EP2873334B2 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erkennung von Stranginhomogenitäten eines Materialstrangs der Tabak verarbeitenden Industrie - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erkennung von Stranginhomogenitäten eines Materialstrangs der Tabak verarbeitenden Industrie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2873334B2
EP2873334B2 EP14191605.6A EP14191605A EP2873334B2 EP 2873334 B2 EP2873334 B2 EP 2873334B2 EP 14191605 A EP14191605 A EP 14191605A EP 2873334 B2 EP2873334 B2 EP 2873334B2
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Prior art keywords
rod
strand
measuring
tobacco
tolerance range
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2873334B1 (de
EP2873334A1 (de
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Dierk SCHRÖDER
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Koerber Technologies GmbH
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Koerber Technologies GmbH
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24C—MACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
    • A24C5/00—Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
    • A24C5/32—Separating, ordering, counting or examining cigarettes; Regulating the feeding of tobacco according to rod or cigarette condition
    • A24C5/34—Examining cigarettes or the rod, e.g. for regulating the feeding of tobacco; Removing defective cigarettes
    • A24C5/3412—Examining cigarettes or the rod, e.g. for regulating the feeding of tobacco; Removing defective cigarettes by means of light, radiation or electrostatic fields
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24C—MACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
    • A24C5/00—Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
    • A24C5/32—Separating, ordering, counting or examining cigarettes; Regulating the feeding of tobacco according to rod or cigarette condition
    • A24C5/34—Examining cigarettes or the rod, e.g. for regulating the feeding of tobacco; Removing defective cigarettes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for detecting strand inhomogeneities of a strand of material in the tobacco processing industry, in particular a strand of tobacco or a filter strand, wherein the strand of material is conveyed longitudinally axially by at least two strand measuring devices operated at different measuring frequencies.
  • the invention further relates to a device for detecting strand inhomogeneities of a material strand in the tobacco processing industry, a strand machine in the tobacco processing industry, a use and a software program.
  • strands of material are produced, for example tobacco strands or filter strands.
  • the tobacco rod or filter rod is cut to length into individual tobacco rods or filter rods.
  • a common material for making filter strands is a tow of cellulose acetate, which can be treated with a plasticizer, such as triacetin, before strand formation.
  • a filter strand based on cellulose acetate can be covered with a wrapping paper during its formation or can be produced with a heat treatment as a so-called “non-wrapped acetate” (NWA) filter strand.
  • NWA non-wrapped acetate
  • objects can also be inserted into such a filter strand.
  • Such objects can either have additional filter properties, such as activated carbon particles, or flavor-bearing objects, such as liquid-filled capsules, can be introduced.
  • the composition of the material strand can change locally due to the inclusion of foreign bodies, for example metal particles or plastic particles. Larger cavities resulting from defects in the strand are also undesirable, but generally represent a negligible problem.
  • EP 1 330 961 B1 a method for determining and removing foreign bodies in a stream of tobacco is known, wherein a continuous strand with a tobacco filling is passed through a forming station and then divided into cigarette sections by a cutting device. The tobacco stream or tobacco rod is exposed to electromagnetic radiation of a preselected frequency and an output signal is detected which indicates changes in moisture content along the tobacco stream caused by the presence of foreign bodies in the stream itself. The output signal is provided with an upper threshold signal and a lower threshold signal compared, which are of a predetermined and constant amplitude. According to EP 1 330 961 B1 is measured at microwave frequencies.
  • German patent application no. 10 2012 209 954.9 The applicant also describes a method for detecting strand inhomogeneities of a strand of material in the tobacco processing industry, in particular of inserted objects, defective objects and / or foreign bodies, in which objects are inserted into a strand of material, in particular a strand of tobacco or a filter strand, at predetermined object positions and After inserting the objects, the material strand is conveyed longitudinally axially by at least two strand measuring devices operated at different frequencies, which are in particular combined to form a combination strand measuring device, whereby for the purpose of evaluating the measurement signals, the material strand is divided into object sections, each of which contains one or more predetermined object positions, and into empty sections without predetermined ones Object positions are divided, the measurement signals of the strand measuring devices in the object sections and the empty sections being evaluated using different evaluation methods, with a position determination and / or a quality control of at least one object taking place in the object sections in an object algorithm from the temporal change of at least one of the measurement signals and in
  • the previously known dielectric methods using high-frequency technology or microwave technology to detect foreign bodies measure the complex dielectric constant ⁇ with the sizes real part ⁇ ' and imaginary part ⁇ " or the amount and phase of the material to be examined.
