EP2860546B1 - Appareil de mesure doté d'un miroir rotatif pour le balayage optique d'un environnement - Google Patents

Appareil de mesure doté d'un miroir rotatif pour le balayage optique d'un environnement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2860546B1
EP2860546B1 EP13187890.2A EP13187890A EP2860546B1 EP 2860546 B1 EP2860546 B1 EP 2860546B1 EP 13187890 A EP13187890 A EP 13187890A EP 2860546 B1 EP2860546 B1 EP 2860546B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinder
cylinder wall
mirror
rotation
laser scanner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13187890.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2860546A1 (fr
Inventor
Karl Helmut Plangger
Tim Mayer
Jochen Scheja
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hexagon Technology Center GmbH
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Hexagon Technology Center GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hexagon Technology Center GmbH filed Critical Hexagon Technology Center GmbH
Priority to EP13187890.2A priority Critical patent/EP2860546B1/fr
Priority to CN201410524978.8A priority patent/CN104567814B/zh
Priority to US14/511,023 priority patent/US9341474B2/en
Publication of EP2860546A1 publication Critical patent/EP2860546A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2860546B1 publication Critical patent/EP2860546B1/fr
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
    • G01C15/002—Active optical surveying means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4817—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements relating to scanning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G02B26/10—Scanning systems
    • G02B26/105—Scanning systems with one or more pivoting mirrors or galvano-mirrors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
    • G02B7/182—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors
    • G02B7/1821—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors for rotating or oscillating mirrors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a surveying apparatus, a laser scanner for optically scanning an environment, according to the preamble of claim 1 and a rotation unit for such a surveying apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the surveying apparatus comprises a rotation unit with a rotation mirror, for deflecting a transmitted light beam and a received light beam , And a cylindrically shaped body of revolution with a tapered, free end.
  • Such surveying equipment is used for detecting three-dimensional objects or surfaces. In doing so, they key such a three-dimensional structure as e.g. that of a building, with laser pulses successively and then calculate from the returned reflection pulses a corresponding three-dimensional model describing the surface of the object.
  • Devices designed as laser scanners for optically scanning an environment usually comprise a measuring head mounted on a base, which is rotatable relative to this base about a base rotational axis.
  • laser light source and light sensor for the reception of reflected laser pulses are housed on one side and a transmitting and receiving optics and an outlet opening, the exit or entry of the radiation from or into the housing allowed.
  • the outlet opening vis-à-vis the measuring head has a Rotation mirror for deflecting the transmitted light beam and received light beam, which is rotatable about an axis of rotation perpendicular to the base axis.
  • intersection of the two axes of rotation usually corresponds to the point of incidence of the transmitted light beam on the rotary mirror, wherein the rotary mirror is arranged generally at an angle of 45 ° inclined to the axes of rotation.
  • Such designed as a laser scanner device for optically scanning an environment is for example from the DE 10 2009 057 101 A1 known.
  • This device also has a rotation mirror for deflecting the transmitted light beam and the received light beam, which in this case is part of a rotary unit constructed as a hybrid structure, ie a multi-part structure made of different materials, wherein the rotation unit has a metal holder and a plastic housing in addition to the rotary mirror ,
  • the mass-dominant retainer allows for balancing while the housing serves as a touch guard.
  • the holder has a cylindrical basic shape with a 45 ° surface and various recesses with material parts, for example in the form of wings, shoulders or protrusions, between the recesses for balancing the rotor.
  • the rotation mirror is fixed by adhesive on the 45 ° surface of the holder, wherein the adhesive special mounting surfaces are provided within the 45 ° surface.
  • the housing has the shape of a 45 ° cut hollow cylinder. It surrounds at least the Holder, but may also overlap the rotation mirror on the edge.
  • EP 2 860 546 shows, inter alia, a rotation unit for a surveying device with scan functionality, wherein the rotation unit has a beveled hollow cylinder as a rotational body, on the free, beveled end a rotation mirror is arranged, wherein the hollow cylinder is rotatably mounted about its cylinder axis.
  • the rotation unit has a beveled hollow cylinder as a rotational body, on the free, beveled end a rotation mirror is arranged, wherein the hollow cylinder is rotatably mounted about its cylinder axis.
  • DE 1496526 deals generally with how mirrors can be made splinter-free, splintering of the mirror is achieved in an emergency, primarily on the application of appropriate security films.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a surveying apparatus for optically scanning an environment with a rotation mirror as part of a rotation unit and the provision of such a rotation unit with rotation mirror, with which at least some of the disadvantages described in the prior art are overcome.
  • the object of the invention is in particular to provide a rotation unit for a generic surveying device, which is lightweight and can be better avoided in the voltages in the mirror.
  • the object of the invention is in particular also to provide such a rotation unit in which the flatness of the mirror is not affected by changing temperatures and / or rapid rotational movements.
  • At least one of these objects is achieved by a surveying device according to the respective independent claims or by a rotation unit according to the independent claim 1 and one or more of the dependent claims.
  • Such a rotation unit for a surveying device which is designed as a laser scanner for optically sensing an environment, is a rotation unit with a cylindrical body having a cylindrical axis and a tapered free end, in the region inclined relative to the cylinder axis, a rotation mirror for deflecting a transmitted light beam and a receiving light beam is provided.
  • the rotary body is formed as a hollow cylinder with a cavity, wherein the cavity transverse to the axial direction through a cylinder bottom and radially through a substantially axially from Cylinder bottom protruding cylinder wall is limited.
  • the cavity is delimited on the side opposite the cylinder bottom by the rotary mirror, which is fastened to it in the region of the chamfered, free end of the cylinder wall.
  • the hollow cylinder is in turn connected with respect to its cylinder axis coaxial with a motor-driven shaft rotation, preferably via its cylinder bottom.
  • the rotary mirror is thus fixed to the component, which is also non-rotatably connected to the driven shaft.
  • the rotation unit according to the invention therefore does not have any actual mirror holder and no actual housing. This simplifies assembly and shortens the assembly time.
  • the dimensions can be kept very compact, so that the rotation unit is very stiff and space-saving and due to the designed as a hollow cylinder body of revolution is also very easy.
  • the rotational mirror is fixed in its peripheral region along its circumference to the cylinder wall of the hollow cylinder. In this way, thermal and mechanical stresses can be avoided, which usually occur at a gluing of the mirror end face on the beveled cylinder with adhesive dots on the entire back of the mirror surface. and which negatively affect the flatness of the mirror.
  • the rotation unit is, as stated, firmly connected to a driven shaft.
  • the shaft is driven by a motor which is mounted in a motor housing, which in turn is mounted in the surveying device.
  • One of the rotation unit facing housing wall of the Motor housing has an outlet opening for the passage of the shaft.
  • an angle encoder is preferably arranged, with the aid of which the exact angular position of the rotation unit and thus that of the rotation mirror can be determined. In this way, the direction of transmitting or receiving light beam can be determined.
