anchor bag can also be designed as a hood, so as a bag that is slipped onto the anchor from above.
  • the anchor pocket or its housing wall thus surrounds the armature and at least parts of the end section or even the foot section and is sandwiched between the armature and the wall element.
  • the anchor is thus suspended in the pocket or inserted or inserted, so that a positive coupling between the anchor and the anchor pocket on the one hand and the anchor pocket and the wall element on the other.
  • the wall element is thus held indirectly via the armature at least in a direction N normal to the industrial furnace wall.
  • the holding element panel is designed as an anchor pocket for receiving an anchor and optionally an end portion of the support member, wherein the anchor pocket is formed as a closed housing with a front wall, side walls, a roof wall and a bottom wall, the only one to the industrial furnace wall alignable opening or passage opening through which the holding element for the purpose of mounting starting from the industrial furnace wall is feasible or within which the holding element is placeable, so that at least the armature and optionally an end portion of the holding element within the anchor pocket storable and over the front wall, the side walls , the roof wall and the bottom wall are partitionable.
  • the armature or the end section can not be flowed directly via the sides of said walls of the anchor pocket with furnace gas and is not exposed directly to the furnace gas atmosphere.
  • the interior of the anchor pocket can be supplied or purged via the opening with purging air.
  • the extent closed training ensures protection against said gases or resulting corrosive salts that would attack the holding element or the anchor.
  • the anchor pocket or its housing wall delimits an armature chamber in which the armature is accommodated, and thus sealed off or protected.
  • the anchor pocket is designed as a closed housing which has a through-opening directed towards the industrial furnace wall, through which the holding element extends starting from the industrial furnace wall, so that at least the armature and a part of the end section are arranged inside the anchor pocket ,
  • the industrial furnace wall facing the attached to the industrial furnace wall foot section leads into the end portion and thus extends into the through hole to the anchor, which is located inside the anchor pocket.
  • the one retaining element only one through hole is provided. Moreover, it can be advantageous if at least one ventilation opening directed towards the industrial furnace wall is provided. An active charging of the anchor bag with rinsing or fresh air is possible via the ventilation opening. Thus, corrosive gases or corrosive salts can be transported away again via the scavenging air.
  • the anchor pocket insofar as it is arranged within the recess, is closed and / or is designed to be impervious to migration and / or gas-tight.
  • the mentioned corrosive salts crystallize on the outside of the anchor pocket.
  • the anchor pocket must be at least so dense that migration or spread of the salts into the interior of the anchor pocket is prevented.
  • the anchor pocket is formed from a base body with a first opening directed towards the end face for insertion of the anchor and a first closure means such as a lid for closing the first opening.
  • a first closure means such as a lid for closing the first opening.
  • the first opening merely serves to insert the armature or end section, so that this first opening can be closed again or has to be closed.
  • the closure is preferably carried out by a lid.
  • the lid may also be formed as a hood and limit a volume such that it widens the anchor pocket upwards. In this case, it serves as a closure means and at the same time as an extension of the anchor pocket itself. Equivalent replacement means are also conceivable for the cover like a hinged flap. The lid itself can also be hinged.
  • the base body opposite to the first opening has a second opening which is closed by a second closure means.
  • the anchor pocket as a hood, so for slipping on the anchor is optionally possible.
  • the main body of the closure pocket can also be configured as a sheet metal bent part, wherein at most the lid are formed as deep-drawn parts.
  • Wall element thus also the foreclosure against corrosive gases, in particular gases, which are brought over the barrier air layer within the wall element.
  • gases which are brought over the barrier air layer within the wall element.
  • ventilation means are provided for sealing air and the anchor pocket can be supplied via the ventilation means and the passage opening with sealing air.
  • Suitable ventilation means are channels, lines, openings from or within the industrial furnace wall, over which sealing air can be brought to the wall element.
  • the object is also achieved by an anchor bag as part of an above-described refractory inner layer of an industrial furnace wall.
  • the reasoning underlying the invention is also in the anchor bag itself as part of the refractory inner layer.
  • a stop surface is provided within the anchor pocket, against which the holding element with at least a portion of the end portion and / or arranged at the end portion armature in a direction A transverse to the direction E for fixing the wall element can be applied.
  • the abutment surface forms an undercut with respect to the direction A of the holding force, hence the base for a positive connection with the armature in said direction A of the holding force or in a direction N normal to the industrial furnace wall.
  • a bearing surface is provided on the outside of the anchor pocket, which bears against the wall element in a direction A, preferably parallel to Direction A, for fixing the wall element can be applied.
  • the holding element usually also extends in a direction N normal to the industrial furnace wall, so that the holding element is loaded only to train.
  • the direction E for insertion of the holding element extends into the anchor pocket transversely to its direction of extension.
  • the passage opening starting from the interior of the anchor pocket or an armature chamber is aligned in a deviating from the direction E direction D.
  • the orientation of the passage opening preferably extends in the direction A, L of the positive connection between the anchor pocket and wall element .
  • the aforementioned directions A, L and D should also be regarded as part of the orientation actually present in terms of vector decomposition.
  • the stop surface with respect to the normal N inclined to be aligned, wherein the armature in the direction of the normal N can be applied.
  • first opening is closed by using a first closure means and only one passage opening remains as access to the anchor pocket.
  • this first opening may be necessary for inserting the anchor. The same applies to the closure of the same.
  • At least one ventilation opening directed towards the industrial furnace wall is provided.
  • An active charging of the anchor bag with rinsing or fresh air is possible via the ventilation opening.
  • corrosive gases or corrosive salts can be transported away again via the scavenging air.
  • the anchor pocket is formed from a base body and at least one closure means, which together form a chamber wall which delimits an anchor chamber, the passage opening forming access to the anchor chamber.
  • the armature chamber in which the armature is located is bounded by the chamber wall. An exception is the remaining passage opening, in which the holding means for the armature runs or the ventilation opening for fresh air.
  • the lid is designed as a hood, it forms a slightly larger part of the chamber wall, which encloses the anchor.
  • An in Fig. 1 illustrated wall element 3 as part of a refractory inner layer 1 has an alignable to an industrial furnace wall not shown back 3R and an opposite to the back 3R arranged front side 3V, which is associated with a combustion chamber, not shown.
  • the rear side 3R and the front side 3V at least partially delimit an end face 3S of the wall element 3.
  • Within the end face 3S there are provided a first and second recess 3.1, 3.1 'which extend over a depth of about 40 mm and which are of the basic shape according to FIG. are formed. Due to the T-shaped configuration, the respective recess 3.1, 3.1 'also extends to the back 3R of the wall element third
  • Fig. 1 illustrated anchor pocket 5, which also has a recess 3.1 after trained T-shaped cross-sectional profile, insert or insert, as seen in the example of the recess 3.1 'and the anchor pocket 5'.
  • the anchor pocket 5 is formed from a base body 5.2 and a cover 5.4, which together form a chamber wall 5.2a, which in turn limits an armature chamber 5.2b.
  • the main body 5.2 has a first opening to the top 5.3, which, however, after Fig. 1 is closed by the cover 5.4.
  • the anchor pocket 5, 5 ' has a through opening 5.1, 5.1', which after insertion of the anchor pocket 5 into the recess 3.1 can at least partially be overlapped with the recess 3.1 extending towards the rear side 3R. That is, the inserted into the recess 3.1 anchor pocket 5 fills the recess 3.1, 3.1 ⁇ initially.
  • the passage opening 5.1 which ultimately provides access to the anchor pocket 5 and thus limited anchor chamber.
  • the anchor chamber is formed from a deep-drawn or bent body 5.2 made of sheet metal
  • the first opening 5.3 is closed by a first cover 5.4.
  • the main body 5.2 opposite to the first opening 5.3 a second opening 5.5, which is closed by a second cover 5.6.
  • the lid may be formed from a deep-drawn or bent sheet metal.
  • the cover 5.4 is formed as a hood and limits a volume such that it extends the anchor pocket 5 upwards. It serves in this case as a closure means and at the same time as an extension of the anchor pocket 5 itself. Accordingly, the hood 5.4 forms part of the chamber wall 5.2a, thus a part of the stop surface 5.7a or a part of the bearing surface 5.7b.
  • the chamber wall 5.2 a is formed of several parts and has a front wall 5 V, side walls 5 S, a roof wall 5 D and a bottom wall 5 B, which in turn form or limit the anchor pocket 5.
  • the bearing surface 5.7b as part of the chamber wall 5.2a forms not only due to the employment at least below the ventilation opening a rear wall. However, this is interrupted by the passage opening 5.1, so that the holding element 4 can be introduced or arranged for the purpose of assembly.
  • the armature 4.1 is inserted from above an insertion direction E into the anchor pocket.
  • the refractory inner layer 1 or the wall element 3 is arranged on the industrial furnace wall 2.
  • a holding element 4 provided with an armature 4.1 is arranged in the anchor pocket 5 located in the recess 3.1.
  • the wall element 3 with its rear side 3R on an industrial furnace wall 2 is held by the holding member 4 at least with respect to a direction N normal to the industrial furnace wall 2.
  • the anchor pocket 5 and the retaining element 4 with the armature 4.1 have the T- or Y-shaped cross-sectional shape, so that the armature comes in a direction A against a provided in the interior of the anchor pocket 5 stop surface 5.7 a to the plant.
  • the stop surface forms with respect to the direction A of the holding force an undercut 5.9, thus the basis for a positive connection with the armature 4.1 in said direction A of the holding force and in a direction N normal to the industrial furnace wall.
  • the anchor pocket 5 comes into abutment against the wall element 3 in a direction L via a bearing surface 5.7b, so that the wall element 3 is held or fixed to the industrial furnace wall via the anchor pocket 5 and the anchor 4.1 fastened to the retaining element 4.
  • the related to Fig. 3 Normal weight acting on the image surface of the wall element 3 is usually intercepted by setting up or placing the wall element 3.
  • the industrial furnace wall 2 consists essentially of a plurality of heat exchanger tubes 2.1, 2.1, which are connected via corresponding partitions or webs 2.2.
  • the holding element 4 is in this case in the region of a foot portion 4F, here hatched drawn, attached to the intermediate wall, preferably welded.
  • the anchor pocket 5 is in the region of the passage opening 5.1 on the back 3R of the wall element 3 via a measure r over, wherein the anchor pocket is arranged with respect to the intermediate wall 2.2 at a distance a.
  • the industrial furnace wall 2 also has ventilation means 2.3 in the form of pipes or ducts over the sealing air in the area between the wall element 3 and the industrial furnace wall 2 can be brought.
  • the sealing air is also supplied via the passage opening 5.1 of the anchor pocket 5 and the limited by the chamber wall 5.2 a anchor chamber 5.2 b.
  • the recess 3.1 is provided only in the back 3R.
  • the anchor pocket or the anchor, not shown, are hooked in this case, starting from the back 3R up to the end face 3S.
  • the stop surface 5.7a and the bearing surface 5.7b are therefore located above the passage opening 5.1.
  • the direction E for the insertion movement is carried out starting from the passage opening 5.1 on the back 3R upwards to the end face 3S, thus transverse to the direction A, L of the abutment or bearing surface 5.7a, 5.7b on the one hand and transverse to the direction D of Through opening 5.1 and the direction N of the surface normal to the industrial furnace wall. 2
  • the anchor pocket protrudes by the dimension r on the back 3R.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine feuerfeste Innenschicht für eine Industrieofenwand, die aus mehreren Wandelementen besteht, die zumindest teilweise über jeweils mindestens ein Halteelement an der Industrieofenwand fixiert sind, wobei das Halteelement einen Fußabschnitt und einen daran anschließenden Endabschnitt aufweist und das Halteelement im Bereich des Fußabschnitts an der Industrieofenwand befestigt ist und endseitig an dem daran anschließenden Endabschnitt einen Anker aufweist, der mit dem Wandelement zumindest in eine Richtung N normal zur Industrieofenwand formschlüssig gekoppelt ist, wobei das Wandelement aufweist eine der Industrieofenwand zugewandte Rückseite, eine gegenüberliegend zur Rückseite angeordnete Vorderseite, eine zumindest teilweise zwischen der Rückseite und der Vorderseite angeordnete Stirnseite und mindestens eine Aussparung zur zumindest mittelbaren Aufnahme des Ankers bzw. zur formschlüssigen Aufnahme des Ankers, wobei der Anker mit dem Wandelement in eine Richtung N normal zur Rückseite einen Formschluss bildet. Besagter Formschluss erfolgt mit Bezug auf die Richtung N zumindest anteilig. Bei einer Relativbewegung zwischen dem Anker und dem Wandelement in die Richtung N erfolgt eine den Formschluss begründende Anlage zwischen diesen beiden Bauteilen. Ein Formschluss kann auch anteilig erfolgen, d. h. nicht nur bei einer Relativbewegung in die Richtung N, sondern auch bei einer anderen Richtung der Relativbewegung, beispielsweise schräg dazu.The invention relates to a refractory inner layer for an industrial furnace wall, which consists of a plurality of wall elements, which are at least partially fixed in each case at least one holding element on the industrial furnace wall, wherein the holding element has a foot portion and an adjoining end portion and the holding element in the region of the foot portion is attached to the industrial furnace wall and end to the adjoining end portion has an anchor which is positively coupled to the wall element at least in a direction N normal to the industrial furnace wall, wherein the wall element has a back facing the industrial furnace wall, a front side opposite to the front, a at least partially disposed between the rear side and the front side and at least one recess for at least indirectly receiving the armature or for the positive reception of the armature, wherein the armature with the walls In a direction N normal to the back forms a positive connection. Said positive connection takes place with respect to the direction N at least proportionally. In a relative movement between the armature and the wall element in the direction N is a form-fitting basis conditioning between these two components. A form fit can also be proportionate, d. H. not only in a relative movement in the direction N, but also in another direction of the relative movement, for example obliquely thereto.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auch auf eine feuerfeste Innenschicht als Teil einer Industrieofenwand.The invention also relates to an inner refractory layer as part of an industrial furnace wall.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich ferner auf eine Halteelementverkleidung bzw. eine Ankertasche, gebildet aus einem feuerfesten Grundkörper zum Einsetzen bzw. Einführen in eine Aussparung eines Wandelementes einer feuerfesten Innenschicht einer Industrieofenwand, wobei eine erste Öffnung zum Einführen eines Halteelements und/oder eines Ankers in eine Richtung E vorgesehen ist.The invention further relates to a holding element cover or an anchor pocket, formed from a refractory base body for insertion into a recess of a wall element of a refractory inner layer of an industrial furnace wall, wherein a first opening for inserting a retaining element and / or an anchor in one direction E is provided.

