EP2901717A1 - Method and device for generating audio signals to be delivered to a sound reproduction system - Google Patents
Method and device for generating audio signals to be delivered to a sound reproduction systemInfo
- Publication number
- EP2901717A1 EP2901717A1 EP13779301.4A EP13779301A EP2901717A1 EP 2901717 A1 EP2901717 A1 EP 2901717A1 EP 13779301 A EP13779301 A EP 13779301A EP 2901717 A1 EP2901717 A1 EP 2901717A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- speakers
- sound
- loudspeakers
- audio signal
- signals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R27/00—Public address systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S3/00—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic
- H04S3/002—Non-adaptive circuits, e.g. manually adjustable or static, for enhancing the sound image or the spatial distribution
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
- H04R1/323—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only for loudspeakers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2201/40—Details of arrangements for obtaining desired directional characteristic by combining a number of identical transducers covered by H04R1/40 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2201/401—2D or 3D arrays of transducers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2201/40—Details of arrangements for obtaining desired directional characteristic by combining a number of identical transducers covered by H04R1/40 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2201/405—Non-uniform arrays of transducers or a plurality of uniform arrays with different transducer spacing
Definitions
- the invention relates to the general field of acoustic treatments.
- PA Public Address
- the placement of loudspeakers on the stage can be problematic, in order to respect certain practical and aesthetic constraints (limited space of the stage, visual rendering for the listener, etc.).
- FIG. 1A illustrates in full line the variations of the sound level expressed in decibel, of a signal rendered using a WFS type technique by a set of 16 omnidirectional loudspeakers positioned on a stage, these high speakers having a sensitivity of 92 dB and being powered by amplifiers of 250 W (watts).
- FIG. 1B illustrates by way of example (on the basis of assumptions similar to those described above for FIG. 1A):
- the elevation also called site
- the elevation perceived as a function of distance by a listener for a row of omnidirectional loudspeakers placed at the stage level
- the invention responds in particular to this need by proposing a method of generating, from an audio input signal, audio signals intended to be supplied to a sound reproduction system, this sound reproduction system comprising a first set of loudspeakers positioned at a reference height, and a second set of loudspeakers positioned at a height greater than the reference height, the loudspeakers of the second together being more directional vertically than the speakers of the first set.
- This generation method comprises:
- a sound spatialization technique taking into account the identified position of said at least one sound object of the input audio signal and a position of the speakers of the first set;
- a sound spatialization technique taking into account the identified position of said at least one sound object of the input audio signal and a position of the speakers of the second set;
- At least one of the sound spatialization techniques applied during the generation of the first and second audio signals being a holophonic technique
- the delays and / or gains applied during the generation of the first and second audio signals being chosen so that the combination of the first signals output by the first set of loudspeakers and the second signals output by the second set of loudspeakers; speakers verifies a determined sound reproduction effect at at least one reference spatial position defined for the first and second sets of speakers.
- the invention also relates to a device for generating audio signals intended for a sound reproduction system from an input audio signal, this sound reproduction system comprising a first set of loudspeakers positioned at a height of reference, and a second set of speakers positioned at a height greater than the reference height, the speakers of the second set being more vertically oriented than the speakers of the first set.
- This generation device comprises:
- a sound spatialization technique taking into account the identified position of said at least one sound object of the input audio signal and a position of the speakers of the first set;
- a sound spatialization technique taking into account the identified position of said at least one sound object of the input audio signal and a position of the speakers of the second set;
- At least one of the sound spatialization techniques applied by the means for generating the first and second audio signals being a holophonic technique
- the gains and / or delays applied by the means for generating the first and second audio signals being chosen so that the combination of the first signals output by the first set of loudspeakers and the second signals output by the second set of loudspeakers; speakers verifies a determined sound reproduction effect at at least one reference spatial position defined for the first and second sets of speakers.
- the invention proposes, in order to optimize the reproduction of the audio input signal in a room or a room, to combine two advantageous techniques, namely:
- a sound spatialization technique used to generate, from the input audio signal, the audio signals intended to supply these two sets of loudspeakers.
- the invention thus applies in a preferred but non-limiting manner to the restitution of audio signals in a large room, such as a theater or an auditorium with a stage.
- the first set of speakers is placed on or in front of the stage of the room, while the second set of speakers is placed above the stage (aligned vertically or slightly offset from the first set of speakers).
- the loudspeakers of the highest set are more directional (on average) than the speakers of the lowest set (first set).
- the invention provides the possibility for this purpose to vertically orient the speakers of the second set towards the back of the room, while the speakers of the first set can be directed to the part of the room located at near the scene.
- the vertical directivity of the speakers of the second set and its positioning in height limits the sound level restored close to the scene while ensuring a good sound level for listeners placed in the back of the room.
- the speakers of the second set therefore acts as a booster speaker for the return of the input audio signal.
- the presence of directional booster speakers above the stage advantageously reduces the power of the speakers used for the first set. Therefore, one can use for the first set of speakers less bulky because of their reduced power or more limited number.
- the invention makes it possible to overcome more easily practical and aesthetic constraints related to the positioning of the speakers in the room to restore the signals.
- the limitation of the sound level reproduced by the second set of speakers in the vicinity of the scene authorized by the invention makes it possible to favor the vertical localization of the sound objects of the signal at the level of the first set of loudspeakers, benefiting from them. an effect known as "Haas effect”.
- the location of a sound object is given by the direction from which the sound comes first to the ear (or first wavefront), even if the intensity of the sounds arriving in a second ear delay from another direction is greater than the intensity of the first wavefront.
- effect of precedence This effect, however, is not absolute and works all the better as the sound level of the following wavefronts is low.
- the delays and the gains applied in accordance with the invention are advantageously chosen so that the combination of the first signals output by the first set of loudspeakers and the second signals output by the second set of loudspeakers verifies a signal effect.
