EP2828445A2 - A method for mounting facing slabs to a base and an adjustable distance stabilizer for mounting the slabs to the base - Google Patents
A method for mounting facing slabs to a base and an adjustable distance stabilizer for mounting the slabs to the baseInfo
- Publication number
- EP2828445A2 EP2828445A2 EP12809366.3A EP12809366A EP2828445A2 EP 2828445 A2 EP2828445 A2 EP 2828445A2 EP 12809366 A EP12809366 A EP 12809366A EP 2828445 A2 EP2828445 A2 EP 2828445A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- base
- mounting
- bolt
- slabs
- mounting disk
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011093 chipboard Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/0801—Separate fastening elements
- E04F13/0832—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements
- E04F13/0853—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements adjustable perpendicular to the wall
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/0801—Separate fastening elements
- E04F13/0803—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements
- E04F13/0805—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements with additional fastening elements between furring elements and the wall
- E04F13/0807—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements with additional fastening elements between furring elements and the wall adjustable perpendicular to the wall
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
- E04F15/02044—Separate elements for fastening to an underlayer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
- F16B5/02—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread
- F16B5/0216—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread the position of the plates to be connected being adjustable
- F16B5/0233—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread the position of the plates to be connected being adjustable allowing for adjustment perpendicular to the plane of the plates
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for mounting facing slabs (plates, boards) to a base and to an adjustable distance stabilizer for mounting the slabs to the base.
- mounting slabs with plaster glue requires special preparation of a base by cleaning it up and - in many cases - grounding with an appropriate preparation.
- a surface should be wetted and one must wait a while before coating with glue.
- glue itself must be adequately prepared (mixed with water) earlier.
- the glue should not be prepared in excess, because it would congeal before finishing applying it. Drying time for plaster glue is at least 30 minutes and therefore mounting the slabs in this way is very laborious and time-consuming.
- polyurethane glue is, among others, that it is fast- bonding glue, which does not allow a correction of setting of the slabs on the base already in a moment after fastening them.
- polyurethane glues are rigid, and so, in the situation when deforming base transfers stresses to glue, it causes bulge or cracking of the slabs.
- a method for mounting facing slabs to a base and an adjustable distance stabilizer for mounting the slabs to the base according to the invention eliminate disadvantages of the solutions known from the art. They allow simple and uncomplicated mounting the slabs to the base by an unqualified person. Moreover, the method and the stabilizer may be used for a very irregular base, providing leveling its irregularity in an easy way, and at the same time without reducing room area too much.
- the solution according to the present invention is resistant to aging and dampness, allows stable and reliable mounting of the slabs. It doesn't require any special preparation of the base or components for mounting. A correction of the distance of the slabs from the base may be done in a simple way at any moment after mounting the slabs.
- the stabilizer according to the invention may be manufactured from recycled materials, which reduces environmental pollution and reduces manufacturing costs.
- a method of mounting facing slabs to a base comprises: drilling holes in the base, placing wall plugs in the holes, screwing adjustable distance stabilizers including a mounting disk and bolt into the wall plugs, adjusting the distance of the mounting disk from the base by means of the bolt, and mounting the slabs to the stabilizers by means of screws.
- nuts of the stabilizers are tightened up.
- the holes in which the wall plugs are placed are drilled in the base every 40 cm.
- the distance of the mounting disks in relation to the base is adjusted in the range of up to 4 cm.
- the bolt is replaced with a bolt of different length.
- the base is a wall, floor, ceiling of a room or a facade of a building.
- the facing slab is a plasterboard, OSB plate or chipboard.
- An adjustable distance stabilizer for mounting slabs to a base according to the invention includes a mounting disk and a bolt with a lock-nut, the mounting disk being mounted at the end of the bolt.
- the mounting disk is mounted at the end of the bolt by means of a stabilizing washer and the lock-nut.
- a washer is at the head end of the bolt.
- a there is a recess is in the mounting disk, in which recess the head of the bolt is fitted.
- a second washer and a nut are placed at that end of the bolt which is screwed into a wall plug, at an outlet of the wall plug.
- the mounting disk is round, square, hexagonal.
- the bolt is exchangeable with bolts of different lengths.
- the mounting disk is made of wood, wood-like material, plastic or metal sheet.
- the bolt is made of metal or plastic.
