EP2894719B1 - Device for diverting a short-circuit current - Google Patents
Device for diverting a short-circuit current Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2894719B1 EP2894719B1 EP15150736.5A EP15150736A EP2894719B1 EP 2894719 B1 EP2894719 B1 EP 2894719B1 EP 15150736 A EP15150736 A EP 15150736A EP 2894719 B1 EP2894719 B1 EP 2894719B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rail vehicle
- profile body
- grounding
- clamp
- vehicle according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
- H01R4/64—Connections between or with conductive parts having primarily a non-electric function, e.g. frame, casing, rail
- H01R4/643—Connections between or with conductive parts having primarily a non-electric function, e.g. frame, casing, rail for rigid cylindrical bodies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device which is suitable for guiding electrical lines or as a holding device for persons and a rail vehicle having such a device.
- electrical cables such as cables or cables
- Rail vehicles In or on profiled bodies, such as, for example, railway vehicles.
- Metal pipes especially laid in aluminum pipes.
- a grounding is also known in the field of hose technology.
- DE3543233 discloses a contact part for hoses with metal insert, consisting of a base ring with a discharge device made of electrically conductive material, which can be electrically connected by a dimensioned in the diameter of the metal insert of the hose cutting lip with the metal insert of the hose.
- the grounding can be done via a grounding clamp, which is connected to the base ring via an externally applied drainage lug.
- DE 10 2005 003 654 A1 relates to a power cable support structure for a vehicle, comprising power cables having at least two different outer diameters and comprising at least two cables for each outer diameter, a metal protective tube into which the power cables are inserted, wherein in the protective tube, the power cables with a small outer diameter in the interstices are arranged between the outer surface of the power cable with a large outer diameter and the inner surface of the protective tube.
- the thermowell is grounded through a braided shield covering motor power cables.
- US 2,913,699 concerns the earthing of a pipeline in airplanes by means of a flexible grounding line fitted on the outside with a clip on the pipeline.
- the object of the invention is to provide a solution to these problems.
- the device is used in the rail vehicle for guiding electrical lines, in particular cables.
- the profile body may be referred to as a guide body, mounting body or holding body.
- the device for guiding electrical lines in or on the substructure of the rail vehicle can be used particularly advantageously.
- a particularly preferred application is the cable routing of the train busbar.
- the profile body can be attached to a substructure, in particular on a subframe, of the rail vehicle (especially a car body) or fastened there. The attachment there can be done with the mentioned fastener.
- the device is also usable in the rail vehicle as a holding device for persons, wherein the profile body is used for holding or by persons.
- the holding device thus has a mentioned earthing clamp, which serves to dissipate a current and a fastening means with which the holding device can be attached to an object or substrate.
- Specific examples are railings, handrails, for example, at railway facilities, which are covered with overhead lines, and handrails in rail vehicles and other vehicles, especially public transport.
- the clamp By using a grounding clamp the disadvantages of a welded grounding described above are avoided.
- a clamp Under a clamp an object is understood, which engages around the electrically conductive profile body.
- the clamp has a clamping device, by means of which the clamp the surface of the profile body can be pressed, so that a non-positive connection and preferably also positive connection can be produced.
- said earthing clamp and the fastening means for fastening the profile body to a load-bearing object or ground are separate parts.
- the fastener is therefore not needed to ground the profile body.
- the grounding does not have to be ensured via the fastening means.
- no electrical connection must be ensured via the fastening means.
- Changes in the attachment such as in the overhaul or maintenance of a rail vehicle, thus can not unintentionally lead to the loss of grounding contact.
- the fastening means can be screwed to a substrate, wherein care must not be taken that a sufficient electrical line for the purpose of grounding is ensured by the screw.
- the earthing clamp does not serve to fasten the elongated profile body.
- the mentioned profile body is an elongated body.
- the profile body as a conductive material on metal, preferably predominantly metal, or consists of metal.
- the profile body is made of steel or aluminum.
- a profile body of a first metal may be coated on at least the outside with another conductive metal.
- An example of this is a galvanized steel.
- the shape of the profile body is not limited.
- the profile body is rigid.
- the cross-sectional shape of the profile body is not limited.
- the profile body may be solid or hollow inside.
- a hollow profile is preferably such that a flow can flow from the inside to the outside.
- the inside and the outside in other words the surfaces on the inside and on the outside, are electrically conductive.
- Examples of a solid profile body are a rod, a rod, a T-profile or a rail. These profiles can be used advantageously for the attachment of electrical cables.
- electrical lines can be arranged within a rail.
- An example of this is a C-shaped rail.
- Another example is a roundish rail, for example in cross-section in the form of a circle segment.
- rods or rails are also suitable as a holding device for persons, for example as railings.
- the profile body is a hollow profile body, in particular a tube or an angular hollow profile. Particularly preferred is a steel or aluminum tube.
- a hollow profile body one or more electrical lines, in particular cables, can be guided. The electrical lines are, as with other forms of the profile body, preferably provided with an insulation.
- the mentioned earthing clamp is preferably made of metal, in particular of stainless steel.
- a current is transferable from the profile body to the grounding clamp, i. transferable from the outside of the profile body on the clamp.
- the earthing clamp is in electrical contact with the outside of the profile body.
- the outside of the profile body is conductive for electrical power.
- the device includes a flexible grounding line coupled to the grounding clamp, which may mean a direct or indirect conductive connection to the grounding clamp, such that a current may drain from the grounding clamp via the grounding line.
- the grounding line can be clamped, screwed, soldered or welded to the clamp.
- the grounding clamp and the grounding lead may be connected via a cable lug which is clamped to the grounding clamp.
