EP2880712B1 - Method for the electromagnetic decoupling of an antenna and the supporting pole thereof, and corresponding supporting pole - Google Patents
Method for the electromagnetic decoupling of an antenna and the supporting pole thereof, and corresponding supporting pole Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2880712B1 EP2880712B1 EP13756618.8A EP13756618A EP2880712B1 EP 2880712 B1 EP2880712 B1 EP 2880712B1 EP 13756618 A EP13756618 A EP 13756618A EP 2880712 B1 EP2880712 B1 EP 2880712B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- pole
- mast
- decoupling
- electrically conductive
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/528—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the re-radiation of a support structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
Definitions
- the invention relates to a decoupling method between an antenna and its support mast and a corresponding support mast.
- Wave transmission systems for broadcast generally include an antenna transmitting horizontal polarization waves.
- some systems such as broadcasting or private radio, for example for police or firefighters, include antennas transmitting vertical polarization waves.
- Such an antenna is generally mounted on a vertical support mast, made of an electrically conductive material, connected to the Earth and arranged to allow the passage of lightning to the Earth when it reaches the mast.
- the electromagnetic radiation waves emitted towards the mast induces currents on the mast, thus creating a coupling between the antenna and the mast.
- Such inductive coupling between the antenna and the mast may cause parasitic radiation capable of deforming the antenna radiation, especially towards the mast, and reducing the efficiency of the antenna in this direction and in the surroundings, which has a disadvantage.
- the object of the present invention is to remedy this drawback and to improve the efficiency of an antenna which is arranged to emit at least partially vertical polarization waves and which is carried by a vertical antenna support mast, made of an electrically conductive material.
- the invention is intended in particular to allow the electromagnetic decoupling between the antenna and its support mast.
- the invention relates to a method of electromagnetic decoupling between a substantially vertical support mast, made of an electrically conductive material, and an antenna emitting, in a frequency band centered on a central frequency, polarization waves at least partially vertical and wide by said support mast, characterized in that said antenna is mounted on said mast by a connecting arm and in that there is arranged on the support mast, between the antenna and the mast, at least two electromagnetic decoupling devices comprising at least one electrically conductive decoupling element of length between one fifth and one third of the wavelength of the waves emitted by the antenna at the central frequency, at least one first device being disposed on the mast above said connecting arm and at least a second device being disposed on the mast below said connecting arm, so as to neutralize the currents induced in the mast by the waves emitted by said antenna.
- neutralize it is meant that the majority of currents induced by the antenna in the support mast are blocked so as to obtain a quasi-constant omnidirectional radiation of the antenna.
- quasi-constant means that the radiation deviation is less than 2 dB in all directions.
- the method according to the invention allows substantially equal radiation in all directions , within plus or minus 1 dB.
- the antenna is mounted on the mast by a connecting arm, at least a first decoupling device being disposed on the mast above said linkage arm and at least one second decoupling device being placed on the mast below said linkage connecting arm.
- An antenna is generally configured to work on a frequency band [f 1 , f 2 ], that is to say to emit waves at frequencies between a low frequency f 1 and a high frequency f 2 , by example itself included in the VHF or UHF bands.
- the frequency band can be reduced to a single frequency.
- At least one decoupling device is disposed coaxially with the mast.
- the decoupling element has a length of between one quarter and one third, preferably approximately three tenths, of the wavelength of the waves emitted by the antenna at the central frequency.
- the decoupling element is at least partially parallel to the mast.
- the arrangement of such a decoupling device makes it possible to prevent these from decreasing the current. level of radiation from the antenna towards the antenna support mast.
- the arrangement of such a device on the mast allows the omnidirectionality of an antenna working with waves whose component is vertical, preferably whose main component is vertical, avoiding that the coupling of the The antenna and the support mast do not reduce the antenna radiation in the mast direction in the direction of the antenna towards the mast.
- At least one decoupling device is arranged along the mast at least over the height of the antenna.
- the invention also relates to a substantially vertical support mast, made of an electrically conductive material and comprising at least one antenna transmitting, in a frequency band centered on a central frequency, at least partially vertical polarization waves, characterized in that that the antenna is mounted on the mast by a connecting arm and in that it comprises at least two electromagnetic decoupling devices arranged between the antenna and the support mast, at least one first device being placed on the mast above the mast; above said link arm and at least one second device being disposed on the mast below said link arm, and comprising at least one electrically conductive decoupling element of length between one fifth and one third of the wavelength of the waves transmitted by the antenna at the central frequency, so as to neutralize the currents induced in the mast by the waves emitted by the the antenna.
- a decoupling device can in particular make it possible to decouple independent antenna systems fixed on the mast.
- At least one decoupling device is coaxial with the mast.
- At least one decoupling element is at least partially parallel to the mast.
- At least one decoupling element comprises a portion of length between one-fourth and one-eighth of the wavelength of the waves emitted by the antenna at the central frequency, preferably extending parallel to the mast, so that to allow efficient operation of the broadband antenna.
- the mast comprises a plurality of decoupling elements, advantageously at least eight, preferably at least twelve, in the form of equilateral metal rods bent L-shaped and each comprising a first portion arranged vertically, in parallel at the mast, and a second portion disposed horizontally, perpendicular to the mast and connecting it to the lower end of the first portion so as to form a short-circuit line.
- decoupling elements advantageously at least eight, preferably at least twelve, in the form of equilateral metal rods bent L-shaped and each comprising a first portion arranged vertically, in parallel at the mast, and a second portion disposed horizontally, perpendicular to the mast and connecting it to the lower end of the first portion so as to form a short-circuit line.
- the upper end of the first portion is then in open circuit so as to allow on the mast, at the right of said upper end, an electrical break of the mast.
- the term relative frequency band refers to the ratio (f 2 - f 1 ) / f 0 , often expressed as a percentage.
- the mast comprises a plurality of cages
- the vertical misalignment of the cages with respect to the mast modifies little the performance of the decoupling device. Nevertheless, the same orientation is preferentially maintained on all the cages to allow a regular electric break of the mast.
- break electrical means here the neutralization of the currents induced by the antenna in the support mast.
- the mast comprises a plurality of decoupling devices
- the sum of the height of a device and the spacing between said device and a device disposed consecutively on the mast is less than a quarter of the wavelength at the high frequency of the frequency band in which the antenna operates. Therefore, when two decoupling devices are arranged so spaced along the mast, the portion of the mast at the right of said sum forms a section electrically insulating the portion of the mast above said section of the portion of the mast located below said section.
- Such an isolation section greatly attenuates the parasitic radiation created by the currents induced by the radiation of the antenna.
- a number of decoupling cages as defined above and placed at least over the height of the portion of the mast that is at right angles to the antenna makes it possible to limit the variations of radiation from the antenna to the antenna. or at least 1 dB at 360 °.
- the cage or cages are arranged over a height h greater than or equal to 1.5 ⁇ L, where L represents the largest dimension of the antenna in the vertical direction.
- the number of cages is greater than or equal to four, preferably on a mast length of between half the wavelength and the length of the antenna. wave at the high frequency f 2 of operation of the antenna.
- the antenna is omnidirectional.
- the omnidirectional antenna is a dipole, for example of the half-wave dipole type, configured to emit substantially vertical polarization waves.
- the antenna When the antenna is a half-wave doublet, it is preferably arranged vertically and substantially parallel to the mast.
- the omnidirectional antenna is a monopole, for example of the ground plane antenna type.
- a monopole comprises a ground plane, for example perpendicular to the monopole.
- the antenna may also be in the form of a double dipole, for example positioned on the upper part of the mast or a double V-dipole generating elliptical polarization waves.
- the mast comprises at least one metal tube, for example whose section is less than or equal to one-tenth of the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency emitted by the antenna. This allows the antenna to work effectively in FM band.
- the mast is in the form of a single metal tube.
- the decoupling device (s) are arranged along the mast in line with the antenna at least over the height thereof.
- the invention also relates to an electromagnetic decoupling device between a support mast, as defined above, substantially vertical, made of an electrically conductive material, and an antenna emitting, in a frequency band centered on a central frequency, at least partially vertical polarization waves carried by said support mast, characterized in that it is configured to be disposed between the antenna and the support mast and in that it comprises at least one electrically decoupling element conductor of length between one fifth and one third of the wavelength of the waves emitted by the antenna at the central frequency, so as to neutralize the currents induced in the mast by the waves emitted by said antenna.
