EP2889955A1 - Compact antenna structure for satellite telecommunication - Google Patents

Compact antenna structure for satellite telecommunication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2889955A1
EP2889955A1 EP14200359.9A EP14200359A EP2889955A1 EP 2889955 A1 EP2889955 A1 EP 2889955A1 EP 14200359 A EP14200359 A EP 14200359A EP 2889955 A1 EP2889955 A1 EP 2889955A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elementary
antenna
ghz
patches
receiving
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Granted
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EP14200359.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2889955B1 (en
Inventor
Friedman Tchoffo Talom
Guillaume Fondi de Niort
Sophia Thizon
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/378—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • H01Q9/0435—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave using two feed points

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an elementary antenna, a compact antennal structure for telecommunications comprising such an antenna, a platform comprising the antenna structure and a method of satellite communication between two stations using the antennal structure.
  • the electromagnetic band Ka two distinct frequency bands are involved.
  • the electromagnetic waves of the Ka band have a frequency of between 27 gigahertz (GHz) and 31 GHz while in reception, the electromagnetic waves of the Ka band have a frequency of between 17.3 GHz and 21 GHz. , 2 GHz.
  • the band Ka for the transmission is denoted Tx while the band Ka for the reception is denoted Rx.
  • the polarizations of the transmitting and receiving waves are generally opposite circular type or not.
  • an electronic scanning antenna which can comprise two antenna panels disjoined respectively for the emission of a wave whose central frequency is around 30 GHz and for the reception a wave centered around 20 GHz.
  • the electronic scanning antenna obtained can have a large size corresponding to the radiating surfaces of each of the modes of operation (transmission / reception).
  • the efficiency of such an antenna can be insufficient depending on the elementary antenna used and the associated power supply circuit especially when it is patch type antennas.
  • an antenna structure for telecommunications comprising a transmission surface comprising at least one set of a plurality of elementary transmission antennas forming a network, at least one elementary antenna of emission comprising two patches of generally circular shape at least partially superimposed, said at least one transmitting elementary antenna being sized to emit at least one electromagnetic wave having a frequency of between 27 gigahertz (GHz) and 31 GHz.
  • the antenna structure also comprises a receiving surface comprising at least one set of a plurality of elementary reception antennas forming a network, at least one elementary receiving antenna comprising two patches of generally circular shape at least partially superimposed, said at least one an elementary receiving antenna being sized to receive at least one electromagnetic wave having a frequency of between 17.3 GHz and 21.2 GHz.
  • the invention also relates to a platform, including an aerial platform, comprising at least one antennal structure as described above.
  • the subject of the present invention is also a telecommunication method, especially via satellite, between two stations comprising at least one of the following steps: a step of emitting electromagnetic waves having a frequency between 27 GHz and 31 GHz by an antenna structure as previously described and a step of receiving electromagnetic waves having a frequency between 17.3 GHz and 21.2 GHz by an antenna structure as previously described.
  • an antenna structure 10 having a transmitting surface 11 Tx and a receiving surface 11 Rx as shown in FIG. figure 1 .
  • the transmission surface 11 Tx has a generally rectangular shape and the receiving surface 11 Rx also has a generally rectangular shape.
  • Each 11Tx transmit and receive 11Rx surface accommodates a plurality of elementary antennas 12Tx (for transmission) and 12Rx (for reception).
  • the entire transmission surface 11Tx and the plurality of elementary antennas 12Tx form a transmission panel 13Tx while the entire reception surface 11 Rx and the plurality of elementary antennas 12Rx form a panel 13Rx reception.
  • the structure of the transmission panel 13Tx is detailed by successively describing an elementary antenna 12Tx for transmission ( Figures 2 to 4 ), a line having a plurality of elementary antennas 12Tx for transmission ( figure 5 to 8 ) then the 13Tx transmission panel itself ( Figures 9 to 13 ) .
  • An elementary antenna 12Tx for transmission is represented on the figure 2 . This implies that the elementary antenna 12Tx is able to emit an electromagnetic wave whose wavelength is noted ⁇ 0, this wavelength ⁇ 0 corresponding to a central frequency of the band between 27 GHz and 31 GHz.
  • the elementary antenna 12Tx comprises two patches 14Tx, 16Tx at least partially superimposed.
  • Each 14Tx, 16Tx patch is circular in shape.
  • the first patch 14Tx comprises a first metallized layer 18Tx and a first insulating layer 20Tx, the first metallized layer 18Tx being arranged on the insulating layer 20Tx.
  • the first metallized layer 18Tx is circular in shape and has a first diameter d1Tx.
  • the shape of the first metallized layer 18Tx gives the first patch 14Tx a circular shape.
  • the second patch 16Tx also comprises a second metallized layer 22Tx and a second insulating layer 24Tx, the second metallized layer 22Tx being arranged on the second insulating layer 24Tx.
  • the second metal layer 22Tx has a circular portion 26Tx and two access 28Tx, 30Tx power supply.
  • the circular portion 26Tx is circular in shape and has a second diameter denoted d2Tx.
  • the first access 28Tx comprises two first sections 32Tx and 34Tx, a first proximal section 32Tx in contact with the circular portion 26Tx and a first distal section 34Tx with respect to the circular portion 26Tx.
  • the first proximal section 32Tx is rectilinear and extends along a direction said first proximal direction.
  • the first proximal section 32Tx is normal to the portion of the circular portion 26Tx with which the first proximal section 32Tx is in contact.
  • the first distal section 34Tx is rectilinear and extends in the extension of the proximal section 32Tx along a direction said first distal direction.
  • the first proximal and distal directions make an angle greater than 90 ° between them.
  • the angle between the first proximal direction and the first distal direction is between 120 ° and 145 °.
  • the second port 30Tx comprises two second sections 38Tx and 40Tx, a second proximal section 38Tx in contact with the circular portion 26Tx and a second distal section 40Tx with respect to the circular portion 26Tx.
  • the second proximal portion 38Tx is rectilinear and extends along a direction said second proximal direction.
  • the second proximal portion 38Tx is normal with respect to the portion of the circular portion 26Tx with which the second proximal portion 38Tx is in contact.
  • each access 28Tx, 30Tx is in an angular sector having an angle with respect to the center of the circular portion of less than 180 °.
  • the distance between the two accesses 28Tx and 30Tx is less than 0.5 * ⁇ 0 to allow the realization of the function of pointing by phase shift with the least degradation of the side lobes to remain compatible normalization templates.
  • the distance between the two accesses 28Tx and 30Tx is less than or equal to 0.42 * ⁇ 0.
  • the second distal section 40Tx is rectilinear and extends in the extension of the second proximal section 38Tx along a direction said second distal direction.
  • the second proximal and distal directions are at an angle greater than 90 ° to each other.
  • the angle between the second proximal direction and the second distal direction is between 120 ° and 145 °.
  • the shape of the second metallized layer 22Tx gives the second patch 16Tx a generally circular shape so that it is considered in a simplified manner in the following that the second patch 16Tx has a circular shape.
  • the second diameter d2Tx of the circular portion 26Tx is the diameter of the second patch 16Tx.
  • the first diameter d1Tx and the second diameter d2Tx may be identical.
  • the two patches 14Tx and 16Tx are at least partially superimposed. This means that the two patches 14Tx and 16Tx are at least partially aligned along a first direction Z.
  • the two patches 14Tx and 16Tx are superimposed. This means that the projection of the circular portion 26Tx on the plane comprising the first metallized layer 18Tx coincides with the first metallized layer 18Tx.
  • the circular portion 26Tx and the first metallized layer 18Tx are parallel.
  • the two patches 14Tx and 16Tx are thus spaced in a first direction Z by a distance denoted ezTx.
  • the distance ezTx spacing between the two patches 14Tx and 16Tx along the first direction Z is between 0.5 millimeters (mm) and 2.0 mm.
  • the distance ezTx spacing between the two patches 14Tx and 16Tx along the first direction Z is between 0.75 mm and 1.5 mm.
  • the spacing distance ezTx between the two patches 14Tx and 16Tx along the first direction Z, the diameter d1Tx and d2Tx of the patches 14Tx and 16Tx make it possible to determine the frequency or frequencies at which (or which) the elementary antenna 12Tx is adapted to emit.
  • the elementary antenna 12Tx is sized to transmit frequencies between 27 GHz and 31 GHz (Tx band). This means that such an elementary antenna 12Tx has first and second diameters d1Tx, d2Tx between 2.5 mm and 4 mm. The upper bound corresponds to the product of 0.4 by the wavelength ⁇ 0 that the elementary antenna 12Tx is able to emit.
  • a constraint on the geometry of the second patch 16Tx is imposed.
  • the second patch 16Tx is then writable in a rectangle whose extension exTx along a second direction X is between 4.0 mm and 4.4 mm and the eyTx extension along a third direction Y is included between 3.8 mm and 4.2 mm.
  • the two directions X and Y are perpendicular to each other and to the first direction Z.
  • the Figures 3 and 4 show that over the entire band of interest (in this case, it is the Tx band), the ellipticity rate is relatively low as well as the standing wave ratio (noted for simplicity by the corresponding acronym, namely TOS, in all the figures in which this rate appears).
  • the elementary antenna 12Tx therefore has a wide band, ie a band greater than 5% around the central operating frequency, with circular polarization and very good radiation efficiency (in particular the axial ratio for such a small antenna is better than in the state of the art and the apodization of the radiation pattern for the transmitted wave is facilitated during networking).
  • the two patches 14Tx and 16Tx are arranged so that the second metal layer 22Tx faces the first insulating layer 20Tx.
  • the two patches 14Tx and 16Tx are arranged so that the second metal layer 22Tx faces the first metal layer 18Tx.
  • the network 50Tx comprises twenty-four elementary antennas 12Tx.
  • Each elementary antenna 12Tx of the figure 5 is identical to the elementary antenna 12Tx described with reference to the figure 2 .
  • some antennas are different.
  • the elementary antennas 12Tx are arranged regularly along a line thus forming the network 50Tx.
  • the elementary antennas 12Tx are connected together to form the network 50Tx.
  • the connection is made via two straight lines that provide power to the unit network.
  • the 50Tx network thus formed on transmission has two ports which, depending on the power supply, can radiate an electromagnetic wave in the desired frequency band according to the desired circular polarization.
  • the network 50Tx has an extension ex2Tx along the second direction X between 4 mm and 6 mm.
  • the extension ex2Tx along the second direction X is between 4.5 mm and 5.5 mm.
  • the network 50Tx also has an extension ey2Tx along the third direction Y between 160 mm and 190 mm.
  • the extension ey2Tx along the third direction Y is between 165 mm and 185 mm.
  • each elementary antenna 12Tx of the network 50Tx is powered by an electromagnetic wave.
  • Each elementary antenna 12Tx captures the electric field from this electromagnetic wave so that the network 50Tx emits a wave in the desired frequency band.
  • the 50Tx network has a gain of the order of 20 dB, which shows the good radiation efficiency of the antenna structure with respect to its dimensions, that is to say the extension ex2Tx along the second direction X and extension ey2Tx along the third direction Y.
  • the figure 9 illustrates the 13Tx emission panel of the figure 1 .
  • the elements identical to the embodiment of the figure 5 are not described again. Only the differences are highlighted.
  • the 13Tx transmit panel has eight 50Tx networks instead of a single 50Tx network.
  • the number of antennas for the network 50Tx is chosen according to a dimensional constraint applied along the third direction Y.
  • Each 50Tx network is parallel to other 50Tx networks.
  • the elementary antennas 12Tx are arranged in staggered rows. Such an arrangement makes it possible to maintain the performances in terms of stability of the ellipticity rate during the networking of the overall structure as well as during the achievement of the phase shift pointing.
  • the emission panel 13Tx has an extension ex3Tx along the second direction X between 40 mm and 50 mm.
  • the extension ex3Tx along the second direction X is between 45 mm and 48 mm.
  • the ex3Tx extension along the second X direction is related to the number of 50Tx network antennas considered. In the case presented on the figure 9 the extension ex3Tx along the second direction X is about nine times the size of an elemental antenna.
  • the transmission panel 13Tx also has an extension ey3Tx along the third direction Y between 160 mm and 190 mm.
  • the extension ey3Tx along the third direction Y is between 165 mm and 185 mm.
  • the extension ey3Tx along the third direction Y is related to the number of elementary antennas 12Tx considered.
  • the performance in terms of ellipticity rate and advantages granted by the emission panel 13Tx are similar to the performances and advantages granted by the elementary antenna 12Tx of the figure 2 as shown by the study of the figure 12 .
  • the transmission panel 13Tx has a gain of the order of 28 dB, which corresponds to a compact antennal structure effective at the operating frequency considered.
  • the structure of the reception panel 13Rx of the figure 1 is detailed by successively describing an elementary antenna 12Rx for reception ( Figures 14 to 16 ), a line comprising a plurality of elementary antennas 12Rx for reception ( Figures 17 to 20 ) then the reception panel 13Rx itself ( Figures 21 to 24 ).
  • the figure 14 illustrates a basic antenna 12Rx for reception. Elements identical to the elementary antenna 12Tx for the transmission of the figure 2 are not described again. Only the differences are highlighted.
  • the reference signs of the elements of the elementary antenna 12Rx for reception are followed by a suffix Rx instead of the suffix Tx for the corresponding elements of the elementary antenna 12Rx.
  • An elementary antenna 12Rx for reception is represented on the figure 14 . This implies that the elementary antenna 12Rx is adapted to receive an electromagnetic wave whose wavelength is noted ⁇ 0, this wavelength ⁇ 0 corresponding to a frequency between 17.3 GHz and 21.2 GHz.
  • the elementary antenna 12Rx is sized to receive frequencies between 17.3 GHz and 21.2 GHz (Rx band). This means that such an elementary antenna 12Rx has first and second diameters d1 Rx, d2Rx between 4.5 mm and 7 mm.
  • the second patch 16Rx is then writable in a rectangle whose extension exRx along the second direction X is between 6.6 mm and 7.0 mm and the eyRx extension along the third direction Y is between 6 , 0 mm and 6.4 mm.
  • the performance and benefits of the 12Rx basic antenna for reception are similar to the performance and benefits of the 12Tx elementary antenna for the broadcast, as shown by the study of Figures 15 and 16 .
  • the figure 17 illustrates a 50Rx network for reception according to the invention.
  • the network 50Rx comprises eighteen elementary antennas 12Rx.
  • the number of antennas for the network 50Rx is chosen according to a dimensional constraint applied along the third direction Y.
  • Each elementary antenna 12Rx of the figure 17 is identical to the elementary antenna 12Rx described with reference to the figure 14 .
  • some antennas are different.
  • the elementary antennas 12Rx are arranged regularly along a line thus forming the network 50Rx.
  • the elementary antennas 12Rx are connected together to form the network 50Rx.
  • the connection is made via a straight line that provides power to the unit network.
  • the network 50Rx thus formed at the reception has two accesses which, depending on the power supply, allow an electromagnetic wave to be received in the desired frequency band according to the desired circular polarization.
  • the network 50Rx has an extension ex2Rx along the second direction X between 6 mm and 8.5 mm.
  • the extension ex2Rx along the second direction X is between 7.6 mm and 8.0 mm.
  • the network 50Rx also has an extension ey2Rx along the third direction Y between 180 mm and 200 mm.
  • the extension ey2Rx along the third direction Y is between 185 mm and 195 mm.
  • the ey2Rx extension along the third Y direction is related to the number of elementary antennas 12Rx considered.
  • the performance in terms of ellipticity rate and standing wave ratio granted by the network 50Rx are similar to the performances and advantages granted by the elementary antenna 12Rx according to the example of the figure 14 as shown by the study of Figures 18 and 19 .
  • the 50Rx network has a gain of the order of 18 dB, which corresponds to a compact antennal structure effective at the operating frequency considered.
  • the figure 21 illustrates the reception panel 13Rx of the figure 1 .
  • the elements identical to the embodiment of the figure 17 are not described again. Only the differences are highlighted.
  • the 13Rx receiving panel has eight 50Rx networks instead of a single 50Rx network.
  • Each 50Rx network is parallel to other 50Rx networks.
  • the elementary antennas 12Rx are arranged in staggered rows. Such an arrangement makes it possible to maintain the performances in terms of stability of the ellipticity rate during the networking of the overall structure as well as the achievement of the phase shift pointing.
  • the receiving panel 13Rx has an extension ex3Rx along the second direction X between 60 mm and 80 mm.
  • the extension ex3Rx along the second direction X is between 65 mm and 75 mm.
  • the ex3Rx extension along the second X direction is related to the number of 50Tx networks considered.
  • the receiving panel 13Rx also has an extension ey3Rx along the third direction Y between 190 mm and 210 mm.
  • the extension ey3Rx along the third direction Y is between 195 mm and 205 mm.
  • the extension ey3Rx along the third direction Y is related to the number of elementary antennas 12Tx considered.
  • the antenna structure 10 has a reduced bulk and a reduced weight compared to the antenna structures of FIG. the state of the art for identical radiation performance. This reduced weight makes it possible to reduce the stresses, in particular in the case where the complete antenna is accompanied by a mechanical positioner.
  • this antenna structure 10 on a single-layer substrate makes it easy to insert the rear side at ground plane level, with the least stress and impact on the radiation performance, coupler devices, power supply. and phase shift to provide control and choice of polarization as well as phase and amplitude law for orienting the radiation pattern in the desired direction in electronic scanning pattern.
  • the antenna structure 10 is also capable of transmitting or receiving circularly polarized electromagnetic waves without the use of an additional polarizer. This better compactness is accompanied by a gain in lightness and a gain in radiation performance over a wide frequency band compatible with the intended application. In addition, the antenna structure 10 is easy to produce and can be manufactured at low cost.
  • the proposed antenna structure 10 can be used for telecommunications applications between two stations, in particular by satellite. It should be noted that in this case, the radiation pattern of the antenna structure 10 thus produced is in accordance with the templates specified for use with certain satellites.
  • Such an antenna structure 10 is advantageously usable in a platform, especially aerial type helicopter or drone.
  • the compactness of the antenna structure 10 makes it possible to reduce the constraints on the implementations of equipment in the platform.
  • the antennal structure 10 presented with reference to the figure 1 is an example of an antenna structure 10 having the compactness properties described above.
  • Other similar antennal structures 10 are also conceivable, in particular with a number of different 12Rx elementary reception and / or 12Tx transmit antennas and a different arrangement of these.
  • These various antennal structures 10 are antennal structures for telecommunications, in particular satellite, having a reduced footprint in terms of depth and pointing capabilities by using an electronic scanning principle while allowing to obtain a good broadband communication. quality, especially in terms of gain, ellipticity rate and compatible side lobes of the normative templates.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne une structure antennaire (10) pour télécommunications, notamment par satellite, comportant une surface d'émission (11Tx) comprenant au moins un ensemble d'une pluralité d'antennes élémentaires d'émission (12Tx) formant un réseau, au moins une antenne élémentaire d'émission (12Tx) comportant deux patchs de forme générale circulaire au moins partiellement superposés, ladite au moins une antenne élémentaire d'émission (12Tx) étant dimensionnée pour émettre au moins une onde électromagnétique présentant une fréquence comprise entre 27 gigahertz et 31 GHz.The invention relates to an antenna structure (10) for telecommunications, in particular by satellite, comprising a transmitting surface (11Tx) comprising at least one set of a plurality of elementary transmission antennas (12Tx) forming a network, at the at least one elementary emission antenna (12Tx) comprising two patches of generally circular shape at least partially superimposed, said at least one elementary transmission antenna (12Tx) being sized to emit at least one electromagnetic wave having a frequency of between 27 Gigahertz and 31 GHz.

