EP2851144B1 - Procédé technologique pour le frittage d'un alliage à magnétisme permanent à base de terres rares et appareil à cet effet - Google Patents

Procédé technologique pour le frittage d'un alliage à magnétisme permanent à base de terres rares et appareil à cet effet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2851144B1
EP2851144B1 EP13853302.1A EP13853302A EP2851144B1 EP 2851144 B1 EP2851144 B1 EP 2851144B1 EP 13853302 A EP13853302 A EP 13853302A EP 2851144 B1 EP2851144 B1 EP 2851144B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sintering
chamber
isolating
conveying vehicle
furnace
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EP13853302.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2851144A1 (fr
EP2851144A4 (fr
Inventor
Baoyu Sun
Xiaodong Chen
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Shenyang General Magnetic Co Ltd
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Shenyang General Magnetic Co Ltd
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Publication of EP2851144A4 publication Critical patent/EP2851144A4/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
    • H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C2202/00—Physical properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/06—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
    • H01F1/08—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
    • H01F1/086—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together sintered

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a field of processing rare earth permanent magnetic alloy, and more particularly to a method for sintering neodymium-iron-boron rare earth permanent magnetic alloy and a sintering equipment therefor.
  • the neodymium-iron-boron rare earth permanent magnet is widely applied in electronic equipments, motors, hybrid vehicles, etc., and the application of the neodymium-iron-boron rare earth permanent magnet also becomes wider and wider.
  • a conventional equipment for sintering neodymium-iron-boron rare earth permanent magnetic alloy comprises: a furnace body; a heating chamber provided in the furnace body; and a nozzle provided on a wall of the heating chamber; wherein a valve is provided at a side of the furnace body, the furnace body is connected with a seated glove box with a vacuum line via a valve, in such a manner that the problems of product oxidization, poor cooling uniformity, and poor consistency are effectively solved.
  • the conventional equipment has problems of great investment, large area occupation, low automaticity, which is not able to realize non-oxidation during the whole process of sintering the neodymium-iron-boron rare earth permanent magnetic alloy.
  • the present invention provides a sintering equipment according to claim 1, and a method for sintering a rare earth permanent magnetic alloy according to claim 11.
  • Technical solutions of the present invention are as follows.
  • a sintering equipment for flexibly sintering rare earth permanent magnetic alloy in the present invention comprises: a glove box, two conveying vehicles with sealed compartments, a press machine, a sintering furnace and a discharging vehicle; wherein two logistics channels are respectively provided at two ends of the glove box; the press machine and the sintering furnace are aligned at one side of the two logistics channels; the two conveying vehicles are able to move respectively in the two logistics channels; each of the two conveying vehicles, the sintering furnace and the press machine comprises an isolating valve provided at a corresponding end thereof; the glove box comprises two isolating valve respectively provided at the two ends thereof; and the two conveying vehicles are respectively coupled with the glove box, the press machine and the sintering furnace via the isolating valves.
  • the glove box is a sealed box comprising two sealed chambers which are vacuum or filled with protective atmosphere.
  • the two sealed chambers in the glove box are a first chamber and a second chamber.
  • a second isolating valve is provided between the two sealed chambers.
  • a first isolating valve and a third isolating valve are provided at two ends of the two sealed chamber.
  • Each of the chambers comprises an evacuating pipeline, an inert gas inlet, an exhaust valve pipeline, a pressure gage and a vacuum gauge.
  • a balance valve pipeline is provided between the two chambers for equalizing pressures of the two sealed chambers.
  • a second rolling wheel transmission and a third rolling wheel transmission for a charging tray to place on are respectively provided in the two chambers, wherein the second chamber comprises a glove flange component.
  • the conveying vehicle comprises an fifth isolating valve provided at a first end thereof, and a compartment door provided at a second end thereof.
  • the conveying vehicles are respectively coupled with the glove box, the sintering furnace or the press machine, two connecting flanges of the two isolating valves are connected tightly to form a seal joint.
  • first rolling wheel transmission for transferring material to the glove box and a fork mechanism for transferring the material to the sintering furnace are provided in the conveying vehicle.
  • Universal wheels are provided at a bottom of the conveying vehicle.
  • a first evacuating pipeline, an inert gas inlet and a first exhaust valve pipeline are provided on the conveying vehicle and connected with the conveying vehicle.
  • the fork mechanism comprises a fork, a guiding track framework of rolling wheels, a screw driving component, a first speed reducer of motor and a first cylinder; wherein an output shaft of the first speed reducer of motor is connected with a first end of a screw of the screw driving component; a second end of the screw driving component is connected with the guiding track framework of rolling wheels which is supported by the first cylinder.