- a preferred material for the grounding line is copper.
- the cross sections of the grounding line and the grounding clamp are adjusted to the desired current conductivity for deriving a short-circuit current.
- the cross-sectional area of the grounding clamp is preferably at least 50 mm 2 , more preferably at least 60 mm 2 , even more preferably at least 100 mm 2 . The Meaning and definition of the cross-sectional area is explained with reference to the embodiments.
- the cross section of the grounding line is preferably at least 10 mm 2 , more preferably at least 16 mm 2 , even more preferably at least 25 mm 2 or at least 35 mm 2 and most preferably at least 50 mm 2 .
- the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the grounding line to the cross-sectional area of the grounding clip corresponds to the ratio of the conductivity of the material of the grounding line to the conductivity of the material of the grounding clip.
- the above-mentioned cross sections of the earthing line can be varied with these ratios.
- the aforementioned cross sections of the earthing clamps can be varied with the mentioned ratios. Maximum short-circuit temperatures and short-circuit currents achievable with the selected cross-sectional areas are mentioned in the example section.
- At least one layer of a corrosion-protecting, conductive material is arranged between the grounding clamp and the profile body.
- this material protects the profile body from corrosion when the profile body is made of, for example, a less noble metal than the grounding clamp.
- the layer is made of a conductive grease, also referred to as contact grease.
- An advantage of such a fat is that it does not have to be renewed for at least 30 years.
- the surface of the profile body is cleaned before application of the fat, for example with an organic solvent, in particular alcohol.
- the layer is made of a metal that is nobler than the metal from which the profile body or at least the surface of the profile body is made.
- the layer is made of tin, copper, zinc, or a combination thereof.
- a specific example is a copper layer that has a tin coating.
- the profile body may be coated with such a metal layer, in particular a tin, copper or zinc layer, at least where the grounding clamp is attached to the profile body.
- the variants described can be combined: One or more metal layers can be combined with a layer of grease.
- the fastening means is a mounting clamp, for example a pipe clamp, when the profile body is a pipe.
- the fastening means in particular a fastening clamp, is electrically conductive. It is possible in this case that a short-circuit current is also dissipated via the fastening means. However, this derivation of the short-circuit current via fastening means is redundant, since the earthing clamp is already sufficiently dimensioned for the purpose of dissipating the current. Furthermore, the fastening means has a higher resistance than the earthing clamp, in order to guide the flow of current substantially via the earthing clamp.
- an insulating means may be provided between a conductive fastening means and the profile body. However, this is not essential.
- the rail vehicle according to the invention is in particular a tram, a locomotive, a railcar, a wagon or a train combination, comprising the device described above.
- the device is arranged on the substructure of the rail vehicle, in particular on a subframe.
- the device is attached to the substructure of the rail vehicle, in particular to a subframe.
- the earthing clamp and a conductive part of the rail vehicle, in particular a conductive part of a substructure, undercarriage or a car body are connected to each other via the already described flexible grounding line, for example a wire mesh or wire rope.
- at least one electrical line of the rail vehicle is preferably arranged, in particular a train busbar.
- the device according to the invention is used as a holding device for persons, then it is preferably arranged in the interior of a rail vehicle, for example in the form of a holding rod.
- the invention discloses the use of the device described above for deriving a short-circuit current.
- a short-circuit current is derived from the profile body via the earthing clamp and the flexible grounding line.
- the device can be used as a grounded device for guiding Lines or used as a grounded holding device for persons, as previously discussed.
- Fig. 1 shows a device for a rail vehicle according to the invention with an electrically conductive profile body 2, in this case a tube (see Fig. 2 ).
- an electrically conductive profile body 2 in this case a tube (see Fig. 2 ).
- the earthing clamps 3 are each clamped with clamping screws 4 to the tube 2, wherein by means of the clamping screws 4 and a respective cable lug 5 is attached to the clamp.
- a grounding line is attached, which in Fig. 2 is shown in more detail.
- the layer 6 may be, for example, a layer of conductive grease or a layer of a nobler metal, in particular tin or zinc, with which the tube 2 is coated. It suffices a coating in the area where the clamps 3 are clamped.
- a fastener 8 in the form of a mounting clamp with a part encompassing the tube 2 and two laterally protruding tabs 10, each having a bore 11.
- the device 1 can be attached, for example, to the substructure of a rail vehicle, as in Fig. 3 shown.
- earthing clamps 3 and the fastener 8 are only exemplary. There may be more than the fastener 8 shown and more be present as the grounding clamps 3 shown. Further, the tube 2 may be made longer than in Fig. 1 shown.
- the device may further comprise a plurality of profile body 2, which adjoin one another.
- the width of the earthing clamps 3 is indicated by the arrow B. Depending on the short-circuit current to be dissipated, the width B of the earthing clamp can be chosen differently.
- the cross section of the earthing clamp 3 results from the width B times the in Fig. 2 shown thickness D of the grounding clamp. 3
- Fig. 2 shows a cross section through the device 1, more precisely a cross section through the grounding point 3 and the tube 2. It can be seen how the clamp 3 is clamped by means of the fastening screw 4 and the nut 12 to the tube 2. Furthermore, stiffening webs 7 are shown. At the fixed with the screw 4 on the clamp 3 lug 5 is a grounding line 13, preferably made of copper braid attached. Between the tube 2 and the clamp 3, the layer 6 is arranged from a corrosion-protective, conductive material.
- an electrical line 15 is laid, comprising an insulation 16 and a conductive core 17.