  • the complex dielectric constant ⁇ can be, among other things, in convert the mass and water content of the material to be measured.
  • the measurements are subject to certain fluctuations, which, in addition to the inhomogeneity of the water content of the material to be measured, can also be caused by the inhomogeneity of the material composition.
  • US 4,942,363 A a method for monitoring the moisture and density in a tobacco rod using scattered linearly polarized electromagnetic microwave radiation, which is detected at an angle to the direction of entry, taking advantage of the fact that the complex dielectric constant of water changes greatly in the GHz range, while that of Tobacco tends to remain constant.
  • radiation of two different frequencies, namely 25 GHz and 100 GHz, from a single source is scattered along the strand and detected at different angles selected for each individual frequency.
  • the actual moisture and density are determined relative to a desired moisture and density.
  • the measured intensities of the scattered radiation are compared with the desired intensities of a tobacco rod with the desired moisture and density and, in the event of deviations, corrective measures are taken.
  • GB 2489586 A relates to a method for determining weight proportions of several ingredients in a filter material in the form of a filter rod or a filter strand. At least two measuring devices, a conveying device for the filter material and an evaluation device are included. Filter material is conveyed by a microwave measuring device and by an HF measuring device, with at least three measured variables being measured at at least one microwave frequency and at least one high frequency, which are influenced by the amounts and the permittivity numbers of the ingredients of the filter material contained in the mixture. The weight proportions of the ingredients in the filter material are determined from the measurement results.
  • plastic particles typically have a significantly smaller imaginary part ⁇ " of the dielectric constant compared to the real part than tobacco. This leads to a deviation in the measured value.
  • Foreign bodies can thus be recognized by the fact that their measured values differ from the fluctuations in the values that normally occur during production Measured values differ significantly.
  • the present invention is based on the object of providing a method and a device for detecting strand inhomogeneities of a material strand in the tobacco processing industry, with which even small foreign bodies and inhomogeneities can be recognized with a high degree of certainty and a low rate of false positive signals.
  • the object is achieved by a method for detecting strand inhomogeneities of a strand of material in the tobacco processing industry, in particular a tobacco strand or a filter strand, wherein the strand of material is conveyed longitudinally axially by at least two strand measuring devices operated at different measuring frequencies, which is further developed in that from measurement signals of the at least two strand measuring devices are derived independently of each other, at least one comparison variable is derived, a difference of the comparison variable or differences of several comparison variables or a difference vector is formed from the differences of several comparison variables of the at least two strand measuring devices, and it is checked whether the difference, the differences or the difference vector within at least of a predetermined or predeterminable tolerance range, whereby exceeding the tolerance range signals an intolerable strand inhomogeneity, with at least one measurement frequency being in the microwave range and another measurement frequency being in the HF range.
  • This process is based on the basic idea of a multi-frequency process and takes advantage of its advantages.
  • the measurement frequency decreases, the real part and the imaginary part of the dielectric constant of tobacco and other water-containing plant products increase sharply.
  • this does not apply to the foreign bodies of main interest, such as plastics.
  • the same foreign body at different frequencies leads to deviations from the normal measured value distribution of varying degrees.
  • the usual distribution of the individual measured values should only differ slightly for the different frequencies if the measuring systems are correctly calibrated. Basically, if the various measuring systems were calibrated theoretically completely error-free, one would expect a congruent course.
  • This behavior means that, according to the invention, fluctuations in the measured values are searched for in which the deviation of the measured values at the different frequencies differ significantly from one another.
  • the criterion for this is a tolerance range for the difference vector for the differences between the comparison variables, i.e. the derived variables.
  • a tolerance range can be defined around a single measured value of one measurement, which is elliptical, rectangular or similar, in which it can be expected that the corresponding measured value at the other measuring frequency will be within this tolerance range if there is no foreign body. If this is not the case, there was a foreign body or another strong inhomogeneity in the strand in this measuring volume.
  • a difference vector already exists when differences are formed in the measured values of at least two comparison variables.