  • the first rolling wheel transmission is installed on a compartment bottom via a supporter.
  • first cylinder is fixed under the compartment.
  • a cylinder rod of the first cylinder extends into the compartment and is connected with a connecting rod of a rolling wheel axle in the guiding track framework of rolling wheels, and a rolling wheel moves in a track of a first rolling wheel track component.
  • the sintering furnace comprises: a fourth isolating valve provided at a first end thereof, which is also at one side of the logistics channel; and a furnace door provided at a second end thereof, which is locked with a high-pressure furnace ring for locking.
  • a furnace chamber of the sintering furnace comprises a heating chamber provided therein, and a thermal insulating layer is provided in the heating chamber.
  • a plurality of groups of heaters and thermocouples are provided in the thermal insulating layer. The heaters are connected with a heating power cabinet via a electrode provided on the heating chamber and a copper bar provided outside the heating chamber.
  • a plurality of nozzles which are interconnected go through the thermal insulating layer in a radial direction of the furnace chamber.
  • An outer wall of a furnace shell has a structure of double-layer water-cooling jacket, and water-cooling inlet and outlet pipelines are provided on the outer wall of the furnace shell.
  • An inert gas inlet, a safety valve pipeline, an exhaust valve pipeline and a air cooling system are connected with the furnace chamber.
  • the charging tray is placed on a charging shelf of the heating chamber in the sintering furnace by the fork in the first conveying vehicle.
  • a balance valve pipeline is provided between the furnace chamber of the sintering furnace and the fourth isolating valve for equalizing pressures.
  • the air cooling system having an outer circulation system or an inner circulation system comprises a fan, a heat exchanger, and a plurality of nozzles provided along the furnace chamber.
  • An air duct which is connected with the nozzles has a first end connected with the fan, and a second end connected with the heat exchanger.
  • a plurality of sintering furnaces are provided, the sintering furnaces are provided side by side in front of the logistics channel.
  • the present invention adopts a parallel-type flexible production method.
  • Sintering period of the neodymium-iron-boron rare earth permanent magnetic alloy is long, i.e. 24 hours. However, it only takes more than 1 hour to take the blanks of the neodymium-iron-boron rare earth permanent magnetic alloy out of the press machine, load the blanks into the graphite charging boxes manually in the glove box, and then pile the graphite charging boxes upon the charging tray. Therefore, a sealed glove box of a one-chamber sintering furnace in a conventional method is removed. Instead, a glove box is provided to operate with a plurality of one-chamber sintering furnaces with isolating valves. The conveying vehicles are coupled with the sintering furnace in the protective atmosphere.
  • the present invention adopts a flexible production method, wherein the conveying vehicle is coupled with the press machine in the protective atmosphere, in such a manner that non-oxidation connection from compaction to sintering is realized, and magnet performance and automaticity of production are significantly improved.
  • a sintering equipment for flexibly sintering rare earth permanent magnetic alloy in the present invention comprises: a glove box 1, a first conveying vehicle with a sealed compartment 2, a second conveying vehicle with a sealed compartment 6, a press machine 5, a sintering furnace 3 and a discharging vehicle 4; wherein two logistics channels are respectively provided at two ends of the glove box 1; the press machine 5 and the sintering furnace 3 are aligned at one side of the two logistics channels; the first conveying vehicle 2 and the second conveying vehicle 6 are able to move respectively in the two logistics channels; each of the first conveying vehicle 2, the second conveying vehicle 6, the sintering furnace 3 and the press machine 5 comprises an isolating valve provided at a corresponding end thereof; the glove box 1 comprises two isolating valve respectively provided at the two ends thereof; and the first conveying vehicle 2 and the second conveying vehicle 6 are respectively coupled with the glove box 1, the press machine 5 and the sintering furnace 3 via the isolating valve
  • the glove box 1 is a sealed box comprising two sealed chambers which are vacuum or filled with protective atmosphere.
  • the two sealed chambers in the glove box I are a first chamber 32 and a second chamber 38.
  • a second isolating valve 36 is provided between the two sealed chambers.
  • a first isolating valve 31 is provided at a first end of the first chamber 32, and a third isolating valve 43 is provided at a second end of the second chamber 38.
  • Each of the chambers comprises an evacuating pipeline, an inert gas inlet, an exhaust valve pipeline, a pressure gage and a vacuum gauge.
  • a balance valve pipeline is provided between the two chambers for equalizing pressures of the two chambers.