- Such a device allows a significant reduction of the contact currents and risks of intermodulation on the carrier mast.
- the decoupling device comprises a plurality of decoupling elements, advantageously at least eight, preferably at least twelve, in the form of metal rods, preferably made of a metal rod.
- metal or a metal alloy of high conductivity for example greater than 1.10 6 S / m.
- the rods are equidistributed.
- the rods are bent L-shaped and each comprise a first portion, configured to be disposed vertically, parallel to the mast, and a second portion, configured to be disposed horizontally, perpendicular to the mast and connecting it to the lower end of the first portion so as to form a short-circuit line.
- the decoupling device comprises an electrically conductive ring connecting the upper ends of the first portion of each of the rods so as to form a substantially cylindrical structure or cage configured to be mounted coaxially. on the support mast.
- a structure is electrically conductive and may be, for example, metallic.
- the device may further comprise a second electrically conductive ring of substantially the same diameter as the first ring connecting the rods to each other at their bends.
- the diameter D of a cage can be variable and depends on the diameter d of the mast.
- Such a device may allow the antenna to work with waves over a wide frequency band, for example wide enough to cover the FM band.
- the height of a cage can also be a function of its diameter D.
- the figure 1 represents a radiation pattern of an antenna mounted on a vertical mast which does not include a decoupling device according to the invention.
- the antenna used is a dipole, emitting vertical polarization waves, positioned on the radiation pattern at zero degrees and zero dB.
- the mast is a vertically disposed metal tube whose position corresponds to the center of the radiation pattern.
- the radiation of the antenna is attenuated by about 7 dB in the direction 180 °, that is to say in the direction of the mast , in the direction of the antenna towards the mast.
- the Figures 2 to 9 represent a support mast 1, made of an electrically conductive material, substantially vertical and on which are respectively mounted different embodiments of the decoupling device 3 according to the invention.
- the mast 1 is in the form of a cylindrical tube, of diameter d, made of an electrically conductive material, for example of metal or a metal alloy, preferably of high conductivity, for example greater than 1.10 6 S / m. .
- the mast 1 could also be in the form of a post, for example of rectangular section, and / or comprise a plurality of support elements, for example a plurality of metal tubes, without this being limited to the scope. of the present invention.
- the support mast 1 comprises an antenna 2, represented on the Figures 4 to 9 , mounted on the mast 1 by a connecting arm 4 to the right of the decoupling device 3.
- the antenna 2 is configured to transmit in a frequency band [f 1 , f 2 ], that is to say to transmit waves at frequencies between a low frequency f 1 and a high frequency f 2 , for example itself included in the VHF or UHF bands.
- the diameter of the mast 1 is advantageously small, preferably less than one tenth of the wavelength ⁇ 0 associated with the center frequency f 0.
- the diameter of the mast 1 is preferably less than 340 mm, for example between 60 and 125 mm.
- the figure 2 illustrates a first embodiment of a decoupling device 3 of a mast according to the invention being in the form of a tubular portion 5 made of an electrically conductive material.
- the tubular portion 5 is open at its upper end and closed at its lower end by a contact ring 6 perpendicular to the mast 1 made of an electrically conductive material and extending over the surface between the mast 1 and the tubular portion 5 of to electrically connect the tubular portion 5 to the mast 1.
- the tubular portion 5 thus surrounds the tube 1 so as to form a coaxial guide.
- the sum of the length of the tubular portion 5 and the radial dimension of the ring, between the tubular portion 5 and the mast 1, is of length approximately equal to three tenths of the wavelength ⁇ 0 of the waves emitted by the antenna (not shown) at the center frequency f 0 .
- the impedance of the coaxial guide formed by the assembly of the mast 1 and the tubular portion 5 is theoretically infinite at point B since it is located at a quarter-wave of a short circuit located at point A.
- the mast 1 is thus electrically cut at the plane orthogonal to the section of the tube and passing through the point B.
- Such a decoupling device operates more particularly on cylindrical metal tubes of small section, that is to say whose diameter is less than one tenth of the wavelength associated with the central frequency f 0 , and present, by its operating principle, a frequency selectivity.
- the frequency selectivity, and thus the efficiency of the blockage of currents induced by waves at frequencies within large bandwidths, is therefore related to the characteristic impedance of the decoupling device which must be as high as possible .
- the figure 3 illustrates a second embodiment of a decoupling device 3 of a mast according to the invention is in the form of a decoupling element 7 made of an electrically conductive material of length approximately equal to a quarter of the length of wave ⁇ 0/4 of the waves emitted by the antenna (not shown) at the center frequency f 0 .
- the decoupling element 7 comprises a first portion 9 disposed parallel to the mast 1 and a second portion 11 connecting the first portion 9 to the mast 1 and disposed perpendicularly thereto.
- the sum of the lengths of the first and the second portion being approximately equal to a quarter of the wavelength ⁇ 0/4 of the waves emitted by the antenna (not shown) at the center frequency f 0 .
- the decoupling element 7 thus behaves as a short-circuited asymmetric two-wire line where the two conductors, that is to say the mast 1 and the decoupling element 7, are of different cross-sections.
- the two conductors that is to say the mast 1 and the decoupling element 7 are of different cross-sections.
- B 'an infinite impedance to f 0 if the path B'A'AB is equal to a quarter of the wavelength ⁇ 0 associated with this frequency f 0 .
- This type of device less complex than the previous one illustrated in figure 2 , thus has a greater installation flexibility and is more easily adaptable to a mast 1 of larger section, for example with a diameter greater than 125 mm FM band.
- a decoupling device has a greater frequency selectivity than that of the decoupling device illustrated by FIG. figure 2 .
- the almost single-frequency nature of the induced electrical blocking can be substantially improved by widening the width of the metal blades constituting the decoupling device.
- the Figures 4 and 5 each illustrate a mast 1 comprising an antenna 2 and four decoupling devices 3 according to a third embodiment.
- Antenna 2 illustrated by figure 4 , which is in the form of a doublet dipole dipole 2a vertically disposed parallel to the mast 1, and configured to emit waves polarized substantially vertically omnidirectionally.
- Antenna 2 illustrated by figure 5 , is in the form of two V-shaped metal elements 2b, generating elliptical polarization waves, each mounted on the link arm 4 and whose planes are substantially orthogonal to each other.
- the antenna 2 is mounted on the mast 1 by a connecting arm 4 perpendicular to the mast 1.
- Each decoupling device 3 is in the form of a substantially cylindrical metal cage, of diameter D, comprising twelve decoupling elements in the form of metal rods 17, electrically conductive, bent L-shaped and evenly distributed around it of the mast 1.
- the cages 3 are mounted superimposed one above the other along the mast 1 and coaxially with it.
- the distance between the rings 20 of two cages 3 arranged consecutively is less than a quarter of the wavelength ⁇ 2 corresponding to the high frequency f 2 of the frequency band [f 1 , f 2 ] in which the antenna 2 is working.
- Each rod 17 comprises a first portion 17a disposed vertically, parallel to the mast 1, and a second portion 17b, disposed horizontally, perpendicular to the mast 1 and connecting the lower end of the first portion 17a to the mast 1.
- the first portion 17a and the second portion 17b are interconnected at a bend 18.
- the sum of the lengths of the first portion 17a and the second portion 17b is approximately equal to three tenths of the wavelength ⁇ 0 of the waves emitted by the antenna 2 at the center frequency f 0 .
- the rods 17 are connected together at their respective upper ends 19 by a metal ring 20 allowing an electrical connection between said rods 17 and reinforcing the structure of the decoupling device 3.
- a second metal ring (not shown) can be arranged to connect the rods 17 at their respective elbows 18 so as to create a second electrical junction between the rods 17 and to further strengthen the structure of the decoupling device 3.
- the device 3, illustrated by the Figures 4 and 5 thus makes it possible to decouple the antenna 2 and the mast 1 on a relative band of frequencies higher than 20%.
- the number of metal cages 3 is evaluated so as to restrict the metal support sections contributing to the radiation of the antenna, that is to say the mast portions 1 located between two decoupling devices 3, to length sections less than ⁇ 0/4 .