  • the term “vector” is therefore interchangeable in the present context with, for example, “tuple” or “pair” or similar terms that describe a coherent plurality of values.
  • a pair of comparison variables for example strand moisture and strand density, can also be called a “comparison variable vector”.
  • an “untolerable” inhomogeneity is understood to mean an inhomogeneity that would lead to an unusable product, for example due to foreign bodies or oversized cavities, the latter particularly in filter strands.
  • the naturally occurring inhomogeneity of a tobacco rod, for example, is not included here.
  • the advantage of this method is that the fluctuations in the individual measured values during normal production at the different frequencies are essentially the same direction and of the same magnitude.
  • the natural fluctuations in moisture and density are reproduced approximately congruently by both measuring methods.
  • the measured values differ from each other. Only deviations between the measurement signals lead to the detection of foreign bodies. This means that the distances between the thresholds for detecting foreign bodies can be set much narrower than with the previous method. This makes it possible to detect significantly smaller foreign bodies compared to conventional methods.
  • At least one measurement frequency is in the microwave range and another measurement frequency is in the HF range, in particular the frequency of the strand measuring device in the microwave range being greater by a factor of 10 to 900 than the frequency of the strand measuring device in the HF range.
  • the microwave range is understood to mean in particular a range between 1 GHz and 30 GHz, in particular between 4 GHz and 8 GHz, while an HF frequency or high frequency is understood to mean the range between 100 kHz and 300 MHz, in particular between 1 MHz and 10 MHz.
  • a strand density and/or a strand moisture and/or a real part and/or an imaginary part and/or an amount and/or a phase of a complex dielectric constant or permittivity are derived from the measurement signals as comparison variables.
  • the strand density is a derived quantity from the mass. Since the indirect measurement of the mass is known when the geometric dimensions of the strand are known, the strand density, for example, can be easily calculated from this.
  • one or more further measured variables are derived from the measurement signals of at least one of the strand measuring devices, which are not derived from the measurement signals of the other strand measuring device or are not compared with the corresponding measured variables of the other strand measuring device.
  • additional material parameters are recorded, which, however, are not subject to comparison.
  • This procedure is also suitable, for example, for parameters that are required in a strand measuring device with high accuracy can be measured and in the other strand measuring device with such low accuracy that a comparison to detect strand inhomogeneities is no longer useful.
  • a time offset that occurs between the measurement signals due to a distance between the strand measuring devices in the strand conveying direction depending on a current material strand conveying speed is compensated for by a time delay in the processing of the measurement signals or derived comparison variables of the strand measuring device arranged upstream.
  • the same measuring field geometry is advantageously implemented in the at least two strand measuring devices, in particular gap width, undercuts, etc. This measure increases comparability and simplifies cross-calibration between the strand measuring devices.
  • the tolerance range for sections of the filter strand with objects and for sections of the filter strand without objects is defined differently, in particular with an offset to one another, and/or at least one of the strand measuring devices is operated with a variable frequency, with different frequencies and/or evaluation algorithms being used in the different sections.
  • a determination of moisture and/or the amount of an additive, in particular a plasticizer is preferably carried out in the object-free sections, in particular additionally, and/or in the object-filled sections an additional determination of a lack, a density, a mass and/or damage is carried out of an object.
  • an additive in particular a plasticizer
  • the tolerance range is preferably defined as rectangular or elliptical or deformed, the tolerance range being particularly dependent on an absolute value of at least one comparison value.
  • two comparison variables for example strand moisture and strand density
  • a two-dimensional comparison variable vector results, so that a two-dimensional tolerance range is defined for this.
  • the tolerance range must be dimensioned accordingly.
  • the tolerance range can represent an ellipsoid or a cuboid or another suitable spatial shape.
  • the limits in the respective dimensions can depend on the direction of a change. In this way, non-linearities in the derivations of the comparison variables can be taken into account.
  • At least one absolute limit value is also used for at least one measured value or a comparison value of at least one strand measuring device or at least one limit value defined for a running average of a measured value or comparison value, exceeding or falling below which signals an intolerable strand inhomogeneity.
  • the electronic circuits used are subject to drift, for example due to temperature influences, aging, etc. This limits the accuracy of the ideal parallel operation of the coordinated strand measuring systems and thus the accuracy of the measurement.