Description

La présente invention concerne une antenne élémentaire, une structure antennaire compacte pour télécommunications comprenant une telle antenne, une plateforme comprenant la structure antennaire et un procédé de communication par satellites entre deux stations utilisant la structure antennaire.The present invention relates to an elementary antenna, a compact antennal structure for telecommunications comprising such an antenna, a platform comprising the antenna structure and a method of satellite communication between two stations using the antennal structure.

Dans le domaine des communications satellitaires, l'obtention d'une communication de bonne qualité implique des performances particulières pour les ondes électromagnétiques produites par la structure antennaire utilisée dans la communication en termes de gain et de niveau de lobes secondaires (rapport entre l'intensité des lobes secondaires et l'intensité du lobe principal). Ceci est d'autant plus vrai pour les communications satellitaires dites « haut débit », c'est-à-dire ne transmettant pas uniquement de la voix.In the field of satellite communications, obtaining good quality communication involves particular performances for the electromagnetic waves produced by the antennal structure used in the communication in terms of gain and level of side lobes (ratio of the intensity secondary lobes and intensity of the main lobe). This is all the more true for so-called "broadband" satellite communications, that is to say not only transmitting voice.

Dans le cas particulier de la bande électromagnétique Ka, deux bandes de fréquence distinctes sont impliquées. En effet, en émission, les ondes électromagnétiques de la bande Ka ont une fréquence comprise entre 27 gigahertz (GHz) et 31 GHz tandis qu'en réception, les ondes électromagnétiques de la bande Ka ont une fréquence comprise entre 17,3 GHz et 21,2 GHz. Dans la suite de la description, la bande Ka pour l'émission est notée Tx tandis que la bande Ka pour la réception est notée Rx. En outre, les polarisations des ondes en émission et en réception sont généralement de type circulaires opposées ou non.In the particular case of the electromagnetic band Ka, two distinct frequency bands are involved. In fact, in transmission, the electromagnetic waves of the Ka band have a frequency of between 27 gigahertz (GHz) and 31 GHz while in reception, the electromagnetic waves of the Ka band have a frequency of between 17.3 GHz and 21 GHz. , 2 GHz. In the remainder of the description, the band Ka for the transmission is denoted Tx while the band Ka for the reception is denoted Rx. In addition, the polarizations of the transmitting and receiving waves are generally opposite circular type or not.

Ces fréquences et ces polarisations circulaires en réception et en émission imposent des contraintes sur la structure antennaire. De plus, dans le contexte de liaison satellitaire, il convient d'orienter l'antenne afin de pointer le satellite permettant d'établir la liaison. En outre, pour réduire la signature visuelle (l'encombrement physique), les solutions de type antennes paraboliques ne sont généralement pas privilégiées. D'autant plus que dans ce cas, la profondeur de l'antenne est contrainte par la focale de la source illuminant la parabole.These frequencies and these circular polarizations in reception and in emission impose constraints on the antennal structure. In addition, in the context of satellite link, it is necessary to orient the antenna to point the satellite to establish the link. In addition, to reduce the visual signature (physical clutter), parabolic antenna type solutions are generally not preferred. Especially since in this case, the depth of the antenna is constrained by the focal length of the source illuminating the dish.