- the number of decoupling devices 3 is preferably greater than or equal to four over a metal support length of between ⁇ 0/2 and ⁇ 0 depending on the height h of the metal cages, for example between ⁇ 0/4 and ⁇ 0/8 at the center frequency f 0 .
- the decoupling device 3 according to the invention can thus be configured to decouple antennas of the double dipole type, such as the half-wave doublet illustrated by FIG. figure 4 but also more generally any grouping of antennas or aerials of dipole or similar type emitting polarization waves at least substantially vertical.
- the decoupling device 3 according to the invention can thus be configured to decouple V-dipole type antennas as illustrated by FIG. figure 5 .
- a decoupling device 3 of a mast can also be configured to decouple antennas 2 of the "ground plane" type.
- such an antenna 2 comprises a monopole 22 of the quarter-wave type placed on a discretized ground plane 24 consisting of a limited to very limited number of metal rods 26, for example four.
- the ground plane 24 constituted by these rods 26 is not flat but inclined downwards, as illustrated by the Figures 6a to 6e , so as to reduce the main radiation to a site close to 0 ° (horizon line).
- the decoupling devices 3 may be in the form of cages of substantially frustoconical shape.
- the cages 3 illustrated by the figure 7 comprise a closed side wall surrounding the mast 1, the ends of the cage 3 being open.
- the side wall 30 could be perforated or discretized.
- the solution can of course be discretized in the same manner as described above, the number of metal elements being preferably greater than twelve to ensure optimum performance.
- the decoupling devices 3 may be in the form of cages consisting of metal decoupling elements 32 of complex shape whose length is between one fifth and one third of the wavelength of the waves emitted by the antenna to the central frequency so as to neutralize the currents induced in the mast by the waves emitted by said antenna.
- the cage 3 here comprises a second ring 33 connecting the elements of complex shapes at their lower ends so as to form an electrical junction between them.
- the cages 3 further include one or more element 34 made of a dielectric material completely filling the inside of the cage 3.
- the use of such a dielectric material reduces the dimensions of the decoupling device 3, in particular in the direction of the height h of the cage. The reduction is carried out on the dimension of each metal cage but not on the spacing between the cages 3.
- This solution makes it possible to reduce the height of cages of the order of ⁇ r 0.5 , where ⁇ r is the relative permittivity to the inside the cage, but may be more selective in frequency.
- the Figures 10 and 11 illustrate two radiation patterns of an antenna 2 supported by a mast 1 in a frequency band centered respectively at frequencies 88 and 108 MHz.
- the curve in solid line illustrates the radiation of an antenna 2 supported by a mast 1 comprising a decoupling device 3 according to the invention and the curve in dashed lines illustrates the radiation of an antenna 2 supported by a mast 1 not including no decoupling device according to the invention.
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- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Description
L'invention concerne un procédé de découplage entre une antenne et son mât de support et un mât de support correspondant.The invention relates to a decoupling method between an antenna and its support mast and a corresponding support mast.
Les systèmes de transmission d'ondes pour la radiodiffusion comprennent généralement une antenne émettant des ondes de polarisation horizontale.Wave transmission systems for broadcast generally include an antenna transmitting horizontal polarization waves.
Cependant, certains systèmes, notamment de radiodiffusion ou de radiocommunications privées, par exemple pour la police ou les pompiers, comprennent des antennes émettant des ondes de polarisation verticale.However, some systems, such as broadcasting or private radio, for example for police or firefighters, include antennas transmitting vertical polarization waves.
Une telle antenne est généralement montée sur un mât de support vertical, réalisé en une matière électriquement conductrice, relié à la Terre et agencé pour autoriser le passage de la foudre vers la Terre lorsque celle-ci atteint le mât.Such an antenna is generally mounted on a vertical support mast, made of an electrically conductive material, connected to the Earth and arranged to allow the passage of lightning to the Earth when it reaches the mast.
Lorsque l'antenne émet des ondes de manière omnidirectionnelle, le rayonnement électromagnétique des ondes émises en direction du mât induit des courants sur le mât, créant ainsi un couplage entre l'antenne et le mât.When the antenna emits waves omnidirectionally, the electromagnetic radiation waves emitted towards the mast induces currents on the mast, thus creating a coupling between the antenna and the mast.
Un tel couplage inductif entre l'antenne et le mât peut provoquer un rayonnement parasite susceptible de déformer le rayonnement de l'antenne, notamment en direction du mât, et de réduire l'efficacité de l'antenne dans cette direction et aux alentours, ce qui présente un inconvénient.Such inductive coupling between the antenna and the mast may cause parasitic radiation capable of deforming the antenna radiation, especially towards the mast, and reducing the efficiency of the antenna in this direction and in the surroundings, which has a disadvantage.
La présente invention a pour but de remédier à cet inconvénient et d'améliorer l'efficacité d'une antenne qui est agencée pour émettre des ondes de polarisation au moins partiellement verticale et qui est portée par un mât vertical de support de l'antenne, réalisé en une matière électriquement conductrice. L'invention a notamment pour but de permettre le découplage électromagnétique entre l'antenne et son mât de support.The object of the present invention is to remedy this drawback and to improve the efficiency of an antenna which is arranged to emit at least partially vertical polarization waves and which is carried by a vertical antenna support mast, made of an electrically conductive material. The invention is intended in particular to allow the electromagnetic decoupling between the antenna and its support mast.
A cette fin, l'invention concerne un procédé de découplage électromagnétique entre un mât de support sensiblement vertical, réalisé en une matière électriquement conductrice, et une antenne émettant, dans une bande de fréquence centrée sur une fréquence centrale, des ondes de polarisation au moins partiellement verticale et portée par ledit mât de support, caractérisé en ce que ladite antenne est montée sur ledit mât par un bras de liaison et en ce qu'on dispose sur le mât de support, entre l'antenne et le mât, au moins deux dispositifs de découplage électromagnétique comprenant au moins un élément de découplage électriquement conducteur de longueur comprise entre un cinquième et un tiers de la longueur d'onde des ondes émises par l'antenne à la fréquence centrale , au moins un premier dispositif étant disposé sur le mât au-dessus dudit bras de liaison et au moins un second dispositif étant disposé sur le mât en dessous dudit bras de liaison, de manière à neutraliser les courants induits dans le mât par les ondes émises par ladite antenne.
Par le terme « neutraliser », on entend que la majorité des courants induits par l'antenne dans le mât de support sont bloqués de sorte à obtenir un rayonnement omnidirectionnel quasi-constant de l'antenne. Par le terme « quasi-constant », on entend que l'écart de rayonnement est inférieur à 2 dB dans toutes les directions.To this end, the invention relates to a method of electromagnetic decoupling between a substantially vertical support mast, made of an electrically conductive material, and an antenna emitting, in a frequency band centered on a central frequency, polarization waves at least partially vertical and wide by said support mast, characterized in that said antenna is mounted on said mast by a connecting arm and in that there is arranged on the support mast, between the antenna and the mast, at least two electromagnetic decoupling devices comprising at least one electrically conductive decoupling element of length between one fifth and one third of the wavelength of the waves emitted by the antenna at the central frequency, at least one first device being disposed on the mast above said connecting arm and at least a second device being disposed on the mast below said connecting arm, so as to neutralize the currents induced in the mast by the waves emitted by said antenna.
By the term "neutralize" it is meant that the majority of currents induced by the antenna in the support mast are blocked so as to obtain a quasi-constant omnidirectional radiation of the antenna. The term "quasi-constant" means that the radiation deviation is less than 2 dB in all directions.
