EP2850259B1 - Improved-grip reinforcing bar and method of producing the same - Google Patents
Improved-grip reinforcing bar and method of producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- EP2850259B1 EP2850259B1 EP13729991.3A EP13729991A EP2850259B1 EP 2850259 B1 EP2850259 B1 EP 2850259B1 EP 13729991 A EP13729991 A EP 13729991A EP 2850259 B1 EP2850259 B1 EP 2850259B1
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- strip
- locks
- faces
- reinforcing bar
- face
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- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 16
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- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
- E04C5/02—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of low bending resistance
- E04C5/03—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of low bending resistance with indentations, projections, ribs, or the like, for augmenting the adherence to the concrete
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
- E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
- E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
- E04C5/0636—Three-dimensional reinforcing mats composed of reinforcing elements laying in two or more parallel planes and connected by separate reinforcing parts
- E04C5/064—Three-dimensional reinforcing mats composed of reinforcing elements laying in two or more parallel planes and connected by separate reinforcing parts the reinforcing elements in each plane being formed by, or forming a, mat of longitunal and transverse bars
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49616—Structural member making
- Y10T29/49623—Static structure, e.g., a building component
- Y10T29/49632—Metal reinforcement member for nonmetallic, e.g., concrete, structural element
Definitions
- the invention relates to an improved adhesion reinforcing bar for a reinforced concrete part, in particular a beam, a slab or a column and also covers the reinforcement cages using such bars and their methods of production.
- reinforced concrete consists in combining the qualities of compressive strength of concrete and tensile strength of metal reinforcements.
- a reinforced concrete construction element behaves in fact like a composite part in which the reinforcing bars and the concrete, which have neighboring expansion coefficients, deform in the same way under the effect of the applied stresses, at least up to a limit effort.
- this part comprises, on either side of a neutral axis, two parts subjected, respectively, to compressive forces received by the concrete and to tensile stresses concealed mainly by the longitudinal reinforcing bars. It is therefore determined by calculation the cross section that should be given to each bar tense to withstand the forces applied, given the distance between the facing face of the compressed part and the center of gravity of the bar.
- the entire reinforcement of a reinforced concrete element has the shape of a cage consisting of two layers of longitudinal bars, respectively active and passive, interconnected by transverse stirrups that allow the manipulation and implementation of the entire cage and resist, on the other hand, sharp forces.
- These macrocracks allow the penetration of moisture and aggressive agents in contact with the frame. As they appear, in the first place, on the side where the coating is less important, it is necessary to leave a minimum coating distance between a reinforcing bar and the corresponding facing face of the part to prevent corrosion of the coating. bar and bursting of the concrete.
- This coating distance imposed by the regulations may be, for example, 30 mm.
- each flat bar can be chosen so as to present the cross section determined by the calculation in the usual way in order to withstand the forces applied.
- Such flat reinforcing bars are, therefore, of equal section, equivalent to the round bars usually used but, for the same coating distance, the axis of the flat bar is farther from the center of gravity of the beam than that a round bar of the same section and the resistance of the beam can, thus, be improved.
- the object of the invention is to solve such problems and thus avoid the disadvantages of this ancient technique while benefiting, however, from all the advantages brought by the use of flat bars with improved adhesion as reinforcements of reinforced concrete.
- the present invention thus relates, in a general manner, to the realization of an improved adhesion reinforcement bar for a piece of reinforced concrete, consisting of a metal profile extending in a longitudinal direction, having the form of a flattened strip of substantially rectangular cross-section, with two opposite broad faces extending between two lateral sides and having a plurality of parts protruding anchoring spaced longitudinally from each other and resting on the concrete in a direction opposite to a tensile force applied to the bar.
- each of the two broad faces of the strip is provided with a series of elongated lock-shaped anchoring portions separated from one another by groove-shaped hollow portions and extending transversely over any the width of the strip, substantially to the lateral sides thereof, and each of said elongated locks protrudes over a small height, not exceeding one quarter of the thickness of the strip and has, in cross section , a substantially trapezoidal profile, with a relief face of small width relative to its length and two inclined connecting flanks with the elongate bottom of the adjacent grooves which constitute, for each latch, two inclined bearing faces, each in one direction , on the encasement concrete, said inclined faces each having an elongated shape extending between the two sides of the strip, so as to distribute the support forces over the entire width of the strip. the latter.
- the elongate locks on each side of the strip are spaced from each other by a constant pitch not exceeding half the width of the strip and preferably between one and three times the thickness of the strip.
- the locks formed respectively on the two broad faces of the strip are parallel and the locks on one side are offset longitudinally by half a step with respect to the locks on the opposite face, so that the bottom of each groove of a first face is substantially in line with a lock of the second face.
- the elongated locks formed respectively on the two faces of the strip extend transversely in directions inclined at a non-zero angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the strip.
- the elongate locks formed respectively on the two faces of the strip are inclined symmetrically, in opposite directions, with respect to the longitudinal axis.
- the angle ⁇ of inclination of the locks relative to the axis is between 35 ° and 75 °.
- the anchor locks provided on each broad face of the strip are in the form of interlocking V-shaped chevrons, with two straight portions inclined symmetrically on either side of the longitudinal axis of the strip.
- the anchor locks have an undulating shape, symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the band.
- the locks provided on each broad face of the strip extend up to a short distance from each of the lateral edges thereof, so as to leave, along each of said edges, a flat surface having a small width, of the order of 0.2 e, e being the average thickness of the strip.
- the raised faces of the elongated locks and the bottoms of the grooves are situated, respectively, in two parallel planes extending on either side of an average plane in which are placed the two flats extending respectively along the two side edges of the strip.
- the two planes in which the raised faces of the bolts and the bottoms of the grooves are situated, respectively, are spaced apart by a height h which can range from 0.08 e to 0.24 e, e being the thickness average of the band.
- the connecting flanks between the raised faces of the bolts and the bottom of the corresponding grooves, which constitute, for each latch, two elongated bearing faces, each in one direction, on the concrete, are inclined at an angle at least 45 °, with respect to the raised face of said lock.
- the invention also covers a reinforcement cage for a reinforced concrete part, comprising two layers of reinforcing bars connected by stirrups and extending at a short coating distance, respectively, from two facing faces spaced apart from the room.
- At least one of the two plies of the cage consists of such flat bars with improved adhesion and the stirrups are also formed of flat metal strips, alternately welded on the raised faces of the elongated anchoring locks formed on each of the broad faces of said flat bars.
- the invention also covers a method of making such reinforcing bars with improved adhesion.
- a metal strip in the form of a flattened strip having two opposite large faces and centered on a longitudinal axis is produced first, then this flattened strip is subjected to a rolling pass between two rollers rotating around axes. parallel and orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the strip, said rollers being provided on their periphery with spaced-apart impressions, for the formation, by rolling, of elongate locks separated by parallel grooves, on each of the two broad faces of the strip. bandaged.
- These two rolling rolls are each provided, on their periphery, with an alternation of cavities and teeth intended to form, respectively, the locks and the grooves on each of the broad faces of the band and extending between two smooth portions. of small width, for the formation of two flats along the two lateral sides of the strip.
- these lock formation impressions are regularly spaced along the periphery of each of the rolling rolls, so as to form locks. away from a constant step. But in some cases, the impressions may be distributed along the periphery of each of the rolling rolls, so as to periodically vary the spacings of the locks made on each broad side of the strip.
- FIG. 1 which is a half-view of detail in longitudinal section, there is shown, in perspective, a first embodiment of a reinforcing bar according to the invention consisting of a flat metal strip 1 centered on a longitudinal axis x ' x and having a rectangular cross-section with two opposite large faces, respectively upper and lower 10 ', extending between two lateral sides 11.
- Each of the two wide faces 10, 10 'of the strip 1 is provided with a series of regularly spaced elongated protruding portions 2.2', separated from each other by groove shaped portions 3, 3 '.
- Each projecting portion 2,2 'thus forms an elongate lock which has, in cross section to its direction, a substantially trapezoidal profile with a raised face 21 and two inclined flanks 22, 23 for connection with the rectangular bottom 31 of the two grooves 32.33 extending respectively on either side of the latch 2.
- These latches 2 extend transversely over almost the entire width 1 of the strip 1, substantially to the lateral sides 11 thereof and are relatively close to each other. others, the pitch c spacing between two successive locks being at most equal to half the width I of the band.
- the ratio of the nominal width to the nominal thickness is normally between 4.5 and 6.
- the spacing pitch of the locks will therefore be between one and three times the thickness of the band.
- the bolts 2 thus brought together, as well as the grooves 3 which surround them, therefore have an elongated rectangle shape, with a raised face 21 of very small width relative to its length.