Es ist bereits eine Feuerfestabkleidung für Industrieöfen aus der EP0962696A1 , FR2136098 oder EP 1 577 625 B1 bekannt, die mehrere neben- und übereinander angeordnete Platten aufweist, die durch temperaturbeständige Erzeugnisse hinterfüllt sind. Ferner sind Stahlanker vorgesehen, die an der zu verkleidenden Wand befestigt sind, wobei jede Platte mindestens eine Ausnehmung aufweist, in die ein oder mehrere Stahlanker eingreifen. Jede Ausnehmung einer Platte ist mit einer Beschichtung versehen, deren Material bei der dort im Betrieb herrschenden Temperatur schmilzt, verbrennt, erweicht, schwindet, schrumpft, sublimiert, verdampft oder verschwelt. In der Ausnehmung ist somit zwischen dem mit Hinterfüllmasse umschlossenen Anker und der Platte ein Spiel gewährleistet, durch das Betriebsspannungen vermieden werden.It is already a refractory lining for industrial furnaces from the EP0962696A1 . FR2136098 or EP 1 577 625 B1 known, which has a plurality of juxtaposed and stacked plates which are backfilled by temperature-resistant products. Further, steel anchors are provided, which are fastened to the wall to be covered, wherein each plate has at least one recess in which engage one or more steel anchors. Each recess of a plate is provided with a coating whose material melts, burns, softens, shrinks, shrinks, sublimates, evaporates or foams at the temperature prevailing there during operation. In the recess, a clearance is thus ensured between the enclosed with Hinterfüllmasse anchor and the plate, are avoided by the operating voltages.