  • An encoder disk of the angle encoder is preferably arranged on the cylinder base of the rotation unit, while a sensor of the angle encoder is arranged on that side of the motor housing facing the rotation unit.
  • the cylinder bottom can preferably be slightly offset in the hollow cylinder, so that the cylinder wall projects beyond the cylinder bottom in the direction of the engine housing.
  • the cylinder wall of the rotary body designed as a hollow cylinder can embrace and protect the encoder disk outside.
  • This construction thus saves space and reduces assembly costs, since components such as circular disk carrier and sensor carrier can be saved.
  • this allows the use of cylindrical sensors. Also in this way both the use of optical and capacitive sensors is possible.
  • Another advantage is that in this way the deflection of the shaft by means of the Winkelencoders can be measured as axial and radial offset, which in turn can be used for a more accurate evaluation of the results.
  • angle encoder which detects the rotation of the rotating body
  • the encoder disc of the Winkelencoders on the back, so on that of the rotation unit opposite side of the motor housing.
  • the shaft is mounted on both sides of the motor housing, with a fixed-lot-bearing concept, where they usually on the opposite side of the rotary body of the motor housing with radial play (loose-stock) or lower Bearing stiffness is stored.
  • the angle encoder can also be advantageously used to measure the movement of the shaft in the bearing clearance.
  • the rotary body formed as a hollow cylinder is advantageously made of a lightweight material, such as aluminum, an aluminum alloy, magnesium, magnesium alloy or plastic. It is preferably formed integrally with its cylinder base, which simplifies the production and reduces the chained tolerances.
  • hollow cylinder and cylinder bottom can be made as two separate components. This is particularly advantageous if the cylinder base at the same time serves as a balancing element and is then made of a material with a higher specific gravity than the hollow cylinder, namely, for example, from a brass alloy.
  • the shaft serves as a cylinder bottom and the hollow cylinder is connected either directly to the shaft by means of a press fit, a bond or a detachable connection, such as a screw connection.
  • the rotary body Due to the selected lightweight material for the rotary body and by the design as a hollow body, the rotary body can be made very compact, resulting in an ideal ratio of mass and stiffness.
  • This rigidity of the structure supporting the rotation mirror in turn has a positive effect on the stresses, in particular bending stresses in the mirror and in the connection between the mirror and the rotating body, which ensures the flatness of the mirror surface and angular stability even at high speeds.
  • the rotary mirror is attached to the front side of the cylinder wall.
  • the inclination angle of the rotary mirror corresponds to the inclination angle of the rotary mirror, the inclination angle of the tapered, free end of the cylinder wall relative to the cylinder axis, which is preferably 45 °. If the end face of the cylinder wall likewise has this angle of inclination, the rotary mirror can simply be placed and fastened flat on the end face.
  • the rotation mirror is fixed radially inward in the region of the free end of the cylinder wall.
  • the angle of inclination of the rotary mirror preferably corresponds to the angle of inclination of the chamfered, free end of the cylinder wall, which is preferably 45 °.
  • Both embodiments facilitate a fitting positioning of the rotation mirror, in comparison to central fasteners.
  • the cylinder wall can advantageously have adjacent to the free end, radially inwardly a shoulder element against which the rotation mirror can be supported in its peripheral area along its circumference.
  • adjacent to the free end is meant that the shoulder element is set back from the free end of the cylinder wall by a distance into the cavity, which corresponds to the single to triple thickness of the rotary mirror, preferably the simple thickness.
  • the shoulder element advantageously has an angle of inclination with respect to the cylinder axis, which corresponds to the desired angle of inclination of the rotary mirror, namely preferably 45 °.
  • the shoulder element can project as a continuous collar or in the form of a perforated collar or a plurality of individual support elements radially inwardly from the cylinder wall.
  • the shoulder element facilitates alignment of the rotation mirror when it is mounted in the rotation unit.
  • the rotation mirror is in the region of the free end of the cylinder wall by an adhesive connection attached. It is also conceivable attachment by means of a mounting ring, by means of mounting clamps, spring elements, as described in more detail below, or the like.
  • an adhesive used for the connection can advantageously have a balancing effect between the cylinder wall and the rotational mirror with respect to different temperature-induced material expansions.
  • the type of bond such as a continuous bond or multiple splices, can be selected as optimized as the number and arrangement of splices and the size and thickness of the individual splices.
  • the optimization can be carried out in particular with regard to the wall thickness of the cylinder wall and the dimensions and properties of the rotation mirror.
  • the rotary mirror is attached to the free end of the cylinder wall by bonding by means of several different adhesives with different properties.
  • forces acting on the mirror in particular during rapid rotation, can be advantageously compensated or at least reduced, if necessary, in different directions and strengths, in particular if the different adhesives correspond to the forces along the circumference be used distributed over the peripheral region of the rotating mirror to be bonded.
  • This may in particular include a mirror-symmetric and / or point-symmetric distribution.
  • the hollow cylinder in the region of its free end in the region of a first half typically on a cylinder wall of shorter length and in the region of a second half of the first half opposite a cylinder wall of greater length. It is now advantageous if the rotation mirror in the region of the first shorter half is fastened to the cylinder wall by means of a first adhesive bond, which is harder than a second adhesive bond, and in the region of the second longer half by means of a second adhesive bond, which is more elastic than the first adhesive bond.
  • the hardness or elasticity of the adhesive bond can be determined by the choice of a corresponding adhesive, e.g. a first harder adhesive and a second more elastic adhesive, and / or determined by the appropriate choice of the adhesive gap thickness.
  • adhesives with hardnesses between 15 Shore A and 80 Shore D are used.
  • the individual pairing of the adhesives used depends in each case on the material properties of the hollow cylinder and the mirror used, in particular also on their coefficients of thermal expansion and on the expected ambient conditions at the site, namely the anticipated temperature range in which the device is to be used, moisture, air pressure, etc.
  • Adhesives based on epoxy resin have proved to be particularly suitable.
  • a centrifugal force acts on the rotating mirror in the region of the shorter half of the supporting cylinder wall, with the tendency to detach the mirror from its supporting cylinder wall and, on the longer half, a force directed towards the cylinder wall with a tendency to press the rotary mirror.
  • a relatively hard adhesive in the region of the shorter half causes a stiff connection of the mirror to the cylinder wall and thus prevents a deformation of the adhesive bond by the acting centrifugal forces. The risk of detachment of the rotation mirror is thus reduced.
  • a relatively elastic adhesive in the region of the longer half compensates for different thermal expansions of the cylinder wall and the rotational mirror, which further reduces the risk of tensions in the rotational mirror when the adhesives with different properties attached to opposite halves interact.
  • the adhesive bond between the rotating mirror and the cylinder wall in the first shorter half of the cylinder wall can be achieved by using an epoxy adhesive with a hardness of 80 Shore D - (which corresponds approximately to 3000N / mm2 E-modulus, then the ambiguous relationship assumed for plastics between Shore hardness and modulus of elasticity similar for adhesives) and in the second longer one Half of the cylinder wall be realized by an epoxy adhesive with a hardness of 50 Shore A.