Parmi les structures antennaires permettant de respecter ces différentes contraintes, il est connu d'utiliser une antenne à balayage électronique pouvant comprendre deux panneaux antennaires disjoints respectivement pour l'émission d'une onde dont la fréquence centrale est autour de 30 GHz et pour la réception d'une onde centrée autour de 20 GHz.Among the antennal structures making it possible to respect these various constraints, it is known to use an electronic scanning antenna which can comprise two antenna panels disjoined respectively for the emission of a wave whose central frequency is around 30 GHz and for the reception a wave centered around 20 GHz.

Toutefois, l'antenne à balayage électronique obtenue peut présenter un encombrement important correspondant aux surfaces rayonnantes de chacun des modes de fonctionnement (émission/réception). En outre, l'efficacité d'une telle antenne peut être insuffisante en fonction de l'antenne élémentaire utilisée et du circuit d'alimentation associés notamment lorsqu'il s'agit d'antennes de type patch.However, the electronic scanning antenna obtained can have a large size corresponding to the radiating surfaces of each of the modes of operation (transmission / reception). In addition, the efficiency of such an antenna can be insufficient depending on the elementary antenna used and the associated power supply circuit especially when it is patch type antennas.

De plus, la mise en oeuvre d'une polarisation circulaire dans un premier sens dans la partie émission et d'une polarisation circulaire dans un deuxième sens opposé ou non au premier sens pour la partie de réception s'avère difficile dans le cas de l'emploi d'un polariseur, ce qui réduit la flexibilité d'utilisation de l'antenne à balayage considérée.In addition, the implementation of a circular polarization in a first direction in the transmission part and a circular polarization in a second direction opposite or not to the first direction for the receiving part proves difficult in the case of the use of a polarizer, which reduces the flexibility of use of the scanning antenna considered.

Il existe donc un besoin pour une structure antennaire pour télécommunications, en particulier satellitaire dans la bande Ka, présentant un encombrement réduit en terme de profondeur et de capacité de pointage en utilisant un principe de balayage électronique tout en permettant l'obtention d'une communication haut débit de bonne qualité, notamment en termes de gain, de taux d'ellipticité et de lobes secondaires compatibles des gabarits normatifs.There is therefore a need for an antenna structure for telecommunications, in particular satellite in the Ka band, having a small footprint in terms of depth and pointing capacity by using an electronic scanning principle while allowing to obtain a communication high-quality broadband, in particular in terms of gain, ellipticity rate and compatible side lobes of the normative templates.

A cet effet, il est proposé une structure antennaire pour télécommunications, notamment par satellite, comportant une surface d'émission comprenant au moins un ensemble d'une pluralité d'antennes élémentaires d'émission formant un réseau, au moins une antenne élémentaire d'émission comportant deux patchs de forme générale circulaire au moins partiellement superposés, ladite au moins une antenne élémentaire d'émission étant dimensionnée pour émettre au moins une onde électromagnétique présentant une fréquence comprise entre 27 gigahertz (GHz) et 31 GHz. La structure antennaire comprend également une surface de réception comprenant au moins un ensemble d'une pluralité d'antennes élémentaires de réception formant un réseau, au moins une antenne élémentaire de réception comportant deux patchs de forme générale circulaire au moins partiellement superposés, ladite au moins une antenne élémentaire de réception étant dimensionnée pour recevoir au moins une onde électromagnétique présentant une fréquence comprise entre 17,3 GHz et 21,2 GHz.For this purpose, it is proposed an antenna structure for telecommunications, in particular by satellite, comprising a transmission surface comprising at least one set of a plurality of elementary transmission antennas forming a network, at least one elementary antenna of emission comprising two patches of generally circular shape at least partially superimposed, said at least one transmitting elementary antenna being sized to emit at least one electromagnetic wave having a frequency of between 27 gigahertz (GHz) and 31 GHz. The antenna structure also comprises a receiving surface comprising at least one set of a plurality of elementary reception antennas forming a network, at least one elementary receiving antenna comprising two patches of generally circular shape at least partially superimposed, said at least one an elementary receiving antenna being sized to receive at least one electromagnetic wave having a frequency of between 17.3 GHz and 21.2 GHz.

Suivant des modes de réalisation particuliers, la structure antennaire comprend une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes prise(s) isolement ou suivant toutes les combinaisons techniquement possibles :

  • chaque patch de ladite au moins une antenne élémentaire d'émission présente un centre, ladite antenne élémentaire d'émission comportant deux accès d'alimentation propres à alimenter un des deux patchs, chaque accès étant dans un secteur angulaire présentant un angle par rapport au centre du patch alimenté inférieur à 180°, et/ou chaque patch de ladite au moins une antenne élémentaire de réception présente un centre, ladite antenne élémentaire de réception comportant deux accès d'alimentation propres à alimenter un des deux patchs, chaque accès étant dans un secteur angulaire présentant un angle par rapport au centre du patch alimenté inférieur à 180°.
  • les deux patchs de ladite au moins une antenne élémentaire d'émission sont espacés selon une première direction d'une distance comprise entre 0,5 millimètre (mm) et 2,0 mm, et/ou les deux patchs de ladite au moins une antenne élémentaire de réception sont espacés selon une première direction d'une distance comprise entre 0,5 millimètre (mm) et 2,0 mm
  • les deux patchs de ladite au moins une antenne élémentaire d'émission sont espacés selon une première direction d'une distance comprise entre 0,75 millimètre (mm) et 1,5 mm, et/ou les deux patchs de ladite au moins une antenne élémentaire de réception sont espacés selon une première direction d'une distance comprise entre 0,75 millimètre (mm) et 1,5 mm.
  • les diamètres des deux patchs de ladite au moins une antenne élémentaire d'émission sont identiques, et/ou les diamètres des deux patchs de ladite au moins une antenne élémentaire de réception sont identiques.
  • les antennes élémentaires d'émission de la structure antennaire comportent toutes deux patchs de forme générale circulaire au moins partiellement superposés, chaque antenne élémentaire d'émission étant dimensionnée pour émettre au moins une onde électromagnétique présentant une fréquence comprise entre 27 GHz et 31 GHz, et/ou les antennes élémentaires de réception de la structure antennaire comportent toutes deux patchs de forme générale circulaire au moins partiellement superposés, chaque antenne élémentaire de réception étant dimensionnée pour recevoir au moins une onde électromagnétique présentant une fréquence comprise entre 17,3 GHz et 21,2 GHz.
  • les antennes élémentaires d'émission et les antennes élémentaires de réception sont agencées en quinconce.
  • la surface d'émission est de forme générale rectangulaire et comprend au moins deux ensembles d'une pluralité d'antennes élémentaires d'émission formant chacun un réseau, les antennes élémentaires d'émission de chaque ensemble étant le long d'une ligne propre de cet ensemble, chaque ligne étant parallèle aux autres lignes propres, et/ou la surface de réception est de forme générale rectangulaire et comprend au moins deux ensembles d'une pluralité d'antennes élémentaires de réception formant chacun un réseau, les antennes élémentaires de réception de chaque ensemble étant le long d'une ligne propre de cet ensemble, chaque ligne étant parallèle aux autres lignes propres.
According to particular embodiments, the antenna structure comprises one or more of the following characteristics taken (s) isolation (s) or in all technically possible combinations:
  • each patch of said at least one transmitting elemental antenna has a center, said elementary transmitting antenna comprising two own feed accesses to feed one of the two patches, each access being in an angular sector having an angle with respect to the center the patch supplied less than 180 °, and / or each patch of said at least one receiving antenna element has a center, said elementary reception antenna having two feed ports suitable for feeding one of the two patches, each access being in a angular sector having an angle relative to the center of the supplied patch less than 180 °.
  • the two patches of said at least one elementary transmission antenna are spaced in a first direction by a distance of between 0.5 millimeters (mm) and 2.0 mm, and / or both patches of said at least one antenna receiving element are spaced in a first direction by a distance of between 0.5 millimeter (mm) and 2.0 mm
  • the two patches of said at least one elementary transmission antenna are spaced in a first direction by a distance of between 0.75 millimeters (mm) and 1.5 mm, and / or both patches of said at least one antenna receiving elements are spaced in a first direction by a distance of between 0.75 millimeters (mm) and 1.5 mm.
  • the diameters of the two patches of said at least one elementary transmission antenna are identical, and / or the diameters of the two patches of said at least one elementary reception antenna are identical.
  • the elementary transmission antennas of the antennal structure comprise both patches of generally circular shape at least partially superimposed, each elementary emission antenna being sized to emit at least one electromagnetic wave having a frequency between 27 GHz and 31 GHz, and or the antennal antennas receiving the antennal structure both have patches of generally circular shape at least partially superimposed, each receiving elementary antenna being sized to receive at least one electromagnetic wave having a frequency between 17.3 GHz and 21, 2 GHz.
  • the elementary transmission antennas and the elementary reception antennas are arranged in staggered rows.
  • the emission surface is of generally rectangular shape and comprises at least two sets of a plurality of elementary transmission antennas each forming a network, the elementary transmission antennas of each set being along a clean line of this set, each line being parallel to the other clean lines, and / or the reception surface is of generally rectangular shape and comprises at least two sets of a plurality of elementary reception antennas each forming a network, the elementary receiving antennas each set being along a clean line of this set, each line being parallel to the other clean lines.

En outre, l'invention se rapporte aussi à une plateforme, notamment aérienne, comprenant au moins une structure antennaire telle que décrite précédemment.In addition, the invention also relates to a platform, including an aerial platform, comprising at least one antennal structure as described above.