- the line 15 is a line of a Switzerlandsammelschiene. In the example only one line is shown and others can be present. If the insulation 16 is damaged, short-circuiting, that is to say the current flow from the conductive core 17 to the pipe 2, can occur. The short-circuit current is conducted via the surface of the tube 2 and the conductive intermediate layer 6 on the earthing clamp 3 and flows through the cable lug 5 and the grounding line 13 from.
- Fig. 3 shows a view from below of the undercarriage of a rail car.
- Fig. 3 shows the attachment of the device 1 to the substructure of a rail vehicle in a sectional view.
- the previously explained tube 2 is fastened by means of two earthing clamps 8 to cross members 20 of a lower frame.
- the attachment is done here by screwing.
- the grounding clamp 3, already based Fig. 1 has been explained, does not serve the attachment, so it is not connected to any part of the substructure or subframe and only clamped to the tube 2.
- the grounding line 13 is guided to the longitudinal member 21 of the undercarriage and secured thereto.
- a schematically illustrated grounding tab 22 is fastened, for example welded, to the longitudinal member 21.
- the grounding line 13 is attached, for example by means of a screw or welding.
- a section of a base frame is shown.
- a plurality of pipe sections 2 may be arranged on the underframe, which are preferably arranged in each case in alignment with one another axially, so that a device 1 according to the invention may be composed of several pipe sections 2.
- Per pipe section preferably two grounding clamps 3 are used, with very short pipes depending on the technical requirement, if necessary, a grounding clamp is sufficient.
- the fastening clamps 8 are conductive, ie they could also lead to a short circuit on the pipe 2 to the underframe, they have a higher electrical resistance than the earthing clamps, since the short-circuit current is to be derived predominantly via the earthing clamps 3. Insulation may be provided between the cross member 20 and the mounting clips 8 to prevent current flow, but this is not necessary. In particular, insulation is not necessary if the fastening clamps 8 have a higher electrical resistance than the grounding clamp 3.
- a Switzerlandsammelschiene can be arranged in the interior of the tube 2.
- any other electrical line may be disposed in the tube 2, for example an electrical line for a brake.
- exemplary cross sections for a ground clamp and exemplary cross sections for a ground line 13 are shown in Table 1.
- the cross section is calculated from the in Fig. 1 shown width B, a clamp 3 multiplied by the in Fig. 2 shown thickness D.
- the maximum short circuit currents and maximum short circuit temperatures shown in Table 1 are possible.
- the cross section of the ground wire 13 can be chosen differently. For a 60 mm 2 clamp cross section, the optimum cross section of the copper cable is 16 mm 2, and for a 100 mm 2 clamp cross section, the maximum cross section of the copper cable is 50 mm 2 .
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
- Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung die zur Führung von elektrischen Leitungen oder als Haltevorrichtung für Personen verwendbar ist und ein Schienenfahrzeug, das eine solche Vorrichtung aufweist.The invention relates to a device which is suitable for guiding electrical lines or as a holding device for persons and a rail vehicle having such a device.
Zum Schutz vor mechanischen Beschädigungen werden elektrische Leitungen, wie beispielsweise Leitungen mit Isolierung bzw. Kabel, in Schienenfahrzeugen häufig in oder an Profilkörpern, wie z.B. Metallrohren, insbesondere in Aluminiumrohren verlegt.For protection against mechanical damage, electrical cables, such as cables or cables, are often used in rail vehicles in or on profiled bodies, such as, for example, railway vehicles. Metal pipes, especially laid in aluminum pipes.
Wird die elektrische Leitung dennoch beschädigt, insbesondere eine Isolation, kann ein Strom auf das Rohr oder Schiene übertragen werden und ein unerwünschter Kurzschluss entstehen, was insbesondere bei Hochspannungsleitungen sehr problematisch ist. Zur Sicherheit werden die Rohre oder Schienen, worin oder woran die Leitungen geführt sind, geerdet.If the electrical line is still damaged, in particular insulation, a current can be transmitted to the pipe or rail and an undesirable short circuit occur, which is very problematic especially in high-voltage lines. For safety, the pipes or rails in which or on which the lines are routed are grounded.
Eine Erdung ist auch aus dem Bereich der Schlauchtechnik bekannt.
Die Erdung stellt im Fall von Aluminiumrohren eine besondere Herausforderung dar, da hier mehrere Faktoren eine einwandfreie Erdung schwierig machen. Die wesentlichen Anforderungen für Erdungsverbindungen auf Schienenfahrzeugen sind folgende:
- Die Kurzschlussstromtragfähigkeit der Verbindung muss dem maximal möglichen Kurzschlussstrom entsprechen.
- Die Erdungsverbindung muss überprüfbar sein.
- The short-circuit current carrying capacity of the connection must correspond to the maximum possible short-circuit current.
- The grounding connection must be verifiable.
Die Anbringung von Erdungsleitungen an Rohren oder Schienen kann durch Anschweißen erfolgen. Elektrische Verbindungen insbesondere zu Aluminiumrohren sind aber so nicht einfach zu realisieren. Anschweißteile für Aluminiumrohre sind teuer und unhandlich.The attachment of earthing cables to pipes or rails can be done by welding. However, electrical connections in particular to aluminum pipes are not so easy to implement. Welded parts for aluminum pipes are expensive and unwieldy.
Ferner ist eine elektrische und mechanische Anbindung von Erdungsleitungen an hohle Profilkörper mit dünner Wandung mittels Schweißen unvorteilhaft, da durch die eingetragene Energie eine thermische Verformung auftreten kann. Im Inneren des Profilkörpers können Schadstellen entstehen und im Inneren des Profilkörpers verlegte elektrische Leitungen können an diesen Schadstellen während des Betriebes aufgescheuert werden.Furthermore, an electrical and mechanical connection of grounding lines to hollow profiled bodies with a thin wall by means of welding is unfavorable, since a thermal deformation can occur due to the registered energy. In the interior of the profile body damaged areas may arise and laid in the interior of the profile body electrical lines can be chafed at these damaged areas during operation.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist, eine Lösung für diese Probleme anzugeben.The object of the invention is to provide a solution to these problems.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Schienenfahrzeug nach Anspruch 1. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in Unteransprüchen angegeben.The object is achieved by a rail vehicle according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in subclaims.