Ainsi, par exemple, alors qu'un dipôle, monté sur un mât de support et travaillant en polarisation verticale, voit son rayonnement diminuer de plusieurs décibels en direction dudit mât, le procédé selon l'invention permet un rayonnement sensiblement égal dans toutes les directions, à plus ou moins 1 dB près.Thus, for example, while a dipole, mounted on a support pole and working in vertical polarization, sees its radiation decrease by several decibels in the direction of said mast, the method according to the invention allows substantially equal radiation in all directions , within plus or
L'antenne est montée sur le mât par un bras de liaison, au moins un premier dispositif de découplage étant disposé sur le mât au-dessus dudit bras de liaison et au moins un second dispositif de découplage étant disposé sur le mât en-dessous dudit bras de liaison. Cela permet à la fois de neutraliser les courants induits par la partie de l'antenne située au-dessus du bras de liaison et les courants induits par la partie de l'antenne située en-dessous du bras de liaison, par exemple lorsque l'antenne est un doublet demi-onde disposé verticalement et relié en son milieu au mât par le bras de liaison.The antenna is mounted on the mast by a connecting arm, at least a first decoupling device being disposed on the mast above said linkage arm and at least one second decoupling device being placed on the mast below said linkage connecting arm. This makes it possible both to neutralize the currents induced by the part of the antenna situated above the link arm and the currents induced by the part of the antenna located below the link arm, for example when the Antenna is a half-wave dipole arranged vertically and connected at its center to the mast by the link arm.
Une antenne est en général configurée pour travailler sur une bande de fréquence [f1, f2], c'est-à-dire pour émettre des ondes à des fréquences comprises entre une fréquence basse f1 et une fréquence haute f2, par exemple elle-même comprise dans les bandes VHF ou UHF. Une telle bande est en général centrée sur une fréquence centrale f0, par exemple, f0 = (f2 - f1)/2. Dans un mode de réalisation particulier du procédé selon l'invention, la bande de fréquence peut se réduire à une fréquence unique.An antenna is generally configured to work on a frequency band [f 1 , f 2 ], that is to say to emit waves at frequencies between a low frequency f 1 and a high frequency f 2 , by example itself included in the VHF or UHF bands. Such a band is generally centered on a central frequency f 0 , for example, f 0 = (f 2 - f 1 ) / 2. In a particular embodiment of the method according to the invention, the frequency band can be reduced to a single frequency.
De préférence, au moins un dispositif de découplage est disposé coaxialement au mât.Preferably, at least one decoupling device is disposed coaxially with the mast.
De préférence, l'élément de découplage a une longueur comprise entre le quart et le tiers, de préférence environ égale aux trois dixièmes, de la longueur d'onde des ondes émises par l'antenne à la fréquence centrale.Preferably, the decoupling element has a length of between one quarter and one third, preferably approximately three tenths, of the wavelength of the waves emitted by the antenna at the central frequency.
Avantageusement, l'élément de découplage est au moins partiellement parallèle au mât.Advantageously, the decoupling element is at least partially parallel to the mast.
En empêchant en grande partie le passage des courants radiofréquences, induits par les ondes émises le long du mât de support de l'antenne par ladite antenne, la disposition d'un tel dispositif de découplage permet d'éviter que ceux-ci ne diminuent le niveau de rayonnement de l'antenne en direction du mât de support de l'antenne. En d'autres termes, l'agencement d'un tel dispositif sur le mât autorise l'omnidirectionnalité d'une antenne travaillant avec des ondes dont une composante est verticale, avantageusement dont la composante principale est verticale, en évitant que le couplage de l'antenne et du mât de support ne diminue le rayonnement de l'antenne dans la direction du mât dans le sens de l'antenne vers le mât.By largely preventing the passage of radiofrequency currents, induced by the waves emitted along the antenna support mast by said antenna, the arrangement of such a decoupling device makes it possible to prevent these from decreasing the current. level of radiation from the antenna towards the antenna support mast. In other words, the arrangement of such a device on the mast allows the omnidirectionality of an antenna working with waves whose component is vertical, preferably whose main component is vertical, avoiding that the coupling of the The antenna and the support mast do not reduce the antenna radiation in the mast direction in the direction of the antenna towards the mast.
De préférence, au moins un dispositif de découplage est disposé le long du mât au moins sur la hauteur de l'antenne.Preferably, at least one decoupling device is arranged along the mast at least over the height of the antenna.
Le document
L'invention concerne aussi un mât de support, sensiblement vertical, réalisé en une matière électriquement conductrice et comprenant au moins une antenne émettant, dans une bande de fréquence centrée sur une fréquence centrale, des ondes de polarisation au moins partiellement verticale, caractérisé en ce que l'antenne est montée sur le mât par un bras de liaison et en ce qu'il comprend au moins deux dispositifs de découplage électromagnétique disposés entre l'antenne et le mât de support au moins un premier dispositif étant disposé sur le mât au-dessus dudit bras de liaison et au moins un second dispositif étant disposé sur le mât en dessous dudit bras de liaison, et comprenant au moins un élément de découplage électriquement conducteur de longueur comprise entre un cinquième et un tiers de la longueur d'onde des ondes émises par l'antenne à la fréquence centrale, de manière à neutraliser les courants induits dans le mât par les ondes émises par ladite antenne.The invention also relates to a substantially vertical support mast, made of an electrically conductive material and comprising at least one antenna transmitting, in a frequency band centered on a central frequency, at least partially vertical polarization waves, characterized in that that the antenna is mounted on the mast by a connecting arm and in that it comprises at least two electromagnetic decoupling devices arranged between the antenna and the support mast, at least one first device being placed on the mast above the mast; above said link arm and at least one second device being disposed on the mast below said link arm, and comprising at least one electrically conductive decoupling element of length between one fifth and one third of the wavelength of the waves transmitted by the antenna at the central frequency, so as to neutralize the currents induced in the mast by the waves emitted by the the antenna.
Un dispositif de découplage selon l'invention peut notamment permettre de découpler des systèmes d'antennes indépendants fixés sur le mât.A decoupling device according to the invention can in particular make it possible to decouple independent antenna systems fixed on the mast.
De préférence, au moins un dispositif de découplage est coaxial au mât.Preferably, at least one decoupling device is coaxial with the mast.
Avantageusement, au moins un élément de découplage est au moins partiellement parallèle au mât.Advantageously, at least one decoupling element is at least partially parallel to the mast.
Avantageusement encore, au moins un élément de découplage comprend une portion de longueur comprise entre le quart et le huitième de la longueur d'onde des ondes émises par l'antenne à la fréquence centrale, s'étendant de préférence parallèlement au mât, de sorte à autoriser un fonctionnement efficace de l'antenne en large bande.Advantageously, at least one decoupling element comprises a portion of length between one-fourth and one-eighth of the wavelength of the waves emitted by the antenna at the central frequency, preferably extending parallel to the mast, so that to allow efficient operation of the broadband antenna.
De manière préférée, le mât comprend une pluralité d'éléments de découplage, avantageusement au moins huit, de préférence au moins douze, se présentant sous la forme de tiges métalliques équiréparties coudées en forme de L et comprenant chacune une première portion disposée verticalement, parallèlement au mât, et une seconde portion disposée horizontalement, perpendiculairement au mât et reliant celui-ci à l'extrémité inférieure de la première portion de sorte à former une ligne en court-circuit.Preferably, the mast comprises a plurality of decoupling elements, advantageously at least eight, preferably at least twelve, in the form of equilateral metal rods bent L-shaped and each comprising a first portion arranged vertically, in parallel at the mast, and a second portion disposed horizontally, perpendicular to the mast and connecting it to the lower end of the first portion so as to form a short-circuit line.
L'extrémité supérieure de la première portion se trouve alors en circuit ouvert de sorte à autoriser sur le mât, au droit de ladite extrémité supérieure, une coupure électrique du mât.The upper end of the first portion is then in open circuit so as to allow on the mast, at the right of said upper end, an electrical break of the mast.
Selon un aspect de l'invention, lorsque le dispositif de découplage est une cage de forme sensiblement cylindrique telle que définie ci-dessus, le diamètre D de la cage est telle que l'impédance à l'extrémité supérieure de la première portion des tiges Z0=η/2π * In (D/d) soit supérieure à 100 Ω, d étant le diamètre du mât de sorte à réduire de manière efficace la propagation des courants induits sur ce support sur une large bande relative de fréquences, supérieure à 20 %. Lorsque l'antenne travaille avec des ondes dans une bande de fréquence [f1, f2] centrée autour d'une fréquence centrale f0, on entend par bande relative de fréquence le rapport (f2 - f1)/f0, souvent exprimé en pourcentage.According to one aspect of the invention, when the decoupling device is a cage of substantially cylindrical shape as defined above, the diameter D of the cage is such that the impedance at the upper end of the first portion of the rods Z 0 = η / 2π * In (D / d) is greater than 100 Ω, where d is the diameter of the mast so as to effectively reduce the propagation of currents induced on this support over a wide relative band of frequencies, greater than 20%. When the antenna works with waves in a frequency band [f 1 , f 2 ] centered around a central frequency f 0 , the term relative frequency band refers to the ratio (f 2 - f 1 ) / f 0 , often expressed as a percentage.