- This effect of sound restitution determined is for example the coherence (of phase) of the signals restored by the first and second sets of loudspeakers at the reference spatial position.
- the delays applied during the generation of the first and second audio signals are chosen so that the first signals output by the first set of loudspeakers and the second signals output by the second set of loudspeakers arrive simultaneously. at the reference spatial position.
- This time shift between the signals is then chosen short enough to be able to benefit from the Haas effect (that is to say typically less than 30-35 ms, for example of the order of 15 to 20 ms), and not not generate a feeling of echoes for the audience of the room.
- the gains are chosen so as to guarantee a sufficient sound level at the bottom of the room while optimizing the vertical localization with the reference position.
- the invention therefore makes it possible, on the one hand, to improve the quality of the signal reproduction compared to the state of the art, and to respond more effectively to the aesthetic and practical constraints imposed when positioning the loudspeakers in the room. .
- At least one of the sound spatialization techniques applied during the generation of the first and second audio signals is:
- a holophonic sound spatialization technique of the WFS type such as, for example, the sound spatialization technique described in document EP 2 206 365, or the technique described in the E. Corteel document titled Equalization in an Extended Area using
- Such a technique advantageously makes it possible to envelop the audience of the room in the sound stage and offer a good quality of reproduction of the audio signal; or - a dynamic matrix mixing technique.
- This technique can take the form of, for example, a stereophonic loudspeaker panning on the loudspeakers, relatively easy to implement, or alternatively a VBAP (Vector Based Amplitude Panning) or DBAP type of intensity panning. (Distance Based Amplitude Panning) known per se.
- the input audio signal is a multichannel audio signal and, during at least one of the generation steps, the same delay and / or the same gain is applied to each channel of the signal input audio.
- This embodiment facilitates the implementation of the invention, in particular by limiting the complexity associated with the choice of gains and / or delays to be applied.
- said at least one delay and / or gain is applied to the input signal before the sound spatialization technique, it is also possible to invert these two treatments.
- the input audio signal is a multichannel signal comprising a number of channels smaller than the number of loudspeakers of the first and / or second set
- the use of a gain and / or delay independent of the signal channels allows to preserve the distribution of the gains and delays affected between the loudspeakers by the sound spatialization technique.
- the first and the second signals generated by applying the gains and the delays and the sound spatialization technique are equivalent to the first and second signals generated by first applying the sound spatialization technique and then the gains and delays.
- a delay and / or a distinct gain is applied to at least two distinct channels of the input audio signal.
- the sound reproduction system further comprises at least a third set of loudspeakers positioned at a height greater than the reference height, and the generation method comprises a step of generating a loudspeaker.
- At least one delay and / or gain At least one delay and / or gain
- a sound spatialization technique taking into account the identified position of said at least one sound object of the input audio signal and a position of the loudspeakers of the third set;
- said at least one delay and / or gain being chosen so that a combination of the third signals output by the third set of speakers and signals output by one of the other speaker sets of the playback system checks a sound reproduction effect determined at a reference spatial position defined for this other set and for the third set of speakers.
- This embodiment proposes to add a set of additional booster speakers to enhance the sound reinforcement of the room.
- Such an embodiment can be very relevant for rooms of very large dimensions or having elements acoustically masking the signals returned by the loudspeakers (eg presence of balconies in a concert hall).
- the invention is not limited to a system comprising three sets of loudspeakers but it is also possible to add a fourth, a fifth, etc., set of loudspeakers, the choice of delays and / or gains applied. during the generation of the signals intended to supply these sets of loudspeakers being preferentially carried out by considering the sets of loudspeakers in pairs (eg second and third sets, third and fourth sets, etc.).
- the generating method comprises a step of generating a plurality of audio signals for supplying the set of subwoofer loudspeakers by applying to the input audio signal:
- At least one delay and / or gain At least one delay and / or gain
- said at least one delay and / or gain being selected so that the combination of the signals output by the set of subwoofer type speakers and signals output by one of the other sets of speakers of the system of restitution verifies a determined sound reproduction effect at a reference spatial position defined for this other set and for the set of speakers of the subwoofer type.
- the different steps of the generation method according to the invention are determined by instructions of computer programs.
- the invention also relates to a program on an information medium, this program being capable of being implemented in a generation device or more generally in a computer, this program comprising instructions adapted to the implementation steps of a generation method as described above.
- This program can use any programming language, and be in the form of source code, object code, or intermediate code between source code and object code, such as in a partially compiled form, or in any other form desirable shape.
- the invention also relates to a computer-readable or microprocessor-readable information medium, and comprising instructions of a program as mentioned above.
- the information carrier may be any entity or device capable of storing the program.
- the medium may comprise storage means, such as a ROM, for example a CD ROM or a microelectronic circuit ROM, or a magnetic recording medium, for example a floppy disk or a disk. hard.
- the information medium may be a transmissible medium such as an electrical or optical signal, which may be conveyed via an electrical or optical cable, by radio or by other means.
- the program according to the invention can be downloaded in particular on an Internet type network.
- the information carrier may be an integrated circuit in which the program is incorporated, the circuit being adapted to execute or to be used in the execution of the method in question.
- the invention also relates to a set of reproduction of an input audio signal comprising:
- a sound reproduction system comprising a first set of loudspeakers positioned at a reference height, and a second set of loudspeakers positioned at a height greater than the reference height, the loudspeakers of the second set being more directive vertically as the speakers of the first set;
- a device for generating audio signals according to the invention for supplying the loudspeakers of the first set and the loudspeakers of the second set of the sound reproduction system.