- Such a reduced spacing of the locks makes it possible to arrange three or four parallel locks over a strip length corresponding to its width whereas, in the old arrangement of the document FR-A-765.943 the locks were spaced a distance of the order of the width of the band.
- the height of the locks should not exceed one quarter of the thickness e of the strip and will preferably be between 0.08 e and 0.25 e.
- the connecting flanks 22, 23 also have the shape of elongated rectangles, of very small width relative to their length.
- the bearing faces thus formed thus make it possible, on the one hand, to reduce the individual abutment forces applied by each latch on the coating concrete and, on the other hand, to distribute these forces over the entire width of the strip. .
- the elongated latches 2 are directed perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis x 'x of the band 1 and are regularly spaced from the pitch c, while the latches 2' of the opposite face 10 'are offset longitudinally by a half-step.
- the bottom 31 'of each groove 3' of the lower face 10 ' is thus substantially in register with the raised face 21 of a latch 2 of the upper face 10.
- the latches 2 '2' are formed on the two faces 10, 10 'of the strip and they have a very small height, the thickness of the active part resistant to the forces traction remains of the same order as the nominal thickness of the bar reinforcement and is practically preserved throughout its length, in the direction of application of the tensile force.
- each of said latches 2 exerts on the concrete, by its anterior face 22, support forces directed along an inclined plane P the angle ⁇ 1 relative to the broad face 10 of the bar 1.
- each of the latches 2 'of the lower face 10' of the band 1 exerts on the concrete, by its front face 22 ', support forces which are directed in a mean plane P' inclined at an angle ⁇ 1 relative to the lower face 10 'of the strip 1.
- the inclined flanks 22, 22 'of the grooves 2, 2' which extend substantially over the entire width of the strip, have a substantially constant height, such as so that the forces applied by each lock on the concrete, when the bar is subjected to traction, are evenly distributed over the entire length of the lock, that is to say over the entire width of the bar 1.
- each bar has, in cross section on its axis, a rectangular profile of small thickness relative to its width
- the projection of the locks in the longitudinal direction of the tensile force, which corresponds to the stress transmitted by the concrete bar may extend over at least 75% of the perimeter of the bar, calculated from the nominal section of the bar. This results in a lower risk of shearing the joint.
- the longitudinal spacing of the average planes P, P 'of the support forces on the concrete corresponds, on each face 10, 10' of the strip, to the reduced pitch c of spacing of the elongate locks 2,2 'which , as indicated above, is less than half the width of the
- the abutment stresses, which are exerted along two directions inclined symmetrically on either side of the mean plane of the strip, along the two series of parallel planes P, P ' are slightly spaced apart. others, are therefore distributed substantially uniformly over the entire width and the entire length of the bar 1.
- the latches 2 'of the lower face 10' of the bar are offset by a half-step relative to the latches 2 of the upper face 10 and are therefore placed substantially in line with the grooves 3 between them.
- the metal cross-section on which the tensile force T is applied remains substantially constant over the entire length of the strip, which therefore fully participates in the resistance, while the resistance of a conventional reinforcing bar Circular section should be calculated only according to its nominal diameter, without taking into account the volume of metal corresponding to the anchoring parts.
- reinforcing bars according to the invention comprising a large number of loosely spaced and low height locks, makes it possible to reduce this risk of embrittlement when the bar is bent, for example to form sticks. anchoring at the ends or to adapt the profile of the bar to the shape of the part or the distribution of the stresses in the concrete part.
- latches 2 and the grooves 3 extend substantially over the entire width 1 of the strip, their ends may form dangerous sharp angles for the handling of the bar and may facilitate cracking of the concrete during the tensioning of the bar.
- the latches 2 and the grooves 3 extend transversely only over a width a little smaller than that of the flat strip 1, so as to leave along each of the two edges side of the latter, a flat surface 12 having a small width, for example of the order of 0.2 e, e being the thickness of the strip at each of its sides 11.
- each of the two faces 10, 10 'of the bar 1 has, in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal tensile force T, an alternation of protruding portions and recessed portions corresponding to a plurality of inclined locks 2a, 2b, 2c of which the bearing faces 22 intersect the cross-sectional plane.
- the angle of inclination ⁇ of the locks may be the same on the two faces 10, 10 'which are then provided with parallel locks 2, 2'which, as previously, can be offset by half a step, so that each latch on one side corresponds to a groove on the other side.
- the two series of locks formed respectively on the two broad faces 10, 10 'of the strip are inclined symmetrically, an angle ⁇ on the upper face 10 and the opposite angle ⁇ ' on the lower face 10 '.
- the possible effects of lateral offset compensate for each other and the bar 1 remains better centered on the longitudinal axis x ', x of application of the tensile force T.
- the overall cross section thereof remains substantially constant over any its length.
- the inclined latches 2,2 'and the grooves 3,3' are stopped at a small distance from the lateral edges of the strip 1, in order to provide, along each of the sides and on each face 10, 10 'of the band 1, a smooth flat 12,12 'having a small width, of the order of 0.2 e.
- the raised faces 21, 21' of the bolts 2, 2 'and the bottoms 31, 31' of the grooves 3, 3 ' are located, respectively, in parallel planes extending on either side of an average plane of the strip and in which are placed the flat flats 12, 12 '.
- the invention also covers an original method for producing such flat bar bars, from a commercial wire rod or, more generally, a smooth bar with a circular section.
- such a round bar 4 may first be subjected to a first rolling pass between two rollers 41 rotating about horizontal axes 40, in order to give it the desired thickness e, then to a second rolling pass between two rollers 42 rotating about vertical axes, to adjust its width l.
- a rectangular strip 1 is thus obtained, which is then subjected to a third rolling pass between two opposed rollers 5, 5 'rotating about horizontal axes 50, 50' parallel to the wide faces 10, 10 'and each provided on its periphery, an alternation of indentations 51, 51 'intended to form the latches 2,2' and teeth 52, 52 'intended to form the grooves 3,3', as shown diagrammatically on the Figure 11 which is a detail view in section through a plane l, l passing through the axes 50, 50 'of the rollers 5, 5'.
- the cavities 51 and the teeth 52 formed on the periphery of each of the rollers 5, 5 'do not extend over the entire width of the latter, in order to leave at their ends smooth portions 53 , 53 'for the formation of the flats 12, 12' along the lateral edges of each of the two faces 10, 10 'of the strip 1.
- the indentations 51 and the teeth 52 formed on the periphery of the rolling rollers 5, 5 ' have a trapezoidal section. , both lengthwise and crosswise, so that on each of the faces 10, 10 'of the band 1, the bolts 2 are connected, at each end, to the corresponding flat section 12, by an inclined face 24, as are the grooves 3 ending at each end with an inclined face 34 ( Fig.3 ).
- notched reinforcement bars provided on their wide faces with latches and parallel grooves with trapezoidal cross-section, make it possible to retain all the advantages provided by the use of flat reinforcing bars for making a cage. reinforcement, for example as described in the document FR-A-2,814,480 .
- the figure 8 is a schematic detail view, in longitudinal section, of a concrete part 6 such as a beam or slab subjected to bending forces, having two parallel facing faces, respectively a stretched face 61 under the effect of the forces applied and a compressed face 62, and in which a reinforcement cage 7 is embedded, comprising two layers of longitudinal bars 71,72 crossing with transverse bars 71 ', 72', which extend to a weak coating distance, respectively, of the two faces of facing 61,62 and are connected by stirrups 73.
- a concrete part 6 such as a beam or slab subjected to bending forces, having two parallel facing faces, respectively a stretched face 61 under the effect of the forces applied and a compressed face 62, and in which a reinforcement cage 7 is embedded, comprising two layers of longitudinal bars 71,72 crossing with transverse bars 71 ', 72', which extend to a weak coating distance, respectively, of the two faces of facing 61,62 and are connected by stirrups 73.
- the longitudinal and transverse bars are advantageously consisting of flat strips, as well as the transverse stirrups which may consist of a corrugated strip alternately welded, by its vertices, on the two layers of bars or a series of flat tongues shaped so as to provide, at their ends , two flat welding faces, respectively, on the bars of the two layers.
- the longitudinal bars 71 extending along the stretched face 61 consist of notched flat strips of the type described above, comprising, on each broad face, a series of parallel anchor bolts separated by grooves .
- the transverse flat irons 71 'and the corrugated band stirrups 73 can still be easily welded to the planar raised faces 21 of the elongated latches 2 due to the trapezoidal profile and the small width thereof.
- figures 3 and 4 comprising, on each wide face, a series of parallel latches, inclined at the same angle with respect to the longitudinal axis x 'x of the bar 1, makes it possible to apply and weld each transverse iron 71' on the faces in relief 21 of several neighboring locks, and it is the same for stirrups 73, the top of the corrugations.