  • This effect is advantageously reduced in that the derivation of at least one comparison variable from the measurement signals of the at least two strand measuring devices is continuously adjusted to one another during operation, in particular by evaluating ongoing average values, standard deviations and / or combinations of average values and standard deviations of the comparison variable, in particular measured values for the comparison size of the less accurate one of the at least two strand measuring devices can be adapted to the corresponding measured values of the less accurate strand measuring device.
  • This approach works because the detection of inhomogeneities only involves deviations from mean values, i.e. short-term processes. Drifting, on the other hand, is always a long-term process.
  • the corresponding measured value, for example the strand moisture, of the other strand measuring device can be adjusted, for example, by a linear transformation, i.e. multiplication by a linearity factor and subtraction of an offset, so that the mean value and standard deviation of the strand moisture from the second strand measuring device correspond to the mean value and the standard deviation from the first correspond to the strand measuring device used as a reference.
  • the averaging can also be a running average, so that the linearity factor and offset are also continuously adjusted.
  • the signal-to-noise ratio i.e. the detection accuracy
  • the signal-to-noise ratio can be further improved by averaging the measured values of the two frequency ranges over a predeterminable range before the evaluation, in particular with a suitable weight function that results from the measuring field geometry .
  • This weighted averaging is a folding of the successive measured values of the respective strand measuring devices with the sensitivity in the strand direction.
  • the material strand is conveyed at a known speed through the respective measuring field of the strand measuring devices. An inhomogeneity therefore remains in the resonator or a measuring capacitor for a certain period of time.
  • the measurement sensitivity is low when entering and exiting the resonator or measuring capacitor, but is greater in the center.
  • the sensitivity in the direction of the strand is therefore dependent on the geometry, for example approximately Gaussian-shaped or has a correspondingly different course.
  • a certain known number of measurements are made while passing through the measuring geometry.
  • a device for detecting strand inhomogeneities of a strand of material in the tobacco processing industry, in particular a tobacco strand or a filter strand comprising at least two strand measuring devices operated or operable with different measuring frequencies, through which the strand of material can be conveyed or conveyed one after the other in the longitudinal axial direction is solved, which is further developed in that an evaluation device is included, which is designed to independently derive at least two comparison variables from measurement signals of the at least two strand measuring devices, a difference of the comparison variable or differences of several comparison variables or a difference vector from the differences of several comparison variables to form at least two strand measuring devices and to check whether the difference, the differences or the difference vector is or are within a predetermined or predeterminable tolerance range, with exceeding the tolerance range signaling an intolerable strand inhomogeneity, with at least one strand measuring device as a microwave strand measuring device and / or at least one Strand measuring device is designed as a capacitive HF
  • This device is based on the same basic idea as the method according to the invention and shares its advantages, properties and features.
  • At least one strand measuring device is designed as a microwave strand measuring device and/or at least one strand measuring device is designed as a capacitive HF strand measuring device. These preferably have the same or similar measuring field geometries.
  • At least one of the strand measuring devices is designed to be operated at a variable frequency. This is particularly advantageous for filter strands in which objects are inserted and which therefore have to be evaluated differently in object sections and empty sections.
  • the device is designed to carry out a previously described method according to the invention. This applies in particular to the evaluation device.
  • the object on which the invention is based is also achieved by a rod machine in the tobacco processing industry, in particular a tobacco rod machine or filter rod machine, with a previously described device according to the invention.
  • the object on which the invention is based is also achieved by using a tolerance range for a difference or differences or difference vectors of one or more comparison variables derived from measurement signals from two strand measuring devices operated at different frequencies of a previously described device according to the invention for detecting intolerable strand inhomogeneities in one by the strand measuring devices longitudinally axially conveyed material strand of the tobacco processing industry, in particular tobacco rod or filter strand, solved and by a software program with program code means, by means of which, when executed on an evaluation device designed as a data processing device of a previously described device according to the invention, a previously described method according to the invention is carried out.
  • the strand machine, the use and the software program also share the advantages, properties and features of the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention
  • Embodiments according to the invention can fulfill individual features or a combination of several features.
  • FIG. 1 A two-strand cigarette manufacturing machine of the type “PROTOS” from the applicant is shown schematically, which is composed in an “L-shaped” configuration from a two-strand machine 2 and a filter attachment machine 3.