- the reproduction unit has the same advantages as those mentioned above for the device and the generation method.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B already described, respectively illustrate the disadvantages of sound reinforcement systems of the state of the art
- FIG. 2 schematically represents a reproduction assembly and a generating device according to the invention, in a first embodiment
- FIG. 3 illustrates an example of positioning of the two sets of loudspeakers of the restitution assembly of FIG. 2 in a room
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates the hardware architecture of the generation device of FIG. 2, in the first embodiment
- FIG. 5 represents, in the form of a flow chart, the main steps of a generation method according to the invention as implemented in the first embodiment, by the generation device of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 6 shows the variations in the propagation time of the signals emitted by omnidirectional loudspeakers situated on and above the stage, as a function of the distance of a listener with respect to the scene;
- FIG. 7 illustrates various advantages provided by the invention, in terms of variations in the sound level of the signals as a function of the distance of a listener with respect to the scene;
- FIG. 8 schematically represents a reproduction assembly and a generation device according to the invention, in a second embodiment
- FIG. 9 illustrates an example of positioning of the three sets of loudspeakers of the rendering assembly of FIG. 8 in a room.
- FIG. 10 represents, in the form of a flow chart, the main steps of a generation method according to the invention as implemented in the second embodiment, by the generation device of FIG. 8.
- FIG. 2 represents, in its environment, a set 1 of sound reproduction of an input audio signal S, according to the invention, in a first embodiment.
- the audio signal S is a multichannel signal resulting from a sound capture (ie recording) of a signal played on a scene SCENE of a theater R , performed by microphones placed on the SCENE stage or distributed in various places of this room, in a manner known per se.
- the audio signal S possibly being a pre-recorded audio signal or having prerecorded elements. It is furthermore assumed that the audio signal S is intended to be reproduced in the theater by using the sound reproduction assembly 1 according to the invention.
- the format of the S signal may be a signal composed of individual sockets (eg for a theater, from a microphone per musician, singer or actor for live sound recording), a stereo signal, a 5.1, 7.1, or 10.2 format signal, or a signal in HOA (Higher Order Ambisonics) format, etc., or finally a combination of these techniques.
- the set 1 of sound reproduction used for the reproduction of the audio signal S comprises:
- a sound reproduction system 2 comprising a plurality of loudspeakers
- the sound reproduction system 2 comprises:
- a first set E1 of P loudspeakers denoted HP1-1, HP1-2, HP1-P, P being a positive integer greater than 1;
- a second set E2 of N loudspeakers denoted HP2-1, HP2-2,..., HP2-N, N being a positive integer greater than 1.
- the integers P and N can be equal or distinct.
- the loudspeakers HP1-1, HP1-2, HP1-P of the first set El are positioned at a height h1 referred to as reference.
- the loudspeakers HP1-1, HP1-2, HP1-P of the first set El are arranged so as to form a horizontal line of loudspeakers positioned on the SCENE stage of R.
- the reference height hl corresponding here to the height of the SCENE scene.
- the loudspeakers HP2-1, HP2-2,..., HP2-N of the second set E2 are positioned at a height h2 greater than the reference position h1. In the example of Figure 2, they are arranged to form a horizontal line of speakers positioned at height h2.
- the loudspeakers of the second set E2 are not necessarily vertically aligned with (i.e. in the same vertical plane as) the speakers of the first set El, with respect to the scene SCENE. They can be shifted in particular with respect to the speakers of the first set El in the direction of the AUDIT part of the auditorium R where the audience is.
- the invention thus also applies to other configurations of loudspeakers, such as for example to matrices speakers, or configurations distinct from a linear configuration, such as a configuration adapted to the shape of the scene (eg in an arc).
- the positioning of the loudspeakers of each set, relative to each other can be varied and varied: it will be possible to consider speakers distributed uniformly within the set of speakers, or distributed according to several groups placed at the ends and at the optical center of the scene, etc.
- the invention advantageously offers the possibility of having a number N of loudspeakers of the second set E2 smaller than the number P of loudspeakers of the first set El.
- the number of speakers required for each set of speakers can therefore be determined by setting the desired aliasing frequency and the position of a reference listener in the room relative to the scene. Since the loudspeakers of the second set E2 are further away from the reference listener than the loudspeakers of the first set E1, because of their positioning in height, it is possible by this means to set a more limited number of loudspeakers. speakers for the set E2 that for the set El.
- the speakers HP2-1, HP2-2, ..., HP2-N of the second set E2 are more vertically oriented than the speakers HP1-1, HP1-2, HP1-N of the first set El.
- the “speakers HP2-1, HP2-2, ..., HP2-N of the second set E2 are more vertically oriented than the speakers HP1-1, HP1-2 , HP1-N of the first set El "that the average directivity of the speakers of the second set is greater than the average directivity of the speakers of the first set.
- omnidirectional loudspeakers for the first set E1
- the loudspeakers of the second set E2 are chosen with a vertical opening of between 10 ° and 60 °.
- the speakers HP2-1, HP2-2, ..., HP2-N of the second set E2 are primarily intended to provide the sound coverage of the part of the theater, or at least the audience, the farthest from the stage. To this end, they are oriented vertically towards the EXT end of the audience (which corresponds in Figure 3 at the back of the theater for the sake of simplification).
- the speakers HP1-1, HP1-2, HP1-P of the first set El are primarily intended to provide the sound coverage of the part of the theater, or at least the audience, placed at near the stage. To this end, they are mounted on the stage or just in front of the stage.
- They can be indifferently omnidirectional or directional vertically.
- the speakers of the first set El are directional vertically, they are oriented towards the front of the AUDIT part of the room, that is to say, towards the part located near the scene.
- the different loudspeakers of the sets E1 and E2 are powered by multichannel audio signals, denoted respectively Sl-1, Sl-2,..., Sl-P and S2-1, S2-2, S2-N, generated according to to the invention by the generation device 3 from the input audio signal S.