- the elongate latches 2.2 'formed on the two faces of the strip do not necessarily extend in a straight line between the two sides 11a, 11b of the strip 1.
- the figure 9 shows two variants of the invention.
- the upper part shows, in plan view, a flat bar 1 provided, on its upper face 10, anchoring locks 2 in the form of interlocking chevrons, centered on the longitudinal axis x ', x of the strip.
- the opposite face 10 ' is also provided with interlocking herringbone latches which can be rotated in the same direction or in the opposite direction to better withstand alternating pulling forces.
- the lower part of the figure 9 shows another variant in which the latches 2a, 2b are arranged in two rows extending only half of the width of the band 1 and are inclined alternately to the right and to the left of the longitudinal axis x ' x.
- flanks of the bolts are rectilinear, so that the support forces are exerted in a succession of parallel planes, but it would also be possible to make wavy locks.
- the grooving of the broad faces of the strip could be removed in some places and on a short length, for example for marking the bar.
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Description
L'invention a pour objet une barre d'armature à adhérence améliorée pour une pièce en béton armé, en particulier une poutre, une dalle ou un poteau et couvre également les cages de ferraillage utilisant de telles barres et leurs procédés de réalisation.The invention relates to an improved adhesion reinforcing bar for a reinforced concrete part, in particular a beam, a slab or a column and also covers the reinforcement cages using such bars and their methods of production.
On sait que le principe du béton armé consiste à combiner les qualités de résistance à la compression du béton et de résistance à la traction des armatures métalliques. Un élément de construction en béton armé se comporte, en effet, comme une pièce composite dans laquelle les barres d'armature et le béton, qui ont des coefficients de dilatation voisins, se déforment de la même façon sous l'effet des contraintes appliquées, au moins jusqu'à un effort limite.It is known that the principle of reinforced concrete consists in combining the qualities of compressive strength of concrete and tensile strength of metal reinforcements. A reinforced concrete construction element behaves in fact like a composite part in which the reinforcing bars and the concrete, which have neighboring expansion coefficients, deform in the same way under the effect of the applied stresses, at least up to a limit effort.
Dans le cas, par exemple, d'une pièce en béton armé soumise à des efforts de flexion, on considère habituellement, pour le calcul des armatures, que cette pièce comporte, de part et d'autre d'un axe neutre, deux parties soumises, respectivement, à des efforts de compression encaissés par le béton et à des efforts de traction encaissés essentiellement par les barres d'armature longitudinales. On détermine donc par le calcul la section transversale qu'il convient de donner à chaque barre tendue pour résister aux efforts appliqués, compte tenu de la distance entre la face de parement de la partie comprimée et le centre de gravité de la barre.In the case, for example, of a reinforced concrete part subjected to bending forces, it is usually considered, for the calculation of reinforcement, that this part comprises, on either side of a neutral axis, two parts subjected, respectively, to compressive forces received by the concrete and to tensile stresses concealed mainly by the longitudinal reinforcing bars. It is therefore determined by calculation the cross section that should be given to each bar tense to withstand the forces applied, given the distance between the facing face of the compressed part and the center of gravity of the bar.
Généralement, l'ensemble du ferraillage d'un élément en béton armé présente la forme d'une cage constituée de deux nappes de barres longitudinales, respectivement actives et passives, reliées entre elles par des étriers transversaux qui permettent la manipulation et la mise en place de l'ensemble de la cage et résistent, d'autre part, aux efforts tranchants.Generally, the entire reinforcement of a reinforced concrete element has the shape of a cage consisting of two layers of longitudinal bars, respectively active and passive, interconnected by transverse stirrups that allow the manipulation and implementation of the entire cage and resist, on the other hand, sharp forces.
Comme les forces extérieures qui sollicitent un élément en béton armé sont, généralement, appliquées sur le béton, c'est la liaison d'adhérence au niveau de l'interface acier-béton, c'est-à-dire de la gaine de béton entourant chaque barre, qui permet la mise en charge des armatures, nécessaire au fonctionnement normal de la structure. La capacité de transfert des efforts entre le béton et la barre d'armature dépend, donc, de la qualité de cette liaison d'adhérence.As the external forces that solicit a reinforced concrete element are generally applied on the concrete, it is the bonding bond at the steel-concrete interface, that is to say the concrete sheath surrounding each bar, which allows the loading of reinforcement, necessary for the normal operation of the structure. The transfer capacity of the forces between the concrete and the rebar depends, therefore, on the quality of this bonding bond.
Il est connu que, lorsque l'effort de traction appliqué dans la partie tendue d'une pièce en béton armé augmente, on observe tout d'abord une phase quasiment linéaire pendant laquelle l'effort de traction est transféré dans chaque barre par l'interface acier-béton qui se dégrade progressivement jusqu'à l'apparition, dans le béton, de microfissures causées par de petits déplacements entre la barre et le béton qui l'entoure. Si les efforts de traction continuent à augmenter, cette première phase quasi-linéaire est suivie d'une phase non linéaire pendant laquelle les microfissures se localisent en macrofissures moins nombreuses et plus larges, qui forment un réseau en « arêtes de poisson », avec une perte de l'adhérence et de la rigidité de l'interface.It is known that, when the tensile force applied in the tensioned part of a reinforced concrete part increases, firstly there is an almost linear phase during which the tensile force is transferred into each bar by the steel-concrete interface which is progressively degraded until the appearance, in the concrete, of microcracks caused by small displacements between the bar and the concrete which surrounds it. If tensile forces continue to increase, this first quasi-linear phase is followed by a non-linear phase during which the microcracks are located in fewer and larger macrofissures, which form a network of "fishbones", with a loss of adhesion and rigidity of the interface.
Ces macrofissures permettent la pénétration de l'humidité et d'agents agressifs au contact de l'armature. Comme elles apparaissent, en premier lieu, du coté où l'enrobage est moins important, il est nécessaire de laisser une distance minimale d'enrobage entre une barre d'armature et la face de parement correspondante de la pièce pour éviter la corrosion de la barre et l'éclatement du béton. Cette distance d'enrobage imposée par la réglementation, peut être, par exemple, de 30 mm.These macrocracks allow the penetration of moisture and aggressive agents in contact with the frame. As they appear, in the first place, on the side where the coating is less important, it is necessary to leave a minimum coating distance between a reinforcing bar and the corresponding facing face of the part to prevent corrosion of the coating. bar and bursting of the concrete. This coating distance imposed by the regulations may be, for example, 30 mm.
Il y a déjà longtemps, on a proposé, dans le document
Dans une telle disposition, en effet, la largeur et l'épaisseur de chaque barre plate peuvent être choisies de façon à présenter la section transversale déterminée par le calcul de la façon habituelle afin de résister aux efforts appliqués. De telles barres d'armature plates sont, donc, à section égale, équivalentes aux barres rondes utilisées habituellement mais, pour une même distance d'enrobage, l'axe de la barre plate est plus éloigné du centre de gravité de la poutre que celui d'une barre ronde de même section et la résistance de la poutre peut, ainsi, être améliorée.In such an arrangement, in fact, the width and the thickness of each flat bar can be chosen so as to present the cross section determined by the calculation in the usual way in order to withstand the forces applied. Such flat reinforcing bars are, therefore, of equal section, equivalent to the round bars usually used but, for the same coating distance, the axis of the flat bar is farther from the center of gravity of the beam than that a round bar of the same section and the resistance of the beam can, thus, be improved.
De même, à résistance égale, l'utilisation de barres d'armature plates permet de diminuer l'épaisseur globale de la cage de ferraillage et, par conséquent, de la pièce en béton, tout en conservant le même bras de levier entre les barres tendues et la face de parement opposée.Similarly, with equal strength, the use of flat reinforcing bars makes it possible to reduce the overall thickness of the reinforcement cage and, consequently, of the concrete part, while maintaining the same lever between the bars. stretched and opposite face facing.
Toutefois, pour permettre la formation de tels bossages, ceux-ci doivent être écartés les uns des autres d'une distance du même ordre que la largeur de la barre plate et exercent donc sur le béton d'enrobage, des efforts de butée ponctuels, séparés les uns des autres, ce qui, à partir d'un certain niveau de traction, peut provoquer l'apparition de macrofissures plus ouvertes, avec un risque d'éclatement du béton.However, to allow the formation of such bosses, they must be spaced from each other by a distance of the same order as the width of the flat bar and therefore exert on the concrete coating, point abutment efforts, separated from each other, which, from a certain level of traction, can cause the appearance of macrofissures more open, with a risk of bursting of the concrete.