La présente invention a également pour objet un procédé de télécommunication notamment par satellite, entre deux stations comprenant au moins l'une des étapes suivantes : une étape d'émission d'ondes électromagnétiques présentant une fréquence comprise entre 27 GHz et 31 GHz par une structure antennaire telle que précédemment décrite et une étape de réception d'ondes électromagnétiques présentant une fréquence comprise entre 17,3 GHz et 21,2 GHz par une structure antennaire telle que précédemment décrite.The subject of the present invention is also a telecommunication method, especially via satellite, between two stations comprising at least one of the following steps: a step of emitting electromagnetic waves having a frequency between 27 GHz and 31 GHz by an antenna structure as previously described and a step of receiving electromagnetic waves having a frequency between 17.3 GHz and 21.2 GHz by an antenna structure as previously described.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit, de modes de réalisation de l'invention, donnée à titre d'exemple uniquement et en référence aux dessins qui sont :

  • figure 1, un schéma d'une structure antennaire propre à fonctionner sur la bande Ka,
  • figure 2, un schéma en perspective d'une antenne élémentaire fonctionnant sur la bande Tx ;
  • figures 3 et 4, des graphiques montrant respectivement l'évolution du taux d'ellipticité et du taux d'ondes stationnaires de l'antenne élémentaire de la figure 2 sur la bande Tx en fonction de la fréquence de fonctionnement ;
  • figure 5, un schéma d'un réseau comprenant un ensemble d'antennes élémentaires selon la figure 2 ;
  • figures 6 et 7, des graphiques montrant l'évolution du taux d'ellipticité et du taux d'ondes stationnaires du réseau de la figure 5 en fonction de la fréquence de fonctionnement ;
  • figure 8, un graphique montrant l'évolution du gain de la structure antennaire selon la figure 5 en fonction de l'angle d'élévation ;
  • figure 9, un schéma d'un panneau fonctionnant sur la bande Tx et comprenant des réseaux selon la figure 5 ;
  • figures 10 et 11, des graphiques montrant l'évolution du gain du panneau de la figure 9 en fonction de l'angle d'élévation et pour un angle d'azimut donné ;
  • figure 12, un graphique montrant l'évolution du taux d'ellipticité du panneau de la figure 9 en fonction de la fréquence de fonctionnement ;
  • figure 13, un graphique montrant l'évolution du gain du panneau de la figure 9 en fonction de l'angle d'azimut lorsqu'un dépointage est mis en oeuvre ;
  • figure 14, un schéma en perspective d'une antenne élémentaire fonctionnant en bande Rx ;
  • figures 15 et 16, des graphiques montrant l'évolution du taux d'ellipticité et du taux d'ondes stationnaires pour l'antenne élémentaire de la figure 14 sur la bande Rx en fonction de la fréquence de fonctionnement ;
  • figure 17, un schéma d'un réseau comprenant un ensemble d'antennes élémentaires selon la figure 14 ;
  • figures 18 et 19, des graphiques montrant l'évolution du taux d'ellipticité et du taux d'ondes stationnaires du réseau de la figure 17 en fonction de la fréquence de fonctionnement ;
  • figure 20, un graphique montrant l'évolution du gain du réseau de la figure 17 en fonction de l'angle d'élévation ;
  • figure 21, un schéma d'un panneau fonctionnant sur la bande Rx et comprenant des réseaux selon la figure 17 ;
  • figures 22 et 23, des graphiques montrant l'évolution du gain du panneau de la figure 21 en fonction de l'angle d'élévation et respectivement de l'angle d'azimut, et
  • figure 24, un graphique montrant l'évolution du taux d'ellipticité du panneau de la figure 21 en fonction de la fréquence de fonctionnement.
Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following detailed description of embodiments of the invention, given by way of example only and with reference to the drawings which are:
  • figure 1 , a diagram of an antenna structure adapted to operate on the Ka band,
  • figure 2 , a perspective diagram of an elementary antenna operating on the Tx band;
  • Figures 3 and 4 , graphs respectively showing the evolution of the ellipticity rate and the stationary wave rate of the elementary antenna of the figure 2 on the Tx band as a function of the operating frequency;
  • figure 5 , a diagram of a network comprising a set of elementary antennas according to the figure 2 ;
  • figures 6 and 7 , graphs showing the evolution of the ellipticity rate and the standing wave figure 5 depending on the operating frequency;
  • figure 8 , a graph showing the evolution of the gain of the antenna structure according to the figure 5 depending on the elevation angle;
  • figure 9 , a diagram of a panel operating on the Tx band and including networks according to the figure 5 ;
  • figures 10 and 11 , graphs showing the evolution of the gain of the panel of the figure 9 depending on the elevation angle and for a given azimuth angle;
  • figure 12 , a graph showing the evolution of the ellipticity rate of the panel of the figure 9 depending on the operating frequency;
  • figure 13 , a graph showing the evolution of the panel's gain figure 9 depending on the azimuth angle when misalignment is used;
  • figure 14 , a perspective diagram of an elementary antenna operating in Rx band;
  • Figures 15 and 16 , graphs showing the evolution of the ellipticity rate and the standing wave ratio for the elementary antenna of the figure 14 on the Rx band as a function of the operating frequency;
  • figure 17 , a diagram of a network comprising a set of elementary antennas according to the figure 14 ;
  • Figures 18 and 19 , graphs showing the evolution of the ellipticity rate and the standing wave figure 17 depending on the operating frequency;
  • figure 20 , a graph showing the evolution of the network gain of the figure 17 depending on the elevation angle;
  • figure 21 , a diagram of a panel operating on the Rx band and comprising networks according to the figure 17 ;
  • figures 22 and 23 , graphs showing the evolution of the gain of the panel of the figure 21 depending on the elevation angle and the azimuth angle, and
  • figure 24 , a graph showing the evolution of the ellipticity rate of the panel of the figure 21 depending on the operating frequency.

Dans le cadre d'une application de télécommunications, notamment par satellites dans la bande Ka, il est proposé une structure antennaire 10 comportant une surface d'émission 11 Tx et une surface de réception 11 Rx telle que représentée à la figure 1.In the context of a telecommunications application, in particular by means of satellites in the Ka band, an antenna structure 10 having a transmitting surface 11 Tx and a receiving surface 11 Rx as shown in FIG. figure 1 .

Dans l'exemple présenté, la surface d'émission 11 Tx présente une forme générale rectangulaire et la surface de réception 11 Rx présente également une forme générale rectangulaire. Chaque surface d'émission 11Tx et de réception 11Rx accueille une pluralité d'antennes élémentaires 12Tx (pour l'émission) et 12Rx (pour la réception).In the example shown, the transmission surface 11 Tx has a generally rectangular shape and the receiving surface 11 Rx also has a generally rectangular shape. Each 11Tx transmit and receive 11Rx surface accommodates a plurality of elementary antennas 12Tx (for transmission) and 12Rx (for reception).

L'ensemble de la surface d'émission 11Tx et de la pluralité d'antennes élémentaires 12Tx forme un panneau d'émission 13Tx alors que l'ensemble de la surface de réception 11 Rx et de la pluralité d'antennes élémentaires 12Rx forme un panneau de réception 13Rx.The entire transmission surface 11Tx and the plurality of elementary antennas 12Tx form a transmission panel 13Tx while the entire reception surface 11 Rx and the plurality of elementary antennas 12Rx form a panel 13Rx reception.

Dans la suite, la structure du panneau d'émission 13Tx est détaillée en décrivant successivement une antenne élémentaire 12Tx pour l'émission (figures 2 à 4), une ligne comportant une pluralité d'antennes élémentaires 12Tx pour l'émission (figure 5 à 8) puis le panneau d'émission 13Tx lui-même (figures 9 à 13).Une antenne élémentaire 12Tx pour l'émission est représentée sur la figure 2. Cela implique que l'antenne élémentaire 12Tx est propre à émettre une onde électromagnétique dont la longueur d'onde est notée λ0, cette longueur d'onde λ0 correspondant à une fréquence centrale de la bande comprise entre 27 GHz et 31 GHz.In the following, the structure of the transmission panel 13Tx is detailed by successively describing an elementary antenna 12Tx for transmission ( Figures 2 to 4 ), a line having a plurality of elementary antennas 12Tx for transmission ( figure 5 to 8 ) then the 13Tx transmission panel itself ( Figures 9 to 13 ) .An elementary antenna 12Tx for transmission is represented on the figure 2 . This implies that the elementary antenna 12Tx is able to emit an electromagnetic wave whose wavelength is noted λ0, this wavelength λ0 corresponding to a central frequency of the band between 27 GHz and 31 GHz.

L'antenne élémentaire 12Tx comporte deux patchs 14Tx, 16Tx au moins partiellement superposés.The elementary antenna 12Tx comprises two patches 14Tx, 16Tx at least partially superimposed.

Chaque patch 14Tx, 16Tx est de forme circulaire.Each 14Tx, 16Tx patch is circular in shape.

Le premier patch 14Tx comporte une première couche métallisée 18Tx et une première couche isolante 20Tx, la première couche métallisée 18Tx étant agencée sur la couche isolante 20Tx.The first patch 14Tx comprises a first metallized layer 18Tx and a first insulating layer 20Tx, the first metallized layer 18Tx being arranged on the insulating layer 20Tx.

La première couche métallisée 18Tx est de forme circulaire et présente un premier diamètre d1Tx.The first metallized layer 18Tx is circular in shape and has a first diameter d1Tx.

La forme de la première couche métallisée 18Tx confère au premier patch 14Tx une forme circulaire.The shape of the first metallized layer 18Tx gives the first patch 14Tx a circular shape.

Le deuxième patch 16Tx comporte également une deuxième couche métallisée 22Tx et une deuxième couche isolante 24Tx, la deuxième couche métallisée 22Tx étant agencée sur la deuxième couche isolante 24Tx.The second patch 16Tx also comprises a second metallized layer 22Tx and a second insulating layer 24Tx, the second metallized layer 22Tx being arranged on the second insulating layer 24Tx.

La deuxième couche métallisée 22Tx comporte une partie circulaire 26Tx et deux accès 28Tx, 30Tx d'alimentation en courant.The second metal layer 22Tx has a circular portion 26Tx and two access 28Tx, 30Tx power supply.

La partie circulaire 26Tx est de forme circulaire et présente un deuxième diamètre noté d2Tx. Le premier accès 28Tx comporte deux premiers tronçons 32Tx et 34Tx, un premier tronçon proximal 32Tx en contact avec la partie circulaire 26Tx et un premier tronçon distal 34Tx par rapport à la partie circulaire 26Tx.The circular portion 26Tx is circular in shape and has a second diameter denoted d2Tx. The first access 28Tx comprises two first sections 32Tx and 34Tx, a first proximal section 32Tx in contact with the circular portion 26Tx and a first distal section 34Tx with respect to the circular portion 26Tx.

Le premier tronçon proximal 32Tx est rectiligne et s'étend le long d'une direction dite première direction proximale. Le premier tronçon proximal 32Tx est normal par rapport à la portion de la partie circulaire 26Tx avec laquelle le premier tronçon proximal 32Tx est en contact.The first proximal section 32Tx is rectilinear and extends along a direction said first proximal direction. The first proximal section 32Tx is normal to the portion of the circular portion 26Tx with which the first proximal section 32Tx is in contact.

Le premier tronçon distal 34Tx est rectiligne et s'étend dans le prolongement du tronçon proximal 32Tx le long d'une direction dite première direction distale. Les premières directions proximale et distale font un angle supérieur à 90° entre elles. De préférence, l'angle entre la première direction proximale et la première direction distale est compris entre 120° et 145°.The first distal section 34Tx is rectilinear and extends in the extension of the proximal section 32Tx along a direction said first distal direction. The first proximal and distal directions make an angle greater than 90 ° between them. Preferably, the angle between the first proximal direction and the first distal direction is between 120 ° and 145 °.

De même, le deuxième accès 30Tx comporte deux deuxièmes tronçons 38Tx et 40Tx, un deuxième tronçon proximal 38Tx en contact avec la partie circulaire 26Tx et un deuxième tronçon distal 40Tx par rapport à la partie circulaire 26Tx.Similarly, the second port 30Tx comprises two second sections 38Tx and 40Tx, a second proximal section 38Tx in contact with the circular portion 26Tx and a second distal section 40Tx with respect to the circular portion 26Tx.

Le deuxième tronçon proximal 38Tx est rectiligne et s'étend le long d'une direction dite deuxième direction proximale. Le deuxième tronçon proximal 38Tx est normal par rapport à la portion de la partie circulaire 26Tx avec laquelle le deuxième tronçon proximal 38Tx est en contact.The second proximal portion 38Tx is rectilinear and extends along a direction said second proximal direction. The second proximal portion 38Tx is normal with respect to the portion of the circular portion 26Tx with which the second proximal portion 38Tx is in contact.