- the generation device 3 relies on various software modules, namely:
- a module 3A able to identify the positions of the different objects OBJ (or sources) sound included in the input signal S;
- Modules 3B1 and 3B2 capable of independently applying on the input signal S, a delay ⁇ 1 and a gain G1, and a delay ⁇ 2 and a gain G2 respectively.
- the delays ⁇ and ⁇ 2 can be positive, negative or zero, and the gains G1 and G2 can be lower, greater than or equal to 1; and
- Modules 3C1 and 3C2 capable of independently applying on the signals coming respectively from the modules 3B1 and 3B2, sound spatialization techniques noted respectively T1 and T2.
- the generation device 3 here has the hardware architecture of a computer, as schematically illustrated in FIG. 4.
- It comprises in particular a processor (or microprocessor) 4, a random access memory 5, a read-only memory 6, a non-volatile flash memory 7 as well as communication means 8 able to transmit and receive audio signals.
- the communication means 8 comprise, on the one hand, means for receiving the input audio signal S, and, on the other hand, an interface (wired or wireless) with the loudspeakers HP1-1, HP1-2, HP1-P of the set El and with the loudspeakers HP2-1, HP2-2, ..., HP2-N of the set E2 to provide them with the audio signals Sl-1, Sl-2, .. ., Sl-P and S2-1, S2-2, S2-N.
- These means are known to those skilled in the art and will not be described further here.
- the read-only memory 6 of the generation device 3 constitutes a recording medium in accordance with the invention, readable by the (micro) processor 4 and on which is recorded a computer program according to the invention, comprising instructions for performing the steps of a generation method described later with reference to Figure 5. It should be noted that no limitation is attached to the nature itself of the generation device 3.
- the generation device 3 may be in the form of a computer as illustrated in FIG. 4, or alternatively of an electronic chip or of an integrated circuit, in which the computer program comprising the instructions for carrying out the generation method according to the invention is incorporated.
- modules 3A, 3B1, 3B2, 3C1 and 3C2 on which the generation device 3 is based can alternatively be DSP (Digital Signal Processor) or FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) modules.
- DSP Digital Signal Processor
- FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- the generation device 3 receives the multichannel input audio signal S via its communication means 8 (step E10).
- the audio signal S is generated nor to its actual format.
- the generating device 3 is supplied, via a suitable interface, with the POS positions (OBJ) of the sound objects OBJ included in the signal S and that we want to restore.
- OBJ POS positions
- These positions are identified in a horizontal plane, namely in the horizontal plane in which the speakers of the first set are located (ie the scene plane SCENE here, S being obtained by capturing the played signals on the scene S), in terms of angle and distance with respect to a predetermined and predetermined point of origin.
- This interface is for example a graphical interface developed for this purpose allowing a user to interact with the device 3, or a communication interface developed with a mixer operating on the signal S.
- step E20 Obtaining these positions by the generation device 3 constitutes an identification step (step E20) of the position of at least one sound object of the input audio signal S within the meaning of the invention.
- the POS (OBJ) positions of the OBJ sound objects are identified directly by the generation device 3 and more specifically by the module 3A.
- the module 3A can use a position tracking device (or “tracking" in English) of sound objects present on the scene, known per se, and operating with optical and / or electromagnetic signals, and / or acoustic, etc.
- a position tracking device or "tracking" in English
- the module 3A of the generation device 3 implements a method of spatial analysis known per se, based on a decomposition of the signal S in sub-phase. frequency bands.
- module 3A Various spatial analysis methods can be used by module 3A.
- the module 3A can use a spatial analysis method based on the evaluation of correlations and level differences between the channels of the audio signal S.
- the module 3A may use a spatial analysis method based on the determination of a Gerzon vector representative of the input audio signal S, as described in US 2007/0269063.
- the Gerzon vector of a multichannel audio signal reflects in a known manner the spatial location of the multichannel audio signal as perceived by the listener from a given position.
- the module 3A can implement a spatial decomposition of the multichannel signal in spherical harmonics, as described in the document WO 2012/025580.
- This decomposition allows a very precise spatial analysis of the multichannel audio signal and the sound objects composing it.
- several sound objects can be identified for the same frequency subband.
- two types of processing are also applied by the generating device 3 to the input audio signal S to generate the signals intended to supply the two sets E1 and E2 of loudspeakers.
- the module 3B1 first applies to the input signal S, the delay ⁇ and the gain G1 previously mentioned (step E30). This delay ⁇ and this gain G1 have been chosen and supplied to the module 3B1 during a preliminary configuration or calibration step (step E_CALIB) described later.
- the signal SI resulting from the application of the delay ⁇ and the gain G1 on the signal S is then supplied by the module 3B1 to the module 3C1.
- the module 3C1 applies the sound spatialization technique T1 to the signal SI, and thus generates the plurality of signals Sl-1, Sl-2,..., Sl-P (step E40).
- the T1 technique is for example a holophonic technique of the wavefront synthesis type, also known under the name of Wave Field Synthesis (WFS) technique, as described in document EP 2 206 365 or in the document D E. Corteel cited above.
- WFS Wave Field Synthesis
- the position of the loudspeakers HP1-1, HP1-2, HP1-P of the set E1 can be determined by the generating device 3 itself, automatically or semi-automatically, using for example a position tracking device as described above.
- the signals Sl-1, Sl-2,..., Sl-P generated by the module 3C1 are then supplied to the loudspeakers HP1-1, HP1-2, HP1-P of the set El (step E50) for to be returned.
- the module 3B2 applies to the input signal S, the delay ⁇ 2 and gain G2 mentioned above (step E60), determined and supplied to the module 3B2 during the configuration step E_CALIB also.
- the same gain G2 and the same delay ⁇ 2 are applied here to all the channels of the input signal SIG.
- the signal S2 resulting from this operation is provided by the module 3B2 to the module 3C2.
- the latter applies to the signal S2 the sound spatialization technique T2, and thus generates the plurality of signals S2-1, S2-2, ..., S2-N (step E70).