Une telle disposition ne permet, donc, aucune progressivité dans la transmission des efforts entre la barre et la gaine de béton qui restent parfaitement solidarisées jusqu'à un effort limite de traction, à partir duquel la barre risque de se détacher brutalement du béton.Such an arrangement therefore allows no progressiveness in the transmission of forces between the bar and the concrete sheath which remain perfectly secured to a tensile force limit, from which the bar may come off abruptly from the concrete.
Par ailleurs, la réalisation d'une série de bossages sur une face et de cavités sur l'autre face, donne à la barre plate, dans sa partie centrale, un profil ondulé comportant, dans le sens longitudinal, une succession de rétrécissements en épaisseur qui constituent des points de faiblesse nuisibles à la résistance aux efforts de traction et pouvant provoquer une rupture de la barre pour un effort très inférieur à l'effort limite théoriquement applicable. D'ailleurs, les dispositions prévues dans ce brevet, publié en 1934, n'ont jamais été appliquées en pratique.Furthermore, the production of a series of bosses on one face and cavities on the other face, gives the flat bar, in its central part, a corrugated profile comprising, in the longitudinal direction, a succession of narrowing in thickness which are weaknesses detrimental to the resistance to tensile stresses and which can cause a break in the bar for an effort much lower than the theoretically applicable limit force. Moreover, the provisions of this patent, published in 1934, have never been applied in practice.
L'invention a pour objet de résoudre de tels problèmes et d'éviter, ainsi, les inconvénients de cette technique ancienne en bénéficiant, cependant, de tous les avantages apportés par l'utilisation de barres plates à adhérence améliorée comme armatures de béton armé.The object of the invention is to solve such problems and thus avoid the disadvantages of this ancient technique while benefiting, however, from all the advantages brought by the use of flat bars with improved adhesion as reinforcements of reinforced concrete.
Cet objet est atteint par la barre d'armature selon (la combinaison de caractéristiques de) la revendication 1. La présente invention concerne donc, d'une façon générale, la réalisation d'une barre d'armature à adhérence améliorée pour une pièce en béton armé, constituée d'un profilé métallique s'étendant suivant une direction longitudinale, ayant la forme d'une bande aplatie à section transversale sensiblement rectangulaire, avec deux faces larges opposées s'étendant entre deux cotés latéraux et comportant une pluralité de parties d'ancrage en saillie écartées longitudinalement les unes des autres et prenant appui sur le béton dans un sens opposé à un effort de traction appliqué sur la barre.This object is achieved by the reinforcing bar according to (the combination of features of)
Conformément à l'invention, chacune des deux faces larges de la bande est munie d'une série de parties d'ancrage en forme de verrous allongés séparés les uns des autres par des parties creuses en forme de rainures et s'étendant transversalement sur toute la largeur de la bande, sensiblement jusqu'aux cotés latéraux de celle-ci, et chacun desdits verrous allongés s'étend en saillie sur une faible hauteur, ne dépassant pas un quart de l'épaisseur de la bande et présente, en section transversale, un profil sensiblement trapézoïdal, avec une face en relief de faible largeur par rapport à sa longueur et deux flancs inclinés de raccordement avec le fond allongé des rainures adjacentes qui constituent, pour chaque verrou, deux faces inclinées d'appui, chacune dans un sens, sur le béton d'enrobage, lesdites faces inclinées ayant chacune une forme allongée s'étendant entre les deux cotés de la bande, de façon à répartir les efforts d'appui sur toute la largeur de celle-ci.According to the invention, each of the two broad faces of the strip is provided with a series of elongated lock-shaped anchoring portions separated from one another by groove-shaped hollow portions and extending transversely over any the width of the strip, substantially to the lateral sides thereof, and each of said elongated locks protrudes over a small height, not exceeding one quarter of the thickness of the strip and has, in cross section , a substantially trapezoidal profile, with a relief face of small width relative to its length and two inclined connecting flanks with the elongate bottom of the adjacent grooves which constitute, for each latch, two inclined bearing faces, each in one direction , on the encasement concrete, said inclined faces each having an elongated shape extending between the two sides of the strip, so as to distribute the support forces over the entire width of the strip. the latter.
Grâce à de telles dispositions, il devient possible d'assurer une excellente répartition des efforts d'appui sur tout le périmètre rectangulaire de la barre, sans risque de fragilisation de celle-ci et avec le maintien, sur toute sa longueur, d'une section transversale aussi constante que possible, afin de résister dans les meilleures conditions aux efforts de traction appliqués.Thanks to such arrangements, it becomes possible to ensure an excellent distribution of support forces over the entire rectangular perimeter of the bar, without risk of embrittlement thereof and with the maintenance, throughout its length, of a cross section as constant as possible, in order to withstand in the best conditions applied traction forces.
De façon particulièrement avantageuse, les verrous allongés ménagés sur chaque face de la bande sont écartés l'un de l'autre d'un pas constant ne dépassant pas la moitié de la largeur de la bande et, de préférence, compris entre une et trois fois l'épaisseur de la bande.Particularly advantageously, the elongate locks on each side of the strip are spaced from each other by a constant pitch not exceeding half the width of the strip and preferably between one and three times the thickness of the strip.
De préférence, les verrous ménagés, respectivement, sur les deux faces larges de la bande, sont parallèles et les verrous ménagés sur une face sont décalés longitudinalement d'un demi- pas par rapport aux verrous de la face opposée, de telle sorte que le fond de chaque rainure d'une première face se trouve sensiblement au droit d'un verrou de la seconde face.Preferably, the locks formed respectively on the two broad faces of the strip are parallel and the locks on one side are offset longitudinally by half a step with respect to the locks on the opposite face, so that the bottom of each groove of a first face is substantially in line with a lock of the second face.
Dans un mode de réalisation préférentiel, les verrous allongés ménagés, respectivement, sur les deux faces de la bande, s'étendent transversalement suivant des directions inclinées d'un angle non nul par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de la bande.In a preferred embodiment, the elongated locks formed respectively on the two faces of the strip, extend transversely in directions inclined at a non-zero angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the strip.
Selon une autre caractéristique préférentielle, les verrous allongés ménagés, respectivement, sur les deux faces de la bande, sont inclinés symétriquement, en des sens opposés, par rapport à l'axe longitudinal.According to another preferred feature, the elongate locks formed respectively on the two faces of the strip are inclined symmetrically, in opposite directions, with respect to the longitudinal axis.
Avantageusement, sur chaque face de la bande, l'angle β d'inclinaison des verrous par rapport à l'axe, est compris entre 35° et 75°.Advantageously, on each face of the strip, the angle β of inclination of the locks relative to the axis is between 35 ° and 75 °.
Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, les verrous d'ancrage ménagés sur chaque face large de la bande ont la forme de chevrons en V imbriqués, avec deux parties rectilignes inclinées symétriquement de part et d'autre de l'axe longitudinal de la bande.In a particular embodiment, the anchor locks provided on each broad face of the strip are in the form of interlocking V-shaped chevrons, with two straight portions inclined symmetrically on either side of the longitudinal axis of the strip.
Dans un autre mode de réalisation, les verrous d'ancrage ont une forme ondulée, symétrique par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de la bande.In another embodiment, the anchor locks have an undulating shape, symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the band.
Selon une autre caractéristique les verrous ménagés sur chaque face large de la bande, s'étendent jusqu'à une faible distance de chacun des bords latéraux de celle-ci, de façon à laisser, le long de chacun desdits bords, un méplat lisse ayant une faible largeur, de l'ordre de 0,2 e, e étant l'épaisseur moyenne de la bande.According to another characteristic, the locks provided on each broad face of the strip extend up to a short distance from each of the lateral edges thereof, so as to leave, along each of said edges, a flat surface having a small width, of the order of 0.2 e, e being the average thickness of the strip.
Avantageusement, sur chacune des deux faces larges de la bande, les faces en relief des verrous allongés et les fonds des rainures sont situés, respectivement, dans deux plans parallèles s'étendant de part et d'autre d'un plan moyen dans lequel sont placés les deux méplats s'étendant, respectivement, le long des deux bords latéraux de la bande.Advantageously, on each of the two broad faces of the strip, the raised faces of the elongated locks and the bottoms of the grooves are situated, respectively, in two parallel planes extending on either side of an average plane in which are placed the two flats extending respectively along the two side edges of the strip.
De préférence, les deux plans dans lesquels sont situés, respectivement, les faces en relief des verrous et les fonds des rainures, sont écartés d'une hauteur h pouvant aller de 0,08 e à 0,24 e, e étant l'épaisseur moyenne de la bande.Preferably, the two planes in which the raised faces of the bolts and the bottoms of the grooves are situated, respectively, are spaced apart by a height h which can range from 0.08 e to 0.24 e, e being the thickness average of the band.