Selon l'exemple de la figure 2, les deux directions proximales forment un angle entre elles inférieur à 180°. Ainsi, chaque accès 28Tx, 30Tx est dans un secteur angulaire présentant un angle par rapport au centre de la partie circulaire inférieur à 180°.According to the example of the figure 2 the two proximal directions form an angle between them less than 180 °. Thus, each access 28Tx, 30Tx is in an angular sector having an angle with respect to the center of the circular portion of less than 180 °.

Autrement formulé, la distance entre les deux accès 28Tx et 30Tx est inférieure à 0,5*λ0 pour permettre la réalisation de la fonction de pointage par déphasage avec le moins de dégradation des lobes secondaires afin de rester compatibles des gabarits de normalisation. Préférentiellement, la distance entre les deux accès 28Tx et 30Tx est inférieure ou égale à 0.42*λ0.Otherwise formulated, the distance between the two accesses 28Tx and 30Tx is less than 0.5 * λ0 to allow the realization of the function of pointing by phase shift with the least degradation of the side lobes to remain compatible normalization templates. Preferably, the distance between the two accesses 28Tx and 30Tx is less than or equal to 0.42 * λ0.

Le deuxième tronçon distal 40Tx est rectiligne et s'étend dans le prolongement du deuxième tronçon proximal 38Tx le long d'une direction dite deuxième direction distale. Les deuxièmes directions proximale et distale font un angle supérieur à 90° entre elles. De préférence, l'angle entre la deuxième direction proximale et la deuxième direction distale est compris entre 120° et 145°.The second distal section 40Tx is rectilinear and extends in the extension of the second proximal section 38Tx along a direction said second distal direction. The second proximal and distal directions are at an angle greater than 90 ° to each other. Preferably, the angle between the second proximal direction and the second distal direction is between 120 ° and 145 °.

La forme de la deuxième couche métallisée 22Tx confère au deuxième patch 16Tx une forme générale circulaire de sorte qu'il est considéré de manière simplifiée dans la suite que le deuxième patch 16Tx présente une forme circulaire.The shape of the second metallized layer 22Tx gives the second patch 16Tx a generally circular shape so that it is considered in a simplified manner in the following that the second patch 16Tx has a circular shape.

Ainsi, notamment, il est considéré que le deuxième diamètre d2Tx de la partie circulaire 26Tx est le diamètre du deuxième patch 16Tx.Thus, in particular, it is considered that the second diameter d2Tx of the circular portion 26Tx is the diameter of the second patch 16Tx.

De préférence, le premier diamètre d1Tx et le deuxième diamètre d2Tx peuvent être identiques.Preferably, the first diameter d1Tx and the second diameter d2Tx may be identical.

Les deux patchs 14Tx et 16Tx sont au moins partiellement superposés. Cela signifie que les deux patchs 14Tx et 16Tx sont au moins partiellement alignés le long d'une première direction Z.The two patches 14Tx and 16Tx are at least partially superimposed. This means that the two patches 14Tx and 16Tx are at least partially aligned along a first direction Z.

Selon l'exemple particulier de la figure 2, les deux patchs 14Tx et 16Tx sont superposés. Cela signifie que la projection de la partie circulaire 26Tx sur le plan comprenant la première couche métallisée 18Tx est confondue avec la première couche métallisée 18Tx.According to the particular example of the figure 2 , the two patches 14Tx and 16Tx are superimposed. This means that the projection of the circular portion 26Tx on the plane comprising the first metallized layer 18Tx coincides with the first metallized layer 18Tx.

En outre, la partie circulaire 26Tx et la première couche métallisée 18Tx sont parallèles. Les deux patchs 14Tx et 16Tx sont ainsi espacés selon une première direction Z d'une distance notée ezTx.In addition, the circular portion 26Tx and the first metallized layer 18Tx are parallel. The two patches 14Tx and 16Tx are thus spaced in a first direction Z by a distance denoted ezTx.

De préférence, la distance ezTx d'espacement entre les deux patchs 14Tx et 16Tx le long de la première direction Z est comprise entre 0,5 millimètre (mm) et 2,0 mm. Avantageusement, la distance ezTx d'espacement entre les deux patchs 14Tx et 16Tx le long de la première direction Z est comprise entre 0,75 mm et 1,5 mm.Preferably, the distance ezTx spacing between the two patches 14Tx and 16Tx along the first direction Z is between 0.5 millimeters (mm) and 2.0 mm. Advantageously, the distance ezTx spacing between the two patches 14Tx and 16Tx along the first direction Z is between 0.75 mm and 1.5 mm.

De manière connue en soi, la distance ezTx d'espacement entre les deux patchs 14Tx et 16Tx le long de la première direction Z, le diamètre d1Tx et d2Tx des patchs 14Tx et 16Tx permettent de déterminer la ou les fréquences à laquelle (ou auxquelles) l'antenne élémentaire 12Tx est propre à émettre.In a manner known per se, the spacing distance ezTx between the two patches 14Tx and 16Tx along the first direction Z, the diameter d1Tx and d2Tx of the patches 14Tx and 16Tx make it possible to determine the frequency or frequencies at which (or which) the elementary antenna 12Tx is adapted to emit.

L'antenne élémentaire 12Tx est dimensionnée pour émettre des fréquences comprises entre 27 GHz et 31 GHz (bande Tx). Cela signifie qu'une telle antenne élémentaire 12Tx présente des premier et deuxième diamètres d1Tx, d2Tx compris entre 2,5 mm et 4 mm. La borne supérieure correspond au produit de 0,4 par la longueur d'onde λ0 que l'antenne élémentaire 12Tx est propre à émettre.The elementary antenna 12Tx is sized to transmit frequencies between 27 GHz and 31 GHz (Tx band). This means that such an elementary antenna 12Tx has first and second diameters d1Tx, d2Tx between 2.5 mm and 4 mm. The upper bound corresponds to the product of 0.4 by the wavelength λ0 that the elementary antenna 12Tx is able to emit.

De manière alternative, au lieu d'une condition sur les diamètres d1Tx, d2Tx, il est imposé une contrainte sur la géométrie du deuxième patch 16Tx. Le deuxième patch 16Tx est alors inscriptible dans un rectangle dont l'extension exTx le long d'une deuxième direction X est comprise entre 4,0 mm et 4,4 mm et l'extension eyTx le long d'une troisième direction Y est comprise entre 3,8 mm et 4,2 mm. Les deux directions X et Y sont perpendiculaires entre elles et à la première direction Z.Alternatively, instead of a condition on the diameters d1Tx, d2Tx, a constraint on the geometry of the second patch 16Tx is imposed. The second patch 16Tx is then writable in a rectangle whose extension exTx along a second direction X is between 4.0 mm and 4.4 mm and the eyTx extension along a third direction Y is included between 3.8 mm and 4.2 mm. The two directions X and Y are perpendicular to each other and to the first direction Z.

Les performances de l'antenne élémentaire 12Tx pour l'émission sont maintenant décrites en référence aux figures 3 et 4.The performances of the elementary antenna 12Tx for the emission are now described with reference to the Figures 3 and 4 .

Les figures 3 et 4 montrent que sur toute la bande d'intérêt (dans ce cas, il s'agit de la bande Tx), le taux d'ellipticité est relativement faible ainsi que le taux d'ondes stationnaires (noté pour simplifier par l'acronyme correspondant, à savoir TOS, dans toutes les figures dans lequel ce taux apparaît).The Figures 3 and 4 show that over the entire band of interest (in this case, it is the Tx band), the ellipticity rate is relatively low as well as the standing wave ratio (noted for simplicity by the corresponding acronym, namely TOS, in all the figures in which this rate appears).

L'antenne élémentaire 12Tx présente donc une large bande, soit une bande supérieure à 5% autour de la fréquence centrale de fonctionnement, à polarisation circulaire et une très bonne efficacité de rayonnement (notamment le rapport axial pour une aussi petite antenne est meilleur que dans l'état de la technique et l'apodisation du diagramme de rayonnement pour l'onde émise est facilitée lors de la mise en réseau).The elementary antenna 12Tx therefore has a wide band, ie a band greater than 5% around the central operating frequency, with circular polarization and very good radiation efficiency (in particular the axial ratio for such a small antenna is better than in the state of the art and the apodization of the radiation pattern for the transmitted wave is facilitated during networking).

Il est à noter que le mode de réalisation illustré, les deux patchs 14Tx et 16Tx sont agencés de sorte que la deuxième couche métallique 22Tx fait face à la première couche isolante 20Tx.It should be noted that the illustrated embodiment, the two patches 14Tx and 16Tx are arranged so that the second metal layer 22Tx faces the first insulating layer 20Tx.

En variante, les deux patchs 14Tx et 16Tx sont agencés de sorte que la deuxième couche métallique 22Tx fait face à la première couche métallique 18Tx.Alternatively, the two patches 14Tx and 16Tx are arranged so that the second metal layer 22Tx faces the first metal layer 18Tx.

Il est également proposé un réseau 50Tx tel qu'illustré par la figure 5, comprenant une pluralité d'antennes élémentaires 12Tx pour l'émission.It is also proposed a 50Tx network as illustrated by the figure 5 , comprising a plurality of elementary antennas 12Tx for transmission.

Selon l'exemple particulier de la figure 5, le réseau 50Tx comprend vingt-quatre antennes élémentaires 12Tx.According to the particular example of the figure 5 , the network 50Tx comprises twenty-four elementary antennas 12Tx.

De façon générale, une association d'un nombre plus important d'antennes élémentaires 12Tx est possible en fonction des dimensions globales et des performances souhaitées notamment au niveau gain du réseau 50Tx.In general, an association of a larger number of 12Tx elementary antennas is possible depending on the overall dimensions and the desired performances, particularly at the gain level of the 50Tx network.

Chaque antenne élémentaire 12Tx de la figure 5 est identique à l'antenne élémentaire 12Tx décrite en référence à la figure 2.Each elementary antenna 12Tx of the figure 5 is identical to the elementary antenna 12Tx described with reference to the figure 2 .

En variante, certaines antennes sont différentes.Alternatively, some antennas are different.

Les antennes élémentaires 12Tx sont agencées régulièrement le long d'une ligne formant ainsi le réseau 50Tx. En outre, les antennes élémentaires 12Tx sont connectées entre elles pour former le réseau 50Tx. La connexion se fait par l'intermédiaire de deux lignes rectilignes qui assurent l'alimentation du réseau unitaire. Le réseau 50Tx ainsi formé à l'émission possède deux accès qui permettent, en fonction de l'alimentation, de rayonner une onde électromagnétique dans la bande de fréquence souhaitée selon la polarisation circulaire désirée.The elementary antennas 12Tx are arranged regularly along a line thus forming the network 50Tx. In addition, the elementary antennas 12Tx are connected together to form the network 50Tx. The connection is made via two straight lines that provide power to the unit network. The 50Tx network thus formed on transmission has two ports which, depending on the power supply, can radiate an electromagnetic wave in the desired frequency band according to the desired circular polarization.

Dans l'exemple de la figure 5, le réseau 50Tx présente une extension ex2Tx le long de la deuxième direction X comprise entre 4 mm et 6 mm. De préférence, l'extension ex2Tx le long de la deuxième direction X est comprise entre 4,5 mm et 5,5 mm.In the example of the figure 5 , the network 50Tx has an extension ex2Tx along the second direction X between 4 mm and 6 mm. Preferably, the extension ex2Tx along the second direction X is between 4.5 mm and 5.5 mm.