Lorsque le mât comprend une pluralité de cages, le désaxement vertical des cages par rapport au mât modifie peu les performances du dispositif de découplage. Néanmoins, la même orientation est préférentiellement conservée sur l'ensemble des cages afin de permettre une coupure électrique régulière du mât. Par le terme « coupure électrique », on entend ici la neutralisation des courants induits par l'antenne dans le mât de support.When the mast comprises a plurality of cages, the vertical misalignment of the cages with respect to the mast modifies little the performance of the decoupling device. Nevertheless, the same orientation is preferentially maintained on all the cages to allow a regular electric break of the mast. By the term "break electrical "means here the neutralization of the currents induced by the antenna in the support mast.
De préférence, lorsque le mât comprend une pluralité de dispositifs de découplage, la somme de la hauteur d'un dispositif et de l'espacement entre ledit dispositif et un dispositif disposé consécutivement sur le mât est inférieure au quart de la longueur d'onde à la fréquence haute de la bande de fréquence dans laquelle fonctionne l'antenne. Par conséquent, lorsque deux dispositifs de découplage sont disposés ainsi espacés le long du mât, la portion du mât au droit de ladite somme forme une section isolant électriquement la portion du mât située au-dessus de ladite section de la portion du mât située en-dessous de ladite section. Une telle section d'isolement permet d'atténuer grandement le rayonnement parasite créé par les courants induits par le rayonnement de l'antenne. Il va de soi que plus on dispose de dispositif de découplage, espacés entre eux de ladite somme de longueurs, plus on crée de sections électriquement isolantes sur le mat au moins au droit de l'antenne et plus les effets dudit rayonnement parasite sont atténués, voire supprimés. Ainsi, par exemple, un nombre de cages de découplages telles que définies ci-dessus et placées au moins sur la hauteur de la portion du mât qui est au droit de l'antenne permettent de limiter les variations de rayonnement de l'antenne à plus ou moins 1 dB à 360°.Preferably, when the mast comprises a plurality of decoupling devices, the sum of the height of a device and the spacing between said device and a device disposed consecutively on the mast is less than a quarter of the wavelength at the high frequency of the frequency band in which the antenna operates. Therefore, when two decoupling devices are arranged so spaced along the mast, the portion of the mast at the right of said sum forms a section electrically insulating the portion of the mast above said section of the portion of the mast located below said section. Such an isolation section greatly attenuates the parasitic radiation created by the currents induced by the radiation of the antenna. It goes without saying that the more decoupling devices are available, spaced apart from each other by said sum of lengths, the more electrically insulating sections are created on the mat at least in line with the antenna, and the effects of said parasitic radiation are attenuated, even deleted. Thus, for example, a number of decoupling cages as defined above and placed at least over the height of the portion of the mast that is at right angles to the antenna makes it possible to limit the variations of radiation from the antenna to the antenna. or at least 1 dB at 360 °.
De préférence encore, la ou les cages sont disposées sur une hauteur h supérieure ou égale à 1,5 x L, où L représente la plus grande dimension de l'antenne dans le sens vertical.More preferably, the cage or cages are arranged over a height h greater than or equal to 1.5 × L, where L represents the largest dimension of the antenna in the vertical direction.
Avantageusement, lorsque l'antenne est un dipôle comprenant un doublet demi-onde, le nombre de cages est supérieur ou égal à quatre, de préférence, sur une longueur de mât comprise entre la moitié de la longueur d'onde et la longueur d'onde à la fréquence haute f2 de fonctionnement de l'antenne.Advantageously, when the antenna is a dipole comprising a half-wave doublet, the number of cages is greater than or equal to four, preferably on a mast length of between half the wavelength and the length of the antenna. wave at the high frequency f 2 of operation of the antenna.
De préférence, l'antenne est omnidirectionnelle.Preferably, the antenna is omnidirectional.
Avantageusement, l'antenne omnidirectionnelle est un dipôle, par exemple du type doublet demi-onde, configuré pour émettre des ondes de polarisation sensiblement verticale.Advantageously, the omnidirectional antenna is a dipole, for example of the half-wave dipole type, configured to emit substantially vertical polarization waves.
Lorsque l'antenne est un doublet demi-onde, celui-ci est de préférence disposé verticalement et sensiblement parallèlement au mât.When the antenna is a half-wave doublet, it is preferably arranged vertically and substantially parallel to the mast.
Dans une forme de réalisation alternative, l'antenne omnidirectionnelle est un monopôle, par exemple du type antenne « ground plane ». Un tel monopôle comprend un plan de masse, par exemple perpendiculaire au monopôle.In an alternative embodiment, the omnidirectional antenna is a monopole, for example of the ground plane antenna type. Such a monopole comprises a ground plane, for example perpendicular to the monopole.
L'antenne peut aussi se présenter sous la forme d'un double dipôle, par exemple positionnée sur la partie supérieure du mât ou bien d'un double dipôle en V générant des ondes de polarisation elliptique.The antenna may also be in the form of a double dipole, for example positioned on the upper part of the mast or a double V-dipole generating elliptical polarization waves.
De préférence, le mât comprend au moins un tube métallique, par exemple dont la section est inférieure ou égale à un dixième de la longueur d'onde correspondant à la fréquence centrale émise par l'antenne. Cela permet notamment à l'antenne de fonctionner efficacement en bande FM.Preferably, the mast comprises at least one metal tube, for example whose section is less than or equal to one-tenth of the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency emitted by the antenna. This allows the antenna to work effectively in FM band.
Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le mât se présente sous la forme d'un unique tube métallique.According to one characteristic of the invention, the mast is in the form of a single metal tube.
De préférence, le ou les dispositifs de découplage sont disposés le long du mât au droit de l'antenne au moins sur la hauteur de celle-ci.Preferably, the decoupling device (s) are arranged along the mast in line with the antenna at least over the height thereof.
L'invention concerne aussi un dispositif de découplage électromagnétique entre une mât de support, tel que défini ci-dessus, sensiblement vertical, réalisé en une matière électriquement conductrice, et une antenne émettant, dans une bande de fréquence centrée sur une fréquence centrale, des ondes de polarisation au moins partiellement verticale et portée par ledit mât de support, dispositif caractérisé en ce qu'il est configuré pour être disposé entre l'antenne et le mât de support et en ce qu'il comprend au moins un élément de découplage électriquement conducteur de longueur comprise entre un cinquième et un tiers de la longueur d'onde des ondes émises par l'antenne à la fréquence centrale, de manière à neutraliser les courants induits dans le mât par les ondes émises par ladite antenne.The invention also relates to an electromagnetic decoupling device between a support mast, as defined above, substantially vertical, made of an electrically conductive material, and an antenna emitting, in a frequency band centered on a central frequency, at least partially vertical polarization waves carried by said support mast, characterized in that it is configured to be disposed between the antenna and the support mast and in that it comprises at least one electrically decoupling element conductor of length between one fifth and one third of the wavelength of the waves emitted by the antenna at the central frequency, so as to neutralize the currents induced in the mast by the waves emitted by said antenna.
Un tel dispositif permet une réduction importante des courants de contact et des risques d'intermodulation sur le mât porteur.Such a device allows a significant reduction of the contact currents and risks of intermodulation on the carrier mast.
Selon un aspect de l'invention, le dispositif de découplage comprend une pluralité d'éléments de découplage, avantageusement au moins huit, de préférence au moins douze, se présentant sous la forme de tiges métalliques, de préférence réalisées en un métal ou un alliage de métaux de conductivité élevée, par exemple supérieure à 1.106 S/m.According to one aspect of the invention, the decoupling device comprises a plurality of decoupling elements, advantageously at least eight, preferably at least twelve, in the form of metal rods, preferably made of a metal rod. metal or a metal alloy of high conductivity, for example greater than 1.10 6 S / m.