  • a second rolling wheel transmission 46 and a third rolling wheel transmission 45 for a charging tray 44 to place on are respectively provided in the two chambers, wherein the second chamber 38 comprises a glove flange component 37 and a second electrical control cabinet 39.
  • the first conveying vehicle 2 and the second conveying vehicle 6 have identical structure.
  • Each of the first conveying vehicle 2 and the second conveying vehicle 6 comprises a fifth isolating valve 14 provided at a first end thereof and a compartment door 7 provided at a second end thereof.
  • the first conveying vehicle 2 and the second conveying vehicle 6 are respectively coupled with the glove box 1, the sintering furnace 3 or the press machine 5, two connecting flanges of the two isolating valves are connected tightly to form a seal joint.
  • Air between the fifth isolating valve 14 and the first isolating valve 31 or between the fifth isolating valve 14 and the third isolating valve 43 is evacuated by a fourth evacuating pipeline 30 provided in the fifth isolating valve 14 of the conveying vehicle or replaced with inert gas by an inert gas inlet provided in the fifth isolating valve 14 of the conveying vehicle.
  • a first rolling wheel transmission 16 for conveying material to the glove box 1 and a fork mechanism for conveying the material to the sintering furnace 3 or the press machine 5 are provided in the conveying vehicle.
  • Universal wheels 19 are provided at a bottom of the conveying vehicle.
  • a first evacuating pipeline 12 An inert gas inlet and a first exhaust valve pipeline 8 are provided on the conveying vehicle and connected with the conveying vehicle.
  • the fork mechanism comprises a fork 17, a guiding track framework of rolling wheels 20, a screw driving component 29, a first speed reducer of motor 18 and a first cylinder 27; wherein the first speed reducer of motor 18 is fixed on the guiding track framework of rolling wheels 20; an output shaft of the first speed reducer of motor 18 is connected with a first end of thescrew21; a second end of thescrew21 is connected with the guiding track framework of rolling wheels 20; the first cylinder 27 supports a rolling wheel axle of the guiding track framework of rolling wheels 20; the screw driving component 29 is fixed on the fork 17; the screw rotates to drive a nut in the screw driving component 29, and the nut further drives a rolling wheel of the fork 17 to roll along the guiding track framework of rolling wheels 20, in such a manner that the fork moves; and the first rolling wheel transmission 16 is installed on a compartment bottom 22 via a supporter 81.
  • the first cylinder 27 is fixed under the compartment.
  • a cylinder rod of the first cylinder 27 extends into the compartment and is connected with a connecting rod of the rolling wheel axle in the guiding track framework of rolling wheels 20 of the fork, and a rolling wheel moves in a track of a first rolling wheel track component 28.
  • the first rolling wheel transmission 16, the second rolling wheel transmission 46 and the third rolling wheel transmission 45 have identical structures.
  • the first rolling wheel transmission 16 is fixed in the conveying vehicle via the supporter 81, and the second rolling wheel transmission 46 and the third rolling wheel transmission 45 are fixed in the glove box 1 via the supporter 81.
  • Each of the rolling wheel transmissions comprises a motor, a plurality of rolling wheel supporters, chain wheels and a chain; wherein the motor drives the chain wheels to rotate, in such a manner that the charging tray 44 on the rolling wheel transmission is driven to move.
  • the first cylinder 27 drives the rolling wheels of the first rolling wheel track component 28 to move up and down along the track of the first rolling wheel track component 28.
  • the first speed reducer of motor 18 drives the screw driving component 29, and the screw driving component 29 further drives the rolling wheel of the fork 17 moves horizontally along a track of the guiding track framework of rolling wheels 20, in such a manner that the fork 17 is able to move horizontally and vertically.
  • At least one sintering furnace 3 is provided. If a plurality of sintering furnaces 3 are provided, the sintering furnaces 3 are provided side by side in front of the logistics channel.
  • the sintering furnace 3 comprises a fourth isolating valve 56 provided at a first end thereof, which is also at one side of the logistics channel; and a furnace door 53 provided at a second end thereof, which is locked with a high-pressure furnace ring for locking 52.
  • a furnace chamber of the sintering furnace 3 comprises a heating chamber provided therein, and a thermal insulating layer 59 is provided in the heating chamber.
  • a plurality of groups of heaters 58 and thermocouples 55 are provided in the thermal insulating layer 59.
  • the heaters 58 are connected with a heating power cabinet 48 via an electrode 54 provided on the heating chamber and a copper bar49 provided outside the heating chamber.
  • a plurality of nozzles 60 which are interconnected go through the thermal insulating layer 59 in a radial direction of the furnace chamber.