Dans l'exemple de la figure 5, le réseau 50Tx présente également une extension ey2Tx le long de la troisième direction Y comprise entre 160 mm et 190 mm. De préférence, l'extension ey2Tx le long de la troisième direction Y est comprise entre 165 mm et 185 mm.In the example of the figure 5 , the network 50Tx also has an extension ey2Tx along the third direction Y between 160 mm and 190 mm. Preferably, the extension ey2Tx along the third direction Y is between 165 mm and 185 mm.

En fonctionnement, chaque antenne élémentaire 12Tx du réseau 50Tx est alimentée par une onde électromagnétique. Chaque antenne élémentaire 12Tx capte le champ électrique issu de cette onde électromagnétique pour que le réseau 50Tx émette une onde dans la bande de fréquence souhaitée.In operation, each elementary antenna 12Tx of the network 50Tx is powered by an electromagnetic wave. Each elementary antenna 12Tx captures the electric field from this electromagnetic wave so that the network 50Tx emits a wave in the desired frequency band.

Les performances en termes de taux d'ellipticité et de taux d'ondes stationnaires et avantages octroyés par le réseau 50Tx sont similaires aux performances et avantages octroyés par l'antenne élémentaire 12Tx de la figure 2 ainsi que le montre l'étude des figures 6 et 7.The performances in terms of ellipticity rate and standing wave ratio and advantages granted by the 50Tx network are similar to the performances and advantages granted by the elementary antenna 12Tx of the figure 2 as shown by the study of figures 6 and 7 .

En outre, il apparaît sur la figure 8 que le réseau 50Tx présente un gain de l'ordre de 20 dB, ce qui témoigne de la bonne efficacité de rayonnement de la structure antennaire au regard de ses dimensions, c'est-à-dire de l'extension ex2Tx le long de la deuxième direction X et de l'extension ey2Tx le long de la troisième direction Y.In addition, it appears on the figure 8 that the 50Tx network has a gain of the order of 20 dB, which shows the good radiation efficiency of the antenna structure with respect to its dimensions, that is to say the extension ex2Tx along the second direction X and extension ey2Tx along the third direction Y.

La figure 9 illustre le panneau d'émission 13Tx de la figure 1. Les éléments identiques au mode de réalisation de la figure 5 ne sont pas décrits à nouveau. Seules les différences sont mises en évidence.The figure 9 illustrates the 13Tx emission panel of the figure 1 . The elements identical to the embodiment of the figure 5 are not described again. Only the differences are highlighted.

Le panneau d'émission 13Tx comporte huit réseaux 50Tx au lieu d'un seul réseau 50Tx.The 13Tx transmit panel has eight 50Tx networks instead of a single 50Tx network.

De façon générale, une association d'un nombre plus important de réseaux 50Tx est possible en fonction des dimensions globales et des performances souhaitées notamment au niveau gain et ouverture de rayonnement.In general, an association of a larger number of 50Tx networks is possible depending on the overall dimensions and the desired performances, especially in terms of gain and radiation aperture.

En l'occurrence, le nombre d'antennes pour le réseau 50Tx est choisi en fonction d'une contrainte dimensionnelle appliquée le long de la troisième direction Y.In this case, the number of antennas for the network 50Tx is chosen according to a dimensional constraint applied along the third direction Y.

Chaque réseau 50Tx est parallèle aux autres réseaux 50Tx.Each 50Tx network is parallel to other 50Tx networks.

Les antennes élémentaires 12Tx sont agencées en quinconce. Un tel agencement permet de conserver les performances en terme de stabilité du taux d'ellipticité lors de la mise en réseau de la structure globale ainsi que lors de la réalisation du pointage par déphasage.The elementary antennas 12Tx are arranged in staggered rows. Such an arrangement makes it possible to maintain the performances in terms of stability of the ellipticity rate during the networking of the overall structure as well as during the achievement of the phase shift pointing.

En outre, dans l'exemple de la figure 9, le panneau d'émission 13Tx présente une extension ex3Tx le long de la deuxième direction X comprise entre 40 mm et 50 mm. De préférence, l'extension ex3Tx le long de la deuxième direction X est comprise entre 45 mm et 48 mm. L'extension ex3Tx le long de la deuxième direction X est liée au nombre d'antennes réseaux 50Tx considéré. Dans le cas présenté sur la figure 9, l'extension ex3Tx le long de la deuxième direction X correspond à environ neuf fois la taille d'une antenne élémentaire.In addition, in the example of figure 9 , the emission panel 13Tx has an extension ex3Tx along the second direction X between 40 mm and 50 mm. Preferably, the extension ex3Tx along the second direction X is between 45 mm and 48 mm. The ex3Tx extension along the second X direction is related to the number of 50Tx network antennas considered. In the case presented on the figure 9 the extension ex3Tx along the second direction X is about nine times the size of an elemental antenna.

Dans l'exemple de la figure 9, le panneau d'émission 13Tx présente également une extension ey3Tx le long de la troisième direction Y comprise entre 160 mm et 190 mm. De préférence, l'extension ey3Tx le long de la troisième direction Y est comprise entre 165 mm et 185 mm. L'extension ey3Tx le long de la troisième direction Y est liée au nombre d'antennes élémentaires 12Tx considéré.In the example of the figure 9 , the transmission panel 13Tx also has an extension ey3Tx along the third direction Y between 160 mm and 190 mm. Preferably, the extension ey3Tx along the third direction Y is between 165 mm and 185 mm. The extension ey3Tx along the third direction Y is related to the number of elementary antennas 12Tx considered.

Les performances en termes de taux d'ellipticité et avantages octroyés par le panneau d'émission 13Tx sont similaires aux performances et avantages octroyés par l'antenne élémentaire 12Tx de la figure 2 ainsi que le montre l'étude de la figure 12.The performance in terms of ellipticity rate and advantages granted by the emission panel 13Tx are similar to the performances and advantages granted by the elementary antenna 12Tx of the figure 2 as shown by the study of the figure 12 .

En outre, il apparaît sur les figures 10 et 11 que le panneau d'émission 13Tx présente un gain de l'ordre de 28 dB, ce qui correspond à une structure antennaire compacte efficace à la fréquence de fonctionnement considérée.In addition, it appears on figures 10 and 11 that the transmission panel 13Tx has a gain of the order of 28 dB, which corresponds to a compact antennal structure effective at the operating frequency considered.

De plus, lorsqu'un dépointage est effectué, il peut être montré par comparaison notamment des figures 11 et 13 que le gain de 26 dB est obtenu dans une direction relativement éloignée déterminée par un angle d'azimut de 30°. Le panneau d'émission 13Tx proposé est donc robuste au dépointage avec de très faible remontée des lobes secondaires.Moreover, when a misalignment is carried out, it can be shown by comparison, in particular figures 11 and 13 that the gain of 26 dB is obtained in a relatively distant direction determined by an azimuth angle of 30 °. The proposed transmission panel 13Tx is therefore robust to misalignment with very low rise of the sidelobes.

Dans la suite, la structure du panneau de réception 13Rx de la figure 1 est détaillée en décrivant successivement une antenne élémentaire 12Rx pour la réception (figures 14 à 16), une ligne comportant une pluralité d'antennes élémentaires 12Rx pour la réception (figures 17 à 20) puis le panneau de réception 13Rx lui-même (figures 21 à 24).In the following, the structure of the reception panel 13Rx of the figure 1 is detailed by successively describing an elementary antenna 12Rx for reception ( Figures 14 to 16 ), a line comprising a plurality of elementary antennas 12Rx for reception ( Figures 17 to 20 ) then the reception panel 13Rx itself ( Figures 21 to 24 ).

La figure 14 illustre une antenne élémentaire 12Rx pour la réception. Les éléments identiques à l'antenne élémentaire 12Tx pour l'émission de la figure 2 ne sont pas décrits à nouveau. Seules les différences sont mises en évidence.The figure 14 illustrates a basic antenna 12Rx for reception. Elements identical to the elementary antenna 12Tx for the transmission of the figure 2 are not described again. Only the differences are highlighted.

Les signes de références des éléments de l'antenne élémentaire 12Rx pour la réception sont suivis d'un suffixe Rx au lieu du suffixe Tx pour les éléments correspondants de l'antenne élémentaire 12Rx.The reference signs of the elements of the elementary antenna 12Rx for reception are followed by a suffix Rx instead of the suffix Tx for the corresponding elements of the elementary antenna 12Rx.

Une antenne élémentaire 12Rx pour la réception est représentée sur la figure 14. Cela implique que l'antenne élémentaire 12Rx est propre à recevoir une onde électromagnétique dont la longueur d'onde est notée λ0, cette longueur d'onde λ0 correspondant à une fréquence comprise entre 17,3 GHz et 21,2 GHz.An elementary antenna 12Rx for reception is represented on the figure 14 . This implies that the elementary antenna 12Rx is adapted to receive an electromagnetic wave whose wavelength is noted λ0, this wavelength λ0 corresponding to a frequency between 17.3 GHz and 21.2 GHz.

Aussi, l'antenne élémentaire 12Rx est dimensionnée pour recevoir des fréquences comprises entre 17,3 GHz et 21,2 GHz (bande Rx). Cela signifie qu'une telle antenne élémentaire 12Rx présente des premier et deuxième diamètres d1 Rx, d2Rx compris entre 4,5 mm et 7 mm.Also, the elementary antenna 12Rx is sized to receive frequencies between 17.3 GHz and 21.2 GHz (Rx band). This means that such an elementary antenna 12Rx has first and second diameters d1 Rx, d2Rx between 4.5 mm and 7 mm.

De manière alternative, au lieu d'une condition sur les diamètres d1 Rx, d2Rx, il est imposé une contrainte sur le deuxième patch 16Rx. Le deuxième patch 16Rx est alors inscriptible dans un rectangle dont l'extension exRx le long de la deuxième direction X est comprise entre 6,6 mm et 7,0 mm et l'extension eyRx le long de la troisième direction Y est comprise entre 6,0 mm et 6,4 mm.Alternatively, instead of a condition on the diameters d1 Rx, d2Rx, it is imposed a constraint on the second patch 16Rx. The second patch 16Rx is then writable in a rectangle whose extension exRx along the second direction X is between 6.6 mm and 7.0 mm and the eyRx extension along the third direction Y is between 6 , 0 mm and 6.4 mm.

Les performances de l'antenne élémentaire 12Rx pour la réception sont maintenant décrites en référence aux figures 15 et 16.The performance of the basic antenna 12Rx for reception is now described with reference to Figures 15 and 16 .

Les performances et avantages octroyés par l'antenne élémentaire 12Rx pour la réception sont similaires aux performances et avantages octroyés par l'antenne élémentaire 12Tx pour l'émission ainsi que le montre l'étude des figures 15 et 16.The performance and benefits of the 12Rx basic antenna for reception are similar to the performance and benefits of the 12Tx elementary antenna for the broadcast, as shown by the study of Figures 15 and 16 .

La figure 17 illustre un réseau 50Rx pour la réception selon l'invention. Selon l'exemple particulier de la figure 17, le réseau 50Rx comprend dix-huit antennes élémentaires 12Rx.The figure 17 illustrates a 50Rx network for reception according to the invention. According to the particular example of the figure 17 , the network 50Rx comprises eighteen elementary antennas 12Rx.