Aus der DE 196 11 532 C1 ist auch eine Feuerfestabkleidung für Industrieöfen bekannt. Sie besteht aus vor Ort aufzutragendem Stampfbeton, der mittels Metallstiften, die als Anker dienen, an der Industrieofenwand gehalten wird. Zur Vermeidung von Korrosion an den Stiften sind diese im Bereich eines ersten wandseitigen Abschnitts mit einer Schutzhülse versehen. Der endseitige Abschnitt des Stiftes bzw. der Spreizanker wird ungeschützt in den Stampfbeton eingearbeitet.From the DE 196 11 532 C1 is also known as a refractory lining for industrial furnaces. It consists of locally applied stamped concrete, which is held by means of metal pins, which serve as anchors, to the industrial furnace wall. To avoid corrosion on the pins they are provided in the region of a first wall-side portion with a protective sleeve. The end section of the pin or the expansion anchor is incorporated unprotected in the stamped concrete.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine feuerfeste Innenschicht einer Industrieofenwand derart auszubilden und anzuordnen, dass ein einfacher Aufbau und möglichst große Standzeiten gewährleistet sind.The invention has for its object to form a refractory inner layer of an industrial furnace wall in such a way and to arrange that a simple structure and maximum service life are guaranteed.

Gelöst wird die Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß dadurch, dass eine feuerfeste Ankertasche vorgesehen ist, die in die Aussparung eingesetzt bzw. eingeführt ist und die mit dem Wandelement in Richtung N einen Formschluss bildet, wobei das Halteelement mit dem Anker und wahlweise mit zumindest einem Teil des Endabschnitts innerhalb der Ankertasche angeordnet bzw. dort eingesetzt ist. Durch die Ankertasche_ist der Anker bzw. ein Teil des Endabschnitts in eine Richtung zur Vorderseite, nach oben, nach unten und zur Seite hin abgeschottet.The object is achieved according to the invention in that a refractory anchor pocket is provided, which is inserted or inserted into the recess and forms a positive connection with the wall element in the direction N, wherein the holding element with the armature and optionally with at least a portion of the end portion within the anchor pocket is arranged or inserted there. Through the anchor pocket, the armature or part of the end portion is sealed off in a direction toward the front, up, down and to the side.

Der Formschluss wird unabhängig von dem Vorhandensein einer Ankertasche gebildet und kann auch anteilig erfolgen, d. h. nicht nur bei einer Relativbewegung in die Richtung N, sondern auch bei einer anderen Richtung der Relativbewegung, beispielsweise schräg dazu. Auf die mittel- oder unmittelbare Anlage bzw. den Kontakt zwischen dem Anker und dem Wandelement kommt es für die Definition des Formschlusses nicht an.The positive connection is formed independently of the presence of an anchor pocket and can also be proportionate, d. H. not only in a relative movement in the direction N, but also in another direction of the relative movement, for example obliquely thereto. The direct or indirect contact or the contact between the armature and the wall element does not matter for the definition of the positive connection.

Die Halteelementverkleidung ist als Ankertasche zur Aufnahme des Ankers und ggf. eines Endabschnitts des Halteelements ausgebildet, wobei die Ankertasche ein geschlossenes Gehäuse mit einer Vorderwand, Seitenwänden, einer Dachwand und einer Bodenwand ist und eine zur Industrieofenwand ausgerichtete Öffnung bzw. Durchgangsöffnung aufweist, durch die das Halteelement ausgehend von der Industrieofenwand zwecks Montage führbar ist. Zumindest der Anker und ein Endabschnitt des Halteelements sind innerhalb der Ankertasche angeordnet und über die Vorderwand, die Seitenwände, die Dachwand und die Bodenwand abgeschottet.The holding element covering is designed as an anchor pocket for receiving the armature and optionally an end section of the holding element, wherein the anchor pocket is a closed housing with a front wall, side walls, a roof wall and a bottom wall and has an opening oriented to the industrial furnace wall or passage opening through which the Holding element is feasible starting from the industrial furnace wall for the purpose of assembly. At least the armature and an end portion of the retaining element are within the anchor pocket arranged and foreclosed over the front wall, the side walls, the roof wall and the bottom wall.

Die Ankertasche dient der Abschottung des im Wandelement befindlichen Teils des Halteelements, also des Endabschnitts bzw. des Ankers, vor korrosiven Gasen, die innerhalb des Wandelements vorliegen bzw. vorherrschen. Insbesondere bei Wandelementen mit Kanälen für Sperrluft ist eine gesonderte Abschottung des Ankers durch die Ankertasche vorteilhaft.The anchor pocket is used to seal off the part of the holding element in the wall element, ie the end section or the armature, from corrosive gases which prevail or prevail within the wall element. Particularly in the case of wall elements with channels for sealing air, a separate partitioning off of the anchor by the anchor pocket is advantageous.

Die Ankertasche kann sich dabei auch über zwei Wandelemente erstrecken, d. h. beide Wandelemente weisen zumindest stirnseitig eine Aussparung auf, in der jeweils die Ankertasche aufgenommen ist bzw. einsetzbar ist. Der eine Anker dient dann zum Halten beider Wandelemente zumindest in eine Richtung normal zur Industrieofenwand.The anchor pocket can also extend over two wall elements, d. H. Both wall elements have at least the end face on a recess in each of which the anchor pocket is received or can be used. The one anchor then serves to hold both wall elements at least in a direction normal to the industrial furnace wall.

Die Aussparung befindet sich zum Einführen des Ankers zumindest teilweise in der Stirnseite des Wandelements und erstreckt sich zwecks Anordnung bzw. Führung des Halteelements zumindest teilweise bis in die Rückseite. Die Ankertasche kann auch als Haube ausgebildet sein, also als Tasche, die von oben auf den Anker gestülpt wird. Die Ankertasche bzw. deren Gehäusewand umgibt somit den Anker und zumindest Teile des Endabschnitts oder gar des Fußabschnitts und ist sandwichartig zwischen dem Anker und dem Wandelement aufgenommen. Der Anker ist somit in die Tasche eingehängt bzw. eingeschoben oder eingeführt, so dass eine formschlüssige Kopplung zwischen dem Anker und der Ankertasche einerseits und der Ankertasche und dem Wandelement andererseits besteht. Das Wandelement wird also mittelbar über den Anker zumindest in eine Richtung N normal zur Industrieofenwand gehalten.The recess is for insertion of the anchor at least partially in the end face of the wall element and extends for the purpose of arrangement or guidance of the retaining element at least partially into the back. The anchor bag can also be designed as a hood, so as a bag that is slipped onto the anchor from above. The anchor pocket or its housing wall thus surrounds the armature and at least parts of the end section or even the foot section and is sandwiched between the armature and the wall element. The anchor is thus suspended in the pocket or inserted or inserted, so that a positive coupling between the anchor and the anchor pocket on the one hand and the anchor pocket and the wall element on the other. The wall element is thus held indirectly via the armature at least in a direction N normal to the industrial furnace wall.

Gelöst wird die Aufgabe ebenso dadurch, dass die Halteelementverkleidung als Ankertasche zur Aufnahme eines Ankers und wahlweise eines Endabschnitts des Halteelements ausgebildet ist, wobei die Ankertasche als geschlossenes Gehäuse mit einer Vorderwand, Seitenwänden, einer Dachwand und einer Bodenwand ausgebildet ist, das nur eine zur Industrieofenwand ausrichtbare Öffnung bzw. Durchgangsöffnung aufweist, durch die das Halteelement zwecks Montage ausgehend von der Industrieofenwand führbar ist bzw. innerhalb der das Halteelement platzierbar ist, so dass zumindest der Anker und wahlweise ein Endabschnitt des Halteelements innerhalb der Ankertasche lagerbar und über die Vorderwand, die Seitenwände, die Dachwand und die Bodenwand abschottbar sind. Mithin ist der Anker bzw. der Endabschnitt über die Seiten besagter Wände der Ankertasche nicht direkt mit Ofengas anströmbar und nicht unmittelbar der Ofengasatmosphäre ausgesetzt. Das Innere der Ankertasche ist über die Öffnung mit Spülluft versorgbar bzw. spülbar. Die soweit geschlossene Ausbildung gewährleistet einen Schutz gegen besagte Gase bzw. daraus entstehende korrosive Salze, die das Halteelement bzw. den Anker angreifen würden. Die Ankertasche bzw. deren Gehäusewand begrenzt eine Ankerkammer, in der der Anker aufgenommen, mithin abgeschottet bzw. geschützt ist.The object is also achieved in that the holding element panel is designed as an anchor pocket for receiving an anchor and optionally an end portion of the support member, wherein the anchor pocket is formed as a closed housing with a front wall, side walls, a roof wall and a bottom wall, the only one to the industrial furnace wall alignable opening or passage opening through which the holding element for the purpose of mounting starting from the industrial furnace wall is feasible or within which the holding element is placeable, so that at least the armature and optionally an end portion of the holding element within the anchor pocket storable and over the front wall, the side walls , the roof wall and the bottom wall are partitionable. Consequently, the armature or the end section can not be flowed directly via the sides of said walls of the anchor pocket with furnace gas and is not exposed directly to the furnace gas atmosphere. The interior of the anchor pocket can be supplied or purged via the opening with purging air. The extent closed training ensures protection against said gases or resulting corrosive salts that would attack the holding element or the anchor. The anchor pocket or its housing wall delimits an armature chamber in which the armature is accommodated, and thus sealed off or protected.