- the T2 technique is for example also a holophonic technique of the WFS type as described in the document EP 2 206 365. It takes into account on the one hand the POS (OBJ) positions of the sound objects identified and provided by the module 3A. and on the other hand, the position of the speakers HP2-1, HP2-2, ..., HP2-N of the set E2, to create virtual sources from the loudspeakers HP2-1, HP2- 2, ..., HP2-N from the set E2 to the POS (OBJ) positions.
- POS POS
- modules 3C1 and 3C2 apply separate sound spatialization techniques T1 and T2 to the signals S1 and S2 for generating the signals intended to supply the two sets E1 and E2 of loudspeakers.
- the position of the speakers HP2-1, HP2-2, ..., HP2-N of the set E2 has, in the first embodiment described here, been provided to the device 3 of generation also during the step of preliminary configuration E_CALIB, by the installer of the set 1 rendering via the aforementioned user interface.
- the signals S2-1, S2-2, ..., S2-N generated by the module 3C2 are supplied to the loudspeakers HP2-1, HP2-2, ..., HP2-N of the set E2 (step E80), to be restored.
- the delays and the gains (T1, G1) and (T2, G2) applied to the input audio signal S by the modules 3B1 and 3B2 for respectively generating the signals Sl-1, Sl-2, ..., S1-P and S2-1, S2-2, ..., S2-N have been chosen, during the preliminary configuration step E_CALIB, so as to ensure that the combination, at a position of reference Pref (E1, E2) defined for the sets of speakers E1 and E2, signals restored by the first set E1 of the loudspeakers supplied by the signals S1-1, S1-2, ..., S1-P , and signals output by the second set E2 of loudspeakers fed by the signals S2-1, S2-2, ..., S2-N, verify a determined sound effect (in other words, desired, chosen).
- spatial position here we mean both a point in the space characterizing the position of a target listener in the room, and a wider area of the space in which is (are) likely to find one or more listeners.
- the choice of the reference position Pref (E1, E2) depends of course on several criteria, such as in particular the depth of the room in which the audio signal S is restored. It is chosen preferentially around the middle of the room, slightly shifted towards the stage.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an example of the choice of reference position Pref (E1, E2) for room R.
- the position Pref (E1, E2) can be chosen so as to guarantee that the vertical position of the second set E2 of loudspeakers perceived at this position Pref (E1, E2) is approximately equal to an angle (for example 45 °), selected to limit the vertical perception error;
- the position Pref (E1, E2) may coincide with the spatial position at which the sound level "naturally" restored (that is to say without applying gains to the signals) by each set of speakers E1 and E2 is similar;
- the position Pref (E1, E2) can also depend on the configuration of the room, and in particular the location, if necessary, of the seats intended for the listeners in the room (eg existence of corridors in the room, etc.).
- the delays and the gains applied to the input signal depend on the sound reproduction effect that it is desired to obtain at the reference position Pref (E1, E2) for the combination of the signals restored by the first set El and by the second set E2.
- the desired sound reproduction effect may be the arrival in phase coherence, at the reference spatial position Pref (E1, E2), of the signals restored by the first set El and of the signals restored by the second together E2.
- This phase coherence is ensured when the signals restored by the first set E1 and the signals restored by the second set E2 simultaneously arrive at the reference position Pref (E1, E2) with a similar sound level.
- FIG. 6 represents the variations in the propagation time of the signals broadcast by omnidirectional loudspeakers (the propagation time being independent of the vertical directivity of the loudspeakers), as a function of the distance to the scene, for a set of loudspeakers positioned at the stage level (solid line curve) and 6.0 m above the stage (dashed line curve).
- This figure illustrates the natural Haas effect, described above, which benefits the system 2 of restitution near the scene (delay offset near the scene).
- the gains Gl and G2 are chosen in order to ensure a sufficient sound level at the back of the room, while optimizing the vertical location of the sound objects restored to the reference position.
- the delays and the gains (T1, G1) and (T2, G2) making it possible to obtain such a desired sound reproduction effect at the reference position Pref (E1, E2) are chosen (ie adjusted) at the during the E_CALIB configuration step.
- This choice or adjustment can be made manually (for example experimentally, using sound level measurements) or automatically via numerical simulations.
- the delays ⁇ and ⁇ 2, and the gains G1 and G2, to be applied to the input audio signal S are determined and adjusted empirically in a second phase to obtain the desired sound reproduction effect.
- These delays ⁇ and ⁇ 2, and these gains Gl and G2 can be the subject of several tests, and be adjusted to each test, by trial and error.
- this second adjustment phase can be performed by simulation.
- the step E_CALIB may further comprise an ultimate phase of more precise adjustment of the delays and gains determined during the second phase, by using known signals, via new physical measurements and / or by numerical simulation.
- the setting of delays and gains can be made either globally or independently on each frequency band of a set of predefined frequency bands.
- a gain and a delay are determined per frequency band studied. This advantageously makes it possible to take into account the frequency dependence of the directivity of the loudspeakers of the second set E2.
- FIG. 7 illustrates various advantages provided by the set 1 of reproduction, in terms of variations of the sound level as a function of the distance of the listener with respect to the scene.
- the loudspeakers of the set E2 are directional loudspeakers vertically having a vertical opening of 90 °.
- FIG. 7 shows that, thanks to the use of directional loudspeakers for the set E2, the sound level of the signal restored by the set E2 perceived near the scene is less important (see curve in lines discontinued).
- the difference in sound levels between the signals restored by the set E1 (represented by the curve in solid line) and the signals restored by the set E2 is almost constant for distances to the scene greater than 8 m (setting in coherence of the sound levels reached by the invention), so that it is possible by appropriate choice delays ⁇ and ⁇ 2 to benefit from a Haas effect to the bottom of the room.