De façon générale, une association d'un nombre plus important d'antennes élémentaires 12Rx est possible en fonction des dimensions globales et des performances souhaitées notamment au niveau gain du réseau 50Rx.In general, an association of a larger number of 12Rx elementary antennas is possible depending on the overall dimensions and the desired performances, especially at the gain level of the 50Rx network.

En l'occurrence, le nombre d'antennes pour le réseau 50Rx est choisi en fonction d'une contrainte dimensionnelle appliquée le long de la troisième direction Y.In this case, the number of antennas for the network 50Rx is chosen according to a dimensional constraint applied along the third direction Y.

Chaque antenne élémentaire 12Rx de la figure 17 est identique à l'antenne élémentaire 12Rx décrite en référence à la figure 14.Each elementary antenna 12Rx of the figure 17 is identical to the elementary antenna 12Rx described with reference to the figure 14 .

En variante, certaines antennes sont différentes.Alternatively, some antennas are different.

Les antennes élémentaires 12Rx sont agencées régulièrement le long d'une ligne formant ainsi le réseau 50Rx. En outre, les antennes élémentaires 12Rx sont connectées entre elles pour former le réseau 50Rx. La connexion se fait par l'intermédiaire d'une ligne rectiligne qui assure l'alimentation du réseau unitaire. Le réseau 50Rx ainsi formé à la réception possède deux accès qui permettent, en fonction de l'alimentation, de recevoir une onde électromagnétique dans la bande de fréquence souhaitée selon la polarisation circulaire désirée.The elementary antennas 12Rx are arranged regularly along a line thus forming the network 50Rx. In addition, the elementary antennas 12Rx are connected together to form the network 50Rx. The connection is made via a straight line that provides power to the unit network. The network 50Rx thus formed at the reception has two accesses which, depending on the power supply, allow an electromagnetic wave to be received in the desired frequency band according to the desired circular polarization.

Dans l'exemple de la figure 17, le réseau 50Rx présente une extension ex2Rx le long de la deuxième direction X comprise entre 6 mm et 8,5 mm. De préférence, l'extension ex2Rx le long de la deuxième direction X est comprise entre 7,6 mm et 8,0 mm.In the example of the figure 17 , the network 50Rx has an extension ex2Rx along the second direction X between 6 mm and 8.5 mm. Preferably, the extension ex2Rx along the second direction X is between 7.6 mm and 8.0 mm.

Dans l'exemple de la figure 17, le réseau 50Rx présente également une extension ey2Rx le long de la troisième direction Y comprise entre 180 mm et 200 mm. De préférence, l'extension ey2Rx le long de la troisième direction Y est comprise entre 185 mm et 195 mm. L'extension ey2Rx le long de la troisième direction Y est liée au nombre d'antennes élémentaire 12Rx considéré.In the example of the figure 17 , the network 50Rx also has an extension ey2Rx along the third direction Y between 180 mm and 200 mm. Preferably, the extension ey2Rx along the third direction Y is between 185 mm and 195 mm. The ey2Rx extension along the third Y direction is related to the number of elementary antennas 12Rx considered.

Les performances en termes de taux d'ellipticité et de taux d'ondes stationnaires octroyés par le réseau 50Rx sont similaires aux performances et avantages octroyés par l'antenne élémentaire 12Rx selon l'exemple de la figure 14 ainsi que le montre l'étude des figures 18 et 19.The performance in terms of ellipticity rate and standing wave ratio granted by the network 50Rx are similar to the performances and advantages granted by the elementary antenna 12Rx according to the example of the figure 14 as shown by the study of Figures 18 and 19 .

En outre, il apparaît sur la figure 20 que le réseau 50Rx présente un gain de l'ordre de 18 dB, ce qui correspond à une structure antennaire compacte efficace à la fréquence de fonctionnement considérée.In addition, it appears on the figure 20 that the 50Rx network has a gain of the order of 18 dB, which corresponds to a compact antennal structure effective at the operating frequency considered.

La figure 21 illustre le panneau de réception 13Rx de la figure 1. Les éléments identiques au mode de réalisation de la figure 17 ne sont pas décrits à nouveau. Seules les différences sont mises en évidence.The figure 21 illustrates the reception panel 13Rx of the figure 1 . The elements identical to the embodiment of the figure 17 are not described again. Only the differences are highlighted.

Le panneau de réception 13Rx comporte huit réseaux 50Rx au lieu d'un seul réseau 50Rx.The 13Rx receiving panel has eight 50Rx networks instead of a single 50Rx network.

De façon générale, une association d'un nombre plus important de réseaux 50Rx est possible en fonction des dimensions globales et des performances souhaitées notamment au niveau gain et ouverture de rayonnement.In general, an association of a larger number of 50Rx networks is possible depending on the overall dimensions and the desired performances, especially in terms of gain and radiation opening.

Chaque réseau 50Rx est parallèle aux autres réseaux 50Rx.Each 50Rx network is parallel to other 50Rx networks.

Les antennes élémentaires 12Rx sont agencées en quinconce. Un tel agencement permet de conserver les performances en terme de stabilité du taux d'ellipticité lors de la mise en réseau de la structure globale ainsi que la réalisation du pointage par déphasage.The elementary antennas 12Rx are arranged in staggered rows. Such an arrangement makes it possible to maintain the performances in terms of stability of the ellipticity rate during the networking of the overall structure as well as the achievement of the phase shift pointing.

En outre, dans l'exemple de la figure 21, le panneau de réception 13Rx présente une extension ex3Rx le long de la deuxième direction X comprise entre 60 mm et 80 mm. De préférence, l'extension ex3Rx le long de la deuxième direction X est comprise entre 65 mm et 75 mm. L'extension ex3Rx le long de la deuxième direction X est liée au nombre de réseaux 50Tx considéré.In addition, in the example of figure 21 , the receiving panel 13Rx has an extension ex3Rx along the second direction X between 60 mm and 80 mm. Preferably, the extension ex3Rx along the second direction X is between 65 mm and 75 mm. The ex3Rx extension along the second X direction is related to the number of 50Tx networks considered.

Dans l'exemple de la figure 21, le panneau de réception 13Rx présente également une extension ey3Rx le long de la troisième direction Y comprise entre 190 mm et 210 mm. De préférence, l'extension ey3Rx le long de la troisième direction Y est comprise entre 195 mm et 205 mm. L'extension ey3Rx le long de la troisième direction Y est liée au nombre d'antennes élémentaires 12Tx considéré.In the example of the figure 21 , the receiving panel 13Rx also has an extension ey3Rx along the third direction Y between 190 mm and 210 mm. Preferably, the extension ey3Rx along the third direction Y is between 195 mm and 205 mm. The extension ey3Rx along the third direction Y is related to the number of elementary antennas 12Tx considered.

Les performances en termes de taux d'ellipticité et de gain et avantages octroyés par le panneau de réception 13Rx sont similaires aux performances et avantages octroyés par le réseau 50Rx de la figure 17 ainsi que le montre l'étude des figures 22 à 24.The performance in terms of ellipticity rate and gain and benefits granted by the reception panel 13Rx are similar to the performances and advantages granted by the network 50Rx of the figure 17 as shown by the study of Figures 22 to 24 .

Dans tous les modes de réalisation, du fait que l'antenne élémentaire 12 est large bande, de polarisation circulaire et présente une bonne efficacité de rayonnement, la structure antennaire 10 présente un encombrement réduit ainsi qu'un poids réduit par rapport aux structures antennaires de l'état de la technique pour des performances en terme de rayonnement identiques. Ce poids réduit permet de réduire les contraintes notamment dans le cas où l'antenne complète est accompagnée d'un positionneur mécanique.In all embodiments, because the elementary antenna 12 is broadband, of circular polarization and has good radiation efficiency, the antenna structure 10 has a reduced bulk and a reduced weight compared to the antenna structures of FIG. the state of the art for identical radiation performance. This reduced weight makes it possible to reduce the stresses, in particular in the case where the complete antenna is accompanied by a mechanical positioner.

De plus, la réalisation de cette structure antennaire 10 sur un substrat simple couche permet aisément d'insérer du côté arrière au niveau plan de masse, avec le moins de contrainte et d'impact sur les performances de rayonnement, les dispositifs de coupleur, alimentation et déphasage pour assurer le contrôle et choix de polarisation ainsi que de loi de phase et d'amplitude permettant d'orienter le diagramme de rayonnement dans la direction souhaitée en configuration de balayage électronique.Moreover, the realization of this antenna structure 10 on a single-layer substrate makes it easy to insert the rear side at ground plane level, with the least stress and impact on the radiation performance, coupler devices, power supply. and phase shift to provide control and choice of polarization as well as phase and amplitude law for orienting the radiation pattern in the desired direction in electronic scanning pattern.

La structure antennaire 10 est également capable d'émettre ou recevoir des ondes électromagnétiques polarisées circulairement sans utilisation d'un polariseur additionnel. Cette meilleure compacité s'accompagne d'un gain en légèreté et d'un gain en performance de rayonnement sur une large bande de fréquence compatibles avec l'application visée. En outre, la structure antennaire 10 est de réalisation aisée et peut être fabriquée à bas coût.The antenna structure 10 is also capable of transmitting or receiving circularly polarized electromagnetic waves without the use of an additional polarizer. This better compactness is accompanied by a gain in lightness and a gain in radiation performance over a wide frequency band compatible with the intended application. In addition, the antenna structure 10 is easy to produce and can be manufactured at low cost.

Ainsi, la structure antennaire 10 proposée est utilisable pour des applications de télécommunications entre deux stations, notamment par satellite. Il est à noter que dans ce cas, le diagramme de rayonnement de la structure antennaire 10 ainsi réalisée est conforme aux gabarits spécifiés pour être utilisé avec certains satellites.Thus, the proposed antenna structure 10 can be used for telecommunications applications between two stations, in particular by satellite. It should be noted that in this case, the radiation pattern of the antenna structure 10 thus produced is in accordance with the templates specified for use with certain satellites.

Une telle structure antennaire 10 est avantageusement utilisable dans une plateforme, notamment aérienne de type hélicoptère ou drone. Dans le cadre de cette utilisation, la compacité de la structure antennaire 10 permet de réduire les contraintes sur les implantations d'équipements dans la plateforme.Such an antenna structure 10 is advantageously usable in a platform, especially aerial type helicopter or drone. In the context of this use, the compactness of the antenna structure 10 makes it possible to reduce the constraints on the implementations of equipment in the platform.

La structure antennaire 10 présentée en référence à la figure 1 est un exemple de structure antennaire 10 présentant les propriétés de compacité décrites précédemment. D'autres structures antennaires 10 similaires sont également envisageables, notamment avec un nombre d'antennes élémentaires de réception 12Rx et/ou d'émission 12Tx différents et un agencement différent de celles-ci.The antennal structure 10 presented with reference to the figure 1 is an example of an antenna structure 10 having the compactness properties described above. Other similar antennal structures 10 are also conceivable, in particular with a number of different 12Rx elementary reception and / or 12Tx transmit antennas and a different arrangement of these.