  • the adhesive bond between the rotary mirror and the cylinder wall is realized by discrete splices.
  • the discrete splices are mirror and / or point symmetry distributed over the longer half and the shorter half.
  • the discrete splices may have any geometric shape, for example, be circular or punctiform or lamellar.
  • the cylinder wall radially inward or frontally in the region of its free end on an adhesive groove or individual recesses, for receiving adhesive for the gluing of the rotary mirror.
  • the execution geometry of the adhesive gap such as its depth and width, optimized adapted in particular to the thickness of the cylinder wall and the dimensions of the rotary mirror.
  • the cylinder wall can be inserted into the cavity of the cylinder
  • Wooden cylinder protruding flange may be provided on the radially spaced from the cylinder center one or more additional splices may be provided.
  • the flange is designed symmetrically with respect to the center of the shorter half and extends from the edge a maximum of half the inner radius of the cylinder into the cavity.
  • the rotary mirror is glued to the front side of the cylinder wall, as well as in variants in which the rotary mirror is glued in the free end of the hollow cylinder radially inward on the cylinder wall or on a projecting into the cavity shoulder of the cylinder wall , Accordingly, the flange is arranged flush with the end face of the cylinder wall or set back from the free end of the cylinder wall into the cavity.
  • the flange is formed integrally with the wood cylinder, in particular when the wood cylinder is formed as a casting.
  • the rotation mirror is made of a mirror-coated glass, wherein it preferably has a thickness of 0.5 mm to 3 mm, in particular of 1 mm to 2 mm.
  • its geometry and hardness are adapted to the system and forces to be expected, and possibly also its chemical resistance to constituents of the intended adhesive.
  • the rotation mirror is provided with a fracture protection, in particular in the form of a security film integrated in the glass of the mirror or applied to its back side Coating or in the form of a mounted on the back of the rotating mirror metal sheet can be designed with a low coefficient of thermal expansion.
  • a coating or security film such as those in question, as they are known from the automotive industry for securing windshields;
  • the metal sheet for example, a steel sheet with a coefficient of thermal expansion of 5ppm / K to 15ppm / K in question.
  • a safety arrangement can be provided which retains the rotation mirror in the region of the hollow cylinder in case of failure of the attachment.
  • This safety device includes, for example, a security element, which surrounds the cylinder wall along its circumference, at its free end, radially outward and the rotation mirror frontally, preferably form-fitting manner.
  • the security element can be continuous or interrupted or in the form of along the circumference, preferably uniformly distributed individual elements. Such a safety precaution is particularly suitable for preventing the rotation mirror from flying off during rapid rotation.
  • the mirror thickness can be low be held without it comes to mirror deformations. This is important, as the mirror must be as plane as possible for accurate measurements ( ⁇ -range) and must not tilt or slip. Due to the low mirror thickness, the weight of the mirror can advantageously be kept low. Since the rotational body has only a small mass due to its design as a hollow cylinder and due to its lightweight material, shaft bends and resulting measurement errors can be minimized. In addition, the energy consumption for operating the rotation unit can thereby be low. In addition, this allows a further increase in the compact design with reduced weight of the inventive surveying device.
  • the rotation unit is provided with at least one balancing element which is arranged in the cavity and there in particular in the region of the cylinder bottom.
  • This balancing element advantageously comprises material which is heavier than that from which the hollow cylinder is made, ie a material with a greater specific weight than the material of the hollow cylinder, such as brass. This allows a static and a dynamic balancing of the rotation unit, which prevents a load of the shaft by imbalance. In addition, in this way caused by the imbalance shaft bends can be minimized and caused by the imbalance vibrations are avoided.
  • Such balancing, using interchangeable balancing elements of different mass and / or geometry typically occurs at the manufacturer of the rotary unit.
  • the length of the rotation unit with the rotation mirror can be made comparatively short.
  • one or more balancing circuits can be provided as a balancing element along the cylinder axis.
  • a balancing circuit comprises a plurality of concentric and evenly arranged around the cylinder axis openings or threaded holes into which, if necessary, different sized grub screws screwed, ground pins or plasticine can be inserted.
  • a balancing circle is provided in the cylinder wall of the hollow cylinder, preferably on its side opposite the free end with the rotation mirror.
  • the holes can be introduced into the end face of the cylinder wall - that is, so to speak between the rotation unit and the angle encoder - and then preferably extend axially or they can be arranged along the inner or outer periphery and then preferably extend radially.
  • the threaded bores are arranged along the outer circumference, they can also be arranged at some other location along the axial extent of the cylinder wall; preferably, of course, at such locations along the axial extent at which the cylinder wall is a full circumference.
  • Another possible location for a balancing circle is the outside of the cylinder bottom, which is the Engine housing facing.
  • Yet another way to arrange a balancing rice is along the circumference of the shaft.
  • balancing circuits allow a particularly subsequent subsequent fine balancing after assembly. This applies to all balancing circuits described, but of course because of their particularly good accessibility, especially for the balancing circuits along the outer circumference of the hollow cylinder.
  • the gap seal may comprise, for example, a sealing adhesive tape and / or a lacquer and / or a component, which is designed in particular edge-enveloping, that includes both an edge of the cylinder wall and a peripheral region of the rotary mirror.
  • this randumradide component can also serve as a security precaution, if it is stable enough, provided with a corresponding seal and securely fastened to the cylinder wall.
  • a second gap between the cylinder bottom and the motor housing for which no gap cover is provided.
  • a passage opening provided in the cylinder bottom or laterally a passage opening.
  • the passage opening is provided with an air-permeable membrane, which is impermeable to dust and moisture. This allows a continuous adjustment of the air pressure in the cavity to the ambient air pressure, which is important in the event of air pressure fluctuations and high rotational speeds, so that the rotary mirror does not buckle.
  • a membrane closure of the gap between the cylinder wall and the rotary mirror can also be provided.
  • the membrane is analogous to the gap seal but, unlike the gap seal, allows air to flow through the gap while retaining dust, moisture and dirt from the membrane and not allowing it into the cavity.
  • the one or more spring elements are designed as a spiral spring (s).
  • the spiral spring (s) is / are firmly connected to the cylinder wall, preferably in the region of the free end of the wooden cylinder, so that they extend from the cylinder wall in the Cavity of the cylinder and against the rotation mirror extends / extend. It is / are fixed by means of adhesive connection, clamping connection or by means of connecting pin in or on the cylinder wall.
  • a plurality of spring elements in the form of spring metal tongues are formed. These are fixed by means of adhesive connection, screw, riveting, welding or by means of clamping connection in or on the cylinder wall and extend from the circumference of the cylinder wall inwards and against the rotary mirror. With their free ends they are firmly connected to the rotating mirror.
  • only one spring element is provided, which is designed as an annular spring plate and has the radially outwardly projecting connecting elements, which are fixed, for example under slight bias in or on the cylinder wall.
  • the ring of the annular spring plate is adapted in its geometry of the ellipsoidal opening of the free tapered end of the hollow cylinder and serves as a mounting surface for the rotary mirror.