Vorteilhaft kann es hierzu auch sein, wenn die Ankertasche als geschlossenes Gehäuse ausgebildet ist, das eine zur Industrieofenwand gerichtete Durchgangsöffnung aufweist, durch die sich das Halteelement ausgehend von der Industrieofenwand erstreckt, so dass zumindest der Anker und ein Teil des Endabschnitts innerhalb der Ankertasche angeordnet sind. Der der Industrieofenwand zugewandte, an der Industrieofenwand befestigte Fußabschnitt führt in den Endabschnitt über und erstreckt sich somit in die Durchgangsöffnung bis zum Anker, der sich innerhalb der Ankertasche befindet.It may also be advantageous for this purpose if the anchor pocket is designed as a closed housing which has a through-opening directed towards the industrial furnace wall, through which the holding element extends starting from the industrial furnace wall, so that at least the armature and a part of the end section are arranged inside the anchor pocket , The industrial furnace wall facing the attached to the industrial furnace wall foot section leads into the end portion and thus extends into the through hole to the anchor, which is located inside the anchor pocket.

Für das eine Halteelement ist nur eine Durchgangsöffnung vorgesehen. Darüber hinaus kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn mindestens eine zur Industrieofenwand gerichtete Lüftungsöffnung vorgesehen ist. Über die Lüftungsöffnung ist eine aktive Beschickung der Ankertasche mit Spül- bzw. Frischluft möglich. Somit können korrosive Gase oder korrosive Salze über die Spülluft wieder abtransportiert werden.For the one retaining element only one through hole is provided. Moreover, it can be advantageous if at least one ventilation opening directed towards the industrial furnace wall is provided. An active charging of the anchor bag with rinsing or fresh air is possible via the ventilation opening. Thus, corrosive gases or corrosive salts can be transported away again via the scavenging air.

Ferner kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn die Ankertasche, soweit sie innerhalb der Aussparung angeordnet ist, geschlossen und/oder migrationsdicht und/oder gasdicht ausgebildet ist. Die angesprochenen korrosiven Salze kristallisieren auf der Außenseite der Ankertasche aus. Die Ankertasche muss zumindest so dicht sein, dass eine Migration bzw. Ausbreitung der Salze in das Innere der Ankertasche verhindert wird.Furthermore, it may be advantageous if the anchor pocket, insofar as it is arranged within the recess, is closed and / or is designed to be impervious to migration and / or gas-tight. The mentioned corrosive salts crystallize on the outside of the anchor pocket. The anchor pocket must be at least so dense that migration or spread of the salts into the interior of the anchor pocket is prevented.

Vorteilhaft kann es auch sein, wenn die Ankertasche gebildet ist aus einem Grundkörper mit einer zur Stirnseite gerichteten ersten Öffnung zum Einführen des Ankers und einem ersten Verschlussmittel wie einen Deckel zum Verschließen der ersten Öffnung. Die erste Öffnung dient im Gegensatz zur Durchgangsöffnung lediglich zum Einführen des Ankers bzw. Endabschnitts, so dass diese erste Öffnung wieder geschlossen werden kann bzw. geschlossen werden muss. Das Verschließen erfolgt vorzugsweise durch einen Deckel. Der Deckel kann auch als Haube ausgebildet sein und ein Volumen derart begrenzen, dass er die Ankertasche nach oben hin erweitert. Er dient in diesem Fall als Verschlussmittel und gleichzeitig als Erweiterung der Ankertasche selbst. Es sind für den Deckel auch äquivalente Austauschmittel denkbar wie eine angelenkte Verschlussklappe. Der Deckel selbst kann auch angelenkt sein.It can also be advantageous if the anchor pocket is formed from a base body with a first opening directed towards the end face for insertion of the anchor and a first closure means such as a lid for closing the first opening. In contrast to the passage opening, the first opening merely serves to insert the armature or end section, so that this first opening can be closed again or has to be closed. The closure is preferably carried out by a lid. The lid may also be formed as a hood and limit a volume such that it widens the anchor pocket upwards. In this case, it serves as a closure means and at the same time as an extension of the anchor pocket itself. Equivalent replacement means are also conceivable for the cover like a hinged flap. The lid itself can also be hinged.

Grundsätzlich kann es von Vorteil sein, wenn der Grundkörper gegenüberliegend zur ersten Öffnung eine zweite Öffnung aufweist, die über ein zweites Verschlussmittel verschlossen ist. Somit ist die Verwendung der Ankertasche als Haube, also zum Aufstülpen auf den Anker optional möglich. Der Grundkörper der Verschlusstasche kann zudem als Blechbiegeteil ausgestaltet werden, wobei allenfalls die Deckel als Tiefziehteile ausgebildet sind.In principle, it may be advantageous if the base body opposite to the first opening has a second opening which is closed by a second closure means. Thus, the use of the anchor pocket as a hood, so for slipping on the anchor is optionally possible. The main body of the closure pocket can also be configured as a sheet metal bent part, wherein at most the lid are formed as deep-drawn parts.

Dabei kann es vorgesehen sein, dass die Ankertasche im Bereich der Durchgangsöffnung bis auf einen Abstand a an die Industrieofenwand herangeführt ist, wobei der Abstand a folgende Bedingung erfüllt:

  • 1 mm <= a <= 25 mm oder 2 mm <= a <= 20 mm oder
  • 3 mm <= a <= 10 mm oder 2 mm <= a <= 5 mm.
Je näher die Durchgangsöffnung bzw. die Ankertasche an die Industrieofenwand herangeführt ist, desto schlechter können korrosive Gase in die Durchgangsöffnung eindringen. Allerdings kann die Sperrluft aus dem Bereich der Industrieofenwand ebenfalls schlechter in die Durchgangsöffnung eindringen. Die Beaufschlagung der Ankertasche mit Sperrluft sorgt für eine noch bessere Abschottung gegen die korrosiven Gase.It can be provided that the anchor pocket in the region of the passage opening is brought up to a distance a to the industrial furnace wall, wherein the distance a satisfies the following condition:
  • 1 mm <= a <= 25 mm or 2 mm <= a <= 20 mm or
  • 3 mm <= a <= 10 mm or 2 mm <= a <= 5 mm.
The closer the passage opening or the anchor pocket is brought to the industrial furnace wall, the worse corrosive gases can penetrate into the passage opening. However, the sealing air from the area of the industrial furnace wall can also penetrate worse in the through hole. The supply of air to the anchor bag with sealing air ensures even better foreclosure against the corrosive gases.

Vorteilhaft kann es ferner sein, wenn die Ankertasche bündig zur Rückseite ausgerichtet ist oder relativ zur Rückseite um ein Maß r zurücksteht, wobei der Rückstand r folgende Bedingung erfüllt:

  • 0 mm <= r <= 25 mm oder 2 mm <= r <= 20 mm oder
  • 3 mm <= r <= 10 mm oder 2 mm <= r <= 5 mm.
Je näher die Durchgangsöffnung bzw. die Ankertasche an die Industrieofenwand herangeführt ist, desto größer ist der Abstand zumIt can also be advantageous if the anchor pocket is aligned flush with the back or is set back relative to the back by a dimension r, wherein the residue r satisfies the following condition:
  • 0 mm <= r <= 25 mm or 2 mm <= r <= 20 mm or
  • 3 mm <= r <= 10 mm or 2 mm <= r <= 5 mm.
The closer the passage opening or the anchor pocket is brought to the industrial furnace wall, the greater the distance to

Wandelement, mithin auch die Abschottung gegen korrosive Gase, insbesondere Gase, die über die Sperrluftschicht innerhalb des Wandelementes herangetragen werden. Ein Überragen der Rückseite des Wandelementes hat aber eine schlechtere Versorgung der Durchgangsöffnung mit Frischluft oder Spülluft zur Folge.Wall element, thus also the foreclosure against corrosive gases, in particular gases, which are brought over the barrier air layer within the wall element. An overhanging the back of the wall element but has a poorer supply of the passage opening with fresh air or purge air result.