Par ailleurs, les flancs de raccordement entre les faces en relief des verrous et le fond des rainures correspondantes, qui constituent, pour chaque verrou, deux faces allongées d'appui, chacune dans un sens, sur le béton, sont inclinés d'un angle d'au moins 45°, par rapport à la face en relief dudit verrou.Furthermore, the connecting flanks between the raised faces of the bolts and the bottom of the corresponding grooves, which constitute, for each latch, two elongated bearing faces, each in one direction, on the concrete, are inclined at an angle at least 45 °, with respect to the raised face of said lock.
L'invention couvre également une cage de ferraillage pour une pièce en béton armé, comportant deux nappes de barres d'armature reliées par des étriers et s'étendant à une faible distance d'enrobage, respectivement, de deux faces de parement écartées de la pièce.The invention also covers a reinforcement cage for a reinforced concrete part, comprising two layers of reinforcing bars connected by stirrups and extending at a short coating distance, respectively, from two facing faces spaced apart from the room.
Selon l'invention, au moins l'une des deux nappes de la cage est constituée de telles barres plates à adhérence améliorée et les étriers sont formés également de bandes plates métalliques, soudées alternativement sur les faces en relief des verrous d'ancrage allongés ménagés sur chacune des faces larges desdites barres plates.According to the invention, at least one of the two plies of the cage consists of such flat bars with improved adhesion and the stirrups are also formed of flat metal strips, alternately welded on the raised faces of the elongated anchoring locks formed on each of the broad faces of said flat bars.
Mais l'invention couvre aussi un procédé de réalisation de telles barres d'armature à adhérence améliorée. Selon l'invention, on réalise tout d'abord une barre métallique en forme de bande aplatie ayant deux faces larges opposées et centrée sur un axe longitudinal, puis cette bande aplatie est soumise à une passe de laminage entre deux rouleaux tournant autour d'axes parallèles et orthogonaux à l'axe longitudinal de la bande, lesdits rouleaux étant munis, sur leur périphérie, d'empreintes écartées, pour la formation, par laminage, de verrous allongés séparés par des rainures parallèles, sur chacune des deux faces larges de la bande.But the invention also covers a method of making such reinforcing bars with improved adhesion. According to the invention, first of all a metal strip in the form of a flattened strip having two opposite large faces and centered on a longitudinal axis is produced first, then this flattened strip is subjected to a rolling pass between two rollers rotating around axes. parallel and orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the strip, said rollers being provided on their periphery with spaced-apart impressions, for the formation, by rolling, of elongate locks separated by parallel grooves, on each of the two broad faces of the strip. bandaged.
Ces deux rouleaux de laminage sont munis chacun, sur leur périphérie, d'une alternance d'empreintes et de dents destinées à former, respectivement, les verrous et les rainures sur chacune des faces larges de la bande et s'étendant entre deux parties lisses de faible largeur, pour la formation de deux méplats le long des deux côtés latéraux de la bande.These two rolling rolls are each provided, on their periphery, with an alternation of cavities and teeth intended to form, respectively, the locks and the grooves on each of the broad faces of the band and extending between two smooth portions. of small width, for the formation of two flats along the two lateral sides of the strip.
Normalement, ces empreintes de formation des verrous sont régulièrement écartées le long de la périphérie de chacun des rouleaux de laminage, de façon à former des verrous écartés d'un pas constant. Mais, dans certains cas, les empreintes pourront être réparties le long de la périphérie de chacun des rouleaux de laminage, de façon à faire varier périodiquement les écartements des verrous réalisés sur chaque face large de la bande.Normally, these lock formation impressions are regularly spaced along the periphery of each of the rolling rolls, so as to form locks. away from a constant step. But in some cases, the impressions may be distributed along the periphery of each of the rolling rolls, so as to periodically vary the spacings of the locks made on each broad side of the strip.
Mais l'invention sera mieux comprise par la description détaillée qui va suivre de certains modes de réalisation préférentiels, donnés à titre de simples exemples et représentés sur les dessins annexés.
- La
Figure 1 montre schématiquement, en perspective, une barre d'armature selon l'invention, munie de verrous orthogonaux à son axe longitudinal. - La
Figure 2 montre schématiquement, dans deux modes de réalisation, l'effet d'un effort de traction appliqué sur une telle barre. - La
Figure 3 est une vue partielle, en perspective, d'une barre d'armature munie de verrous inclinés par rapport à son axe longitudinal. - La
Figure 4 est une vue schématique d'une telle barre, en coupe par un plan orthogonal à son axe longitudinal. - La
Figure 5 est une vue de dessus d'une barre munie, sur ses deux faces, de verrous inclinés en des sens opposés. - La
Figure 6 est une vue d'une barre de lafigure 5 , en coupe par un plan orthogonal à son axe longitudinal. - La
Figure 7 est une vue de détail de cette barre, en coupe par un plan parallèle à son axe longitudinal. - La
Figure 8 est une vue schématique de détail d'une cage d'armature utilisant des barres longitudinales selon l'invention. - La
Figure 9 montre, en vue de dessus, deux variantes de réalisation d'une barre d'armature selon l'invention. - La
Figure 10 montre schématiquement les étapes de réalisation d'une barre d'armature. - La
Figure 11 est une vue de détail des rouleaux de laminage, en coupe selon la ligne I-I de laFigure 10 . - La
figure 12 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un autre mode de réalisation d'une barre aplatie.
- The
Figure 1 schematically shows, in perspective, a reinforcing bar according to the invention, provided with locks orthogonal to its longitudinal axis. - The
Figure 2 schematically shows, in two embodiments, the effect of a tensile force applied to such a bar. - The
Figure 3 is a partial view, in perspective, of a reinforcing bar provided with locks inclined with respect to its longitudinal axis. - The
Figure 4 is a schematic view of such a bar, in section through a plane orthogonal to its longitudinal axis. - The
Figure 5 is a top view of a bar provided, on both sides, locks inclined in opposite directions. - The
Figure 6 is a view of a bar from thefigure 5 , in section through a plane orthogonal to its longitudinal axis. - The
Figure 7 is a detail view of this bar, in section through a plane parallel to its longitudinal axis. - The
Figure 8 is a schematic detail view of a reinforcement cage using longitudinal bars according to the invention. - The
Figure 9 shows, in top view, two embodiments of a reinforcing bar according to the invention. - The
Figure 10 schematically shows the steps of making a reinforcing bar. - The
Figure 11 is a detail view of the rolling rolls, in section along the line II of theFigure 10 . - The
figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a flattened bar.
Sur la
Chacune des deux faces larges 10, 10' de la bande 1 est munie d'une série de parties en saillie allongées régulièrement écartées 2,2', séparées les unes des autres par des parties creuses en forme de rainures 3,3'.Each of the two wide faces 10, 10 'of the
Chaque partie en saillie 2,2' forme ainsi un verrou allongé qui présente, en section transversale à sa direction, un profil sensiblement trapézoïdal avec une face en relief 21 et deux flancs inclinés 22, 23 de raccordement avec le fond rectangulaire 31 des deux rainures 32,33 s'étendant respectivement de part et d'autre du verrou 2. Ces verrous 2 s'étendent transversalement sur presque toute la largeur l de la bande 1, sensiblement jusqu'aux cotés latéraux 11 de celle-ci et sont relativement rapprochés les uns des autres, le pas c d'écartement entre deux verrous successifs étant au plus égal à la moitié de la largeur I de la bande.Each projecting
Pour une barre d'armature de béton armé, le rapport de la largeur nominale à l'épaisseur nominale est, normalement compris entre 4,5 et 6. De préférence, le pas d'espacement des verrous sera, donc, compris entre une et trois fois l'épaisseur de la bande.For a reinforced concrete reinforcing bar, the ratio of the nominal width to the nominal thickness is normally between 4.5 and 6. Preferably, the spacing pitch of the locks will therefore be between one and three times the thickness of the band.
Les verrous 2 ainsi rapprochés, ainsi que les rainures 3 qui les encadrent, ont donc une forme de rectangle allongé, avec une face en relief 21 de largeur très faible par rapport à sa longueur.The
Un tel pas réduit d'espacement des verrous permet de ménager trois ou quatre verrous parallèles sur une longueur de bande correspondant à sa largeur alors que, dans la disposition ancienne du document
Cette multiplication du nombre de verrous permet donc, pour des efforts d'appui équivalents, de réduire considérablement la hauteur des verrous et, par conséquent, le risque de fracturation du béton d'enrobage.This multiplication of the number of locks therefore allows, for equivalent support efforts, to significantly reduce the height of the locks and, therefore, the risk of fracturing of the concrete coating.