  • a flat spring plate element is provided, which is adapted in its geometry of the ellipsoidal opening of the free tapered end of the hollow cylinder, wherein the surface is used for fixing the rotary mirror.
  • individual, radially outwardly projecting connecting elements are advantageous, provided for the preparation of the fixed connection with the cylinder wall, but would be conceivable also a continuous connecting edge.
  • the latter also applies to the ring-shaped spring plate described above.
  • the adhesive connection between the rotational mirror and the spring element (s) is analogous, as described above for the direct connection between the rotational mirror and the cylinder wall, ie for example by means of adhesive of different hardness or elasticity and / or with different bond gap thicknesses and / or with an appropriate distribution of splices on the two halves etc ..
  • the one or more spring elements are mounted in or on the cylinder wall in the region of the free end of the hollow cylinder, wherein the one or more spring elements preferably distributed over the circumference of the cylinder wall, in particular distributed regularly, are fixed in or on the cylinder wall.
  • the fixation in the cylinder wall can by means of clamping connection (for example, clamping slot in the Cylinder wall, accessible from the cavity of the hollow cylinder forth) or in turn be made by adhesive bonding. It applies to the adhesive bond with advantage that what has already been noted for the adhesive bond between the spring element and the rotational mirror.
  • the rotary mirror is pulled by means of the spring or the elements with its peripheral portion against a part of the cylinder wall, which then serves as a support surface for the rotary mirror.
  • This part may be the tapered end wall of the cylinder wall or a slightly projecting from the opening into the cavity projecting shoulder, as also described above.
  • the shoulder can be configured continuously or in individual segments.
  • the subject of the invention is also a surveying device with a rotation unit according to the invention according to one of the aforementioned embodiments with the properties and details described therein.
  • the surveying device is a surveying device for optically measuring an environment by scanning emission of a transmission measuring beam with a radiation source for generating a transmission measuring beam and a detector for detecting a transmission measuring beam reflected at an object in the environment Receiving measurement beam.
  • the transmission measuring beam emitted into the surroundings and the reception measuring beam captured from the surroundings at least partially have a common optical path.
  • the surveying apparatus further has a housing rotatably mounted on a base about a base axis and a rotation unit mounted in the common optical path and rotatably mounted in the housing about an axis of rotation for adjustable, directional emission of the transmission measuring beam into the environment and for capturing the reception measurement beam from the environment.
  • the cylinder bottom of the rotary body designed as a hollow cylinder is connected to a shaft, the surveying device, which is driven by a motor arranged in a motor housing. Between the motor housing and the cylinder bottom, there is a gap in which an angle encoder is provided, one part of the angle encoder being fixedly connected to the motor housing and another part of the angle encoder to the cylinder bottom.
  • Fig. 1 1 shows a schematic representation of a surveying device 1 according to the invention designed as a laser scanner for optically scanning the surroundings of the surveying device 1.
  • the surveying device 1 has a measuring head with a housing 5 which is mounted on a base 3 so as to be rotatable about a base axis 4.
  • the base 3 in turn is on mounted a stand 2, which is designed here as a tripod.
  • the surveying device 1 comprises a cylindrical rotary unit 10 with a rotary mirror 22 which is driven for rotation about its cylinder axis 11 by a motor 15 arranged in a motor housing 14, as in FIG Fig. 1 indicated by dashed lines.
  • a light source 6 for generating a transmitted light beam 13 is arranged in a rotation unit 10 opposite part of the housing 5, which is in particular designed as a laser light source 6 and which can emit a modulated, in particular pulsed laser beam.
  • a photosensitive detector 8 for receiving and detecting received light beams 17, which are reflected from the optically scanned environment, and optical components 7 for the deflection and transformation of the transmitting and receiving light beams 13, 17 are provided.
  • the received signal is then evaluated, for example, by a distance and / or amplitude measuring unit.
  • a control unit 9 is provided for the surveying device 1 in the housing 5, also indicated by dashed lines, which coordinates the rotation of the rotation unit 10 about the cylinder axis 11 and the rotation of the housing 5 about the base axis 4 during a scanning operation.
  • a generated by the light source 6, usually pulsed transmitted light beam 13 is collimated by the optical components 7 and directed to the rotary mirror 22, deflected there and emitted into the environment. From an object In the environment reflected or otherwise scattered received light beam 17 are captured by the rotation mirror 22 again, deflected and focused by the optical components and forwarded to the photosensitive detector 8.
  • the direction of the transmitted light beam 13 into the environment and the angle of incidence for received light beams 17 on the rotary mirror resulting from the angular positions of the rotary unit 10 with respect to the cylinder axis 11 and the base axis 4, which depend on the positions of their respective rotary actuators. These positions are detected by assigned encoders (not shown).
  • the environment is optically scanned along a circular line in a vertical plane.
  • the entire space is scanned successively with the circular lines. From the totality of the measurement points of such a measurement results in a full scan of the space surrounding the device.
  • the scan e.g. a 3D point cloud or with simultaneous detection of the received light intensities e.g. a photograph-like representation of the scanned environment result.
  • Fig. 2 shows an example of a possible embodiment of the inventive surveying device 1 in detail.
  • the surveying device 1 in turn has housing 5 and a base 3, which defines a base axis 4.
  • the housing 5 with the components therein is rotatable relative to the base 3 about the base axis 4.
  • the rotation about the base axis 4 can be done manually by means of a Verstellitchknopfes 54 which acts on an adjusting mechanism (not shown) or by means of a corresponding motor (not shown), which cooperates with the adjusting mechanism.
  • the housing 5 can be aligned roughly by rotating the entire housing 5 coarsely.
  • the rotation unit 10 with the rotation mirror 22 as beam deflection means can be manually rotated around the cylinder axis 11 by means of a second adjustment knob 56.
  • the adjusting knob 56 acts together with a coarse drive, in which case additional motors are provided for a controlled motorized rotation of the rotary unit 10.
  • a high-precision manual alignment of the rotation unit 10 by means of another Feinverstellwindknopfes 56a or control button, which is connected to a Feinverstellmechanismus occur.
  • the rotation unit 10 is rotated with a certain rotational ratio.
  • the transmission ratio can also be designed adaptive, for example, by a rotational movement takes place the slower, the greater the rotational ratio. Due to the alignability of the rotation unit 10 thus provided, a measuring laser beam can be controlled both manually and automatically (by means of the with the respective drive shafts of connected motors) to a target.
  • the surveying device 1 by way of example has a handle 58, which is modularly detachable from the device 1. With handle 58 removed, e.g. As part of a scan, an enlarged scan area are detected, in which case additionally an area can be detected, which was previously shielded by the handle 58.
  • FIGS. 3a, 3b show a first embodiment of the rotation unit 10 of the surveying device 1 according to the invention and the adjacent motor housing 14.
  • FIG. 3a shows a detailed longitudinal sectional view along the cylinder axis 11 and FIG. 3b the same rotation unit 10 in a front view of the rotation body without the rotation mirror.