Angegeben wird von der Erfindung somit ein Schienenfahrzeug, aufweisend eine Vorrichtung, aufweisend
- einen elektrisch leitfähigen Profilkörper, insbesondere aufweisend oder bestehend aus Metall,
- eine elektrische Leitung, die in oder an dem Profilkörper angeordnet ist,
- zumindest eine den Profilkörper außen umgreifende elektrisch leitfähige Erdungsschelle, wobei ein Strom von der Außenseite des Profilkörpers auf die Erdungsschelle übertragbar ist,
- zumindest ein Befestigungsmittel womit der Profilkörper an einem tragfähigen Gegenstand oder Untergrund befestigt ist,
wobei - eine flexible Erdungsleitung mit der Erdungsschelle gekoppelt ist, und die Erdungsschelle über die flexible Erdungsleitung mit einem leitfähigen Teil des Schienenfahrzeugs verbunden ist,
- das Befestigungsmittel elektrisch leitfähig ist und das Befestigungsmittel einen höheren Widerstand aufweist als die Erdungsschelle.
- an electrically conductive profile body, in particular comprising or consisting of metal,
- an electrical line arranged in or on the profile body,
- at least one electrically conductive earthing clamp which encompasses the outside of the profile body, wherein a current can be transmitted from the outside of the profile body to the grounding clamp,
- at least one fastening means with which the profile body is fastened to a load-bearing object or ground,
in which - a flexible grounding line is coupled to the grounding clip, and the grounding clip is connected to a conductive portion of the railroading vehicle via the flexible grounding line;
- the fastener is electrically conductive and the fastener has a higher resistance than the grounding clamp.
Die Vorrichtung wird in dem Schienenfahrzeug zur Führung von elektrischen Leitungen, insbesondere Kabeln, verwendet. In diesem Zusammenhang kann der Profilkörper als Führungskörper, Befestigungskörper oder Haltekörper bezeichnet werden. Besonders vorteilhaft einsetzbar ist die Vorrichtung zur Führung von elektrischen Leitungen im oder am Unterbau des Schienenfahrzeugs. Eine besonders bevorzugte Anwendung ist die Leitungsverlegung der Zugsammelschiene. Der Profilkörper kann an einem Unterbau, insbesondere an einem Untergestell, des Schienenfahrzeugs (speziell eines Wagenkastens) befestigt werden oder dort befestigt sein. Die Befestigung dort kann mit dem erwähnten Befestigungsmittel erfolgen.The device is used in the rail vehicle for guiding electrical lines, in particular cables. In this context, the profile body may be referred to as a guide body, mounting body or holding body. The device for guiding electrical lines in or on the substructure of the rail vehicle can be used particularly advantageously. A particularly preferred application is the cable routing of the train busbar. The profile body can be attached to a substructure, in particular on a subframe, of the rail vehicle (especially a car body) or fastened there. The attachment there can be done with the mentioned fastener.
Die Vorrichtung ist in dem Schienenfahrzeug außerdem verwendbar als Haltevorrichtung für Personen, wobei zum Festhalten von oder durch Personen der Profilkörper dient. Die Haltevorrichtung weist somit eine erwähnte Erdungsschelle auf, die zur Ableitung eines Stromes dient und ein Befestigungsmittel, mit dem die Haltevorrichtung an einem Gegenstand oder Untergrund befestigt werden kann. Spezielle Beispiele sind Geländer, Handläufe, beispielsweise an bahnbetrieblichen Einrichtungen, die mit Oberleitungen überspannt sind, und Haltestangen in Schienenfahrzeugen und anderweitigen Fahrzeugen, insbesondere des öffentlichen Nahverkehrs.The device is also usable in the rail vehicle as a holding device for persons, wherein the profile body is used for holding or by persons. The holding device thus has a mentioned earthing clamp, which serves to dissipate a current and a fastening means with which the holding device can be attached to an object or substrate. Specific examples are railings, handrails, for example, at railway facilities, which are covered with overhead lines, and handrails in rail vehicles and other vehicles, especially public transport.
Durch die Verwendung einer Erdungsschelle werden die eingangs beschriebenen Nachteile einer angeschweißten Erdung vermieden. Unter einer Schelle wird ein Gegenstand verstanden, der den elektrisch leitfähigen Profilkörper umgreift. Vorzugsweise weist die Schelle eine Klemmeinrichtung auf, mittels derer die Schelle an die Oberfläche des Profilkörpers gepresst werden kann, sodass eine kraftschlüssige Verbindung und vorzugsweise auch formschlüssige Verbindung herstellbar ist.By using a grounding clamp the disadvantages of a welded grounding described above are avoided. Under a clamp an object is understood, which engages around the electrically conductive profile body. Preferably, the clamp has a clamping device, by means of which the clamp the surface of the profile body can be pressed, so that a non-positive connection and preferably also positive connection can be produced.