  • the machine 1 is shown with the top panels closed; details are not shown for the sake of clarity.
  • the manufacturing process of two endless tobacco strands begins in the two-strand machine 2 in a two-strand distribution unit 4 with a pre-distributor 5, which includes, among other things, a steep conveyor and two storage shafts as well as other known components.
  • a pre-distributor 5 which includes, among other things, a steep conveyor and two storage shafts as well as other known components.
  • loose tobacco material is conveyed to a first and a parallel second strand conveyor 6 and is showered onto the strand conveyors from below, so that two strands of tobacco are formed, which are held on the strand conveyors by means of suction air.
  • Hanging on the strand conveyors 6, the tobacco material is conveyed towards a first and a second format unit 8.
  • the still open tobacco strands are each wrapped in a wrapping paper unit 7 with wrapping paper strips, which are glued to one longitudinal edge.
  • the tobacco strands are then formed in the two format units 8 into two endless, closed tobacco strands with a round cross-section and the gluing of the wrapping paper strips is solidified.
  • the tobacco strands After the tobacco strands have been formed, they are guided through a measuring device 9 with one or more measuring units for measuring properties of the respective tobacco material strand. For example, the wrapping paper is visually inspected and the strand moisture and density are measured.
  • the two-strand machine 2 is controlled from a control console 11.
  • a knife and transfer unit 10 in which the strands are cut into individual tobacco sticks of multiple usable lengths, the individual tobacco sticks are diverted from a longitudinal to a transverse-axial conveyance and are transferred to the filter attachment machine 3.
  • the filter attachment machine 3 also has, among other things, a covering paper unit 12 from which covering paper is removed, cut and glued. The individual sheets of covering paper are then wrapped in designated areas around the tobacco sticks and double filter plugs, which are thereby connected to one another. Finally, the double cigarettes produced in this way are cut in the middle and transported away individually.
  • FIG. 2 A combination strand measuring device 20 that can be used according to the invention is shown schematically in cross section.
  • the combination strand measuring device 20 has a common housing 21, which is penetrated by a protective tube 23, through which a strand of material, for example a filter strand or a tobacco strand, is guided, the strand of material first entering through a strand inlet tube 22 with a conical inner diameter before passing through the Protective tube 23 passes through.
  • a strand of material for example a filter strand or a tobacco strand
  • the combination strand measuring device 20 has a microwave strand measuring device 30 and a capacitive HF strand measuring device 40 in succession in the strand conveying direction.
  • the microwave strand measuring device 30 corresponds, for example, to a microwave strand measuring device as described in German patent application no. 10 2011 083 049.9 is described by the applicant.
  • This has a microwave resonator 31 in a microwave resonator housing 32.
  • the microwave resonator 31 is essentially cylindrical in shape, with the protective tube 23 passing centrally through the cylindrical microwave resonator 31.
  • the common housing 21 also contains several cavities with measuring, temperature control and power electronics 37, which are thus integrated into the microwave strand measuring device 30.
  • the power and measuring electronics have the same temperature as the microwave resonator 31 and thus provide temperature control for the entire microwave strand measuring device 30 results.
  • the subsequent capacitive HF strand measuring device 40 has a measuring capacitor 41 with a capacitor housing 42 and electrode surfaces 43, 44. An HF alternating voltage in the range between 10 MHz and around 500 MHz is applied to this.
  • a corresponding capacitive HF strand measuring device is from German patent application No. 10 2011 083 052.9 known to the applicant, whose disclosure content in this regard should also be incorporated by reference into the present patent application.
  • the capacitive HF strand measuring device 40 also has conical collars 45 with respect to the electrode surfaces 43 and 44, with which the geometry of the measuring capacitor 41 is adapted to the geometry of the microwave resonator 31.
  • the measurement signals of the microwave strand measuring device 30 and the capacitive HF strand measuring device 40 are therefore also directly comparable with one another with regard to the geometry of the microwave resonator 31 and the measuring capacitor 41 and thus the alternating electromagnetic fields.
  • the conical collars 45 with the corresponding undercuts ensure that in this case too, the HF fields do not penetrate far out of the measuring capacitor 41 in the axial direction of the material strand and in particular do not penetrate into the microwave resonator 31.