De manière préférée, les tiges sont équiréparties.Preferably, the rods are equidistributed.
De manière avantageuse, les tiges sont coudées en forme de L et comprennent chacune une première portion, configurée pour être disposée verticalement, parallèlement au mât, et une seconde portion, configurée pour être disposée horizontalement, perpendiculairement au mât et reliant celui-ci à l'extrémité inférieure de la première portion de sorte à former une ligne en court-circuit.Advantageously, the rods are bent L-shaped and each comprise a first portion, configured to be disposed vertically, parallel to the mast, and a second portion, configured to be disposed horizontally, perpendicular to the mast and connecting it to the lower end of the first portion so as to form a short-circuit line.
Dans une forme de réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention, le dispositif de découplage comprend un anneau électriquement conducteur reliant les extrémités supérieures de la première portion de chacune des tiges de sorte à former une structure ou cage de forme sensiblement cylindrique configurée pour être montée coaxialement sur le mât de support. Une telle structure est électriquement conductrice et peut être, par exemple, métallique.In one embodiment of the device according to the invention, the decoupling device comprises an electrically conductive ring connecting the upper ends of the first portion of each of the rods so as to form a substantially cylindrical structure or cage configured to be mounted coaxially. on the support mast. Such a structure is electrically conductive and may be, for example, metallic.
Le dispositif peut en outre comprendre un second anneau électriquement conducteur sensiblement de même diamètre que le premier anneau reliant les tiges entre elles au niveau de leurs coudes.The device may further comprise a second electrically conductive ring of substantially the same diameter as the first ring connecting the rods to each other at their bends.
Le diamètre D d'une cage peut être variable et fonction du diamètre d du mât.The diameter D of a cage can be variable and depends on the diameter d of the mast.
Un tel dispositif peut permettre à l'antenne de travailler avec des ondes sur une large bande de fréquences, par exemple suffisamment large pour couvrir la bande FM.Such a device may allow the antenna to work with waves over a wide frequency band, for example wide enough to cover the FM band.
Cela est notamment le cas lorsque le nombre de tiges est supérieur ou égal à douze, pour lequel le dispositif fonctionne sur une bande relative de fréquence supérieure à 20 %.This is particularly the case when the number of rods is greater than or equal to twelve, for which the device operates on a relative frequency band greater than 20%.
La hauteur d'une cage peut également être fonction de son diamètre D. Ainsi, lorsque la cage est plus large et moins haute, le dispositif de découplage sera moins sélectif en fréquence. Pour travailler avec une bande relative de fréquence réduite à quelques pourcents, le diamètre D peut être tel que Z0=η/2π * In (D/d) < 100 Ω, mais dans ce cas, pour que le dispositif soit efficace, la longueur de la première portion des tiges, c'est-à-dire la hauteur des cages, devra être de préférence comprise entre λ/4 et λ/5 à la fréquence centrale f0 de fonctionnement. Avantageusement, la longueur totale des tiges, c'est-à-dire de la première portion et de la seconde portion, est comprise entre λ/4,1 et λ/3, de préférence environ égale à 0,3 x λ, à la fréquence centrale f0 de fonctionnement, par exemple pour un dipôle demi-onde situé à une distance de λ/4 du mât.The height of a cage can also be a function of its diameter D. Thus, when the cage is wider and lower, the decoupling device will be less selective in frequency. To work with a relative frequency band reduced to a few percent, the diameter D can be such that Z 0 = η / 2π * In (D / d) <100 Ω, but in this case, for the device to be effective, the length of the first portion of the rods, that is to say the height of the cages, should preferably be between λ / 4 and λ / 5 at the central frequency f 0 of operation. Advantageously, the total length of the rods, that is to say of the first portion and the second portion, is between λ / 4.1 and λ / 3, preferably approximately equal to 0.3 x λ, at the central frequency f 0 of operation, for example for a half-wave dipole situated at a distance of λ / 4 from the mast.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront lors de la description qui suit faite en regard des figures annexées données à titre d'exemples non limitatifs et dans lesquelles des références identiques sont données à des objets semblables.
- La
figure 1 illustre un diagramme de rayonnement d'une antenne montée sur un mât vertical de l'art antérieur. - La
figure 2 est une représentation schématique en coupe d'une portion de mât comprenant une première forme de réalisation du dispositif de découplage selon l'invention. - La
figure 3 est une représentation schématique en coupe d'une portion de mât comprenant une seconde forme de réalisation du dispositif de découplage selon l'invention. - La
figure 4 est une vue en perspective d'une portion de mât comprenant un doublet demi-onde et une troisième forme de réalisation du dispositif de découplage selon l'invention. - La
figure 5 est une vue en perspective d'une portion de mât comprenant une antenne, comportant deux éléments métalliques en forme de V générant une polarisation elliptique à prépondérance verticale, et la troisième forme de réalisation du dispositif de découplage selon l'invention de lafigure 4 . - La
figure 6a est une vue partielle en perspective d'une forme particulière de réalisation d'un mât selon l'invention comprenant une antenne de type « ground plane ». - La
figure 6b est une vue partielle en perspective d'une forme particulière de réalisation d'un mât selon l'invention comprenant une antenne de type « ground plane ». - La
figure 6c est une vue partielle en perspective d'une forme particulière de réalisation d'un mât selon l'invention comprenant une antenne de type « ground plane ». - La
figure 6d est une vue partielle en perspective d'une forme particulière de réalisation d'un mât selon l'invention comprenant une antenne de type « ground plane ». - La
figure 6e est une vue partielle en perspective d'une forme particulière de réalisation d'un mât selon l'invention comprenant une antenne de type « ground plane ». - La
figure 7 illustre une forme particulière de dispositif de découplage selon l'invention de forme sensiblement tronconique. - La
figure 8 illustre une forme particulière de dispositif de découplage selon l'invention comprenant des éléments de découplage de forme complexe. - La
figure 9 illustre une forme particulière de dispositif de découplage selon l'invention comprenant des éléments en matériau diélectrique. - La
figure 10 illustre un premier diagramme de rayonnement d'une antenne montée sur un mât vertical avec et sans le dispositif de découplage selon l'invention. - La
figure 11 illustre un second diagramme de rayonnement d'une antenne montée sur un mât vertical avec et sans le dispositif de découplage selon l'invention.
- The
figure 1 illustrates a radiation pattern of an antenna mounted on a vertical mast of the prior art. - The
figure 2 is a schematic representation in section of a mast portion comprising a first embodiment of the decoupling device according to the invention. - The
figure 3 is a schematic representation in section of a mast portion comprising a second embodiment of the decoupling device according to the invention. - The
figure 4 is a perspective view of a mast portion comprising a half-wave doublet and a third embodiment of the decoupling device according to the invention. - The
figure 5 is a perspective view of a mast portion comprising an antenna, comprising two V-shaped metal elements generating a predominantly vertical elliptical polarization, and the third embodiment of the decoupling device according to the invention of thefigure 4 . - The
figure 6a is a partial perspective view of a particular embodiment of a mast according to the invention comprising a ground plane antenna. - The
figure 6b is a partial perspective view of a particular embodiment of a mast according to the invention comprising a ground plane antenna. - The
Figure 6c is a partial perspective view of a particular embodiment of a mast according to the invention comprising a ground plane antenna. - The
figure 6d is a partial perspective view of a particular embodiment of a mast according to the invention comprising a ground plane antenna. - The
figure 6e is a partial perspective view of a particular embodiment of a mast according to the invention comprising a ground plane antenna. - The
figure 7 illustrates a particular form of decoupling device according to the invention of substantially frustoconical shape. - The
figure 8 illustrates a particular form of decoupling device according to the invention comprising decoupling elements of complex shape. - The
figure 9 illustrates a particular form of decoupling device according to the invention comprising elements of dielectric material. - The
figure 10 illustrates a first radiation pattern of an antenna mounted on a vertical mast with and without the decoupling device according to the invention. - The
figure 11 illustrates a second radiation pattern of an antenna mounted on a vertical mast with and without the decoupling device according to the invention.