Nach einer weiteren grundlegenden Idee der Erfindung sind die genannte Erdungsschelle und das Befestigungsmittel zur Befestigung des Profilkörpers an einem tragfähigen Gegenstand oder Untergrund voneinander getrennte Teile. Das Befestigungsmittel wird demgemäß nicht zur Erdung des Profilkörpers benötigt. Die Erdung muss nicht über das Befestigungsmittel sichergestellt werden. Somit muss über das Befestigungsmittel keine elektrische Verbindung sichergestellt werden. Änderungen in der Befestigung, beispielsweise bei der Überholung oder Wartung eines Schienenfahrzeugs, können somit nicht ungewollt zum Verlust des Erdungskontaktes führen. Beispielsweise kann das Befestigungsmittel an einem Untergrund angeschraubt werden, wobei nicht darauf geachtet werden muss, dass durch die Schraubverbindung eine ausreichende elektrische Leitung zwecks Erdung sichergestellt ist. Umgekehrt muss erfindungsgemäß die Erdungsschelle nicht der Befestigung des langgestreckten Profilkörpers dienen.According to another basic idea of the invention, said earthing clamp and the fastening means for fastening the profile body to a load-bearing object or ground are separate parts. The fastener is therefore not needed to ground the profile body. The grounding does not have to be ensured via the fastening means. Thus, no electrical connection must be ensured via the fastening means. Changes in the attachment, such as in the overhaul or maintenance of a rail vehicle, thus can not unintentionally lead to the loss of grounding contact. For example, the fastening means can be screwed to a substrate, wherein care must not be taken that a sufficient electrical line for the purpose of grounding is ensured by the screw. Conversely, according to the invention, the earthing clamp does not serve to fasten the elongated profile body.
Der erwähnte Profilkörper ist ein langgestreckter Körper.The mentioned profile body is an elongated body.
Vorzugsweise weist der Profilkörper als leitfähiges Material Metall auf, vorzugsweise überwiegend Metall, oder besteht aus Metall. Insbesondere ist der Profilkörper aus Stahl oder Aluminium. Ein Profilkörper aus einem ersten Metall kann zumindest an der Außenseite mit einem anderen leitfähigen Metall beschichtet sein. Ein Beispiel hierfür ist ein verzinkter Stahl.Preferably, the profile body as a conductive material on metal, preferably predominantly metal, or consists of metal. In particular, the profile body is made of steel or aluminum. A profile body of a first metal may be coated on at least the outside with another conductive metal. An example of this is a galvanized steel.
Die Formgestalt des Profilkörpers, wie z.B. gerade oder gebogen, ist nicht beschränkt.The shape of the profile body, such as e.g. straight or curved, is not limited.
Vorzugsweise ist der Profilkörper starr.Preferably, the profile body is rigid.
Die Querschnittsform des Profilkörpers, wie z.B. eckig, rund, gewinkelt, ist nicht beschränkt.The cross-sectional shape of the profile body, such as e.g. angular, round, angled, is not limited.
Der Profilkörper kann massiv oder im Inneren hohl sein. Ein Hohlprofil ist vorzugsweise so beschaffen, dass ein Strom von der Innenseite zur Außenseite fließen kann. Anders ausgedrückt sind vorzugsweise die Innenseite und die Außenseite, anders ausgedrückt die Oberflächen auf der Innenseite und auf der Außenseite, elektrisch leitfähig.The profile body may be solid or hollow inside. A hollow profile is preferably such that a flow can flow from the inside to the outside. In other words, preferably, the inside and the outside, in other words the surfaces on the inside and on the outside, are electrically conductive.
Beispiele für einen massiven Profilkörper sind ein Stab, eine Stange, ein T-Profil oder eine Schiene. Diese Profile können vorteilhaft zur Befestigung von elektrischen Leitungen verwendet werden. Beispielsweise können elektrische Leitungen innerhalb einer Schiene angeordnet sein. Ein Beispiel hierfür ist eine C-förmige Schiene. Ein weiteres Beispiel ist eine rundliche Schiene, beispielsweise im Querschnitt in Form eines Kreissegments. Des Weiteren sind Stäbe oder Schienen auch als Haltevorrichtung für Personen, beispielsweise als Geländer, geeignet.Examples of a solid profile body are a rod, a rod, a T-profile or a rail. These profiles can be used advantageously for the attachment of electrical cables. For example, electrical lines can be arranged within a rail. An example of this is a C-shaped rail. Another example is a roundish rail, for example in cross-section in the form of a circle segment. Furthermore, rods or rails are also suitable as a holding device for persons, for example as railings.
In einer anderen Variante der Erfindung ist der Profilkörper ein Hohlprofilkörper, insbesondere ein Rohr oder ein eckiges Hohlprofil. Besonders bevorzugt ist ein Stahl- oder Aluminiumrohr. In einem Hohlprofilkörper können eine oder mehrere elektrische Leitungen, insbesondere Kabel, geführt sein. Die elektrischen Leitungen sind, wie auch bei anderen Formen des Profilkörpers, vorzugsweise mit einer Isolierung versehen.In another variant of the invention, the profile body is a hollow profile body, in particular a tube or an angular hollow profile. Particularly preferred is a steel or aluminum tube. In a hollow profile body, one or more electrical lines, in particular cables, can be guided. The electrical lines are, as with other forms of the profile body, preferably provided with an insulation.
Die erwähnte Erdungsschelle ist vorzugsweise aus Metall, insbesondere aus Edelstahl. Wie erwähnt ist ein Strom von dem Profilkörper auf die Erdungsschelle übertragbar, d.h. von der Außenseite des Profilkörpers auf die Schelle übertragbar. Die Erdungsschelle steht mit der Außenseite des Profilkörpers in elektrischem Kontakt. Die Außenseite des Profilkörpers ist leitfähig für elektrischen Strom.The mentioned earthing clamp is preferably made of metal, in particular of stainless steel. As mentioned, a current is transferable from the profile body to the grounding clamp, i. transferable from the outside of the profile body on the clamp. The earthing clamp is in electrical contact with the outside of the profile body. The outside of the profile body is conductive for electrical power.