- the reproduction unit 1 comprises two sets of speakers E1 and E2.
- a plurality of audio signals for supplying this set of subwoofer type loudspeakers is generated by the generation device 3 by applying to the input audio signal:
- At least one delay and / or gain At least one delay and / or gain
- the delay and / or the gain thus applied are chosen so that the combination of the signals reproduced by the set of speakers of the subwoofer type and the signals restored by one of the sets E1 and E2 verify a restitution effect. sound determined at a reference spatial position defined for this set and for the set of speakers subwoofers type.
- the set El is a row of loudspeakers HP1-1, HP1-P located on the scene SCENE, at the height h1;
- the set E2 is a line of N loudspeakers HP2-1,..., HP2-N situated above the scene SCENE, at the height h2.
- the number N of speakers and their spacing depend on the width of the scene: N typically varies between 4 and 12 speakers, spaced from 80 cm to 5 m.
- the number P of loudspeakers of the set E1 is greater than or equal to the number N of loudspeakers of the set E2.
- the speakers HP2-1, ..., HP2-N are on average more vertically oriented than the speakers HP1-1, HP1-P of the set El. More precisely, in this example 1:
- the loudspeakers HP1-1, HP1-P of the set El have a vertical opening varying from 80 ° to 120 °, and are oriented towards the front of the stage (ie towards the front of the audience );
- the N loudspeakers HP2-1, ..., ⁇ 2- ⁇ of the set E2 have a vertical opening varying from 60 ° to 90 °, and are oriented towards the bottom of the room (part of the audience the further away from the scene).
- the modules 3C1 and 3C2 use techniques T1 and T2 of sound spatialization of the WFS type enabling the creation of virtual sources at the positions of the sound objects of the signal S identified by the module 3A. These positions are provided in Example 1 to Module 3A via a graphical user interface.
- the modules 3B1 and 3B2 are configured so as to apply a non-zero delay to the signal S and to attenuate it (gains G1, G2 less than 1).
- the gains and delays (T1, G1) and (T2, G2) respectively applied by the modules 3B1 and 3B2 are chosen so that the signals restored by the sets E1 and E2 at the reference position Pref (E1, E2) arrive with a similar sound level (within plus or minus 3 decibels), and simultaneously or almost simultaneously (with a tolerance of plus or minus 5 ms).
- the set El is a row of loudspeakers HP1-1, HP1-P located on the scene SCENE, at the height h1;
- the set E2 comprises N loudspeakers HP2-1,..., HP2-N of type "line array" in English (line source) located above the SCENE scene, at the height h2, and distributed on the along the stage.
- N 3
- loudspeakers are in a known manner particularly powerful and have a significant vertical directivity and thus a small opening.
- the number P of loudspeakers of the set El and the spacing between them depend on the width of the scene, and the distance separating the loudspeakers of the first set El from the loudspeakers of the second set E2: P varies typically between 4 and 30 speakers, spaced from 50 cm to 3 m.
- the loudspeakers HP2-1,..., HP2-N are on average more vertically oriented than the loudspeakers HP1-1, HP1-P of the set El. More precisely, in this case first example:
- the loudspeakers HP1-1, HP1-P of the set El have a vertical opening varying from 80 ° to 120 °, and are oriented towards the front of the stage (ie towards the front of the audience );
- the N loudspeakers HP2-1, ..., HP2-N of the set E2 have a vertical opening varying from 10 ° to 60 °, and are oriented towards the back of the room (part of the audience the further away from the scene).
- the 3C1 module uses a WFS type sound spatialization technique allowing the creation of virtual sources at the positions of the sources identified in the signal S by module 3A. These positions are provided in example 2 to module 3A via a mixer operating on the signal S.
- the module 3C2 uses a dynamic matrix mixing sound spatialization T2 technique in the form of a stereophonic intensity panning as a function of the position of the sound objects of the signal S identified by the module 3A.
- the modules 3B1 and 3B2 are configured so as to apply a non-zero delay to the signal S and to attenuate it (gains G1, G2 less than 1).
- the gains and delays (T1, G1) and (T2, G2) respectively applied by the modules 3B1 and 3B2 are chosen so that the signals restored by the sets E1 and E2 at the reference position Pref (E1, E2) arrive with a similar sound level (within plus or minus 3 decibels), and simultaneously or almost simultaneously (with a tolerance of plus or minus 5 ms).
- the set E comprises P loudspeakers HP1-1, HP1-P situated on the SCENE stage, at the height h1;
- the set E2 comprises N loudspeakers HP2-1,..., HP2-N of the "line array” type, located above the SCENE stage, at the height h2.
- the number N of loudspeakers and their spacing depend on the width of the scene: N typically varies between 4 and 12 loudspeakers, spaced from 80 cm to 5 m.
- the playback assembly 1 further comprises in this example a set designated by Elow of L speakers HPIow-1, HPlow-L low-frequency (subwoofers) arranged on or below the scene SCENE.
- the number P of loudspeakers of the set El and the spacing between them depend on the width of the scene, and the distance separating the loudspeakers of the first set El from the loudspeakers of the second set E2: P varies typically between 4 and 30 speakers, spaced from 50 cm to 3 m.
- the loudspeakers HP2-1,..., HP2-N are on average more vertically oriented than the loudspeakers HP1-1, HP1-P of the set El. More precisely, in this case first example:
- the loudspeakers HP1-1, HP1-P of the set El have a vertical dispersion varying from 80 ° to 120 °, and are oriented towards the front of the stage (ie towards the front of the audience );
- the N loudspeakers HP2-1,..., HP2-N of the set E2 have a vertical dispersion ranging from 10 ° to 60 °, and are oriented toward the back of the room (part of the audience the further away from the scene).
- the module 3C1 uses a sound spatialization technique T1 of the WFS type enabling the creation of virtual sources at the positions of the sound objects identified in the signal S by the module 3A.