  • An outer wall of a furnace shell has a structure of double-layer water-cooling jacket, and water-cooling inlet and outlet pipelines 57 are provided on the outer wall of the furnace shell.
  • An inert gas inlet, a safety valve pipeline 67, an exhaust valve pipeline 68 and a air cooling system are connected with the furnace chamber.
  • the charging tray44 is placed on a charging shelf of the heating chamber in the sintering furnace by the fork 17 in the first conveying vehicle 2.
  • a balance valve pipeline 69 is provided between the furnace chamber of the sintering furnace 3 and the fourth isolating valve 56 for equalizing pressures.
  • the air cooling system having an outer circulation system or an inner circulation system comprises a fan 50, a heat exchanger 51, and a plurality of nozzles 60 provided along the furnace chamber.
  • An air duct which is connected with the nozzles 60 has a first end connected with the fan 50, and a second end connected with the heat exchanger 51.
  • a vacuum system comprises a diffusion pump 64, roots pump 63, rotary piston pump or rotary vane pump 62, and vacuum pipeline, wherein each of the diffusion pump 64, the roots pump 63, and the rotary piston pump or the rotary vane pump 62 comprises a high vacuum flapper valve 61 provided thereon.
  • the isolating valve comprises a valve body, a second cylinder70, a water-cooling valve board 75 provided therein, a hinge plate 76, connecting rods 78, a second rolling wheel track component 77 and a block 79.
  • the water-cooling valve board 75 is connected with the hinge plate 76 via the connecting rod s 78.
  • a guiding track 24 of the second rolling wheel track component 77 is provided in the valve body.
  • Each of the water-cooling valve board 75 and the hinge plate 76 comprises a rolling wheel 23 which is able to roll in the guiding track 24.
  • the second cylinder 70 is provided outside the valve body.
  • a cylinder rod of the second cylinder 70 extends into the valve body and is connected with the hinge plate76.
  • the block 79 is provided on a valve bottom 25 in the valve body.
  • the water-cooling valve board 75 comprises a rubber ring 74 provided at one end near a flange at valve port 26.
  • the second cylinder 70 drives the hinge plate 76 to move on the guiding track 24, and then the water-cooling valve board 75 hits the block 79, wherein the connecting rod s 78 pushes water-cooling valve board 75 to move close to the flange at valve port 26 for compressing the rubber ring 74, in such a manner that the isolating valve is sealed.
  • a axle of water inlet and outlet 72 of the water-cooling valve board 75 and the cylinder rod of the second cylinder 70 are linked via a connecting element 73.
  • a thermal insulation board is provided on the water-cooling valve board 75.
  • An upper flange 80 is provided on an upper portion of the valve body. When the isolating valve is in maintenance, the water-cooling valve board 75 is taken out of the valve body through an opening of the upper flange 80.
  • An operational process of the present invention is as follows.
  • Each of the glove box 1, the sintering furnace 3, the first conveying vehicle 2, the second conveying vehicle 6, and the press machine 5 comprises an independent electrical control cabinet. Decentralized operation mode is adopted, in such a manner that the equipments are in production status, i.e. vacuum system is started and the equipments are interlocking. The inert gas valve is opened and adjusted to a certain flow. All of the isolating valve, the furnace door and the compartment door are closed, and the heater is excellent without damage.
  • Each of the first conveying vehicle 2 and the second conveying vehicle 6 comprises a sealed compartment.
  • the compartment door 7 and the fifth isolating valve 14 are closed, and the first evacuating pipeline 12 is opened to evacuate the air in the compartment or replace the air in the compartment with inert gas.
  • a first pressure gage 13 is for controlling pressure.
  • First observation windows 9 are symmetrically provided at two sides of the compartment.
  • a first electrical control cabinet 10, a second observation window 11, and the first exhaust valve pipeline 8 are provided on a roof for convenient operation.
  • the universal wheel 19 of the second conveying vehicle 6 moves to drive the second conveying vehicle 6 to respectively coupled with the first isolating valve 31 of the glove box 1 and the press machine 5, wherein the second conveying vehicle 6 is located by a position switch.
  • the universal wheel 19 of the first conveying vehicle 2 moves to drive the first conveying vehicle 2 to respectively coupled with the third isolating valve 43 of the first glove 1 and the sintering furnace 3, wherein the first conveying vehicle 2 is located by the position switch.
  • an external control system is able to monitor status of equipments continuously, and the equipments run automatically according to a preset program. Whole operation is finished on a human-computer interface of the computer.