Die Vorrichtung weist eine flexible Erdungsleitung auf, die mit der Erdungsschelle gekoppelt ist, was eine direkte oder indirekte leitfähige Verbindung mit der Erdungsschelle bedeuten kann, sodass ein Strom von der Erdungsschelle über die Erdungsleitung abfließen kann. Beispielsweise kann die Erdungsleitung an die Schelle angeklemmt, angeschraubt, angelötet oder angeschweißt sein. Beispielsweise können die Erdungsschelle und die Erdungsleitung über einen Kabelschuh verbunden sein, der an die Erdungsschelle angeklemmt ist.The device includes a flexible grounding line coupled to the grounding clamp, which may mean a direct or indirect conductive connection to the grounding clamp, such that a current may drain from the grounding clamp via the grounding line. For example, the grounding line can be clamped, screwed, soldered or welded to the clamp. For example, the grounding clamp and the grounding lead may be connected via a cable lug which is clamped to the grounding clamp.
Ein bevorzugtes Material für die Erdungsleitung ist Kupfer.A preferred material for the grounding line is copper.
Die Querschnitte der Erdungsleitung und der Erdungsschelle werden an die erwünschte Stromleitfähigkeit zur Ableitung eines Kurzschlussstroms angepasst. Die Querschnittsfläche der Erdungsschelle beträgt vorzugsweise mindestens 50 mm2, mehr bevorzugt mindestens 60 mm2, noch mehr bevorzugt mindestens 100 mm2. Die Bedeutung und Definition der Querschnittsfläche ist anhand der Ausführungsbeispiele erläutert.The cross sections of the grounding line and the grounding clamp are adjusted to the desired current conductivity for deriving a short-circuit current. The cross-sectional area of the grounding clamp is preferably at least 50 mm 2 , more preferably at least 60 mm 2 , even more preferably at least 100 mm 2 . The Meaning and definition of the cross-sectional area is explained with reference to the embodiments.
Der Querschnitt der Erdungsleitung, insbesondere einer Erdungsleitung aus Kupfer, beträgt vorzugsweise mindestens 10 mm2, mehr bevorzugt mindestens 16 mm2, noch mehr bevorzugt mindestens 25 mm2 oder mindestens 35 mm2 und am meisten bevorzugt mindestens 50 mm2.The cross section of the grounding line, in particular a grounding line made of copper, is preferably at least 10 mm 2 , more preferably at least 16 mm 2 , even more preferably at least 25 mm 2 or at least 35 mm 2 and most preferably at least 50 mm 2 .
Vorteilhafterweise entspricht das Verhältnis der Querschnittsfläche der Erdungsleitung zur Querschnittsfläche der Erdungsschelle dem Verhältnis von der Leitfähigkeit des Materials der Erdungsleitung zur Leitfähigkeit des Materials der Erdungsschelle. Die zuvor genannten Querschnitte der Erdungsleitung können mit diesen Verhältnissen variiert werden. Ebenfalls können die zuvor genannten Querschnitte der Erdungsschellen mit den genannten Verhältnissen variiert werden. Mit den gewählten Querschnittsflächen erzielbare maximale Kurzschlusstemperaturen und Kurzschlussströme sind im Beispielteil erwähnt.Advantageously, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the grounding line to the cross-sectional area of the grounding clip corresponds to the ratio of the conductivity of the material of the grounding line to the conductivity of the material of the grounding clip. The above-mentioned cross sections of the earthing line can be varied with these ratios. Likewise, the aforementioned cross sections of the earthing clamps can be varied with the mentioned ratios. Maximum short-circuit temperatures and short-circuit currents achievable with the selected cross-sectional areas are mentioned in the example section.
In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist zwischen der Erdungsschelle und dem Profilkörper zumindest eine Schicht aus einem vor Korrosion schützenden, leitfähigen Material angeordnet. Dieses Material schützt insbesondere den Profilkörper vor Korrosion, wenn der Profilkörper beispielsweise aus einem unedleren Metall ist als die Erdungsschelle. In einer Variante ist die Schicht aus einem leitfähigen Fett, auch bezeichnet als Kontaktfett. Ein Vorteil eines solchen Fettes ist, dass es mindestens über 30 Jahre nicht erneuert werden muss. Vorteilhafterweise wird die Oberfläche des Profilkörpers vor Aufbringung des Fettes gereinigt, beispielsweise mit einem organischen Lösungsmittel, insbesondere Alkohol. In einer anderen Variante ist die Schicht aus einem Metall, das edler ist als das Metall, aus dem der Profilkörper oder zumindest die Oberfläche des Profilkörpers gefertigt ist. In einer speziellen Variante ist die Schicht aus Zinn, Kupfer, Zink, oder aus einer Kombination davon. Ein spezielles Beispiel ist eine Kupferschicht, die einen Zinnüberzug aufweist. Beispielsweise kann der Profilkörper mit einer solchen Metallschicht, insbesondere einer Zinn-, Kupfer- oder Zinkschicht, zumindest dort beschichtet sein, wo die Erdungsschelle am Profilkörper angebracht wird. Die beschriebenen Varianten können kombiniert werden: Eine oder mehrere Metallschichten können mit einer Fettschicht kombiniert werden.In one embodiment of the invention, at least one layer of a corrosion-protecting, conductive material is arranged between the grounding clamp and the profile body. In particular, this material protects the profile body from corrosion when the profile body is made of, for example, a less noble metal than the grounding clamp. In one variant, the layer is made of a conductive grease, also referred to as contact grease. An advantage of such a fat is that it does not have to be renewed for at least 30 years. Advantageously, the surface of the profile body is cleaned before application of the fat, for example with an organic solvent, in particular alcohol. In another variant, the layer is made of a metal that is nobler than the metal from which the profile body or at least the surface of the profile body is made. In a special variant, the layer is made of tin, copper, zinc, or a combination thereof. A specific example is a copper layer that has a tin coating. For example, the profile body may be coated with such a metal layer, in particular a tin, copper or zinc layer, at least where the grounding clamp is attached to the profile body. The variants described can be combined: One or more metal layers can be combined with a layer of grease.