- the module 3C2 uses a technique T2 of sound spatialization of WFS type also allowing the creation of virtual sources at the positions of the sound objects identified in the signal S by the module 3A.
- the T2 technique is for example a WFS technique as described in the document E. Corteel cited above, so as to compensate for the horizontal directivity characteristics of the line array loudspeakers of the E2 set.
- the positions of the sound objects of the signal S are identified directly here by the module 3A by means of a device for tracking the positions of the sound objects present on the SCENE stage (eg instruments or characters, etc.).
- the generation device 3 further comprises, according to this example, a 3Blow module adapted to apply a gain and a delay to the input audio signal S, and a 3Clow module capable of applying a low-pass filtering to the signal from the 3Blow module for generate signals to power the Elow speakers.
- a 3Blow module adapted to apply a gain and a delay to the input audio signal S
- a 3Clow module capable of applying a low-pass filtering to the signal from the 3Blow module for generate signals to power the Elow speakers.
- the modules 3B1, 3B2 and 3Blow are configured so as to apply a non-zero delay to the signal S and attenuate it (gains lower than 1).
- the gains and delays (T1, G1) and (T2, G2) respectively applied by the modules 3B1 and 3B2 are chosen so that the signals restored by the set E2 arrive with an offset of 10 or 20 ms with respect to the restored signals.
- the set E1 at the reference position Pref (E1, E2) with a similar sound level (within plus or minus 3 decibels), so as to benefit from the Haas effect described in the document by Blauert et al. cited previously.
- the delay and gain applied by the 3Blow module are chosen so that the signals restored by the Elow and El sets at a reference spatial position Pref (Elow, El) defined for the Elow and El sets (similar to the position Pref (El, E2)) arrive with a similar sound level (within plus or minus 3 decibels) in their respective frequency bands, and simultaneously or almost simultaneously (with a tolerance of plus or minus 5 ms).
- FIGS. 8 to 10 a second embodiment of the invention in which, for the reproduction of the input audio signal S, a sound reproduction assembly comprising three sets of loudspeakers is considered. El, E2 and E3, the sets E2 and E3 acting as sets of booster speakers.
- FIG. 8 represents, in its environment, a set 1 of sound reproduction, according to the invention, in this second embodiment.
- FIGS. 8 to 10 The elements similar to the first embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5 are referenced identically in FIGS. 8 to 10.
- the set of sound reproduction comprises:
- a sound reproduction system 2 ' comprising a plurality of loudspeakers; and A device 3 'for generating audio signals intended to supply the loudspeakers of the sound reproduction system 2'.
- the sound reproduction system 2 'differs from the sound reproduction system 2 illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 in that it also comprises a third set E3 of K loudspeakers, denoted HP3-1, HP3-2, .. ., HP3-K, where K is a positive integer greater than 1.
- the loudspeakers HP3-1, HP3-2,..., HP3-K are positioned at a height h3 greater than the reference height h1, in a vertical plane located closer to the bottom of the room as the vertical plane in which are positioned the speakers of the set E2.
- the loudspeakers of the set E3 can be omnidirectional chosen, if the set E3 is intended to compensate for the presence of masking elements such as balconies for example, or on the contrary they can be chosen more directive on average vertically than the El set loudspeakers, and be oriented, similar to the speakers of the set E2 to the bottom of the room.
- the number K of loudspeakers in the third set E3 may be equal to or distinct from the numbers P and N of loudspeakers in the sets E1 and E2.
- the various loudspeakers of the set E3 are powered by multichannel audio signals, denoted respectively S3-1, S3-2,..., S3-K generated by the device 3 'of generation from the audio signal of entrance S.
- the device 3 'of generation is based on:
- the module 3B3 adapted to apply on the signal S, a delay ⁇ 3 and a gain G3, identical here on each channel of the signal S;
- the module 3C3 capable of applying to the signal from the module 3B3 a sound spatialization technique T3.
- the device 3 'of generation here has the hardware architecture of a computer, similar to that of the generation device 3 described above with reference to FIG. 4.
- the means of communication of the device 3' of generation are however distinguished from the means communication device of the generation device 3 further comprising an interface (wired or wireless) with the speakers HP3-1, HP3-2, ..., HP3- of the assembly E3.
- the ROM of the device 3 'of generation constitutes a recording medium according to the invention, readable by the (micro) processor of the device 3' and on which is recorded a computer program according to the invention, comprising instructions for performing the steps of a generation method now described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 10 illustrates the main steps of a generation method according to the invention, as implemented, in the second embodiment, by the device 3 'for generating on reception of the input audio signal S , to generate and provide the signals S1-1, S1-2, ..., S1-P, S2-1, S2-2, S2-N and S3-1, S3-2, S3-K to the sets E1, E2 and E3 of high- speakers respectively.
- step E10 the generation device 3 'receives the multichannel input audio signal S via its communication means.
- the device 3 'of generation via a suitable interface, the positions designated by POS (OBJ) of the sound objects OBJ included in the signal S and which it is desired to restore (step E20).
- These treatments are applied independently for each set of loudspeakers, via three distinct signal processing chains comprising for the first, the module 3B1 and the module 3C1, for the second, the module 3B2 and the module 3C2, and for the third , module 3B3 and module 3C3. These three treatment chains preferentially operate simultaneously.
- the module 3B3 applies to the signal S the delay ⁇ 3 and the gain G3 mentioned above (step E90), thereby generating a signal S3.
- This delay ⁇ 3 and this gain G3 have been determined and supplied to the module 3B3 during a preliminary configuration step E_CALIB 'described later.
- the module 3C3 then applies to the signal S3 supplied at the output of the module, the sound spatialization technique T3 (step E100), thereby generating the plurality of signals S3-1, S3-2, ..., S3-K.