La
L'antenne utilisée est un dipôle, émettant des ondes de polarisation verticale, positionné sur le diagramme de rayonnement à zéro degré et zéro dB. Le mât est un tube métallique disposé verticalement dont la position correspond au centre du diagramme de rayonnement.The antenna used is a dipole, emitting vertical polarization waves, positioned on the radiation pattern at zero degrees and zero dB. The mast is a vertically disposed metal tube whose position corresponds to the center of the radiation pattern.
Ainsi, en l'absence de dispositif de découplage selon l'invention, on constate que le rayonnement de l'antenne subit un affaiblissement d'environ 7 dB dans la direction 180°, c'est-à-dire dans la direction du mât, dans le sens de l'antenne vers le mât.Thus, in the absence of decoupling device according to the invention, it is found that the radiation of the antenna is attenuated by about 7 dB in the
Les
Le mât 1 se présente sous la forme d'un tube cylindrique, de diamètre d, réalisé en une matière électriquement conductrice, par exemple en métal ou un alliage de métaux, de préférence de conductivité élevée, par exemple supérieure à 1.106 S/m.The
Le mât 1 pourrait aussi se présenter sous la forme d'un poteau, par exemple de section rectangulaire, et/ou comprendre une pluralité d'éléments de support, par exemple une pluralité de tubes métalliques, sans que cela ne soit limitatif de la portée de la présente invention.The
Le mât de support 1 comprend une antenne 2, représentée sur les
Le diamètre du mât 1 est avantageusement de petite dimension, de préférence inférieur au dixième de la longueur d'onde λ0 associée à la fréquence centrale f0. Par exemple, pour une antenne émettant en bande FM, c'est-à-dire pour des fréquences comprises entre 87.5 et 108 MHz, le diamètre du mât 1 est, de préférence, inférieur à 340 mm, par exemple compris entre 60 et 125 mm.The diameter of the
La
La portion tubulaire 5 est ouverte à son extrémité supérieure et fermée à son extrémité inférieure par un anneau de contact 6 perpendiculaire au mât 1 réalisé en une matière électriquement conductrice et s'étendant sur la surface comprise entre le mât 1 et la portion tubulaire 5 de manière à relier électriquement la portion tubulaire 5 au mât 1. La portion tubulaire 5 entoure ainsi le tube 1 de manière à former un guide coaxial.The
La somme de la longueur de la portion tubulaire 5 et de la dimension radiale de l'anneau, entre la portion tubulaire 5 et le mât 1, est de longueur environ égale aux trois dixièmes de la longueur d'onde λ0 des ondes émises par l'antenne (non représentée) à la fréquence centrale f0.The sum of the length of the
A la fréquence centrale f0, à laquelle est associée la longueur d'onde λ0, l'impédance du guide coaxial formé par l'ensemble du mât 1 et de la portion tubulaire 5 est théoriquement infinie au point B puisqu'on se situe à un quart d'onde d'un court-circuit situé au point A. Le mât 1 est ainsi électriquement coupé au niveau du plan orthogonal à la section du tube et passant par le point B.At the central frequency f 0 , to which the wavelength λ 0 is associated, the impedance of the coaxial guide formed by the assembly of the
Un tel dispositif de découplage fonctionne plus particulièrement sur des tubes métalliques cylindriques de faible section, c'est-à-dire dont le diamètre est inférieur au dixième de la longueur d'onde associée à la fréquence centrale f0, et présente, de par son principe de fonctionnement, une sélectivité en fréquence. En effet, sur une bande de fréquences f0 ± Δf, l'impédance d'entrée du dispositif de découplage dans le plan B sera : ZB= j Z0 cotan (n/2 * Δf/f0), où Z0 est l'impédance caractéristique du dispositif de découplage tel que Z0=η/2π * In (D/d), η étant l'impédance complexe caractéristique du vide soit ≈120 n, D étant le diamètre du dispositif de découplage et d le diamètre du tube conducteur.Such a decoupling device operates more particularly on cylindrical metal tubes of small section, that is to say whose diameter is less than one tenth of the wavelength associated with the central frequency f 0 , and present, by its operating principle, a frequency selectivity. Indeed, on a frequency band f 0 ± Δf, the input impedance of the decoupling device in the plane B will be: Z B = j Z 0 cotan (n / 2 * Δf / f 0 ), where Z 0 is the characteristic impedance of the decoupling device such that Z 0 = η / 2π * In (D / d), where η is the characteristic complex impedance of the vacuum ≈120 n, where D is the diameter of the decoupling device and d is diameter of the conductive tube.
La sélectivité en fréquences, et de ce fait l'efficacité du blocage des courants induits par des ondes à des fréquences comprises dans de grandes largeurs de bande, est donc liée à l'impédance caractéristique du dispositif de découplage qui doit être la plus élevée possible.The frequency selectivity, and thus the efficiency of the blockage of currents induced by waves at frequencies within large bandwidths, is therefore related to the characteristic impedance of the decoupling device which must be as high as possible .
La
L'élément de découplage 7 comprend une première portion 9 disposée parallèlement au mât 1 et une seconde portion 11 reliant la première portion 9 au mât 1 et disposée perpendiculairement à celui-ci. La somme des longueurs de la première et de la seconde portion étant environ égale au quart de la longueur d'onde λ0/4 des ondes émises par l'antenne (non représentée) à la fréquence centrale f0.The
L'élément de découplage 7 se comporte ainsi comme une ligne de type bifilaire dissymétrique court-circuitée où les deux conducteurs, c'est-à-dire le mât 1 et l'élément de découplage 7, sont de sections différentes. Dans la mesure où un tronçon de ligne demi-onde repliée sur lui-même ne rayonne pas, on a donc en B' une impédance infinie à f0 si le trajet B'A'AB est égale au quart de la longueur d'onde λ0 associée à cette fréquence f0.The
Ce type de dispositif, moins complexe que le précédent illustré à la
Les
L'antenne 2, illustrée par la
L'antenne 2, illustrée par la
Dans les deux formes de réalisation du dispositif de découplage illustrées par les
Chaque dispositif de découplage 3 se présente sous la forme d'une cage métallique de forme sensiblement cylindrique, de diamètre D, comprenant douze éléments de découplage se présentant sous la forme de tiges métalliques 17, électriquement conductrices, coudées en forme de L et équiréparties autour du mât 1.Each
Les cages 3 sont montées superposées les unes au-dessus des autres le long du mât 1 et coaxialement à celui-ci. La distance entre les anneaux 20 de deux cages 3 disposées consécutivement est inférieure au quart de la longueur d'onde λ2 correspondant à la fréquence haute f2 de la bande de fréquence [f1, f2] dans laquelle travaille l'antenne 2.The
Chaque tige 17 comprend une première portion 17a disposée verticalement, parallèlement au mât 1, et une seconde portion 17b, disposée horizontalement, perpendiculairement au mât 1 et reliant l'extrémité inférieure de la première portion 17a au mât 1. La première portion 17a et la seconde portion 17b sont reliées entre elles au niveau d'un coude 18.Each
La somme des longueurs de la première portion 17a et de la seconde portion 17b est environ égale aux trois dixièmes de la longueur d'onde λ0 des ondes émises par l'antenne 2 à la fréquence centrale f0.The sum of the lengths of the
Les tiges 17 sont reliées entre elles au niveau de leurs extrémités supérieures 19 respectives par un anneau métallique 20 autorisant une jonction électrique entre lesdites tiges 17 et renforçant la structure du dispositif de découplage 3.The
Dans les deux formes de réalisation du dispositif de découplage illustrées par les
Le dispositif 3, illustré par les
Le nombre de cages métalliques 3 est évalué de manière à restreindre les sections de support métallique contributrices au rayonnement de l'antenne, c'est-à-dire les portions de mât 1 situés entre deux dispositifs de découplage 3, à des tronçons de longueur inférieure à λ0/4. De même, les cages métalliques 3 sont disposées sur une hauteur h supérieure ou égale à la plus grande dimension h de l'antenne 2 dans le sens vertical, par exemple H = 1.5 x L, de manière à bloquer les courants induits par l'antenne 2 sur au moins la hauteur L de celle-ci.The number of
Pour un dipôle demi-onde, tel qu'illustré par la
Ainsi, le dispositif de découplage 3 selon l'invention peut ainsi être configuré pour découpler des antennes du type double dipôle, tel que le doublet demi-onde illustré par la
Par ailleurs, un dispositif de découplage 3 d'un mât peut aussi être configuré pour découpler des antennes 2 du type « ground plane ». Comme illustré par les
Lorsqu'une telle antenne 2 est positionnée au droit du mât 1 par un bras de liaison 4, une configuration du dispositif de découplage telle qu'illustrée par les
En revanche, lorsque l'antenne est positionnée en sommital, c'est-à-dire au-dessus du mât de support 1, comme dans le cas du monopôle 22 illustré par les
Dans un tel cas, les deux configurations suivantes du mât 1, de l'antenne 2 et du dispositif de découplage 3 peuvent être utilisées :
- dans une première configuration, illustrée par les
figures 6a et 6b , les cages métalliques 3 étant indépendantes du plan de masse 24 de l'antenne 2 et comprenant un nombre peu élevé de tiges métalliques 26, un dispositif de découplage 3 (figure 6a ), de préférence deux dispositifs de découplage 3 (figures 6b ) sont disposés sous l'antenne au niveau de l'extrémité supérieure du mât desupport 1 ; - dans une seconde configuration, illustrée par les
figures 6c à 6e , dans laquelle le plan de masse 24 constitue la partie court-circuitée, c'est-à-dire l'anneau 20, de lacage métallique 3 la plus proche de l'antenne 2 (figure 6c ) ou le support direct de cette dernière (figure 6d ). Pour le mât illustré par lafigure 6c , selon la longueur des tiges métalliques 26 constituant le plan de masse 24de l'antenne 2, un prolongement de ces dernières par un second dispositif de découplage 3 positionné juste en-dessous et de diamètre légèrement inférieur à celui dupremier dispositif 3 peut être réalisé afin de permettre un fonctionnement efficace sur une bande relative de fréquences plus large, comme illustré par lafigure 6d . Enfin, une secondecage métallique 3 peut être ajoutée au mât 1 illustré par lafigure 6d pour améliorer davantage l'efficacité du dispositif, comme illustré par lafigure 6e .