In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das Befestigungsmittel eine Befestigungsschelle, beispielsweise eine Rohrschelle, wenn der Profilkörper ein Rohr ist.In one embodiment of the invention, the fastening means is a mounting clamp, for example a pipe clamp, when the profile body is a pipe.
Das Befestigungsmittel, insbesondere eine Befestigungsschelle, ist elektrisch leitfähig. Es ist in diesem Fall möglich, dass ein Kurzschlussstrom auch über das Befestigungsmittel abgeleitet wird. Allerdings ist diese Ableitung des Kurzschlussstroms über Befestigungsmittel redundant, da die Erdungsschelle zwecks Ableitung des Stroms bereits ausreichend dimensioniert ist. Weiterhin weist das Befestigungsmittel einen höheren Widerstand auf als die Erdungsschelle, um den Stromfluss im Wesentlichen über die Erdungsschelle zu führen.The fastening means, in particular a fastening clamp, is electrically conductive. It is possible in this case that a short-circuit current is also dissipated via the fastening means. However, this derivation of the short-circuit current via fastening means is redundant, since the earthing clamp is already sufficiently dimensioned for the purpose of dissipating the current. Furthermore, the fastening means has a higher resistance than the earthing clamp, in order to guide the flow of current substantially via the earthing clamp.
Zwischen einem leitfähigen Befestigungsmittel und dem Profilkörper kann ein Isoliermittel vorgesehen sein. Allerdings ist dies nicht unbedingt erforderlich.Between a conductive fastening means and the profile body, an insulating means may be provided. However, this is not essential.
Das erfindungsgemäße Schienenfahrzeug ist insbesondere eine Straßenbahn, eine Lokomotive, ein Triebwagen, ein Wagon oder ein Zugverbund, aufweisend die vorangehend beschriebene Vorrichtung. In einer speziellen Ausführungsform ist die Vorrichtung am Unterbau des Schienenfahrzeugs, insbesondere an einem Untergestell, angeordnet. Insbesondere ist die Vorrichtung am Unterbau des Schienenfahrzeugs, insbesondere an einem Untergestell, befestigt. Vorteilhafterweise sind die Erdungsschelle und ein leitfähiges Teil des Schienenfahrzeugs, insbesondere ein leitfähiges Teil eines Unterbaus, Untergestells oder eines Wagenkastens über die bereits beschriebene flexible Erdungsleitung miteinander verbunden, beispielsweise ein Drahtgeflecht oder Drahtseil. In oder an dem Profilkörper der Vorrichtung ist vorzugsweise zumindest eine elektrische Leitung des Schienenfahrzeugs angeordnet, insbesondere eine Zugsammelschiene.The rail vehicle according to the invention is in particular a tram, a locomotive, a railcar, a wagon or a train combination, comprising the device described above. In a special embodiment, the device is arranged on the substructure of the rail vehicle, in particular on a subframe. In particular, the device is attached to the substructure of the rail vehicle, in particular to a subframe. Advantageously, the earthing clamp and a conductive part of the rail vehicle, in particular a conductive part of a substructure, undercarriage or a car body are connected to each other via the already described flexible grounding line, for example a wire mesh or wire rope. In or on the profile body of the device, at least one electrical line of the rail vehicle is preferably arranged, in particular a train busbar.
Wenn die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung als Haltevorrichtung für Personen eingesetzt wird, dann ist sie vorzugsweise im Innenraum eines Schienenfahrzeugs angeordnet, beispielsweise in Form einer Haltestange.If the device according to the invention is used as a holding device for persons, then it is preferably arranged in the interior of a rail vehicle, for example in the form of a holding rod.
In einem weiteren Aspekt offenbart die Erfindung die Verwendung der vorangehend beschriebenen Vorrichtung zur Ableitung eines Kurzschlussstroms. Hierbei wird ein Kurzschlussstrom von dem Profilkörper über die Erdungsschelle und die flexible Erdungsleitung abgeleitet. Die Vorrichtung kann als geerdete Vorrichtung zur Führung von Leitungen oder als geerdete Haltevorrichtung für Personen verwendet werden, worauf bereits zuvor eingegangen wurde.In a further aspect, the invention discloses the use of the device described above for deriving a short-circuit current. In this case, a short-circuit current is derived from the profile body via the earthing clamp and the flexible grounding line. The device can be used as a grounded device for guiding Lines or used as a grounded holding device for persons, as previously discussed.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen beschrieben. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine Vorrichtung für ein erfindungsgemäßes Schienenfahrzeug in seitlicher Ansicht,
- Fig. 2
- eine Vorrichtung für ein erfindungsgemäßes Schienenfahrzeug im Querschnitt und
- Fig. 3
- die Befestigung einer Vorrichtung für ein erfindungsgemäßes Schienenfahrzeug am Unterbau eines Schienenfahrzeugwagens.
- Fig. 1
- a device for a rail vehicle according to the invention in a side view,
- Fig. 2
- a device for a rail vehicle according to the invention in cross section and
- Fig. 3
- the attachment of a device for a rail vehicle according to the invention at the base of a rail vehicle car.