- the technique T3 is for example a holophonic technique of the WFS type as described in document EP 2 206 365. It takes into account firstly the POS positions (OBJ) of the sound objects identified and provided by the module 3A, and on the other hand, the position of the HP3-1, HP3-2, ..., HP3-K speakers in the E3 set, to create virtual sources from the HP3-1, HP3-2 loudspeakers , ..., HP3-K from the E3 set to the POS (OBJ) positions.
- OBJ POS positions
- the signals S3-1, S3-2, ..., S3-K generated by the module 3C3 are supplied to the speakers HP3-1, HP3-2, ..., HP3-K of the set E3 (step E110), to be restored.
- the delays ⁇ , ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3, and the gains Gl, G2 and G3 are chosen by considering the sets of speakers El, E2 and E3 two by two. More precisely, they are chosen so as to verify:
- This spatial position Pref (E2, E3) can be defined according to criteria similar to those adopted to define the spatial position Pref (E1, E2) described above.
- the combination of the signals restored by the sets E1 and E3 may be considered instead of the sets E2 and E3.
- the preliminary configuration step E_CALIB takes place in two stages, during which we consider the sets E1 and E2 respectively, and the sets E2 and E3 on the other hand.
- the final phase of adjustment can, on the other hand, take into account the signals restored by the three sets in order to be more precise in the estimation of the delays ⁇ , ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3 and of the gains Gl, G2, and G3.
- the setting of delays and gains can be made either globally or independently on each frequency band of a set of predefined frequency bands.
- a gain and a delay are determined per frequency band studied. This advantageously makes it possible to take into account the frequency dependence of the directivity of the loudspeakers of the second set E2 and, if appropriate, of the third set E3.
- the restitution unit comprises three sets E1, E2 and E3, two sets of which act as a set of return speakers for room R.
- the invention is not limited to two sets of booster speakers, and it is possible, within the context of the invention, to consider adding other sets E4, E5, ... of loudspeakers. recall in the room.
- the delays and / or the gains applied by the device 3 'of generation to generate the signals intended to supply these sets will be chosen in a manner similar to the delay and the gain applied by the module 3B3, that is to say, considering the sets of speakers of the reproduction system in pairs (eg El with E2, then E2 with E3, then E3 with E4, etc.).
- the set E comprises P loudspeakers HP1-1, HP1-P situated on the SCENE stage, at the height h1;
- the set E2 comprises N loudspeakers HP2-1,..., HP2-N situated above the scene SCENE, at the height h2.
- the number N of loudspeakers and their spacing depend on the width of the scene: N typically varies between 4 and 12 loudspeakers, spaced from 80 cm to 5 m;
- the E3 set includes K speakers HP3-1, ..., HP3-K arranged in the room, above the audience, in the middle of the AUDIT part.
- the number K of loudspeakers and their spacing depend on the width of the scene: K typically varies between 4 and 12 loudspeakers, spaced from 80 cm to 5 m.
- the speakers HP2-1, ..., HP2-N are on average more directional vertically than the speakers HP1-1, HP1-P of the set El. More precisely, in this example 4:
- the loudspeakers HP1-1, HP1-P of the set El have a vertical opening varying from 80 ° to 120 °, and are oriented towards the front of the stage (ie towards the front of the audience );
- the N loudspeakers HP2-1, ..., HP2-N of the set E2 have a vertical opening varying from 60 ° to 90 °, and are oriented towards the back of the room (part of the audience the further away from the scene).
- the K loudspeakers HP3-1,..., HP3-K of the set E3 are also on average more directional vertically than the loudspeakers HP1-1, HP1-P of the El set. They have a vertical opening varying from 60 ° to 90 °, and are also directed towards the back of the room (part of the audience furthest away from the stage).
- the modules 3C1, 3C2 and 3C3 use techniques T1, T2 and T3 for sound spatialization of the WFS type enabling the creation of virtual sources at the positions of the objects identified in the signal S by the module 3A. These positions are provided in Example 4 to Module 3A via a graphical user interface.
- the modules 3B1, 3B2 and 3B3 are configured so as to apply a non-zero delay to the signal S and attenuate it (gains G1, G2 and G3 less than 1).
- the gains and delays (T1, G1) and (T2, G2) respectively applied by the modules 3B1 and 3B2 are chosen so that the signals restored by the sets E1 and E2 at the reference position Pref (E1, E2) arrive with a similar sound level (within plus or minus 3 decibels), and simultaneously or almost simultaneously (with a tolerance of plus or minus 5 ms).
- the delay and the gain (T3, G3) applied by the module 3B3 are chosen so that the signals restored by the sets E2 and E3 at the reference position Pref (E2, E3) arrive with a similar sound level (within plus or minus 3 decibels) in their respective frequency bands, and simultaneously or almost simultaneously (with a tolerance of plus or minus 5 ms).
- the position Pref (E2, E3) is chosen farther from the SCENE scene than the position Pref (E1, E2), towards the back of the room.
- the gain / delay application and the application of the sound spatialization technique on the input audio signal are implemented in separate steps by separate modules.
- these two processes can be performed simultaneously by the same module (i.e. by the modules 3C1, 3C2 and optionally 3C3 respectively), during the application of the sound spatialization technique.
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FR1259126A FR2996095B1 (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2012-09-27 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR GENERATING AUDIO SIGNALS TO BE PROVIDED TO A SOUND RECOVERY SYSTEM |
PCT/FR2013/052256 WO2014049268A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2013-09-25 | Method and device for generating audio signals to be delivered to a sound reproduction system |
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US8379868B2 (en) | 2006-05-17 | 2013-02-19 | Creative Technology Ltd | Spatial audio coding based on universal spatial cues |
EP2056627A1 (en) | 2007-10-30 | 2009-05-06 | SonicEmotion AG | Method and device for improved sound field rendering accuracy within a preferred listening area |
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