En pratique, la hauteur des verrous, c'est-à-dire l'écart entre le niveau des faces en relief 21 et celui du fond 31 des rainures 3, ne devra pas dépasser le quart de l'épaisseur e de la bande et sera, de préférence, comprise entre 0,08 e et 0,25 e.In practice, the height of the locks, that is to say the difference between the level of the raised faces 21 and that of the bottom 31 of the
De plus, comme les verrous ont une longueur sensiblement égale à la largeur de la bande, les flancs de raccordement 22,23 ont aussi la forme de rectangles allongés, de largeur très faible par rapport à leur longueur.In addition, since the locks have a length substantially equal to the width of the band, the connecting
Les faces d'appui ainsi constituées permettent donc, d'une part, de réduire les efforts individuels de butée appliqués par chaque verrou sur le béton d'enrobage et, d'autre part, de répartir ces efforts sur toute la largeur de la bande.The bearing faces thus formed thus make it possible, on the one hand, to reduce the individual abutment forces applied by each latch on the coating concrete and, on the other hand, to distribute these forces over the entire width of the strip. .
Dans le mode de réalisation illustré par les
Comme indiqué plus haut, dans la technique ancienne décrite dans le document
Dans l'invention, en revanche, du fait que les verrous 2'2' sont ménagés sur les deux faces 10,10' de la bande et qu'ils ont une très faible hauteur, l'épaisseur de la partie active résistant aux efforts de traction reste du même ordre que l'épaisseur nominale de la barre d'armature et est pratiquement conservée sur toute sa longueur, dans le sens d'application d l'effort de traction.In the invention, on the other hand, because the latches 2 '2' are formed on the two faces 10, 10 'of the strip and they have a very small height, the thickness of the active part resistant to the forces traction remains of the same order as the nominal thickness of the bar reinforcement and is practically preserved throughout its length, in the direction of application of the tensile force.
Il est à noter que, pour plus de clarté, on a donné une hauteur maximale aux verrous représentés sur les
Comme le montre schématiquement la
Il est à noter que, comme le montrent les deux schémas de la
Etant donné que les verrous 2 sont rectilignes et s'étendent pratiquement sur toute la largeur I de la bande 1, chacun desdits verrous 2 exerce sur le béton, par sa face antérieure 22, des efforts d'appui dirigés suivant un plan moyen P incliné de l'angle α1 par rapport à la face large 10 de la barre 1.Since the
De même, chacun des verrous 2' de la face inférieure 10' de la bande 1 exerce sur le béton, par sa face antérieure 22', des efforts d'appui qui sont dirigés suivant un plan moyen P' incliné d'un angle α'1 par rapport à la face inférieure 10' de la bande 1.Similarly, each of the latches 2 'of the lower face 10' of the
Ainsi, lorsqu'une barre d'armature en forme de bande 1 est soumise à un effort de traction T, l'ensemble des rainures parallèles 2, 2' ménagées respectivement sur ses deux faces larges 10, 10' de cette bande 1, exerce sur le béton d'enrobage des efforts d'appui dirigés sensiblement suivant deux séries de plans parallèles P, P' inclinés symétriquement par rapport aux deux faces 10,10' de la bande 1.Thus, when a strip-shaped reinforcing
De plus, en raison du profil trapézoïdal des verrous 2 et des rainures 3, les flancs inclinés 22, 22' des rainures 2, 2' qui s'étendent pratiquement sur toute la largeur de la bande, ont une hauteur sensiblement constante, de telle sorte que les efforts appliqués par chaque verrou sur le béton, lorsque la barre est soumise à une traction, sont répartis uniformément sur toute la longueur du verrou, c'est-à-dire sur toute la largeur de la barre 1.In addition, because of the trapezoidal profile of the
En outre, comme chaque barre présente, en section transversale à son axe, un profil rectangulaire de faible épaisseur par rapport à sa largeur, la projection des verrous dans le sens longitudinal de l'effort de traction, qui correspond à la contrainte transmise par la barre au béton, peut s'étendre sur au moins 75% du périmètre de la barre, calculé à partir de la section nominale de celle-ci. Il en résulte un moindre risque de cisaillement du joint.In addition, as each bar has, in cross section on its axis, a rectangular profile of small thickness relative to its width, the projection of the locks in the longitudinal direction of the tensile force, which corresponds to the stress transmitted by the concrete bar, may extend over at least 75% of the perimeter of the bar, calculated from the nominal section of the bar. This results in a lower risk of shearing the joint.
Par ailleurs, l'écartement longitudinal des plans moyens P,P' des efforts d'appui sur le béton correspond, sur chaque face 10,10' de la bande, au pas réduit c d'espacement des verrous allongés 2,2' qui, comme indiqué plus haut, est inférieur à la moitié de la largeur de la bande 1. De ce fait, les contraintes de butée qui s'exercent suivant deux directions inclinées symétriquement de part et d'autre du plan moyen de la bande, le long des deux séries de plans parallèles P,P', peu écartés les uns des autres, se répartissent donc de façon sensiblement uniforme sur toute la largeur et toute la longueur de la barre 1.Moreover, the longitudinal spacing of the average planes P, P 'of the support forces on the concrete corresponds, on each
Cette répartition uniforme des contraintes de butée dans l'ensemble de la gaine de béton entourant la barre favorise, à partir d'un effort limite de traction, la formation progressive d'un ensemble de microfissures dont l'ouverture reste acceptable et, en cas d'accroissement de l'effort de traction, le nombre de ces microfissures augmente, ce qui permet d'éviter leur localisation en macrofissures d'ouverture préjudiciable.This uniform distribution of the abutment stresses in the entire concrete sheath surrounding the bar promotes, from a tensile stress limit, the gradual formation of a set of microcracks whose opening remains acceptable and, in case Increasing the tensile force, the number of these microcracks increases, which avoids their location in macrofissures opening damaging.
Cette uniformisation, le long d'une barre d'armature tendue, de la répartition des efforts d'appui sur le béton permet donc de répartir également, sur une plus grande longueur, la mise en tension du béton et, par conséquent, le risque de fissuration. De ce fait, lorsque l'effort de traction transmis au béton dépasse la résistance de celui-ci, cet effort pourra se répartir sur une certaine longueur de la barre en formant progressivement des fissures multiples de faible largeur, permettant d'éviter un élargissement excessif d'une fissure localisée.This standardization, along a tensioned reinforcing bar, of the distribution of the support forces on the concrete thus makes it possible to distribute, also over a greater length, the stressing of the concrete and, consequently, the risk cracking. Therefore, when the traction force transmitted to the concrete exceeds the resistance thereof, this effort can be spread over a certain length of the bar gradually forming multiple cracks of small width, to prevent excessive expansion of a localized crack.
Par ailleurs, comme indiqué plus haut, les verrous 2' de la face inférieure 10' de la barre, sont décalés d'un demi-pas par rapport aux verrous 2 de la face supérieure 10 et sont donc placés sensiblement au droit des rainures 3 entre ceux-ci. Il en résulte que la section transversale de métal sur laquelle est appliqué l'effort de traction T reste sensiblement constante sur toute la longueur de la bande qui participe donc en totalité à la résistance alors que la résistance d'une barre d'armature classique à section circulaire doit être calculée uniquement en fonction de son diamètre nominal, sans tenir compte du volume de métal correspondant aux parties d'ancrage.Furthermore, as indicated above, the latches 2 'of the lower face 10' of the bar, are offset by a half-step relative to the
Il est à noter, en outre, que la réalisation de verrous et de rainures allongés s'étendant sur toute la largeur de la bande permet de conserver tous les avantages apportés par l'utilisation d'une bande plate comme barre d'armature.It should be noted, moreover, that the realization of elongated locks and grooves extending over the entire width of the strip makes it possible to retain all the advantages provided by the use of a flat strip as a reinforcing bar.
En particulier, du fait que le périmètre d'une barre plate à section rectangulaire correspond à environ 1,5 fois la circonférence d'une barre ronde de même section transversale, l'utilisation, comme armatures, de barres plates munies, selon l'invention, de verrous allongés rapprochés les uns des autres, permet d'augmenter la liaison d'adhérence sur les faces en relief 21 des verrous 2 et les fonds 31 des rainures 3.In particular, because the perimeter of a flat bar with a rectangular section corresponds to about 1.5 times the circumference of a round bar of the same cross-section, the use, as reinforcements, of flat bars provided, according to the In the invention, elongate locks brought closer to each other makes it possible to increase the adhesion bond on the raised faces 21 of the
D'autre part, il est connu que, dans une barre ronde munie de verrous circulaires en saillie, les brusques variations de section de la matière peuvent entraîner une certaine fragilité au pliage de la barre. En revanche, l'utilisation de barres d'armature selon l'invention, comportant un grand nombre de verrous peu écartés et de faible hauteur, permet de réduire ce risque de fragilisation au pliage de la barre, par exemple pour former des crosses d'ancrage aux extrémités ou bien pour adapter le profil de la barre à la forme de la pièce ou à la répartition des contraintes dans la pièce en béton.On the other hand, it is known that, in a round bar provided with protruding circular locks, abrupt section variations of the material can cause a certain fragility when folding the bar. On the other hand, the use of reinforcing bars according to the invention, comprising a large number of loosely spaced and low height locks, makes it possible to reduce this risk of embrittlement when the bar is bent, for example to form sticks. anchoring at the ends or to adapt the profile of the bar to the shape of the part or the distribution of the stresses in the concrete part.