Ebenfalls in
Die in
Die Breite der Erdungsschellen 3 ist mit dem Pfeil B bezeichnet. Je nach abzuleitendem Kurzschlussstrom kann die Breite B der Erdungsschelle unterschiedlich gewählt werden. Der Querschnitt der Erdungsschelle 3 ergibt sich aus der Breite B mal der in
Im Innern des Rohres 2 ist eine elektrische Leitung 15 verlegt, aufweisend eine Isolierung 16 und einen leitfähigen Kern 17. Beispielsweise ist die Leitung 15 eine Leitung einer Zugsammelschiene. Im Beispiel ist nur eine Leitung gezeigt und weitere können vorhanden sein. Bei Beschädigung der Isolierung 16 kann es zum Kurzschluss, also zum Stromfluss vom leitenden Kern 17 auf das Rohr 2, kommen. Der Kurzschlossstrom wird über die Oberfläche des Rohres 2 und die leitfähige Zwischenschicht 6 auf die Erdungsschelle 3 geleitet und fließt über den Kabelschuh 5 und die Erdungsleitung 13 ab.In the interior of the
An der Erdungslasche 22 ist wiederum die Erdungsleitung 13 angebracht, beispielsweise mittels einer Verschraubung oder Verschweißung.At the
In
Wie bereits erwähnt, kann im Innern des Rohres 2 eine Zugsammelschiene angeordnet sein. Alternativ kann jegliche andere elektrische Leitung in dem Rohr 2 angeordnet sein, beispielsweise eine elektrische Leitung für eine Bremse.As already mentioned, a Zugsammelschiene can be arranged in the interior of the
Nachfolgend sind in Tabelle 1 beispielhafte Querschnitte für eine Erdungsschelle und beispielhafte Querschnitte für eine Erdungsleitung 13 gezeigt. Der Querschnitt errechnet sich aus der in
Claims (14)
- A rail vehicle, comprising a device (1), comprising- an electrically conductive profile body (2), in particular comprising or consisting of metal,- an electrical line (15), which is arranged in or on the profile body (2),- at least one electrically conductive grounding clamp (3) surrounding the profile body (2) externally, wherein a current can be transferred from the outside of the profile body (2) to the grounding clamp (3),- at least one fastening means (8), whereby the profile body (2) is fastened to a portable object or substrate,
characterised in that- a flexible grounding line (13) is coupled to the grounding clamp (3), and the grounding clamp (3) is connected via the flexible grounding line (13) to a conductive part (21) of the rail vehicle,- the fastening means (8) is electrically conductive and the fastening means (8) has a higher resistance than the grounding clamp (3). - The rail vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the profile body (2) is made of aluminium or steel.
- The rail vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one layer (6) made of a conductive material protecting against corrosion is arranged between the grounding clamp (3) and the profile body (2).
- The rail vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the layer (6) is made of conductive grease.
- The rail vehicle according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the layer (6) is made of tin, copper, zinc, or of a combination thereof.
- The rail vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fastening means (8) is a fastening clamp.
- The rail vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the profile body (2) is a bar or a rail.
- The rail vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the profile body (2) is a hollow profile body, in particular a pipe.
- The rail vehicle according to claim 8, wherein the electrical line is a rail busbar which is arranged within the hollow profile body (2).
- The rail vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the grounding line (13) is a copper line.
- The rail vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the grounding clamp (3) is made of stainless steel.
- The rail vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the grounding clamp (3) is connected to a conductive part (21) of a substructure, a subframe or a railcar body of the rail vehicle.
- The rail vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the profile body (2) is fastened by the fastening means (8) to a substructure or s subframe of the rail vehicle.
- The rail vehicle according to any one of claims 1-8, 10 or 11, wherein the device is arranged in the interior of the rail vehicle and is a holding device for people.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102014200440.3A DE102014200440A1 (en) | 2014-01-13 | 2014-01-13 | Device for deriving a short-circuit current |
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EP2894719A1 EP2894719A1 (en) | 2015-07-15 |
EP2894719B1 true EP2894719B1 (en) | 2018-09-26 |
EP2894719B2 EP2894719B2 (en) | 2022-11-02 |
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EP15150736.5A Active EP2894719B2 (en) | 2014-01-13 | 2015-01-12 | Device for diverting a short-circuit current |
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EP (1) | EP2894719B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102014200440A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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CN111668774A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-09-15 | 黑龙江祥辉通信工程有限公司 | Conveniently-locked cable clamp for communication overhead line and locking method |
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DE102015213292A1 (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-01-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Cable lug, earthing device and rail vehicle |
AT518144B1 (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2019-04-15 | Siemens Ag Oesterreich | Rail vehicle car box with a ground connection |
US9818502B1 (en) | 2016-08-12 | 2017-11-14 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Commonized electrical grounding device |
DE102016013334B3 (en) | 2016-11-10 | 2018-04-05 | Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh | Medical device with a connection piece for establishing a fluid connection between fluid-carrying lines |
DE102017213763A1 (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2019-02-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Earthing device for a rail vehicle |
DE102021110519A1 (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2022-10-27 | Windhoff Bahn- Und Anlagentechnik Gmbh | Rail vehicle with wireless grounding |
DE102021111574A1 (en) * | 2021-05-04 | 2022-11-10 | Windhoff Bahn- Und Anlagentechnik Gmbh | Tool-free grounding concept |
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EP2894719A1 (en) | 2015-07-15 |
DE102014200440A1 (en) | 2015-07-16 |
EP2894719B2 (en) | 2022-11-02 |
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