Ces différentes structures antennaires 10 sont des structures antennaires pour télécommunications, en particulier satellitaire, présentant un encombrement réduit en terme de profondeur et des capacités de pointage en utilisant un principe de balayage électronique tout en permettant l'obtention d'une communication haut débit de bonne qualité, notamment en termes de gain, de taux d'ellipticité et de lobes secondaires compatibles des gabarits normatifs.These various antennal structures 10 are antennal structures for telecommunications, in particular satellite, having a reduced footprint in terms of depth and pointing capabilities by using an electronic scanning principle while allowing to obtain a good broadband communication. quality, especially in terms of gain, ellipticity rate and compatible side lobes of the normative templates.

Claims (10)

Structure antennaire (10) pour télécommunications, notamment par satellite, comportant : • une surface d'émission (11Tx) comprenant au moins un ensemble d'une pluralité d'antennes élémentaires d'émission (12Tx) formant un réseau (50Tx), au moins une antenne élémentaire d'émission (12Tx) comportant deux patchs (14Tx, 16Tx) de forme générale circulaire au moins partiellement superposés, ladite au moins une antenne élémentaire d'émission (12Tx) étant dimensionnée pour émettre au moins une onde électromagnétique présentant une fréquence comprise entre 27 GHz et 31 GHz, et • une surface de réception (11 Rx) comprenant au moins un ensemble d'une pluralité d'antennes élémentaires de réception (12Rx) formant un réseau (50Rx), au moins une antenne élémentaire de réception (12Rx) comportant deux patchs (14Rx, 16Rx) de forme générale circulaire au moins partiellement superposés, ladite au moins une antenne élémentaire de réception (12Rx) étant dimensionnée pour recevoir au moins une onde électromagnétique présentant une fréquence comprise entre 17,3 GHz et 21,2 GHz. Antenna structure (10) for telecommunications, in particular by satellite, comprising: A transmitting surface (11Tx) comprising at least one set of a plurality of elementary transmission antennas (12Tx) forming a network (50Tx), at least one elementary transmission antenna (12Tx) comprising two patches ( 14Tx, 16Tx) of at least partially superimposed circular shape, said at least one elementary transmission antenna (12Tx) being sized to emit at least one electromagnetic wave having a frequency of between 27 GHz and 31 GHz, and A receiving surface (11 Rx) comprising at least one set of a plurality of elementary receiving antennas (12Rx) forming a grating (50Rx), at least one receiving elementary antenna (12Rx) comprising two patches (14Rx), 16Rx) of at least partially superimposed circular shape, said at least one receiving elementary antenna (12Rx) being sized to receive at least one electromagnetic wave having a frequency between 17.3 GHz and 21.2 GHz. Structure antennaire selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle : • chaque patch (14Tx, 16Tx) de ladite au moins une antenne élémentaire d'émission (12Tx) présente un centre, ladite antenne élémentaire d'émission (12Tx) comportant deux accès (28Tx, 30Tx) d'alimentation propres à alimenter un des deux patchs (14Tx, 16Tx), chaque accès (28Tx, 30Tx) étant dans un secteur angulaire présentant un angle par rapport au centre du patch (14Tx, 16Tx) alimenté inférieur à 180°, et/ou • chaque patch (14Rx, 16Rx) de ladite au moins une antenne élémentaire de réception (12Rx) présente un centre, ladite antenne élémentaire de réception (12Rx) comportant deux accès (28Rx, 30Rx) d'alimentation propres à alimenter un des deux patchs (14Rx, 16Rx), chaque accès (28Rx, 30Rx) étant dans un secteur angulaire présentant un angle par rapport au centre du patch (14Rx, 16Rx) alimenté inférieur à 180°. Antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein: Each patch (14Tx, 16Tx) of said at least one elementary transmission antenna (12Tx) has a center, said elementary transmission antenna (12Tx) having two access ports (28Tx, 30Tx) for feeding one of the two patches (14Tx, 16Tx), each access (28Tx, 30Tx) being in an angular sector having an angle with respect to the center of the patch (14Tx, 16Tx) fed less than 180 °, and / or Each patch (14Rx, 16Rx) of said at least one receiving elementary antenna (12Rx) has a center, said elementary reception antenna (12Rx) having two feed accesses (28Rx, 30Rx) suitable for feeding one of the two patches (14Rx, 16Rx), each access (28Rx, 30Rx) being in an angular sector having an angle with respect to the center of the patch (14Rx, 16Rx) fed less than 180 °. Structure antennaire selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle : • les deux patchs (14Tx, 16Tx) de ladite au moins une antenne élémentaire d'émission (12Tx) sont espacés selon une première direction (Z) d'une distance (ezTx) comprise entre 0,5 millimètre (mm) et 2,0 mm, et/ou • les deux patchs (14Rx, 16Rx) de ladite au moins une antenne élémentaire de réception (12Rx) sont espacés selon une première direction (Z) d'une distance (ezRx) comprise entre 0,5 millimètre (mm) et 2,0 mm. Antenna structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The two patches (14Tx, 16Tx) of said at least one elementary transmit antenna (12Tx) are spaced in a first direction (Z) by a distance (ezTx) of between 0.5 millimeters (mm) and 2, 0 mm, and / or The two patches (14Rx, 16Rx) of said at least one receiving elementary antenna (12Rx) are spaced in a first direction (Z) by a distance (ezRx) of between 0.5 millimeter (mm) and 2.0 mm. Structure antennaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle : • les deux patchs (14Tx, 16Tx) de ladite au moins une antenne élémentaire d'émission (12Tx) sont espacés selon une première direction (Z) d'une distance (ezTx) comprise entre 0,75 millimètre (mm) et 1,5 mm, et/ou • les deux patchs (14Rx, 16Rx) de ladite au moins une antenne élémentaire de réception (12Rx) sont espacés selon une première direction (Z) d'une distance (ezRx) comprise entre 0,75 millimètre (mm) et 1,5 mm. Antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The two patches (14Tx, 16Tx) of said at least one elementary transmission antenna (12Tx) are spaced in a first direction (Z) by a distance (ezTx) of between 0.75 millimeter (mm) and 1, 5 mm, and / or The two patches (14Rx, 16Rx) of said at least one elementary reception antenna (12Rx) are spaced in a first direction (Z) by a distance (ezRx) of between 0.75 millimeters (mm) and 1.5 mm. Structure antennaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans laquelle : • les diamètres (d1Tx, d2Tx) des deux patchs (14Tx, 16Tx) de ladite au moins une antenne élémentaire d'émission (12Tx) sont identiques, et/ou • les diamètres (d1 Rx, d2Rx) des deux patchs (14Rx, 16Rx) de ladite au moins une antenne élémentaire de réception (12Rx) sont identiques. Antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The diameters (d1Tx, d2Tx) of the two patches (14Tx, 16Tx) of said at least one elementary transmission antenna (12Tx) are identical, and / or The diameters (d1 Rx, d2Rx) of the two patches (14Rx, 16Rx) of said at least one receiving elementary antenna (12Rx) are identical. Structure antennaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans laquelle : • les antennes élémentaires d'émission (12Tx) de la structure antennaire (10) comportent toutes deux patchs (14Tx, 16Tx) de forme générale circulaire au moins partiellement superposés, chaque antenne élémentaire d'émission (12Tx) étant dimensionnée pour émettre au moins une onde électromagnétique présentant une fréquence comprise entre 27 GHz et 31 GHz, et/ou • les antennes élémentaires de réception (12Rx) de la structure antennaire (10) comportent toutes deux patchs (14Rx, 16Rx) de forme générale circulaire au moins partiellement superposés, chaque antenne élémentaire de réception (12Rx) étant dimensionnée pour recevoir au moins une onde électromagnétique présentant une fréquence comprise entre 17,3 GHz et 21,2 GHz. Antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: The elementary transmission antennas (12Tx) of the antenna structure (10) comprise both patches (14Tx, 16Tx) of generally circular shape at least partially superimposed, each elementary transmission antenna (12Tx) being dimensioned to emit at least an electromagnetic wave having a frequency between 27 GHz and 31 GHz, and / or The elementary receiving antennas (12Rx) of the antenna structure (10) comprise both patches (14Rx, 16Rx) of generally circular shape at least partially superimposed, each receiving elementary antenna (12Rx) being sized to receive at least one wave electromagnetic signal with a frequency between 17.3 GHz and 21.2 GHz. Structure antennaire selon la revendication 1 à 6, dans laquelle les antennes élémentaires d'émission (12Tx) et les antennes élémentaires de réception (12Rx) sont agencées en quinconce.Antenna structure according to claim 1 to 6, wherein the elementary transmitting antennas (12Tx) and the receiving elementary antennas (12Rx) are staggered. Structure antennaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans laquelle : • la surface d'émission (11Tx) est de forme générale rectangulaire et comprend au moins deux ensembles d'une pluralité d'antennes élémentaires d'émission (12Tx) formant chacun un réseau (50Tx), les antennes élémentaires d'émission (12Tx) de chaque ensemble (50Tx) étant le long d'une ligne propre de cet ensemble, chaque ligne étant parallèle aux autres lignes propres, et/ou • la surface de réception (11 Rx) est de forme générale rectangulaire et comprend au moins deux ensembles d'une pluralité d'antennes élémentaires de réception (12Rx) formant chacun un réseau (50Rx), les antennes élémentaires de réception (12Rx) de chaque ensemble étant le long d'une ligne propre de cet ensemble, chaque ligne étant parallèle aux autres lignes propres. Antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The transmitting surface (11Tx) is of generally rectangular shape and comprises at least two sets of a plurality of elementary transmission antennas (12Tx) each forming a network (50Tx), the elementary transmission antennas (12Tx) ) of each set (50Tx) being along a clean line of this set, each line being parallel to the other clean lines, and / or The reception surface (11 Rx) is generally rectangular in shape and comprises at least two sets of a plurality of elementary receiving antennas (12Rx) each forming a grating (50Rx), the elementary receiving antennas (12Rx) of each set being along a clean line of this set, each line being parallel to the other clean lines. Plateforme, notamment aérienne, comprenant au moins une structure antennaire (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8.Platform, particularly aerial, comprising at least one antenna structure (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 8. Procédé de télécommunication, notamment par satellite, entre deux stations comprenant au moins l'une des étapes suivantes : - une étape d'émission d'ondes électromagnétiques présentant une fréquence comprise entre 27 GHz et 31 GHz par une structure antennaire (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, et - une étape de réception d'ondes électromagnétiques présentant une fréquence comprise entre 17,3 GHz et 21,2 GHz par une structure antennaire (10) l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8. A method of telecommunication, particularly by satellite, between two stations comprising at least one of the following steps: a step of emitting electromagnetic waves having a frequency of between 27 GHz and 31 GHz by an antenna structure (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and a step of receiving electromagnetic waves having a frequency of between 17.3 GHz and 21.2 GHz by an antenna structure (10) according to any one of Claims 1 to 8.
EP14200359.9A 2013-12-26 2014-12-26 Compact antenna structure for satellite telecommunication Active EP2889955B1 (en)

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SG10201408635YA (en) 2015-07-30
FR3016101A1 (en) 2015-07-03
IL236366B (en) 2019-06-30
IL236366A0 (en) 2015-04-30
ES2926923T3 (en) 2022-10-31
US9515383B2 (en) 2016-12-06
US20150188231A1 (en) 2015-07-02
FR3016101B1 (en) 2016-02-05
EP2889955B1 (en) 2022-06-15

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