  • the capacitive HF strand measuring device 40 also has measuring, temperature control and power electronics 47 integrated in cavities in the common housing 21. All power electronics, measuring electronics and the temperature control of the entire combination strand measuring device 20 are thus integrated in the combination strand measuring device 20.
  • Fig. 3 the combination strand measuring device 20 is off Fig. 2 shown schematically in a perspective view.
  • the viewer looks at the front of the combination strand measuring device 20 with the microwave strand measuring device 30 as well as the strand inlet tube 22 and the protective tube 23 visible on the inside. Behind it is the capacitive HF strand measuring device 40.
  • the individual housings are connected to form a common housing.
  • Fig. 4 The frequency dependence of the imaginary part ⁇ " of tobacco and plastic is shown. Both the abscissa and the ordinate are shown in arbitrary units "au"("arbitraryunits").
  • the imaginary part ⁇ " of the dielectric constant is shown as the ordinate or y-axis , the frequency, also with arbitrary units, as the abscissa or x-axis.
  • the frequency-dependent course of ⁇ " of tobacco is shown as curve 60 and has a significantly smaller magnitude at microwave frequencies than at high frequencies.
  • the magnitude of ⁇ " of plastic, which is shown as curve 61, is flat and almost zero.
  • FIG. 5 A typical two-dimensional measurement signal I MW from a microwave measuring device is shown for a tobacco rod transported through it.
  • the strand density ⁇ is shown in arbitrary units, while on the vertical axis the strand moisture ⁇ is shown in arbitrary units.
  • the measured values of these variables fluctuate quite strongly, particularly in the dimension of the strand density ⁇ , while they are more concentrated in terms of the strand moisture ⁇ .
  • the strand density of the tobacco rod changes on a very small scale due to the presence of different tobacco leaf parts such as ribs, which have a higher density, and ribless leaf components, which have a lower density. For each measuring point there is a combination of a strand density value and a strand moisture value.
  • the range of fluctuation in weight is mainly due to actual differences in density in the strand, while the range of fluctuation in the water content is largely due to fluctuations in the water content. Since the processed tobacco is conditioned, a comparatively constant water content can be expected. In addition to the inhomogeneity of the water content, the measured fluctuation range also includes an inhomogeneity of the material composition. In Fig. 5 a signal curve is shown with a relatively large fluctuation range in the vertical axis.
  • a foreign body in the material to be measured is recognized by the fact that its complex dielectric constant values differ from the corresponding values of the material to be measured and its surroundings. Since, for example, a plastic particle typically has a much smaller imaginary component ⁇ " of the dielectric constant compared to the real part than tobacco, this leads to a deviation in the measured value, for example in the in Fig. 5 Direction shown by arrow 1. Foreign bodies can therefore only be detected if their measured values differ from the fluctuations in measured values that normally occur during production. The decision as to what is a foreign body and what is not is therefore based on the distance between the individual measured values and the measured value distribution during normal production.
  • the deviation in the direction of the ordinate serves as the main criterion for detecting foreign bodies.
  • a lower threshold A and an upper threshold B are introduced, the fall below or exceeding of which serve as a signal for a foreign body.
  • Fig. 5 also shows that the variability that occurs during production limits the sensitivity of foreign body detection.
  • the foreign body 2 which starts from a relatively low ordinate value, leads to the threshold A being undershot, while the same foreign body 3, which starts from a higher ordinate value, does not lead to the threshold being undershot.
  • you want to detect small foreign bodies you have to recognize very small distances from the average measured value distribution as foreign bodies. Because of the small distance between the thresholds and the measured values that occur, static fluctuations in the measured values, as in the case of the signal curve I MW , can easily lead to the unauthorized detection of foreign bodies if the distance between the threshold and the average signal curve is chosen to be too small. Very small foreign bodies can only cause small changes in the dielectric constant, which remain within the normal distribution of measured values. Such foreign bodies are therefore not detected.
  • Fig. 6 the evaluation according to the invention of the in Fig. 5 shown measurement signal curve. Again, only the measured value curve I MW from the microwave measuring device is shown as a solid line. For a measuring point or a pair of measured values or measured value vector ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) from I MW , however, a measuring point of the measuring signal I HF of the HF strand measuring device corresponding to the same strand section is also shown, which differs from the measuring point I MW in both the derived moisture and the derived strand density differs.