Außerdem kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn Belüftungsmittel für Sperrluft vorgesehen sind und die Ankertasche über die Belüftungsmittel und die Durchgangsöffnung mit Sperrluft versorgbar ist. Als Belüftungsmittel kommen in Betracht Kanäle, Leitungen, Öffnungen ab bzw. innerhalb der Industrieofenwand, über die Sperrluft an das Wandelement herangeführt werden kann.In addition, it may be advantageous if ventilation means are provided for sealing air and the anchor pocket can be supplied via the ventilation means and the passage opening with sealing air. Suitable ventilation means are channels, lines, openings from or within the industrial furnace wall, over which sealing air can be brought to the wall element.

Gelöst wird die Aufgabe auch durch eine Ankertasche als Teil einer vorgehend beschriebenen feuerfesten Innenschicht einer Industrieofenwand. Der die Erfindung begründende Gedanke liegt auch in der Ankertasche selbst als Teil der feuerfesten Innenschicht.The object is also achieved by an anchor bag as part of an above-described refractory inner layer of an industrial furnace wall. The reasoning underlying the invention is also in the anchor bag itself as part of the refractory inner layer.

Ferner kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn innerhalb der Ankertasche eine Anschlagfläche vorgesehen ist, gegen die das Halteelement mit zumindest einem Teil des Endabschnitts und/oder dem am Endabschnitt angeordneten Anker in eine Richtung A quer zur Richtung E zur Fixierung des Wandelementes anlegbar ist. Die Anschlagfläche bildet in Bezug auf die Richtung A der Haltekraft eine Hinterschneidung, mithin die Basis für einen Formschluss mit dem Anker in besagte Richtung A der Haltekraft bzw. in eine Richtung N normal zur Industrieofenwand.Furthermore, it may be advantageous if a stop surface is provided within the anchor pocket, against which the holding element with at least a portion of the end portion and / or arranged at the end portion armature in a direction A transverse to the direction E for fixing the wall element can be applied. The abutment surface forms an undercut with respect to the direction A of the holding force, hence the base for a positive connection with the armature in said direction A of the holding force or in a direction N normal to the industrial furnace wall.

Korrespondierend zur Anschlagfläche ist auf der Außenseite der Ankertasche eine Lagerfläche vorgesehen, die gegen das Wandelement in eine Richtung A, vorzugsweise parallel zur Richtung A, zur Fixierung des Wandelementes anlegbar ist. Das Halteelement erstreckt sich in der Regel ebenfalls in eine Richtung N normal zur Industrieofenwand, so dass das Halteelement lediglich auf Zug belastet ist. Zudem verläuft die Richtung E zum Einführen des Halteelements in die Ankertasche quer zu dessen Erstreckungsrichtung.Corresponding to the abutment surface, a bearing surface is provided on the outside of the anchor pocket, which bears against the wall element in a direction A, preferably parallel to Direction A, for fixing the wall element can be applied. The holding element usually also extends in a direction N normal to the industrial furnace wall, so that the holding element is loaded only to train. In addition, the direction E for insertion of the holding element extends into the anchor pocket transversely to its direction of extension.

Dabei kann es von Vorteil sein, wenn die Durchgangsöffnung ausgehend vom Inneren der Ankertasche bzw. von einer Ankerkammer ausgerichtet ist in eine von der Richtung E abweichende Richtung D. Die Ausrichtung der Durchgangsöffnung verläuft vorzugsweise in die Richtung A, L des Formschlusses zwischen Ankertasche und Wandelement. Vorgenannte Richtungen A, L und D sind auch im Sinne einer Vektorzerlegung als Teil der tatsächlich vorliegenden Ausrichtung anzusehen. So kann bspw. die Anschlagfläche mit Bezug zur Normalen N geneigt verlaufend ausgerichtet sein, wobei der Anker in Richtung der Normalen N anlegbar ist.It may be advantageous if the passage opening, starting from the interior of the anchor pocket or an armature chamber is aligned in a deviating from the direction E direction D. The orientation of the passage opening preferably extends in the direction A, L of the positive connection between the anchor pocket and wall element , The aforementioned directions A, L and D should also be regarded as part of the orientation actually present in terms of vector decomposition. Thus, for example, the stop surface with respect to the normal N inclined to be aligned, wherein the armature in the direction of the normal N can be applied.

Weiter kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn die erste Öffnung unter Anwendung eines ersten Verschlussmittels verschlossen ist und als Zugang zur Ankertasche nur eine Durchgangsöffnung verbleibt. Wie schon ausgeführt kann diese erste Öffnung zum Einführen des Ankers notwendig sein. Gleiches gilt für das Verschließen derselben.Further, it may be advantageous if the first opening is closed by using a first closure means and only one passage opening remains as access to the anchor pocket. As already stated, this first opening may be necessary for inserting the anchor. The same applies to the closure of the same.

Zudem kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn ergänzend zur Durchgangsöffnung mindestens eine zur Industrieofenwand gerichtete Lüftungsöffnung vorgesehen ist. Über die Lüftungsöffnung ist eine aktive Beschickung der Ankertasche mit Spül- bzw. Frischluft möglich. Somit können korrosive Gase oder korrosive Salze über die Spülluft wieder abtransportiert werden.In addition, it may be advantageous if, in addition to the passage opening, at least one ventilation opening directed towards the industrial furnace wall is provided. An active charging of the anchor bag with rinsing or fresh air is possible via the ventilation opening. Thus, corrosive gases or corrosive salts can be transported away again via the scavenging air.

Letztlich kann es von Vorteil sein, wenn die Ankertasche gebildet ist aus einem Grundkörper und mindestens einem Verschlussmittel, die zusammen eine Kammerwand bilden, die eine Ankerkammer begrenzt, wobei die Durchgangsöffnung den Zugang zur Ankerkammer bildet. Die Ankerkammer, in der sich der Anker befindet, wird durch die Kammerwand begrenzt. Eine Ausnahme bildet die verbleibende Durchgangsöffnung, in der das Haltemittel für den Anker verläuft bzw. die Lüftungsöffnung für Frischluft. Wenn der Deckel als Haube ausgebildet ist, bildet er einen etwas größeren Teil der Kammerwand, die den Anker umschließt.Finally, it may be advantageous if the anchor pocket is formed from a base body and at least one closure means, which together form a chamber wall which delimits an anchor chamber, the passage opening forming access to the anchor chamber. The armature chamber in which the armature is located is bounded by the chamber wall. An exception is the remaining passage opening, in which the holding means for the armature runs or the ventilation opening for fresh air. If the lid is designed as a hood, it forms a slightly larger part of the chamber wall, which encloses the anchor.

Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten der Erfindung sind in den Patentansprüchen und in der Beschreibung erläutert und in den Figuren dargestellt. Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Wandelementes mit darüber angeordneter Ankertasche;
  • Figur 2a eine Ankertasche mit einem Deckel;
  • Figur 2b eine Ankertasche mit zwei Deckeln;
  • Figur 2c eine zweiteilige Ankertasche, explodiert;
  • Figur 2d die zweiteilige Ankertasche nach Figur 2c;
  • Figur 3 eine Schnittskizze betreffend eine Industrieofenwand mit daran angeordneter Innenschicht;
  • Figur 4a eine Schnittskizze eines Wandelementes mit Ankertasche;
  • Figur 4b eine Schnittskizze eines Wandelementes mit Ankertasche.
Further advantages and details of the invention are explained in the patent claims and in the description and illustrated in the figures. Show it:
  • FIG. 1 a perspective view of a wall element with arranged above anchor pocket;
  • FIG. 2a an anchor pocket with a lid;
  • FIG. 2b an anchor bag with two lids;
  • Figure 2c a two-piece anchor bag, exploded;
  • Figure 2d the two-piece anchor bag after Figure 2c ;
  • FIG. 3 a sectional sketch relating to an industrial furnace wall with inner layer disposed thereon;
  • FIG. 4a a sectional sketch of a wall element with anchor pocket;
  • FIG. 4b a sectional sketch of a wall element with anchor pocket.