  • a screen of the external control system provides following information, i.e. working status of the vacuum pumps, vacuum valves and the vacuum pipelines; driving the conveying vehicles and displaying transferring and operating status of the conveying vehicles; driving the isolating valves and displaying operating status of the isolating valves; displaying the pressures of the glove box 1, the sintering furnace 3, the first conveying vehicle 2, the second conveying vehicle 6 and the fifth isolating valve 14, and the temperature of the sintering furnace 3; operating status of the inert gas and the safety valve; actual pressures of the cooling water, dynamic gas pressure and alarm management; displaying all related technological parameters (set values and actual values); inputting parameters; and displaying and storing historical process parameters/data. All of the main elements in the equipments are able to be operated via the screen.
  • the compacts are processed with vacuum sintering, and then the temperature is kept for 2 hours, wherein the vacuum degree is E-2Pa. Finally, the compacts are processed with aging in 900°C for two hours and aging in 500°C for four hours.
  • Example 1 Materials are prepared according to the weight proportion in the comparison example, and then compacts are sintered by the sintering method in the present invention. Before the temperature is increased, the sintering furnace is evacuated. When vacuum degree is more than 1 Pa, the temperature is increased to 400 °C and then kept for 3 hours. The temperature in a heating furnace is repeatedly increased and then kept for some time in range of 400°C ⁇ 850°C. Afterwards, the temperature is increased to 850 °C and then kept for 2 hours, wherein the vacuum degree is 3E-2Pa. The temperature continues to be increased to 1080 °C and then kept for 2 hours, wherein the vacuum degree is E-2Pa. Finally, the compacts are processed with aging by the method described in the comparison example.
  • Example 2 Materials are prepared according to the weight proportion in the comparison example, and then compacts are sintered by the sintering method in the present invention. Before the temperature is increased, the sintering furnace is evacuated. When vacuum degree is more than 1 Pa, the temperature is increased to 450 °C and then kept for 3 hours. The temperature in the heating furnace is repeatedly increased and then kept for some time in range of 450°C ⁇ 850°C. Afterwards, the temperature is increased to 850 °C and then kept for 2 hours, wherein the vacuum degree is 3E-2Pa. The temperature continues to be increased to 1080 °C and then kept for 2 hours, wherein the vacuum degree is E-2Pa. Finally, the compacts are processed with aging by the method described in the comparison example.
  • Example 3 Materials are prepared according to the weight proportion in the comparison example, and then compacts are sintered by the sintering method in the present invention. Before the temperature is increased, the sintering furnace is evacuated. When vacuum degree is more than 1 Pa, the temperature is increased to 400°C and then kept for 3 hours. The temperature in the heating furnace is repeatedly increased and then kept for some time in range of 400°C ⁇ 900°C. Afterwards, the temperature is increased to 900 °C and then kept for 2 hours, wherein the vacuum degree is 3E-2Pa. The temperature continues to be increased to 1080 °C and then kept for 2 hours, wherein the vacuum degree is E-2Pa. Finally, the compacts are processed with aging by the method described in the comparison example.
  • Example 4 Materials are prepared according to the weight proportion in the comparison example, and then compacts are sintered by the sintering method in the present invention. Before the temperature is increased, the sintering furnace is evacuated When vacuum degree is more than 1 Pa, the temperature is increased to 400°C and then kept for 3 hours. The temperature in the heating furnace is repeatedly increased and then kept for some time in range of 400°C ⁇ 900°C. Afterwards, the temperature is increased to 900 °C and then kept for 2 hours, wherein the vacuum degree is 3E-2Pa. The temperature continues to be increased to 1070 °C and then kept for 3 hours, wherein the vacuum degree is E-2Pa. Finally, the compacts are processed with aging by the method described in the comparison example.
  • the sealed glove box of the one-chamber sintering furnace is removed.
  • a glove box is provided to operate with a plurality of one-chamber sintering furnaces with isolating valves.
  • the conveying vehicles are coupled with the sintering furnace and the press machine in the protective atmosphere, in such a manner that non-oxidation connection from compaction to sintering is realized.