Cependant, comme les verrous 2 et les rainures 3 s'étendent pratiquement sur toute la largeur l de la bande, leurs extrémités risquent de former des angles vifs dangereux pour la manutention de la barre et pouvant faciliter une fissuration du béton lors de la mise en tension de la barre.However, since the
C'est pourquoi, comme le montrent les dessins, les verrous 2 et les rainures 3 ne s'étendent transversalement que sur une largeur un peu inférieure à celle de la bande plate 1, de façon à laisser, le long de chacun des deux bords latéraux de celle-ci, un méplat lisse 12 ayant une faible largeur, par exemple de l'ordre de 0,2 e, e étant l'épaisseur de la bande au niveau de chacun de ses cotés 11.This is why, as shown in the drawings, the
Dans le mode de réalisation des
Il en est donc de même des plans P,P' dans lesquels sont situés, comme précédemment, les efforts d'appui exercés par l'ensemble des verrous 2,2' sur le béton d'enrobage.It is therefore the same planes P, P 'in which are located, as before, the support forces exerted by all
De la sorte, comme le montrent les
L'angle d'inclinaison β des verrous peut être le même sur les deux faces 10, 10' qui sont alors munies de verrous parallèles 2, 2'qui, comme précédemment, peuvent être décalés d'un demi-pas, de façon que chaque verrou sur une face corresponde à une rainure sur l'autre face.The angle of inclination β of the locks may be the same on the two faces 10, 10 'which are then provided with
Cependant, dans un autre mode de réalisation encore plus avantageux et représenté en vue de dessus sur la
Comme précédemment, les verrous inclinés 2,2' et les rainures 3,3' sont arrêtées à une faible distance des bords latéraux de la bande 1, afin de ménager, le long de chacun des cotés et sur chaque face 10,10' de la bande 1, un méplat lisse 12,12' ayant une faible largeur, de l'ordre de 0,2 e.As before, the
Par ailleurs, comme le montre la
L'invention couvre également un procédé original de réalisation de telles barres plates crantées, à partir d'un fil machine du commerce ou, plus généralement, d'une barre lisse à section circulaire.The invention also covers an original method for producing such flat bar bars, from a commercial wire rod or, more generally, a smooth bar with a circular section.
Dans ce procédé, comme le montre schématiquement la
De préférence, les empreintes 51 et les dents 52 ménagées sur la périphérie de chacun des rouleaux 5, 5' ne s'étendent pas sur la totalité de la largeur de ceux-ci, afin de laisser, à leurs extrémités, des parties lisses 53, 53' pour la formation des méplats 12,12' le long des bords latéraux de chacune des deux faces 10,10' de la bande 1.Preferably, the
Par ailleurs, pour faciliter la mise en place du béton dans les rainures 3 et éviter des angles vifs aux extrémités des verrous 2, les empreintes 51 et les dents 52 ménagées sur la périphérie des rouleaux de laminage 5,5', ont une section trapézoïdale, en long comme en travers, de façon que, sur chacune des faces 10,10' de la bande 1, les verrous 2 se raccordent, à chaque extrémité, au méplat 12 correspondant, par une face inclinée 24, de même que les rainures 3 qui se terminent, à chaque extrémité, par une face inclinée 34 (
De telles barres d'armature crantées munies, sur leurs faces larges, de verrous et de rainures parallèles à profil en travers trapézoïdal, permettent de conserver tous les avantages apportés par l'utilisation de barres d'armature plates pour la réalisation d'une cage de ferraillage, par exemple de la façon décrite dans le document
La
Selon l'invention, les barres longitudinales 71 s'étendant le long de la face tendue 61, sont constituées de bandes plates crantées du type décrit précédemment, comportant, sur chaque face large, une série de verrous d'ancrage parallèles séparés par des rainures. Toutefois, les fers plats transversaux 71' ainsi que les étriers en forme de bande ondulée 73 peuvent encore être facilement soudés sur les faces en relief planes 21 des verrous allongés 2, en raison du profil trapézoïdal et de la faible largeur de ces derniers.According to the invention, the
D'ailleurs, la disposition des
Bien entendu, l'invention ne se limite pas aux modes de réalisation décrits ci-dessus à titre de simples exemples mais couvre également toutes les variantes utilisant des moyens équivalents et restant dans le même cadre de protection.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above as simple examples but also covers all variants using equivalent means and remaining in the same protective frame.
En particulier, s'il est avantageux que les verrous 2,2' soient écartés d'un pas constant c, le long de chaque face 10,10' d'une barre 1, il serait possible, dans certains cas, de régler la répartition des empreintes 51 et des dents 52 sur la périphérie des rouleaux de laminage 5,5' afin de faire varier périodiquement les écartements des verrous d'ancrage. Par exemple, on pourrait ainsi réaliser, sur chaque face 10, 10' de la bande 1, une alternance de zones de blocage munies de verrous et de zones laissées lisses, de la façon décrite en détail dans le document
D'autre part, les verrous allongés 2,2' ménagés sur les deux faces de la bande, ne s'étendent pas nécessairement en ligne droite entre les deux cotés 11 a,11 b de la bande 1.On the other hand, the elongate latches 2.2 'formed on the two faces of the strip, do not necessarily extend in a straight line between the two
La
La partie inférieure de la
Par ailleurs, il est plus avantageux que les flancs des verrous soient rectilignes, de façon que les efforts d'appui s'exercent suivant une succession de plans parallèles, mais on pourrait aussi réaliser des verrous ondulés.Furthermore, it is more advantageous for the flanks of the bolts to be rectilinear, so that the support forces are exerted in a succession of parallel planes, but it would also be possible to make wavy locks.
En outre, s'il est préférable de soumettre un fer rond à deux passes de laminage successives, de la façon représentée sur la
Enfin, le rainurage des faces larges de la bande pourrait être supprimé à certains endroits et sur une faible longueur, par exemple pour le marquage de la barre.Finally, the grooving of the broad faces of the strip could be removed in some places and on a short length, for example for marking the bar.
Claims (18)
- A reinforcing bar with improved adherence for a reinforced concrete component, consisting in a shaped metal piece (1) extending in a longitudinal direction, having the form of a flattened strip of substantially rectangular cross-section, with two opposite wide faces (10, 10') extending between two lateral sides (11, 11') and including a plurality of projecting anchoring portions which are longitudinally separated from each other and bearing on the concrete in a direction opposite to a tensile force applied to the bar (1),
so that each of the two wide faces (10, 10') of the strip is provided with a series of anchoring portions in the form of elongated locks (2, 2') separated from each other by hollow portions (3, 3') in the form of grooves and extending transversally over the whole width of the strip (1), substantially up to the lateral sides (11, 11') thereof, and each of said elongated locks (2) extends in projection over a small height, not exceeding a quarter of the thickness of the strip (1), and has, in cross-section, a substantially trapezoidal profile, with an embossed face (21) of small width with respect to its length and two inclined flanks (22, 23) for connection with the elongated bottom (31, 31') of the adjacent grooves (3, 3') that constitute, for each lock (2), two inclined faces (22, 23) that bear, each in one direction, on the coating concrete, said inclined faces (22, 23) each having an elongated shape extending between the two sides of the strip (1), so as to distribute the bearing forces over all the width thereof, characterized in that, on each of the wide faces (10,10') of strip (1), the elongated locks (2, 2') extend up to a short distance from each of lateral edges (11a, 11b) of strip (1), in order to create a smooth flat (12) of low width along each of said sides (11, 11'). - The reinforcing bar according to claim 1, characterized in that, on each face (10, 10') of the strip (1), the elongated locks (2, 2') are spaced apart from each other by a constant pitch (c) that does not exceed half the width (I) of the strip (1).
- The reinforcing bar according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that, on each face (10, 10') of the strip (1), the embossed faces (21, 21') of the elongated locks (2, 2') have a width lower than half the width (l) of the strip (1).
- The reinforcing bar according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the elongated locks (2, 2') extend transversally in directions inclined by a non-zero angle with respect to a longitudinal axis of each face (10, 10') of the strip (1).