  • the rotary unit 10 with the rotary mirror 22 has a tubular or cylindrical shaped rotational body in the form of a hollow cylinder 20 with a cylinder axis 11 and a cavity 46 which is bounded radially by a tube or cylinder wall 30 and in the axial direction by a tube or cylinder bottom 32 (in Fig. 3a right), and in the region of a cylinder bottom 32 opposite free end of the cylinder wall 30 (in Fig. 3a left) by the rotation mirror 22.
  • This is firmly connected by means of adhesive connection 24 with the end faces of the cylinder wall 30.
  • the wall thickness of the hollow cylinder is chosen such that it gives the wood cylinder at its free end a defined rigidity.
  • the stiffness or wall thickness is matched to the maximum speed such that at this speed limited by free-end deformations generated by centrifugal forces within a range in which the specified angular or directional accuracies can be maintained.
  • the tube or cylinder wall 30 is bevelled at its free end at an angle ⁇ relative to the cylinder axis 11 in such a way that the end faces of the cylinder wall 30 have an inclination angle ⁇ , so that the rotation mirror 22 can be easily placed face-side plan and stuck ,
  • the rotation mirror is designed in its geometry that it - flush with its outer side - exactly on the front-side cylinder wall - concludes.
  • the inclination angle ⁇ of the cylinder wall 30 and the rotational mirror 22 is typically 45 ° with respect to the cylinder axis 11.
  • the rotary mirror 22 is attached only to the front side of the cylinder wall 20 and supported by it; the rotation unit 10 has no additional mirror support.
  • the rotary mirror 22 is made of glass and has only a small thickness of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, in particular from 1 mm to 3 mm.
  • a rupture protection 23 may be provided for the mirror 22, which in the example shown here comprises a coating or security film 23 applied to the back of the rotary mirror 22.
  • a coating or security film 23 applied to the back of the rotary mirror 22.
  • the gap seal 28 is preferably applied externally and comprises along the circumference the edge of the cylinder wall 30 and the peripheral edge of the mirror 22. It may comprise, for example, a sealing adhesive tape and / or a lacquer and / or an edge-enclosing component.
  • the rotary unit 10 is connected coaxially with respect to its cylinder axis 11 rotatably connected to a shaft 12.
  • the cylinder bottom 32 of the hollow cylinder 20 of the rotary unit 10 is fixed, for example by means of a press fit 34 or an adhesive bond on the shaft.
  • the shaft 12 is driven by a motor (in FIG. 3a , not shown), which is mounted in a motor housing 14.
  • a shaft bearing 18 is provided, in which the shaft 12 is rotatably mounted.
  • a gap 40 for which no gap cover is provided, to allow a frictionless rotation of the rotary unit 10 relative to the motor housing 14.
  • a passage opening 42 is provided, which is provided with an air-permeable membrane 44 to allow an exchange of air between the cavity 46 and the gap 40.
  • the port 42 allows compensation when there is pressure differential between cavity 46 and the environment, such as may occur due to high rotational speeds or transport of the device from low-lying locations to high altitudes, for example in the mountains, or simply due to air pressure fluctuations.
  • the air flow is not hindered by the membrane 44, while preventing or at least reducing the passage of dirt or moisture.
  • the rotation unit 10 is provided with at least one balancing element 36 which is housed in the cavity 46, preferably in the region of the cylinder bottom 32.
  • a balancing element comprises 36, a material having a higher specific gravity than that of the rotary body 20, in particular brass.
  • two balancing elements 36 of different size and geometry are each connected to the cylinder bottom 32 via a connecting element 38, for example designed to fulfill a plug-on functionality.
  • these could of course be attached to the cylinder wall, preferably in the vicinity of the cylinder bottom.
  • a plurality of through openings are provided in the cylinder bottom, via which the mounting of balancing elements 36 in the cavity 46 of the hollow cylinder 20 can be carried out.
  • These passage openings are preferably closable with a membrane and openable again, wherein the membrane is permeable to air, but keeps dirt, dust and moisture out of the cavity 46. Because the openings are openably closed with the membranes, readjustment remains possible.
  • countersunk holes 37 in the cylinder bottom 32 can support the dynamic balancing.
  • These sink holes 37 can also be retrofitted, that is to be introduced after assembly for a subsequent fine balancing. Material is removed through the countersunk holes to compensate for a detected imbalance. The position of the counterbore and the amount of material to be removed are based on the measured imbalance before material removal accurately determined.
  • the interior between the rotary mirror 22, cylinder wall 30 and cylinder bottom 32 of the rotary body 20 is empty, whereby the weight of the rotary unit is very low.
  • the orthogonal to the axis surface moment is large, which causes high stiffness despite the low mass.
  • the rotation mirror 22 is attached to the free end of the cylinder wall 30 by an adhesive connection 24.
  • an adhesive connection 24 there are also other mounting options, for example, with individual distributed over the circumference mounting clamps or a frame-like mounting ring conceivable, the front side along the circumference rotatable mirror 22 and cylinder wall 30 engages.
  • the adhesive bond 24 is configured continuously along the circumference.
  • Fig. 3b shows a frontal view of the rotation body of the rotation unit Fig. 3a without rotation mirror, that is perpendicular to the cylinder axis 11th
  • the adhesive joint 24 is formed continuously along the entire circumference of the cylinder wall 30. Due to this through adhesive connection, it would be depending on the used Adhesive possible to omit the gap seal 28, if the adhesive already ensures a sufficiently secure against moisture and dirt seal.
  • a geometric distribution of the geometric cross section of the cylinder wall 30 in four quadrants Adjacent to the cylinder wall 30, in the upper cross-section half, symmetrically divided on the two upper quadrants, a first, only by way of example in cross-section elliptically shaped first balancing element 36 is arranged. The opposite is, also adjacent to the cylinder wall 30 in the lower cross-section half, symmetrically divided on the two lower quadrants, a second balancing element 36 'is arranged, which has an example in circular cross-section and smaller than the first balancing element 36 is formed.
  • Fig. 4a and 4b show in an analogous representation to the FIGS. 3a, 3b Sectional view and front view of a second embodiment of a rotation unit 10 of the inventive surveying device.
  • the embodiment shown here differs from that in the Fig. 3a, 3b shown in that the rotation mirror 22 is fixed in this embodiment at the free end of the hollow cylinder 20 radially inward on the cylinder wall 30.
  • the for this selected adhesive connection consists of discrete splices 24 'which are arranged uniformly distributed over the circumference and in this example as a lamellar, circumferentially extending adhesive strips 24' are executed, between which there is a certain distance. This is advantageous for a voltage compensation in the mirror 22.
  • the rotation unit 10 deviating from the embodiment according to Fig. 3a, 3b an additional safety device in the form of an overarching component 29 in order to prevent the rotation mirror 22 from flying off during its rotation.