  • the method in the present invention significantly improves magnet performance and automaticity of production.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Equipement de frittage pour fritter un alliage magnétique permanent aux terres rares comprenant : une boîte à gants (1) présentant deux extrémités, deux véhicules d'acheminement dotés chacun d'un compartiment scellé (2, 6), une presse (5), un four de frittage (3) ainsi qu'un véhicule de déchargement (4) et deux canaux logistiques ; dans lequel un canal logistique respectif est fourni à une extrémité respective de ladite boîte à gants (1) ; ladite presse (5) et ledit four de frittage (3) sont alignés d'un côté desdits deux canaux logistiques ; lesdits deux véhicules d'acheminement (2, 6) sont en mesure de se déplacer respectivement dans lesdits deux canaux logistiques ; chacun desdits deux véhicules d'acheminement (2, 6), ledit four de frittage (3) et ladite presse (5) présentant une soupape d'isolement (14) fournie à une extrémité de chacun desdits deux véhicules d'acheminement (2, 6), dudit four de frittage (3) et de ladite presse (5) ; et ladite boîte à gants (1) comprend deux soupapes d'isolement (31, 43), dans lequel une soupape d'isolement respective est fournie à une extrémité respective de ladite boîte à gants (1) et chacun desdits deux véhicules d'acheminement (2, 6) peut être couplé respectivement à ladite boîte à gants (1), à ladite presse (5) et audit four de frittage (3) par l'intermédiaire desdites soupapes d'isolement (14).
  2. Equipement de frittage, selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite boîte à gants (1) est une boîte scellée comprenant deux chambres scellées qui sont vides ou remplies d'une atmosphère protectrice ; lesdites deux chambres scellées dans ladite boîte à gants sont une première chambre (32) et une seconde chambre (38) ; une seconde soupape d'isolement (36) est fournie entre lesdites deux chambre scellées ; une première soupape d'isolement (31) et une troisième soupape d'isolement (43) sont fournies aux deux extrémités desdites deux chambres scellées (32, 38) ; chacune desdites chambres comprend un pipeline d'évacuation (34, 41), une entrée de gaz inerte, un pipeline à soupape d'échappement (33, 40), une jauge de pression (35, 42) et une jauge de vide ; un pipeline à soupape d'équilibrage est fourni entre lesdites deux chambres pour équilibrer les pressions desdites deux chambre scellées (32, 38) ; et une seconde transmission à roue de roulement (46) et une troisième transmission à roue de roulement (45) sur lesquelles est placé un plateau de chargement (44) sont respectivement fournies dans lesdites deux chambres (32, 38), dans lequel ladite seconde chambre (38) comprend un composant de bride de gant (37).
  3. Equipement de frittage, selon la revendication 1, dans lequel chaque véhicule d'acheminement (2, 6) comprend une soupape d'isolement (14) fournie à une première extrémité de celui-ci, et une porte de compartiment (7) fournie à une seconde extrémité de celui-ci ; et quand ledit véhicule d'acheminement est couplé respectivement à ladite boîte à gants (1), audit four de frittage (3) ou à ladite presse (5), deux brides de raccordement desdites deux soupapes d'isolement (14, 31, 43) sont raccordées intimement pour former un joint étanche.
  4. Equipement de frittage, selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite première transmission à roue de roulement (16) pour transférer un matériau à ladite boîte à gants (1) et un mécanisme de fourche (17) pour transférer ledit matériau vers ledit four de frittage (3) sont fournis dans chaque véhicule d'acheminement (2, 6) ; des roues universelles (19) sont fournies au niveau d'une partie basse dudit véhicule d'acheminement (2, 6) ; et un premier pipeline d'évacuation (12), une entrée de gaz inerte et un premier pipeline à soupape d'échappement (8) sont fournis sur ledit véhicule d'acheminement (2, 6) et raccordés audit véhicule d'acheminement (2, 6).
  5. Equipement de frittage, selon la revendication 4, dans lequel ledit mécanisme de fourche comprend une fourche (17), une structure de rails de guidage de roues de roulement (20), un composant d'entraînement à vis (29), un premier réducteur de vitesse de moteur (18) et un premier cylindre (27) ; un arbre de sortie dudit premier réducteur de vitesse de moteur (18) est raccordé à une première extrémité d'une vis (21) dudit composant d'entraînement à vis (29) ; une seconde extrémité dudit composant d'entraînement à vis (29) est raccordée à ladite structure de rails de guidage de roues de roulement (20) qui est supportée par ledit premier cylindre (27) ; et ladite première transmission à roue de roulement (16) est installée sur un fond de compartiment (22) par l'intermédiaire d'un support (81).
  6. Equipement de frittage, selon la revendication 5, dans lequel ledit premier cylindre (27) est fixé sous ledit compartiment ; une tige de vérin dudit premier cylindre (27) s'étend jusque dans ledit compartiment et est raccordée à une tige de connexion d'un axe d'essieu de roulement dans ladite structure de rails de guidage de roues de roulement (20) ; et une roue de roulement se déplace dans un rail d'un premier composant de rail de roue de roulement (28).