- The reinforcing bar according to claim 4, characterized in that the elongated locks (2, 2') formed on the two faces (10, 10'), respectively, of the strip (1) are symmetrically inclined, in opposite directions, with respect to the longitudinal axis X', X of the strip (1).
- The reinforcing bar according to one of claims 4 and 5, characterized in that, on each face (10, 10') of the strip (1), the elongated locks (2, 2') are parallel and inclined by an angle β comprised between 35° and 75°.
- The reinforcing bar according to claim 3, characterized in that the anchoring locks (2, 2') formed on each wide face (10, 10') of the strip (1) have the shape of imbricated V-shaped chevrons, with two rectilinear portions symmetrically inclined on either side of a longitudinal axis (X', X) of the strip (1).
- The reinforcing bar according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the anchoring locks (2, 2') formed on each wide face (10, 10') of the strip (1) have a corrugated shape, symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis (X', X) of the strip (1).
- The reinforcing bar according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the flats (12) formed along the two lateral edges (11, 11'), respectively, of the strip (1), on each of wide faces (10, 10') thereof, have a width of the order of 0.2 e, e being the average thickness of the strip.
- The reinforcing bar according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, on each wide face (10, 10') of the strip (1), the embossed faces (21) of the locks (2) and the bottoms (31) of the grooves (3) are located in two parallel planes, respectively, extending on either side of a mean plane Q of the wide face (10), in which are placed the two flats (12a, 12b) extending along the two lateral edges (11 a, 11b), respectively, of the strip (1).
- The reinforcing bar according to claim 10, characterized in that the two planes in which are located the embossed faces (21) of the locks (2) and the bottoms (31) of the grooves (3), respectively, are spaced apart by a height h that can be from 0.08 e to 0.24 e, e being the average thickness of the strip (1).
- The reinforcing bar according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connection flanks (22, 23) between the embossed faces (21) of the locks and the bottom (31) of the corresponding grooves (3) are inclined by an angle α of at least 45°, with respect to a plane in which said embossed faces (21) are placed.
- The reinforcing bar according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchoring locks (2) are longitudinally spaced by a pitch (c) comprised between one and three times the average thickness e of the strip (1).
- A reinforcing cage (7) for a reinforced concrete component (6) including two webs of reinforcing bars connected by stirrups and extending at a small distance of coating from two spaced-apart facings (61, 62), respectively, of spaced faces of the component (6), characterized in that at least one of the two webs of the cage consist in bars (71) with improved adherence according to one of the preceding claims, and in that the stirrups are formed of flat metal strips (73), alternately welded on the embossed faces (21) of the anchoring locks (2) of said improved-bond bars (71).
- A method of producing a reinforcing bar according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it is firstly made a metal bar (1) in the form of a flattened strip with two opposite wide faces (10, 10') and centred on a longitudinal axis (x' x), and in that said strip (1) is subjected to a rolling pass between two cylinders (5, 5') rotating about axes (50, 50') parallel to each other and orthogonal to the longitudinal axis (x' x) of the strip (1), said cylinders (5, 5') being provided, over their periphery, with spaced-apart recesses (51), for the formation, by rolling, of elongated locks (2) separated by parallel grooves (3), on each of the two wide faces (10, 10') of the strip (1).
- The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the two rolling cylinders (5, 5') are each provided, over their periphery, with an alternation of recesses (51) and teeth (52) intended to form the locks (2) and the grooves (3), respectively, on each of the wide faces (10, 10') of the strip (1) and extending between two smooth portions (53) for the formation of two flats (12) along the two lateral sides (11 a, 11b) of the strip (1).
- The method according to one of claims 15 and 16, characterized in that the recesses (51) for the formation of the locks (2) are regularly spaced apart along the periphery of each of the rolling cylinders (5, 5').
- The method according to one of claims 15 and 16, characterized in that the recesses (51) are distributed along the periphery of each of the rolling cylinders (5, 5') so as to periodically vary the spacing of the locks (2) obtained on each wide face (10, 10') of the strip (1).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1254556A FR2990710B1 (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2012-05-18 | ARMATURE BAR WITH IMPROVED ADHERENCE |
PCT/FR2013/051097 WO2013171437A1 (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2013-05-17 | Improved-grip reinforcing bar and method of producing same |
Publications (2)
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EP2850259A1 EP2850259A1 (en) | 2015-03-25 |
EP2850259B1 true EP2850259B1 (en) | 2016-08-24 |
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EP13729991.3A Active EP2850259B1 (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2013-05-17 | Improved-grip reinforcing bar and method of producing the same |
Country Status (8)
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US (1) | US20150135629A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2850259B1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2850259T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2604470T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2990710B1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2850259T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT2850259T (en) |
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FR3035129B1 (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2019-05-10 | Societe Civile De Brevets Matiere | PROCESS FOR MAKING REINFORCED ARMATURES |
GB2538514A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2016-11-23 | Bekaert Sa Nv | A masonry reinforcement structure comprising reinforcement wires provided with ribs |
CN109854939A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-06-07 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of 3D printing reinforcement ripple interlayer cylinder |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2246578A (en) * | 1939-02-24 | 1941-06-24 | Salardi Albert Bernhard De | Trussed structural member and method of and means for its manufacture |
EP0621380A1 (en) * | 1993-04-20 | 1994-10-26 | Sollac | Metal reinforcement for the reinforcement of concrete structures, and process and device for making the same |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US925750A (en) * | 1908-11-13 | 1909-06-22 | Elie Cannes | Concrete-reinforcing bar. |
US1169811A (en) * | 1914-10-09 | 1916-02-01 | John F Havemeyer | Reinforcing-bar for concrete. |
US1280046A (en) * | 1918-06-10 | 1918-09-24 | Werner Kuhne | Reinforcing-bar. |
FR765943A (en) * | 1933-03-14 | 1934-06-18 | Improvements to reinforcements for reinforced concrete beams | |
US2552364A (en) * | 1946-06-10 | 1951-05-08 | Sheffield Steel Corp | Reinforcing bar or rod |
FR1194229A (en) * | 1957-04-20 | 1959-11-06 | ||
NL301121A (en) * | 1962-11-29 | |||
US3430406A (en) * | 1963-05-06 | 1969-03-04 | Laclede Steel Co | Reinforcing mat for use in constructing continuously reinforced concrete slabs |
US3561185A (en) * | 1968-02-12 | 1971-02-09 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag | Armoring and stressing rod for concrete |
FR2325778A1 (en) * | 1975-09-26 | 1977-04-22 | Vidal Henri | REINFORCEMENT FOR WORK IN ARMED EARTH |
AU683311B2 (en) * | 1993-10-22 | 1997-11-06 | Terre Armee Internationale | Strip for use in stabilised earth structures |
FR2814480B1 (en) * | 2000-09-26 | 2008-10-17 | Soc Civ D Brevets Matiere | REINFORCING CAGE FOR AN ARMED CONCRETE ELEMENT |
US7003898B2 (en) * | 2002-02-19 | 2006-02-28 | Aaron James F | Lumber sticker |
FR2939459B1 (en) | 2008-12-09 | 2020-08-14 | Soc Civ De Brevets Matiere | PROCESS FOR MAKING A PART IN REINFORCED CONCRETE AND PART THUS REALIZED |
-
2012
- 2012-05-18 FR FR1254556A patent/FR2990710B1/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-05-17 PT PT137299913T patent/PT2850259T/en unknown
- 2013-05-17 PL PL13729991T patent/PL2850259T3/en unknown
- 2013-05-17 EP EP13729991.3A patent/EP2850259B1/en active Active
- 2013-05-17 WO PCT/FR2013/051097 patent/WO2013171437A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-05-17 ES ES13729991.3T patent/ES2604470T3/en active Active
- 2013-05-17 DK DK13729991.3T patent/DK2850259T3/en active
- 2013-05-17 US US14/401,924 patent/US20150135629A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2246578A (en) * | 1939-02-24 | 1941-06-24 | Salardi Albert Bernhard De | Trussed structural member and method of and means for its manufacture |
EP0621380A1 (en) * | 1993-04-20 | 1994-10-26 | Sollac | Metal reinforcement for the reinforcement of concrete structures, and process and device for making the same |
Also Published As
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ES2604470T3 (en) | 2017-03-07 |
EP2850259A1 (en) | 2015-03-25 |
PT2850259T (en) | 2016-12-06 |
US20150135629A1 (en) | 2015-05-21 |
FR2990710A1 (en) | 2013-11-22 |
FR2990710B1 (en) | 2015-02-20 |
WO2013171437A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
PL2850259T3 (en) | 2017-03-31 |
DK2850259T3 (en) | 2016-12-19 |
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