  • an edge region of the outside and the end face of the cylinder wall 30 and a peripheral portion of the rotary mirror 22 embracing element 29 serves here as a gap seal 28th
  • Fig. 3a . 4a . 3b . 4b provided upper half, in which the cylinder wall 30 viewed from the cylinder bottom 32 from a shorter length, and a second, in the Fig. 3a . 4a . 3b . 4b lower half, in which the cylinder wall 30 has a greater length, wherein the length of the cylinder wall 30 increases from a shortest to a longest point along the circumference with a constant slope.
  • centrifugal forces F1, F2 which are directed radially outwards and act in the region of the shorter, in Fig. 4a upper half of the hollow cylinder 20 tends to drive the rotary mirror 22 away from the free end of the rotary body 20 (F1), or to detach the rotary mirror 22 from the free end of the cylinder wall 30.
  • the centrifugal force F2 acts with an opposite tendency, namely the rotation mirror 22 against the free end of the cylinder wall 30 to press.
  • a securing element 29 may additionally or alternatively be provided.
  • the securing element 29 retains the mirror 22 in the region of the rotation unit 10 when it is detached from the cylinder wall 30.
  • a fracture protection may be provided, for example in the form of a on the Rear side of the rotating mirror 22 applied coating 23 or security film or in the form of the use of safety glass.
  • a balancing circuit 72 is provided.
  • Such a balancing circle 72 is in the cylinder bottom 32 of the in FIGS. 4a to 4c illustrated example, and includes individual threaded holes 74 which are distributed concentrically and evenly around the cylinder axis 11.
  • individual threaded holes 74 which are distributed concentrically and evenly around the cylinder axis 11.
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b show in an analogous representation to the FIGS. 3a, 3b Sectional view and frontal view of another with respect to the embodiment of the FIGS. 4a, 4b slightly modified embodiment of a rotation unit 10 of the inventive surveying device.
  • a fracture prevention element 23 a stainless steel sheet with a thermal expansion of about 10 ppm / K is provided in this example, which is mounted on the back of the mirror 22.
  • the mirror is with the Glued steel sheet and forms with him as a solid unit.
  • the rotary mirror 22 is inserted into the free end of the hollow cylinder 20 instead of being placed on the end faces of the cylinder wall 30 (embodiment of FIG Fig. 3a, 3b ).
  • this embodiment also has additional shoulder elements 48 which protrude radially inward from the cylinder wall 30 in the region of the free end, at the same inclination angle ⁇ , which has the bevel of the cylinder wall 30.
  • the shoulder elements 48 are offset axially inwardly into the cavity 46 and preferably by a distance which corresponds approximately to the thickness of the rotary mirror 22 with its anti-fracture device 23, so that it is flush with the cylinder wall after assembly. If the mirror 22 is in turn secured radially inward to the cylinder wall 30, the rotary mirror 22 can be supported in its peripheral areas along its circumference against the shoulder members 48 during assembly. As a result, the orientation of the rotary mirror 22 is facilitated during its assembly.
  • the rotation mirror is in turn connected by an adhesive bond 24 to the cylinder wall 30, but discrete, lamellar splices 24 'of the adhesive bond are arranged on the shoulder elements 48 of the cylinder wall 30 this time, so that the shoulder elements 48 are not only facilitated Assembly, but assume a supporting and above all force-absorbing function, in particular with respect to the force acting in the region of the longer cylinder wall 30 during rotation axially on the cylinder wall 30 force F2. Again, a gap seal 28 intended.
  • the shoulder element 48 is formed as a continuous element extending radially inward on the cylinder wall 30 along the circumference of the cylinder wall 30. It is also conceivable, however, to form it in the form of a multiplicity of discrete shoulder elements 48, which are preferably distributed at equal distances from one another along the circumference of the cylinder wall 30.
  • cylinder wall 30 including shoulder element 48 and cylinder bottom 32 are integrally formed, e.g. made of cast aluminum.
  • Fig. 6a shows in an analogous representation Fig. 3b , Another embodiment of the rotation unit 10 of the inventive surveying device. This differs from the embodiment according to Fig. 3a, 3b in that a continuous adhesive bond 24 is not formed on the front side of the cylinder wall 30, but a plurality of discrete splices 24 "are arranged uniformly spaced from each other along the circumference of the cylinder wall 30. According to this example, the discrete splices 24" are punctiform or circular and uniformly spaced apart along the circumference.
  • the cylinder wall 30 at its free end in its shorter (here upper) half, in its shortest portion a flange 31 which extends laterally symmetrically from the center in both directions and a little radially inwardly from the cylinder wall 30 in the Cavity 46 into it.
  • This flange serves to accommodate one or more - in this example, three - further splices 25 to the mirror 22 even better before a lifting or deformation due to protect the centrifugal force F1 acting away from the cylinder wall 30.
  • Fig. 6b shows in the same representation, a further embodiment of the rotation unit 10 of the inventive surveying device.
  • the discrete splices 24 "' are in the form of square adhesive pads 24"'.
  • they are not evenly spaced along the circumference of the cylinder wall 30, but are arranged in uniformly distributed groups of splices 24 "'with the four quadrants, with the distances between the groups and between the splices 24"' within the individual groups even.
  • the adhesive pads 24 "' with respect to the cross-sectional center, a point symmetrically arranged opposite each other.
  • the gap seal 28 is preferably applied externally and comprises along the circumference the edge of the cylinder wall 30 and the peripheral edge of the mirror 22. It may comprise, for example, a sealing adhesive tape and / or a lacquer and / or an edge-enclosing component.
  • the rotation mirror is made of a mirrored metal plate, its geometry and hardness can also be optimized with respect to the interaction with the splices. Again, the finite element method can be used advantageously.
  • Fig. 7 essentially corresponds to the embodiment of Fig. 5a , except that in the gap 40 between the motor housing and the rotary unit 10, an angle encoder 50 is arranged. Sensors 51 of the angle encoder 50 are on that side of the motor housing facing the rotation unit 10 14, while an encoder disk 52 with coding on the motor housing 14 facing side of the cylinder bottom 32 is arranged so that it rotates with the rotation unit 10 with.
  • the angle encoder 50 shown here is an optical angle encoder. However, it is also conceivable to use a capacitive or magnetic angle encoder.
  • an advantage of this configuration is that in an axle deformation or bending of the shaft, for example, due to an imbalance, the angle encoder can determine a radial and / or axial offset, which can be taken into account in the evaluation of the obtained measurement results and thus leads to more accurate results, or if too large an offset can lead to a warning message.
  • cylinder bottom 32 and motor housing 14 are used simply and efficiently as a mounting platform for the components, sensors 51 and encoder disk 52, the angle encoder 50, so that assembly time and space requirements are reduced.
  • the sensors 51 and the encoder disk 52 of the angle encoder 50 can also be fitted in recesses provided in the cylinder bottom 32 and the side of the motor housing facing the cylinder bottom 32, which further reduces the required installation space.
  • a passage opening 42 in the cylinder bottom 32 or in the cylinder wall 30 may be provided which connects the cavity 46 of the hollow cylinder 20 instead of the gap 40 with another air-accessible outer side of the hollow cylinder 20, as shown in the FIGS. 7 and 8 is shown.