- Fig. 1 is a top view of an adjustable distance stabilizer according to the invention
- Fig. 2 is a side view of an adjustable distance stabilizer according to the invention
- Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 schematically show a method for mounting slabs to a base, respectively in a general view and a cross-section.
- an adjustable distance stabilizer for mounting slabs to a base includes a mounting disk 1 and a bolt 2 with a lock-nut 4, the mounting disk 1 being mounted at the end of the bolt 2.
- the mounting disk 1 is mounted at the end of the bolt 2 by means of a stabilizing washer 3 and the lock-nut 4.
- a washer 6 is at the head 5 end of the bolt 2.
- a second washer 9 and a nut 10 is placed at that end of the bolt 2 which is screwed in a wall plug 8, at an outlet of the wall plug 8.
- the mounting disk 1 is round. However, it may be square or hexagonal as well.
- the bolt 2 is exchangeable with bolts of different lengths, as shown in Fig. 3.
- the mounting disk 1 may be made of wood, wood-like material, plastic, sheet, and the bolt 2 may be made of metal or plastic.
- the facing slabs 12, e.g. plasterboards, OSB plates or chipboards accordingly to the invention are mounted to the base 11, which may be a wall, floor, ceiling of a room or building facade, in such a way that holes are drilled in the base 1 1, the wall plugs 8 are placed in the holes, the adjustable distance stabilizers la including the mounting disk 1 and the bolt 2 are screwed in the wall plugs 8, the distance of the mounting disk 1 from the base 1 1 is adjusted by means of the bolt 2, after which the slabs 12 are mounted to the stabilizers la by means of screws 13. After adjustment of the distance of the mounting disks 1 from the base 11, the nuts 10 of the stabilizers la are tightened up.
- the base 11 may be a wall, floor, ceiling of a room or building facade
- the holes in which the wall plugs 8 are placed preferably are drilled in the base 11 every 40 cm.
- the distance of the mounting disks 1 in relation to the base 11 can be adjusted in the range of up to 4 cm. If necessary, the bolt 2 may be replaced with a bolt of different length.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
- Connection Of Plates (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for mounting facing slabs to a base, wherein holes are drilled in the base (11), wall plugs (8) are placed in the holes, adjustable distance stabilizers (la) including a mounting disk (1) and a bolt (2) are screwed in the wall plugs (8), the distance of the mounting disk (1) from the base (11) is adjusted by means of the bolt (2), after which the slabs (12) are mounted to the stabilizers (la) by means of screws (13). The invention also relates to an adjustable distance stabilizer for mounting slabs to a base, including a mounting disk (1) and a bolt (2) with a lock-nut (4), the mounting disk (1) being mounted at the end of the bolt (2).
Description
A method for mounting facing slabs to a base and an adjustable distance stabilizer for mounting the slabs to the base
The invention relates to a method for mounting facing slabs (plates, boards) to a base and to an adjustable distance stabilizer for mounting the slabs to the base.
Different methods for fastening plasterboards, OSB plates, chipboards and other types of slabs to a base such as floors, walls, ceilings or building facade are known from the state of the art.
Different methods for fastening slabs to a base are known in building engineering. Gluing the slabs is known with plaster glue and polyurethane glue or mounting the slabs on a support frame. However, the known techniques have some inconveniences.
As an example, mounting slabs with plaster glue requires special preparation of a base by cleaning it up and - in many cases - grounding with an appropriate preparation. For improving adhesion of glue in the case of coarse or starved walls, a surface should be wetted and one must wait a while before coating with glue. Also glue itself must be adequately prepared (mixed with water) earlier. Moreover, the glue should not be prepared in excess, because it would congeal before finishing applying it. Drying time for plaster glue is at least
30 minutes and therefore mounting the slabs in this way is very laborious and time-consuming.
Inconvenience of polyurethane glue is, among others, that it is fast- bonding glue, which does not allow a correction of setting of the slabs on the base already in a moment after fastening them. Furthermore, polyurethane glues are rigid, and so, in the situation when deforming base transfers stresses to glue, it causes bulge or cracking of the slabs.
The above mentioned methods of fastening slabs to a base with glue allow to level only small irregularities of the base. They do not allow to mount the slabs to ceilings or to correct the distance of the slabs from the base after the glue congeals. Moreover, glues age and crumble as time goes by, and also they are not resistant to dampness.