  7. Equipement de frittage, selon la revendication 1, dans lequel au moins un four de frittage (3) est fourni ; ledit four de frittage (3) comprend : une quatrième soupape d'isolement (56) fournie à une extrémité de celui-ci, qui est également d'un côté dudit canal logistique, et une porte de four (53) fournie à une seconde extrémité de celui-ci, qui est verrouillée avec un anneau de four haute pression (52) conçu pour le verrouillage ; une chambre de four dudit four de frittage (3) comprend une chambre de chauffage fournie dans celle-ci, et une couche isotherme (59) est fournie dans ladite chambre de chauffage ; une pluralité de groupes d'éléments de chauffage (58) et de thermocouples (55) est fournie dans ladite couche isotherme (59) ; lesdits éléments de chauffage (58) sont connectés à une armoire de puissance de chauffage (48) par l'intermédiaire d'une électrode (54) fournie sur ladite chambre de chauffage et d'une barre de cuivre (49) fournie en dehors de ladite chambre de chauffage ; une pluralité de buses (60) qui sont interconnectées s'étend à travers ladite couche isotherme (59) dans un sens radial de ladite chambre de four ; une paroi externe d'une coque de four comporte une structure de chemise à deux couches à refroidissement à l'eau, et des pipelines d'entrée et de sortie de refroidissement à l'eau (57) sont fournis sur ladite paroi externe de ladite coque de four ; une entrée de gaz inerte, un pipeline à soupape de sécurité (67), un pipeline à soupape d'échappement (68) et un système de refroidissement à l'air sont raccordés à ladite chambre de four ; et ledit plateau de chargement est placé sur une étagère de charge de ladite chambre de chauffage dans ledit four de frittage par ladite fourche (17) dans ledit premier véhicule d'acheminement (2).
  8. Equipement de frittage, selon la revendication 7, dans lequel un pipeline à soupape d'équilibrage (69) est fourni entre ladite chambre de four dudit four de frittage (3) et ladite quatrième soupape d'isolement pour égaliser les pressions (56).
  9. Equipement de frittage, selon la revendication 7, dans lequel ledit système de refroidissement à l'air présentant un système de circulation externe ou un système de circulation interne comprend un ventilateur (50), un échangeur thermique (51), et une pluralité de buses (60) fournies le long de ladite chambre de four ; un conduit d'air qui est raccordé auxdites buses (60) présente une première extrémité raccordée audit ventilateur (50), et une seconde extrémité raccordée audit échangeur thermique (51).
  10. Equipement de frittage, selon la revendication 7, dans lequel une pluralité de fours de frittage (3) est fournie, lesdits fours de frittage (3) étant fournis côte à côte devant ledit canal logistique.
  11. Procédé de frittage d'un alliage magnétique permanent aux terres rares, à l'aide d'un équipement de frittage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 10, comprenant :
    (1) le pesage d'une poudre fine d'alliage magnétique permanent aux terres rares, la charge de la poudre fine dans des moules, et le compactage orienté de la poudre fine dans la presse (5) et dans une atmosphère inerte pour obtenir des ébauches ; dans lequel après que les ébauches sont chargées dans des boîtes de changement, les boîtes de chargement sont empilées sur le plateau de chargement (44) ; après que le second véhicule d'acheminement (6) est couplé à la presse (5), des brides correspondantes de deux soupapes d'isolement (14) sont verrouillées intimement ; après que l'air entre les deux soupapes d'isolement (14) est remplacé par du gaz inerte, les deux soupapes d'isolement (14) raccordées l'une à l'autre sont ouvertes ; après que le mécanisme de fourche (17) du second véhicule d'acheminement (6) a transféré le plateau de chargement hors de la presse (5) jusque dans le second véhicule d'acheminement (6), les deux soupapes d'isolement (14) sont fermées ; et le second véhicule d'acheminement (6) est ensuite couplé à la première soupape d'isolement (31) de la première chambre (32) de la boîte à gants (1) ;