Ein in Fig. 1 dargestelltes Wandelement 3 als Teil einer feuerfesten Innenschicht 1 weist eine zu einer nicht dargestellten Industrieofenwand ausrichtbare Rückseite 3R sowie eine gegenüberliegend zur Rückseite 3R angeordnete Vorderseite 3V auf, die einer nicht dargestellten Brennkammer zugeordnet ist. Die Rückseite 3R und die Vorderseite 3V begrenzen zumindest teilweise eine Stirnseite 3S des Wandelementes 3. Innerhalb der Stirnseite 3S sind eine erste und zweite Aussparung 3.1, 3.1` vorgesehen, die sich über eine Tiefe von etwa 40 mm erstrecken und die der Grundform nach T-förmig ausgebildet sind. Aufgrund der T-förmigen Ausbildung erstreckt sich die jeweilige Aussparung 3.1, 3.1' auch bis auf die Rückseite 3R des Wandelementes 3.An in Fig. 1 illustrated wall element 3 as part of a refractory inner layer 1 has an alignable to an industrial furnace wall not shown back 3R and an opposite to the back 3R arranged front side 3V, which is associated with a combustion chamber, not shown. The rear side 3R and the front side 3V at least partially delimit an end face 3S of the wall element 3. Within the end face 3S, there are provided a first and second recess 3.1, 3.1 'which extend over a depth of about 40 mm and which are of the basic shape according to FIG. are formed. Due to the T-shaped configuration, the respective recess 3.1, 3.1 'also extends to the back 3R of the wall element third

In die vorgenannte Aussparung 3.1 lässt sich eine in Fig. 1 dargestellte Ankertasche 5, die ebenfalls ein der Aussparung 3.1 nach ausgebildetes T-förmiges Querschnittsprofil aufweist, einschieben bzw. einsetzen, wie am Beispiel der Aussparung 3.1' und der Ankertasche 5' zu sehen. Die Ankertasche 5 ist gebildet aus einem Grundkörper 5.2 und einem Deckel 5.4, die zusammen eine Kammerwand 5.2a bilden, die wiederum eine Ankerkammer 5.2b begrenzt. Der Grundkörper 5.2 weist nach oben hin eine erste Öffnung 5.3 auf, die jedoch nach Fig. 1 durch den Deckel 5.4 verschlossen ist. Zur Rückseite 3R hin weist die Ankertasche 5, 5' eine Durchgangsöffnung 5.1, 5.1' auf, die nach Einsetzen der Ankertasche 5 in die Aussparung 3.1 mit der zur Rückseite 3R hin erstreckenden Aussparung 3.1 zumindest teilweise in Überdeckung bringbar ist. Das heißt, die in die Aussparung 3.1 eingesetzte Ankertasche 5 füllt die Aussparung 3.1, 3.1` zunächst aus. Auf der Rückseite 3R verbleibt die Durchgangsöffnung 5.1, die letztlich einen Zugang zur Ankertasche 5 bzw. der damit begrenzten Ankerkammer bietet. Nach Ausführungsbeispiel Fig. 2a ist die Ankerkammer gebildet aus einem tiefgezogenen oder gebogenen Grundkörper 5.2 aus Blech, dessen erste Öffnung 5.3 durch einen ersten Deckel 5.4 verschlossen ist. Nach Ausführungsbeispiel Fig. 2b weist der Grundkörper 5.2 gegenüberliegend zur ersten Öffnung 5.3 eine zweite Öffnung 5.5 auf, die über einen zweiten Deckel 5.6 verschlossen ist. Auch der Deckel kann aus einem tiefgezogenen oder gebogenen Blech gebildet sein.In the aforementioned recess 3.1 can be in Fig. 1 illustrated anchor pocket 5, which also has a recess 3.1 after trained T-shaped cross-sectional profile, insert or insert, as seen in the example of the recess 3.1 'and the anchor pocket 5'. The anchor pocket 5 is formed from a base body 5.2 and a cover 5.4, which together form a chamber wall 5.2a, which in turn limits an armature chamber 5.2b. The main body 5.2 has a first opening to the top 5.3, which, however, after Fig. 1 is closed by the cover 5.4. Towards the back 3R, the anchor pocket 5, 5 'has a through opening 5.1, 5.1', which after insertion of the anchor pocket 5 into the recess 3.1 can at least partially be overlapped with the recess 3.1 extending towards the rear side 3R. That is, the inserted into the recess 3.1 anchor pocket 5 fills the recess 3.1, 3.1` initially. On the back 3 R remains the passage opening 5.1, which ultimately provides access to the anchor pocket 5 and thus limited anchor chamber. After embodiment Fig. 2a the anchor chamber is formed from a deep-drawn or bent body 5.2 made of sheet metal, the first opening 5.3 is closed by a first cover 5.4. After embodiment Fig. 2b the main body 5.2 opposite to the first opening 5.3, a second opening 5.5, which is closed by a second cover 5.6. Also, the lid may be formed from a deep-drawn or bent sheet metal.

Nach Ausführungsbeispiel Fig. 2c, 2d ist der Deckel 5.4 als Haube ausgebildet und begrenzt ein Volumen derart, dass er die Ankertasche 5 nach oben hin erweitert. Er dient in diesem Fall als Verschlussmittel und gleichzeitig als Erweiterung der Ankertasche 5 selbst. Demnach bildet die Haube 5.4 einen Teil der Kammerwand 5.2a, mithin einen Teil der Anschlagfläche 5.7a bzw. einen Teil der Lagerfläche 5.7b. Die Kammerwand 5.2a ist aus mehreren Teilen gebildet und weist eine Vorderwand 5V, Seitenwände 5S, eine Dachwand 5D und eine Bodenwand 5B auf, die wiederum die Ankertasche 5 bilden bzw. begrenzen. Die Lagerfläche 5.7b als Teil der Kammerwand 5.2a bildet nicht nur aufgrund der Anstellung zumindest unterhalb der Lüftungsöffnung eine Rückwand. Diese wird aber unterbrochen durch die Durchgangsöffnung 5.1, damit das Halteelement 4 zwecks Montage eingeführt bzw. angeordnet werden kann.After embodiment Fig. 2c, 2d the cover 5.4 is formed as a hood and limits a volume such that it extends the anchor pocket 5 upwards. It serves in this case as a closure means and at the same time as an extension of the anchor pocket 5 itself. Accordingly, the hood 5.4 forms part of the chamber wall 5.2a, thus a part of the stop surface 5.7a or a part of the bearing surface 5.7b. The chamber wall 5.2 a is formed of several parts and has a front wall 5 V, side walls 5 S, a roof wall 5 D and a bottom wall 5 B, which in turn form or limit the anchor pocket 5. The bearing surface 5.7b as part of the chamber wall 5.2a forms not only due to the employment at least below the ventilation opening a rear wall. However, this is interrupted by the passage opening 5.1, so that the holding element 4 can be introduced or arranged for the purpose of assembly.

Der nicht dargestellte Anker 4.1 wird von oben einer Einschubrichtung E nach in die Ankertasche eingeführt.The armature 4.1, not shown, is inserted from above an insertion direction E into the anchor pocket.