In such a case, the following two configurations of the
- in a first configuration, illustrated by the
Figures 6a and 6b themetal cages 3 being independent of theground plane 24 of theantenna 2 and comprising a small number ofmetal rods 26, a decoupling device 3 (figure 6a ), preferably two decoupling devices 3 (figures 6b ) are arranged under the antenna at the upper end of thesupport mast 1; - in a second configuration, illustrated by the
Figures 6c to 6e , in which theground plane 24 constitutes the short-circuited part, that is to say thering 20, of thecage 3 closest to the antenna 2 (Figure 6c ) or the direct support of the latter (figure 6d ). For the mast illustrated by theFigure 6c according to the length of themetal rods 26 constituting theground plane 24 of theantenna 2, an extension of the latter by asecond decoupling device 3 positioned just below and of diameter slightly less than that of thefirst device 3 can be performed in order to enable efficient operation over a wider relative frequency band, as illustrated by thefigure 6d . Finally, asecond metal cage 3 can be added to themast 1 illustrated by thefigure 6d to further improve the efficiency of the device, as illustrated by thefigure 6e .
Dans une autre forme de réalisation particulière d'un dispositif de découplage d'un mât selon l'invention, illustré par la
Dans une autre forme de réalisation particulière d'un dispositif de découplage d'un mât selon l'invention, illustré par la
Dans une autre forme de réalisation particulière du dispositif de découplage selon l'invention, illustré par la
Les
Claims (10)
- Electromagnetic decoupling method of a substantially vertical support pole (1) made of an electrically conductive material and an antenna (2) which emits, in a frequency band [f1, f2] centred on a central frequency (f0), waves having an at least partially vertical polarisation, and which is supported by said supporting pole (1), characterised in that said antenna (2) is mounted on said pole (1) by a connection arm (4) and in that at least two electromagnetic decoupling devices (3) are arranged on the supporting pole (1) between the antenna (2) and the pole (1), including at least one electrically conductive decoupling element (5, 7, 17) having a length that is one fifth to one third of the wavelength (λ0) of the waves emitted by the antenna (2) at the central frequency (f0), at least a first device (3) being arranged on the pole (1) above said connection arm (4) and at least a second device (3) being arranged on the pole (1) below said connection arm (4), so as to neutralise the currents induced in the pole (1) by the waves emitted by said antenna (2).
- Method according to claim 1, wherein at least one decoupling device (3) is arranged coaxially on the pole (1).
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one decoupling device (3) is arranged along the length of the pole (1) at least at the height (L) of the antenna (2).
- Substantially vertical supporting pole (1), made of an electrically conductive material and including at least one antenna (2) which emits, in a frequency band [f1, f2] centred on a central frequency (f0), waves having an at least partially vertical polarisation characterised in that said antenna (2) is mounted on said pole (1) by a connection arm (4) and in that at least two electromagnetic decoupling devices (3) are arranged between the antenna (2) and the pole (1), including at least a primary device (3) being arranged on the pole (1) above said connection arm (4) and at least a secondary device (3) being arranged on the pole (1) below said connection arm (4), and including at least one electrically conductive decoupling element (5, 7, 17) having a length that is one fifth to one third of the wavelength (λ0) of the waves emitted by the antenna (2) at the central frequency (f0), so as to neutralise the currents induced in the pole (1) by the waves emitted by said antenna (2).
- Pole according to claim 4, wherein at least one decoupling element (5, 7, 17) extends parallel to the pole (1) over a length approximately equal to one quarter of the wavelength (λ0) of the waves emitted by the antenna (2) at the central frequency (f0).
- Pole according to the preceding claims 4 and 5, including a number of decoupling elements presented in the form of evenly distributed metal rods (17) bent into an L shape, each including a first portion (17a) arranged vertically, parallel to the pole (1), and a second portion (17b) arranged horizontally, perpendicular to the pole (1), connecting this latter to the lower end of the first portion (17a) in order to form a short-circuit line.
- Pole according to claim 6, characterised in that at least one device (3) further includes an electrically conductive ring (20) connecting the upper ends of the first portion (17a) of each rod so as to form a substantially cylindrical shaped structure or cage configured to be fitted coaxially on the supporting pole (1).
- Pole according to claim 7, characterised in that at least one device (3) further includes a second electrically conductive ring substantially of the same diameter as the first ring (20) connecting the rods (17) to each other at their bends (18).
- Pole according to any one of the preceding claims 4 to 8, said pole (1) including a number of decoupling devices (3), wherein the total of the height of a device (3) and the space between said device (3) and a device (3) arranged consecutively on the pole (1) is less than one quarter of the wavelength (λ0) at high frequency (f2) in the frequency band [f1, f2] in which the antenna operates (2).
- Pole according to any one of the preceding claims 4 to 9, wherein the antenna (2) is omnidirectional and is presented in the shape of a half-wave dipole (2a), arranged vertically and substantially parallel to the pole (1), configured to emit substantially vertical polarisation waves.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1257441A FR2994341B1 (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2012-07-31 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC DECOUPLING BETWEEN AN ANTENNA AND ITS SUPPORT MAT |
PCT/FR2013/051824 WO2014020272A1 (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2013-07-29 | Method for the electromagnetic decoupling of an antenna and the supporting pole thereof, and corresponding supporting pole |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2880712A1 EP2880712A1 (en) | 2015-06-10 |
EP2880712B1 true EP2880712B1 (en) | 2016-09-07 |
Family
ID=47178076
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13756618.8A Not-in-force EP2880712B1 (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2013-07-29 | Method for the electromagnetic decoupling of an antenna and the supporting pole thereof, and corresponding supporting pole |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2880712B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2994341B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014020272A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2184940A (en) * | 1937-07-27 | 1939-12-26 | Emi Ltd | Aerial mounting |
US4700196A (en) * | 1986-08-01 | 1987-10-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Highly decoupled cosited antennas |
-
2012
- 2012-07-31 FR FR1257441A patent/FR2994341B1/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-07-29 EP EP13756618.8A patent/EP2880712B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2013-07-29 WO PCT/FR2013/051824 patent/WO2014020272A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2994341B1 (en) | 2015-04-10 |
WO2014020272A1 (en) | 2014-02-06 |
EP2880712A1 (en) | 2015-06-10 |
FR2994341A1 (en) | 2014-02-07 |
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