    (2) après que l'air entre le second véhicule d'acheminement (6) et la première soupape d'isolement (31) de la boîte à gants (1) a été remplacé par de l'air inerte, les deux soupapes d'isolement (14, 31) raccordées l'une à l'autre sont ouvertes ; ensuite la première transmission à roue de roulement (16) dans le second véhicule d'acheminement (6) transfère le plateau de chargement (4) dans la première chambre (32) de la boîte à gants (1), les deux soupapes d'isolement (14, 31) sont fermées, et le second véhicule d'acheminement (6) est découplé de la boîte à gants (1) ; après que la seconde soupape d'isolement (36) de la boîte à gants (1) est ouverte, le matériau dans la première chambre (32) est transféré dans la seconde chambre (38) par des transmissions à roue de roulement (45, 46), et puis la seconde soupape d'isolement (36) est fermée ; et les ébauches sont chargées dans des boîtes de chargement de graphite manuellement dans la seconde chambre (38), et les boîtes de chargement de graphite sont empilées au niveau du plateau de chargement (44) ;
    (3) après que le premier véhicule d'acheminement (2) est couplé à la troisième soupape d'isolement (43) à l'extrémité de la seconde chambre (38), deux brides correspondantes des deux soupapes d'isolement (43, 14) sont verrouillées intimement ; après que l'air entre les deux soupapes d'isolement (43, 14) a été remplacé par du gaz inerte, les deux soupapes d'isolement (43, 14) raccordées l'une à l'autre sont ouvertes ; des transmissions à roue de roulement (45) dans la seconde chambre (38) et le premier véhicule d'acheminement (2) sont lancées pour transférer le plateau de chargement (44) de la seconde chambre (38) vers le premier véhicule d'acheminement (2) ; les deux soupapes d'isolement (43, 14) sont fermées ; et puis le premier véhicule d'acheminement (2) est découplé de la boîte à gant (1) ;
    (4) après que le premier véhicule d'acheminement (2) est couplé à la soupape d'isolement (56) du four de frittage (3), des brides correspondantes sont verrouillées intimement ; après que l'air entre les deux soupapes d'isolement (14, 56) a été remplacé par du gaz inerte, la soupape d'équilibrage a été ouverte pour équilibrer les pressions dans le four de frittage (3) et le premier véhicule d'acheminement (2) ; après que les pressions sont égales, les deux soupapes d'isolement (14, 56) raccordées l'une à l'autre sont ouvertes ; le mécanisme de fourche dans le premier véhicule d'acheminement (2) qui est entraîné horizontalement par une vis (21) et entraîné verticalement par un cylindre (27) est lancé pour transférer le plateau de chargement (44) jusque dans le four de frittage (3) ; les deux soupapes d'isolement (14, 56) sont fermées ; et puis le premier véhicule d'acheminement (2) est découplé ; et
    (5) après que le four de frittage (3) est évacué à un degré de vide de plus de 50 Pa, ou que le four de frittage (3) est rempli de gaz de protection, les ébauches sont chauffées et traitées par préservation thermique en fonction d'une courbe de traitement prédéfinie ; dans lequel les ébauches sont frittées à une plus haute température de 1200 °C ; le four de frittage est rempli d'azote ou d'argon à une pression de 0,01 ∼ 0,03 MPa ; un ventilateur (50) est lancé pour refroidir les boîtes de chargement et les ébauches de l'alliage magnétique permanent aux terres rares dans celles-ci jusqu'à ce que la température baisse en dessous de 80 °C, et puis le ventilateur (50) est arrêté après au moins 5 minutes ; après que la pression dans une chambre de four est égale à l'atmosphère, la quatrième soupape d'isolement (56) du four de frittage (3) est ouverte ; une fourche du véhicule de déchargement (4) sort le plateau de chargement (44), la quatrième soupape d'isolement (56) est fermée et le véhicule de déchargement est ensuite découplé.
EP13853302.1A 2012-11-08 2013-02-05 Procédé technologique pour le frittage d'un alliage à magnétisme permanent à base de terres rares et appareil à cet effet Active EP2851144B1 (fr)

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CN201210445605.2A CN103801693B (zh) 2012-11-08 2012-11-08 稀土永磁合金柔性烧结工艺方法
PCT/CN2013/071356 WO2014071709A1 (fr) 2012-11-08 2013-02-05 Procédé technologique pour le frittage souple d'un alliage à magnétisme permanent à base de terres rares et appareil à cet effet

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CN109273230B (zh) * 2018-07-23 2020-06-23 沈阳中北真空技术有限公司 一种智能化稀土永磁烧结生产线及烧结方法
CN109301343A (zh) * 2018-10-24 2019-02-01 爱发科真空技术（沈阳）有限公司 一种多室连续锂电池材料制取装置
CN109579515A (zh) * 2018-11-26 2019-04-05 太原开元智能装备有限公司 一种外热式真空连续烧结炉
CN109884992B (zh) * 2018-12-29 2021-08-03 湖南金炉科技股份有限公司 基于ocx控件的间歇式窑炉烧结工艺设定***及方法
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CN112735804B (zh) * 2020-12-28 2022-05-24 翼城县瑞科磁业有限公司 一种提升烧结钕铁硼磁体矫顽力的设备
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JP6043812B2 (ja) 2016-12-14
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JP2015511271A (ja) 2015-04-16
CN103801693B (zh) 2016-01-06
EP2851144A4 (fr) 2016-01-27

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