Gemäß Schnittzeichnung Fig. 3 ist die feuerfeste Innenschicht 1 bzw. das Wandelement 3 an der Industrieofenwand 2 angeordnet. In der in der Aussparung 3.1 befindlichen Ankertasche 5 ist ein mit einem Anker 4.1 versehenes Halteelement 4 angeordnet. Hierbei befindet sich das Wandelement 3 mit seiner Rückseite 3R an einer Industrieofenwand 2 und wird zumindest in Bezug auf eine Richtung N normal zur Industrieofenwand 2 durch das Halteelement 4 gehalten. Die Ankertasche 5 sowie das Halteelement 4 mit dem Anker 4.1 weisen die T- bzw. Y-förmige Querschnittsform auf, so dass der Anker in eine Richtung A gegen eine im Inneren der Ankertasche 5 vorgesehene Anschlagfläche 5.7a zur Anlage kommt. Die Anschlagfläche bildet in Bezug auf die Richtung A der Haltekraft eine Hinterschneidung 5.9, mithin die Basis für einen Formschluss mit dem Anker 4.1 in besagte Richtung A der Haltekraft bzw. in eine Richtung N normal zur Industrieofenwand. Die Ankertasche 5 wiederum kommt in eine Richtung L über eine Lagerfläche 5.7b gegen das Wandelement 3 zur Anlage, so dass das Wandelement 3 über die Ankertasche 5 und den am Halteelement 4 befestigten Anker 4.1 an der Industrieofenwand gehalten bzw. fixiert ist. Die mit Bezug zu Fig. 3 normal zur Bildfläche wirkende Gewichtskraft des Wandelementes 3 wird in der Regel durch Aufstellen bzw. Aufsetzen des Wandelementes 3 abgefangen.According to sectional drawing Fig. 3 the refractory inner layer 1 or the wall element 3 is arranged on the industrial furnace wall 2. In the anchor pocket 5 located in the recess 3.1, a holding element 4 provided with an armature 4.1 is arranged. Here is the wall element 3 with its rear side 3R on an industrial furnace wall 2, and is held by the holding member 4 at least with respect to a direction N normal to the industrial furnace wall 2. The anchor pocket 5 and the retaining element 4 with the armature 4.1 have the T- or Y-shaped cross-sectional shape, so that the armature comes in a direction A against a provided in the interior of the anchor pocket 5 stop surface 5.7 a to the plant. The stop surface forms with respect to the direction A of the holding force an undercut 5.9, thus the basis for a positive connection with the armature 4.1 in said direction A of the holding force and in a direction N normal to the industrial furnace wall. The anchor pocket 5, in turn, comes into abutment against the wall element 3 in a direction L via a bearing surface 5.7b, so that the wall element 3 is held or fixed to the industrial furnace wall via the anchor pocket 5 and the anchor 4.1 fastened to the retaining element 4. The related to Fig. 3 Normal weight acting on the image surface of the wall element 3 is usually intercepted by setting up or placing the wall element 3.

Die Industrieofenwand 2 besteht im Wesentlichen aus mehreren Wärmetauscherrohren 2.1, 2.1, die über entsprechende Zwischenwände bzw. Stege 2.2 verbunden sind. Das Halteelement 4 ist hierbei im Bereich eines Fußabschnittes 4F, hier schraffiert gezeichnet, an der Zwischenwand befestigt, vorzugsweise verschweißt. An den vorstehend genannten Fußabschnitt 4F schließt sich ein Endabschnitt 4E des Halteelements 4 an, der auch den vorgenannten Anker 4.1 endseitig aufweist.The industrial furnace wall 2 consists essentially of a plurality of heat exchanger tubes 2.1, 2.1, which are connected via corresponding partitions or webs 2.2. The holding element 4 is in this case in the region of a foot portion 4F, here hatched drawn, attached to the intermediate wall, preferably welded. An end portion 4E of the holding element 4, which also has the abovementioned armature 4.1 at the end, adjoins the foot portion 4F mentioned above.

Die Ankertasche 5 steht im Bereich der Durchgangsöffnung 5.1 über die Rückseite 3R des Wandelementes 3 über ein Maß r über, wobei die Ankertasche mit Bezug zur Zwischenwand 2.2 mit Abstand a angeordnet ist.The anchor pocket 5 is in the region of the passage opening 5.1 on the back 3R of the wall element 3 via a measure r over, wherein the anchor pocket is arranged with respect to the intermediate wall 2.2 at a distance a.

Die Industrieofenwand 2 weist zudem Belüftungsmittel 2.3 in Form von Rohren oder Leitungskanälen auf, über die Sperrluft in den Bereich zwischen dem Wandelement 3 und der Industrieofenwand 2 bringbar ist. Die Sperrluft wird zudem über die Durchgangsöffnung 5.1 der Ankertasche 5 bzw. der durch die Kammerwand 5.2a begrenzten Ankerkammer 5.2b zugeführt.The industrial furnace wall 2 also has ventilation means 2.3 in the form of pipes or ducts over the sealing air in the area between the wall element 3 and the industrial furnace wall 2 can be brought. The sealing air is also supplied via the passage opening 5.1 of the anchor pocket 5 and the limited by the chamber wall 5.2 a anchor chamber 5.2 b.

Gemäß Schnittdarstellung A-A nach Fig. 4a ist die Ankertasche 5 von oben einer Einschubrichtung E nach in die Aussparung 3.1 eingeführt, wobei sich die Richtung N der Normalen zur Industrieofenwand 2 wie auch die Lager- und Anschlagrichtung A, L sowie die Richtung D der Durchgangsöffnung 5.1 nach links hin, also rechtwinklig zur Richtung E erstrecken.According to sectional view AA after Fig. 4a the anchor pocket 5 is inserted from above one insertion direction E into the recess 3.1, wherein the direction N of the normal to the industrial furnace wall 2 as well as the storage and stop direction A, L and the direction D of the passage opening 5.1 to the left, so perpendicular to Extend towards E

Nach Ausführungsform Fig. 4b ist die Aussparung 3.1 lediglich in der Rückseite 3R vorgesehen. Die Ankertasche bzw. der nicht dargestellte Anker werden in diesem Fall ausgehend von der Rückseite 3R nach oben zur Stirnseite 3S eingehakt. Die Anschlagfläche 5.7a sowie die Lagerfläche 5.7b befinden sich mithin oberhalb der Durchgangsöffnung 5.1. Die Richtung E für die Einschubbewegung erfolgt ausgehend von der Durchgangsöffnung 5.1 auf der Rückseite 3R nach oben hin zur Stirnseite 3S, mithin quer zu der Richtung A, L der Anschlag- bzw. Lagerfläche 5.7a, 5.7b einerseits sowie quer zu der Richtung D der Durchgangsöffnung 5.1 bzw. der Richtung N der Flächennormalen zur Industrieofenwand 2.According to embodiment Fig. 4b the recess 3.1 is provided only in the back 3R. The anchor pocket or the anchor, not shown, are hooked in this case, starting from the back 3R up to the end face 3S. The stop surface 5.7a and the bearing surface 5.7b are therefore located above the passage opening 5.1. The direction E for the insertion movement is carried out starting from the passage opening 5.1 on the back 3R upwards to the end face 3S, thus transverse to the direction A, L of the abutment or bearing surface 5.7a, 5.7b on the one hand and transverse to the direction D of Through opening 5.1 and the direction N of the surface normal to the industrial furnace wall. 2

Gemäß Ausführungsform Fig. 4a und Fig. 4b steht die Ankertasche um das Maß r über die Rückseite 3R hervor.According to embodiment Fig. 4a and Fig. 4b the anchor pocket protrudes by the dimension r on the back 3R.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Feuerfeste InnenschichtFireproof inner layer
22
IndustrieofenwandIndustrial furnace wall
2.12.1
Wärmetauscherrohrheat exchanger tube
2.1`2.1`
Wärmetauscherrohrheat exchanger tube
2.22.2
Zwischenwand, StegePartition, walkways
2.32.3
Belüftungsmittelventilation means
33
Wandelementwall element
3.13.1
Aussparungrecess
3.1'3.1 '
Aussparungrecess
3R3R
Rückseiteback
3S3S
Stirnseitefront
3V3V
Vorderseitefront
44
Halteelementretaining element
4.14.1
Ankeranchor
4E4E
Endabschnittend
4F4F
Fußabschnittfoot section
55
Ankertasche, HalteelementverkleidungAnchor bag, retaining element paneling
5'5 '
Ankertascheanchor bag
5.15.1
Durchgangsöffnung, ÖffnungThrough opening, opening
5.1'5.1 '
Durchgangsöffnung, ÖffnungThrough opening, opening
5.25.2
Grundkörperbody
5.2a5.2a
Kammerwandchamber wall
5.2b5.2b
Ankerkammerarmature chamber
5.35.3
erste Öffnungfirst opening
5.45.4
erstes Verschlussmittel, erster Deckel, Haubefirst closure means, first lid, hood
5.55.5
zweite Öffnungsecond opening
5.65.6
zweites Verschlussmittel, zweiter Deckelsecond closure means, second lid
5.7a5.7a
Anschlagflächestop surface
5.7b5.7b
Lagerflächestorage area
5.85.8
Lüftungsöffnungvent
5.95.9
Hinterschneidungundercut
5B5B
Bodenwandbottom wall
5D5D
Dachwandroof wall
5S5S
SeitenwandSide wall
5V5V
Vorderwandfront wall
aa
Abstanddistance
AA
Richtung des AnschlagsDirection of the stop
DD
Richtung der DurchgangsöffnungDirection of the passage opening
Ee
Richtung der EinführungDirection of introduction
LL
Richtung der LagerungDirection of storage
NN
Richtung normal zur IndustrieofenwandDirection normal to the industrial furnace wall
rr
Rückstand, MaßBacklog, measure