  • this passage opening 42 is advantageously provided with an air-permeable membrane 44, which is impermeable to moisture, dust and dirt.
  • the rotational mirror 22 is connected to the cylinder wall 30 by means of spring elements 53.
  • the spring elements 53 are formed in this example as spiral springs 54, 54 ', which are connected by an adhesive connection 24 with the rotary mirror 22.
  • Spiral spring 54 ' shown below is anchored by way of example by means of clamping connection 58 in the cylinder wall 30, which is in the FIG. 8 Spiral spring 54 shown above, for example, by means of an anchored in the cylinder wall 30 retaining pin 60 fixedly connected to the cylinder wall 30.
  • FIGS. 9a, 9b is an inventive Rotation unit 10 shown, as they are also substantially already from the FIGS. 3a and 3b is known.
  • the adhesive connection 24 is replaced by a plurality of spring elements 53.
  • the spring elements 53 are formed in this example as Federblechzept 63 which extend from the cylinder wall 30 into the cavity 46 of the cylinder 20 and against the rotary mirror 22 back.
  • the spring metal tongues 63 are anchored in the cylinder wall 30 by means of clamping mechanism 61.
  • the clamping mechanism 61 includes in particular from the cavity 46 of the cylinder 20 ago accessible mounting slots 62, in which the spring tongues 63 are clamped.
  • the spring metal tongues 63 are bent in such a way that they are prestressed in the mounted state and pull the glued mirror 22 glued at their free ends with a tensile force F3 against the chamfered end face of the cylinder wall 30 as a bearing surface 66.
  • the adhesive connection between the Federblechzache 63 and the rotary mirror 22 and a clamp connection is conceivable.
  • the rotary mirror can be provided, for example, with corresponding clamping or snap elements into which the spring metal tongues can be clamped / snapped (not shown). All other elements of this embodiment are known from one of the previous figures, with the same reference numerals as there named and described there.
  • FIGS. 9a and 10b is a variant of the embodiment of the FIGS. 9a, 9b shown.
  • This one spring element 53 is in the form of an annular spring plate 68 configured with ring 69 and radially outwardly projecting from the ring 69 connecting elements 64.
  • the ring 69 is adapted in its geometry to the ellipsoidal opening of the chamfered end of the hollow cylindrical body 20 and rotationally fixed to the rotation mirror 22.
  • This fixed connection can be made by means of clamping connection or preferably by means of adhesive bonding.
  • the rotary mirror can be provided, for example with corresponding clamping or snap elements in which the ring is clamped / snapped (not shown) or vice versa, the rotary mirror is clamped / snapped into corresponding clamping or snap elements of the spring element 53 (not shown).
  • the spring element 53 is again biased in the assembled state so that it pulls the rotary mirror 22 against the end face of the cylinder wall 30, which then serves as a support surface 66.
  • FIGS. 9a, 9b Yet another variant of the rotation unit 10 according to the invention is shown, which is essentially based on the embodiment as shown in FIGS. 9a, 9b is shown based. Unlike there, in the example shown here, however, there is again only one single spring element 53 manufactured in one piece, which is designed as a flat spring plate element 70.
  • the sheet-like spring plate element 70 has a surface 72 which is adapted in its geometry to the ellipsoidal opening of the chamfered end of the hollow cylindrical rotational body 20. It serves the firm Connection with the rotary mirror 22 by means of adhesive connection or clamping connection, wherein for the clamping connection on the surface 72 and the rotary mirror 22 corresponding interlocking clamping elements are provided (not shown).
  • the surface 72 may be provided with one or more recesses 74 to avoid imbalance and save weight.
  • the connecting elements 64 are anchored in this example but again in mounting slots 62 of the cylinder wall in a kind of clamping mechanism 61.
  • This spring element 53 is biased in the assembled state so that it pulls the rotary mirror 22 with its peripheral region against the end face of the cylinder wall 30, which then serves as a support surface 66.
  • the spring elements 53 are preferably distributed over their circumference or circumference of the cylinder wall 30 and in particular regularly over the respective circumference distributed, fixed in or on the cylinder wall 30.
  • spring elements 53 and rotational body 22 which are made in the form of lightweight structures or in solid construction, may be provided with such spring elements 53, as described above by way of example.
  • the spring elements 53 are then fastened either by adhesive or clamping connections with the bevelled end face of the rotary body 22 or with parts thereof (lightweight structure) or on the outside of the cylinder wall 30 in the end region.
  • the support surface 66 for supporting the rotary mirror 22, as used for example in the embodiments of FIGS. 7 to 11a is optionally provided with one or more damping elements (not shown), which are for example made of felt or foam rubber or similar material, and protect the rotary mirror 22 at a shock or impact loads of the surveying device.
  • the rotary mirror 22 can also be glued to the support surface 66, so that the rotary mirror 22 can be glued both by means of an adhesive bond, as exemplified above for the FIGS. 3a to 6b has been described, and by means of one or more spring elements 53, as for the FIGS. 7 to 11b have been described, is firmly connected to the cylinder wall.
  • the surveying device according to the invention is characterized in particular by its compact design and an ideal ratio between rigidity and weight of its rotation unit.
  • the details described and illustrated in the figures can be found in more, here for reasons of space not individually explained variants combine with each other, it is clear to those skilled in which combinations are useful.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mechanical Optical Scanning Systems (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Scanner laser (1) destiné à l'échantillonnage optique d'un environnement par émission en balayage d'un faisceau émis de mesure (13), doté
    • d'une source de rayonnement (6) destinée à obtenir un faisceau émis de mesure (13),
    • d'un détecteur (8) destiné à saisir le faisceau émis de mesure (13) réfléchi par un objet dans l'environnement en tant que faisceau reçu de mesure (17),
    • dans lequel le faisceau émis de mesure (13) envoyé dans l'environnement et le faisceau reçu de mesure (17) capturé depuis l'environnement ont au moins en partie un chemin optique commun,
    • d'un boîtier (5) disposé sur une base (3) en pivotement autour d'un axe de base (4),
    • d'une unité rotative (10) située sur le chemin optique commun et disposée dans le boîtier (5) en pivotement autour d'un axe de rotation (10), destinée à l'envoi dirigé et réglable du faisceau émis de mesure (13) dans l'environnement et à la capture du faisceau reçu de mesure (17) depuis l'environnement, dans lequel l'unité rotative (10)
    - comporte un corps rotatif (20) réalisé de forme cylindrique et doté d'une extrémité libre biseautée, laquelle est disposée dans le scanner laser en pivotement autour de son axe de cylindre (11), et
    - à extrémité libre biseautée duquel est prévu un miroir rotatif (22), agencé de manière inclinée par rapport à l'axe de cylindre (11), destiné à dévier le faisceau émis de mesure (13) et le faisceau reçu de mesure (17),
    - le corps rotatif est réalisé comme un cylindre creux biseauté (20) avec une cavité (46), dans lequel la cavité (46) est délimitée par un fond de cylindre (32) et par une paroi de cylindre (30) dans le prolongement de ce dernier, laquelle est biseautée à son extrémité libre opposée au fond du cylindre (32), ainsi que par le miroir rotatif (22) fixé à la paroi de cylindre (30) dans la zone de l'extrémité libre,
    - dans lequel le cylindre creux biseauté (20) est par le biais de son fond de cylindre (32) relié sans rotation possible à un arbre (12) entraîné par un moteur du scanner laser (1), de manière coaxiale par rapport à son axe de cylindre (11) ;
    caractérisé en ce que
    le miroir rotatif (22) est fixé à la paroi de cylindre (30) par un joint adhésif (24, 24', 24") dans la zone de l'extrémité libre, dans lequel le cylindre creux biseauté (20) présente, en raison de son biseautage, dans la zone de son extrémité libre une longueur plus courte dans la zone d'une première moitié d'une paroi de cylindre (30) et une longueur plus longue dans la zone d'une deuxième moitié d'une paroi de cylindre (30) opposée à la première extrémité, et le miroir rotatif (22) est fixé à la paroi de cylindre (30) dans la zone de la première moitié, plus courte, de la paroi de cylindre (30), au moyen d'un premier joint adhésif, lequel est plus dur qu'un deuxième joint adhésif et dans la zone de la deuxième moitié, plus longue, au moyen d'un deuxième joint adhésif, lequel est plus élastique que le premier joint adhésif.