  • the search is for fluctuations in the measured values in which the deviations of the measured values in the ordinate and/or abscissa of the different frequencies differ significantly from one another.
  • a tolerance range 70 is defined around the individual measured value of the microwave measurement, which is in Fig. 6 is defined elliptically, it can be expected that the corresponding measured value of the HF measurement will be within this tolerance range. This is in Fig. 6 shown. If the other measured value is outside the tolerance range, this is a criterion for the presence of a foreign body.
  • the advantage of this method is that the fluctuations in the individual measured values during normal production are compensated for by the fact that the fluctuations arise due to real inhomogeneities in the strand and are therefore the same in both measurements and are largely eliminated by forming a difference.
  • the distances between the threshold as the definition of the tolerance range, can therefore be set much narrower than with the previous method. This makes it possible to detect significantly smaller foreign bodies than before.
  • Fig. 7 The signal processing sequence is shown schematically.
  • the immediate measurement signals from the microwave strand measuring device and the HF strand measuring device are analyzed in a method step 81 or 81 'and comparison variables, in this case strand densities ⁇ 1 ', ⁇ 2 and strand moisture values ⁇ 1 ' and ⁇ 2 are determined. Since the strand is first conveyed through one strand measuring device and then through the other strand measuring device, there is a time offset. The measured values ⁇ 1 ' and ⁇ 2 or ⁇ 1 ' and ⁇ 2 obtained at the same time therefore relate to different strand sections and cannot be compared with one another.
  • a time delay is therefore carried out corresponding to the time it takes for the strand to travel from the first to the second strand measuring device.
  • the result of this operation is a comparison value pair ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 1 , which relates to the same strand section as the comparison value pair ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 2 from the second strand measuring device.
  • a difference value ⁇ is created from the strand density measurement values ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 and a difference value ⁇ is created from the strand moisture measurement values ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 .
  • the difference between ⁇ and ⁇ can be absolute, i.e. in a positive value
  • This positive value can then be compared with a function defined in this area, for example a quarter ellipse.
  • this value can also be compared with specific limit values. This case corresponds to a rectangular tolerance range. This approach is particularly effective when nonlinearity disappears.
  • a deformed tolerance range can also be determined, which takes into account the non-linearity of the measurement and the underlying dielectric constant.
  • a quadratic addition is carried out, weighted with appropriate weighting factors, the amount of which must be smaller than a threshold S.
  • This configuration corresponds to an elliptical tolerance range.
  • Fig. 8 shows a schematic representation of a measurement signal vector of a microwave measuring device, from whose measurement signal I MW the real part ⁇ 'and the Imaginary part ⁇ " of the complex permittivity or dielectric constant ⁇ of the strand material is derived.
  • the amount and the phase of the complex permittivity could be suitably represented and serve as a basis for a comparison according to the invention to detect strand inhomogeneities.
  • the ⁇ values are advantageously used of the different frequencies are proportionally adjusted to the same fluctuation ranges.

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  • Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
EP14191605.6A 2013-11-19 2014-11-04 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erkennung von Stranginhomogenitäten eines Materialstrangs der Tabak verarbeitenden Industrie Active EP2873334B2 (de)

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DE102016114642A1 (de) * 2016-08-08 2018-02-08 Hauni Maschinenbau Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erkennen und/oder Prüfen eines in ein stab- oder strangförmiges Produkt der Tabak verarbeitenden Industrie eingelegten Objekts
CN111487296B (zh) * 2020-04-21 2022-11-01 郑州星驰智能科技有限公司 一种粉末状物料混合均匀度的检测方法
DE102020123754A1 (de) 2020-09-11 2022-03-17 Endress+Hauser Conducta Gmbh+Co. Kg Taster zur Erkennung von Phasenübergängen
DE102020129732B3 (de) * 2020-11-11 2021-12-02 Tews Elektronik Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erkennung von Kapselfehlern in einem Filter der tabakverarbeitenden Industrie
DE102021110760A1 (de) 2021-04-27 2022-10-27 Tews Elektronik Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Messung eines Zusatzstoffgehalts in einem Tabakpapier für elektrische Zigaretten

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DE102013223535A1 (de) 2015-05-21
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CN104643283A (zh) 2015-05-27

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