Claims (12)

  1. A fireproof inner layer (1) for an industrial furnace wall (2), which consists of several wall elements (3), which are at least partially retained on the industrial furnace wall (2) by means of at least one retaining element (4) each, wherein the retaining element (4) has a base section (4F) and an end section (4E) connected to the base section and the retaining element (4) is fastened to the industrial furnace wall (2) in the region of the base section (4F) and has an anchor (4.1) in the region of the end section (4E), which is positively coupled to the wall element (3), wherein the wall element (3) has a back side (3R) facing the industrial furnace wall (2), a front side (3V) arranged opposite the back side (3R), an end face (3S) arranged at least partially between the back side (3R) and the front side (3V), and at least one cavity (3.1) for positively receiving the anchor (4.1), wherein the anchor (4.1) forms a positive fit with the wall element (3) in a direction N normal to the back side (3R), characterized in that a fireproof anchor pocket (5) is provided, which is inserted into the cavity (3.1) and which forms a positive fit with the wall element (3) in the direction N, wherein the retaining element (4) is arranged inside the anchor pocket (5) by means of at least one part of the end section (4E) and/or the anchor (4.1), and that at least one vent opening (5.8) which is directed towards the industrial furnace wall (2) is provided, by means of which vent opening the inside of the anchor pocket (5) can be supplied with scavenging air.
  2. The inner layer (1) according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that the anchor pocket (5) is designed as a closed housing which has only one through-opening (5.1) which is directed towards the industrial furnace wall (2), through which the retaining element (4) extends starting from the industrial furnace wall (2), so that at least the anchor (4.1) is arranged inside the anchor pocket (5).
  3. The inner layer (1) according to Claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that the anchor pocket (5), inasmuch as it is arranged inside the cavity (3.1), is designed to be closed and/or impervious to migration and/or gastight.
  4. The inner layer (1) according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the anchor pocket (5) is formed from one base element (5.2) having a first opening (5.3) directed towards the end face (3S) for introducing the anchor (4.1) and a first sealing means (5.4) for sealing the first opening (5.3).
  5. The inner layer (1) according to Claim 4,
    characterized in that the base element (5.2) has a second opening (5.5) which is located opposite the first opening (5.3) and which is sealed by means of a second sealing means (5.6).
  6. The inner layer (1) according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the anchor pocket (5) is aligned flush with the back side (3R) or stands back relative to the back side (3R) by a dimension r, wherein the standing-back dimension r meets the following condition:
    0 mm <= r <= 25 mm or
    2 mm <= r <= 20 mm or
    3 mm <= r <= 10 mm or
    2 mm <= r <= 5 mm.
  7. The industrial furnace wall (2) having an inner layer (1) according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that ventilation means (2.3) for sealing air are provided and the anchor pocket (5) can be supplied with sealing air by means of the ventilation means (2.3) and the through-opening (5.1).
  8. A retaining element lining (5) formed from a fireproof base element (5.2) for inserting in a cavity (3.1) of a wall element (3) of a fireproof inner layer (1) of an industrial furnace wall (2), wherein a first opening (5.3) for introducing a retaining element (4) in a direction E is provided,
    characterized in that the retaining element lining is designed as an anchor pocket (5) for receiving an anchor (4.1), wherein the anchor pocket (5) is designed as a closed housing with a front wall (5V), side walls (5S), a roof (5D) and a bottom (5B), said housing having an opening (5.1) which can be aligned towards the industrial furnace wall (2), inside which opening the retaining element (4) can be located, so that at least the anchor (4.1) can be mounted inside the anchor pocket (5) and can be partitioned off by means of the front wall (5V), the side walls (5S), the roof (5D) and the bottom (5B), wherein at least one vent opening (5.8) which can be aligned towards the industrial furnace wall (2) is provided, by means of which the inside of the anchor pocket (5) can be supplied with scavenging air during operation.
  9. The anchor pocket (5) according to Claim 8,

    characterized in that a stop surface (5.7a) is provided inside the anchor pocket (5), against which stop surface the retaining element (4) can bear with at least one part of the end section (4E) and/or one anchor (4.1) arranged on the end section (4E) in a direction A transversely to the direction E for fixing the wall element (3).
  10. The anchor pocket (5) according to Claim 8 or 9,
    characterized in that the through-opening (5.1) starting from the inside of the anchor pocket (5) is aligned in a direction D deviating from the direction E.
  11. The anchor pocket (5) according to Claim 8, 9 or 10,
    characterized in that the first opening (5.3) is sealed by using a first sealing means (5.4) and only one through-opening (5.1) remains for the retaining element (4) as access to the anchor pocket (5).
  12. The anchor pocket (5) according to any one of Claims 8 to 11, formed from a base element (5.2) and at least one sealing means (5.4) which, together, form a chamber wall (5.2a) which delimits an anchor chamber (5.2b), wherein the through-opening (5.1) forms the access to the anchor chamber (5.2b).
EP13782672.3A 2012-10-18 2013-10-16 Receptacle for an anchor of a fireproof inner layer for an industrial furnace Not-in-force EP2909556B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012109962 2012-10-18
DE102012110390.9A DE102012110390A1 (en) 2012-10-18 2012-10-30 Support for anchors of a refractory inner layer for industrial furnace
PCT/EP2013/071583 WO2014060451A2 (en) 2012-10-18 2013-10-16 Receptacle for an anchor of a fireproof inner layer for an industrial furnace

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2909556A2 EP2909556A2 (en) 2015-08-26
EP2909556B1 true EP2909556B1 (en) 2016-11-02

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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EP (1) EP2909556B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102012110390A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2014060451A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015187007A1 (en) * 2014-06-06 2015-12-10 Hkh Development B.V. Refractory tube wall lining for an incinerator
NL1041195B1 (en) * 2014-06-06 2016-04-01 Hkh Dev B V Refractory lining for a pipe wall of an incinerator.

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2517876A (en) * 1944-07-03 1950-08-08 Gen Refractories Co Refractory brick for use in suspended furnace roofs
DE2116093C3 (en) * 1971-04-02 1983-06-16 Karrena GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf Device for hanging two-part ceramic pieces
GB1568603A (en) * 1977-01-15 1980-06-04 Carborundum Co Ltd Furnace linings
DE19611532C1 (en) 1996-03-23 1997-06-12 Didier Werke Ag Fire room wall in refuse incinerator plants
EP0962696A4 (en) * 1997-11-28 2002-03-06 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Water tube protective refractory structure and method of assembling the same
AT7024U1 (en) * 2002-05-16 2004-07-26 Unitherm Cemcon Feuerungsanlag INSULATION FOR THE EXTERNAL COAT OF A BURNER
DE20208140U1 (en) * 2002-05-22 2002-10-17 Silca Service Und Vertriebsges Anchors, in particular for fastening cladding in high-temperature environments, and lining the inner walls of furnaces, in particular industrial furnaces
ATE430907T1 (en) 2004-03-18 2009-05-15 Juenger & Graeter Gmbh Feuerfe FIREPROOF CLOTHING
DE102010029202A1 (en) * 2010-05-20 2011-11-24 Mokesys Ag Cladding for a finned tube wall of a combustion furnace

Also Published As

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WO2014060451A2 (en) 2014-04-24
DE102012110390A1 (en) 2014-04-24
EP2909556A2 (en) 2015-08-26
WO2014060451A3 (en) 2014-07-31
WO2014060451A4 (en) 2014-08-21

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