  2. Scanner laser (1) selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que le miroir rotatif (22) est fixé frontalement sur la paroi de cylindre (30).
  3. Scanner laser (1) selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que le miroir rotatif (22) est fixé radialement à l'intérieur sur la paroi de cylindre (30), en particulier dans lequel la paroi de cylindre (30) présente radialement à l'intérieur, au voisinage de l'extrémité libre, au moins un élément d'épaulement (48), contre lequel le miroir rotatif (22) peut s'appuyer dans une zone périphérique le long de son pourtour.
  4. Scanner laser (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que le joint adhésif (24, 24', 24", 24''') est paramétré dans sa dureté ou son élasticité par la géométrie du joint adhésif, en particulier par la taille et la configuration géométrique de la surface adhésive (24', 24", 24''') et/ou par l'épaisseur du joint de collage, et/ou le choix de différentes colles avec différentes propriétés.
  5. Scanner laser (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisé en ce que le miroir rotatif (22) est fixé à l'aide d'un ou plusieurs éléments de ressort (53, 63, 54', 54, 68, 70) sur le corps rotatif (20) ou à la paroi de cylindre (30) du corps rotatif (20), dans lequel en particulier le ou les éléments de ressort (53, 63, 54', 54, 68, 70) sont fixés dans ou sur la paroi de cylindre (30), dans la zone de l'extrémité libre du cylindre creux biseauté, répartis sur le pourtour de la paroi de cylindre (30), en particulier répartis de manière régulière.
  6. Scanner laser (1) selon la revendication 5,
    caractérisé en ce que le miroir rotatif (22) est, au moyen du ou des éléments de ressort (53, 63, 54', 54, 68, 70), tiré avec sa zone périphérique contre une partie de la paroi de cylindre (30, 48), laquelle sert alors de surface portante (66) pour le miroir rotatif (22).
  7. Scanner laser (1) selon l'une des revendications 5 ou 6,
    caractérisé en ce que le ou les éléments de ressort (53, 63, 54', 54, 68, 70) sont reliés au moins ponctuellement au miroir rotatif (22) par un joint adhésif et le joint adhésif est en particulier réalisé conformément à la revendication 4.
  8. Scanner laser (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que le fond du cylindre (32) et la paroi du cylindre (30) sont réalisés d'une pièce, et ainsi en particulier réalisés en matériau léger, de préférence en plastique, en aluminium ou en alliage d'aluminium.
  9. Scanner laser (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que le miroir rotatif (22) est fait de verre avec un revêtement réfléchissant et présente une épaisseur de 0,5 mm à 3 mm, de préférence de 1 mm à 2 mm, et est en particulier prévu avec une sécurité anti-rupture, laquelle comprend de préférence un revêtement ou un film de sécurité (23) déposé sur la face arrière du miroir rotatif (22) ou une tôle métallique avec un coefficient de dilatation thermique similaire à celui du miroir rotatif.
  10. Scanner laser (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'un dispositif de sécurité est prévu, lequel retient le miroir rotatif (22) lors d'une défaillance de la fixation dans la zone du cylindre creux biseauté (20), dans lequel le dispositif de sécurité comprend de préférence un élément de sécurité entourant radialement à l'extérieur la paroi du cylindre (30) le long du pourtour du cylindre (30), entourant frontalement le miroir rotatif (22) et/ou la sécurité anti-rupture de celui-ci.
  11. Scanner laser (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'une fente (26) est présente entre le miroir rotatif (22) et l'extrémité libre de la paroi du cylindre (30) et cette fente (26) est prévue avec un dispositif d'étanchéité (28), dans lequel le dispositif d'étanchéité (28) comprend en particulier une bande adhésive étanche et/ou un vernis étanche et/ou une pièce étanche.
  12. Scanner laser (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que l'unité rotative (10) est prévue avec au moins un élément d'équilibrage (36), lequel est en particulier agencé dans la cavité (46) du cylindre creux biseauté (20) et de préférence dans la zone du fond du cylindre (32), dans lequel l'élément d'équilibrage (36) comprend en particulier un matériau possédant une masse spécifique plus élevée que celui dont est fait le cylindre creux biseauté, de préférence du laiton.
  13. Scanner laser (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que sont prévus pour l'équilibrage un ou plusieurs cercles d'équilibrage (72) dotés d'ouvertures ou d'alésages filetés (74) pour recevoir des éléments de masse sous forme de broches, de vis sans tête et/ou de pâtes.
  14. Scanner laser (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que la paroi de cylindre (30) dépasse sur son côté opposé à l'extrémité biseautée libre le fond du cylindre (32) et en ce que dans l'espace (40) ainsi délimité par le fond du cylindre (32) et la paroi de cylindre (30) en saillie une partie (51, 52) d'un codeur angulaire (50) dans l'espace est prévue et raccordée de manière fixe au fond du cylindre (32).
EP13187890.2A 2013-10-09 2013-10-09 Appareil de mesure doté d'un miroir rotatif pour le balayage optique d'un environnement Active EP2860546B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13187890.2A EP2860546B1 (fr) 2013-10-09 2013-10-09 Appareil de mesure doté d'un miroir rotatif pour le balayage optique d'un environnement
CN201410524978.8A CN104567814B (zh) 2013-10-09 2014-10-08 用于光学地扫描环境的具有旋转镜的勘测设备
US14/511,023 US9341474B2 (en) 2013-10-09 2014-10-09 Surveying device having a rotation mirror for optically scanning an environment

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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CN104567814A (zh) 2015-04-29
US9341474B2 (en) 2016-05-17
US20150096181A1 (en) 2015-04-09
EP2860546A1 (fr) 2015-04-15

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