Mounting the slabs on a support frame is applied in the case of need of leveling large irregularities of walls. However, the support frame causes quite considerable reduction of room area after fastening the slabs on it. Furthermore, this method is laborious and particula some skill is required from a person performing the mounting. Admittedly a correction of the distance of the slabs from the base is possible at any moment after mounting them, but it requires significant amount of work, as leveling the whole support frame is necessary.
A method for mounting facing slabs to a base and an adjustable distance stabilizer for mounting the slabs to the base according to the invention eliminate disadvantages of the solutions known from the art. They allow simple and uncomplicated mounting the slabs to the base by an unqualified person. Moreover, the method and the stabilizer may be used for a very irregular base, providing leveling its irregularity in an easy way, and at the same time without
reducing room area too much. The solution according to the present invention is resistant to aging and dampness, allows stable and reliable mounting of the slabs. It doesn't require any special preparation of the base or components for mounting. A correction of the distance of the slabs from the base may be done in a simple way at any moment after mounting the slabs. Moreover, the stabilizer according to the invention may be manufactured from recycled materials, which reduces environmental pollution and reduces manufacturing costs.
A method of mounting facing slabs to a base according to the invention comprises: drilling holes in the base, placing wall plugs in the holes, screwing adjustable distance stabilizers including a mounting disk and bolt into the wall plugs, adjusting the distance of the mounting disk from the base by means of the bolt, and mounting the slabs to the stabilizers by means of screws.
Preferably, after adjustment of the distance of the mounting disks from the base, nuts of the stabilizers are tightened up.
Preferably, the holes in which the wall plugs are placed, are drilled in the base every 40 cm.
Preferably, the distance of the mounting disks in relation to the base is adjusted in the range of up to 4 cm.
Preferably, the bolt is replaced with a bolt of different length.
Preferably, the base is a wall, floor, ceiling of a room or a facade of a building.
Preferably, the facing slab is a plasterboard, OSB plate or chipboard.
An adjustable distance stabilizer for mounting slabs to a base according to the invention includes a mounting disk and a bolt with a lock-nut, the mounting disk being mounted at the end of the bolt.
Preferably, the mounting disk is mounted at the end of the bolt by means of a stabilizing washer and the lock-nut.
Preferably, a washer is at the head end of the bolt.
Preferably, a there is a recess is in the mounting disk, in which recess the head of the bolt is fitted.
Preferably, a second washer and a nut are placed at that end of the bolt which is screwed into a wall plug, at an outlet of the wall plug.
Preferably, the mounting disk is round, square, hexagonal.
Preferably, the bolt is exchangeable with bolts of different lengths.
Preferably, the mounting disk is made of wood, wood-like material, plastic or metal sheet.
Preferably, the bolt is made of metal or plastic.
The subject of the invention is presented in the drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a top view of an adjustable distance stabilizer according to the invention, Fig. 2 is a side view of an adjustable distance stabilizer according to the invention, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 schematically show a method for mounting slabs to a base, respectively in a general view and a cross-section.
As it is shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, an adjustable distance stabilizer for mounting slabs to a base includes a mounting disk 1 and a bolt 2 with a lock-nut 4, the mounting disk 1 being mounted at the end of the bolt 2. On Fig. 2 it is seen that the mounting disk 1 is mounted at the end of the bolt 2 by means of a
stabilizing washer 3 and the lock-nut 4. A washer 6 is at the head 5 end of the bolt 2. There is a recess 7 in the mounting disk 1, in which recess the head 5 of the bolt 2 is fitted. A second washer 9 and a nut 10 is placed at that end of the bolt 2 which is screwed in a wall plug 8, at an outlet of the wall plug 8. In the embodiment presented in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 the mounting disk 1 is round. However, it may be square or hexagonal as well. The bolt 2 is exchangeable with bolts of different lengths, as shown in Fig. 3. The mounting disk 1 may be made of wood, wood-like material, plastic, sheet, and the bolt 2 may be made of metal or plastic.
In Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 it is shown that the facing slabs 12, e.g. plasterboards, OSB plates or chipboards accordingly to the invention are mounted to the base 11, which may be a wall, floor, ceiling of a room or building facade, in such a way that holes are drilled in the base 1 1, the wall plugs 8 are placed in the holes, the adjustable distance stabilizers la including the mounting disk 1 and the bolt 2 are screwed in the wall plugs 8, the distance of the mounting disk 1 from the base 1 1 is adjusted by means of the bolt 2, after which the slabs 12 are mounted to the stabilizers la by means of screws 13. After adjustment of the distance of the mounting disks 1 from the base 11, the nuts 10 of the stabilizers la are tightened up. The holes in which the wall plugs 8 are placed, preferably are drilled in the base 11 every 40 cm. The distance of the mounting disks 1 in relation to the base 11 can be adjusted in the range of up to 4 cm. If necessary, the bolt 2 may be replaced with a bolt of different length.
Claims
1. A method for mounting facing slabs to a base, characterised in that: holes are drilled in the base (11), wall plugs (8) are placed in the holes, adjustable distance stabilizers (la) including a mounting disk (1) and a bolt (2) are screwed into the wall plugs (8), the distance of the mounting disk (1) from the base (11) is adjusted by means of the bolt (2), after which the slabs (12) are mounted to the stabilizers (la) by means of screws (13).
2. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that after adjustment of the distance of the mounting disks (1) from the base (1 1), nuts (10) of the stabilizers (la) are tightened up.
3. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the holes in which the wall plugs (8) are placed, are drilled in the base (11) every 40 cm.
4. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the distance of the mounting disks (1) in relation to the base (11) is adjusted in the range of up to 4 cm.
5. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the bolt (2) is replaced with a bolt of different length.
6. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the base (1 1) is a wall, floor, ceiling of a room or building facade.
7. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the facing slab (12) is a plasterboard, OSB plate or chipboard.
8. An adjustable distance stabilizer for mounting slabs to a base, characterised in that it includes a mounting disk (1) and a bolt (2) with a lock- nut (4), the mounting disk (1) being mounted at the end of the bolt (2).
9. An adjustable stabilizer according to claim 6, characterised in that the mounting disk (1) is mounted at the end of the bolt (2) by means of a stabilizing washer (3) and the lock-nut (4).
10. An adjustable stabilizer according to claim 6, characterised in that a washer (6) is at the head (5) end of the bolt (2).
1 1. An adjustable stabilizer according to claim 6, characterised in that there is a recess (7) in the mounting disk (1), in which recess a head (5) of the bolt (2) is fitted.
12. An adjustable stabilizer according to claim 6, characterised in that a second washer (9) and a nut (10) is placed at that end of the bolt (2) which is screwed in a wall plug (8), at an outlet of the wall plug (8).
13. An adjustable stabilizer according to claim 6, characterised in that the mounting disk (1) is round, square or hexagonal.
14. An adjustable stabilizer according to claim 6, characterised in that the bolt (2) is exchangeable with bolts of different lengths.
15. An adjustable stabilizer according to claim 6, characterised in that the mounting disk (1) is made of wood, wood-like material, plastic or sheet.
16. An adjustable stabilizer according to claim 6, characterised in that the bolt (2) is made of metal or plastic.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL397132A PL230556B1 (en) | 2011-11-25 | 2011-11-25 | Adjustable distance stabilizer |
PCT/PL2012/000126 WO2013077753A2 (en) | 2011-11-25 | 2012-11-20 | A method for mounting facing slabs to a base and an adjustable distance stabilizer for mounting the slabs to the base |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2828445A2 true EP2828445A2 (en) | 2015-01-28 |
Family
ID=47471974
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12809366.3A Withdrawn EP2828445A2 (en) | 2011-11-25 | 2012-11-20 | A method for mounting facing slabs to a base and an adjustable distance stabilizer for mounting the slabs to the base |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2828445A2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2012341148A1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL230556B1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2014124947A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013077753A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015041553A2 (en) | 2013-09-18 | 2015-03-26 | Atlas Sp. Z O. O. | Self-adjusting regulated stabiliser and method of affixing the self-adjusting regulated stabiliser to surfaces |
WO2018117883A1 (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2018-06-28 | Michno Zbigniew | Self-adjusting stabilizer for installing structural lining and partitions |
CN106931016B (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2023-08-04 | 深圳市创者自动化科技有限公司 | Regulation structure convenient to fixture dismouting |
CN110528811A (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2019-12-03 | 变形积木(北京)装饰工程有限公司 | Wall surface keel quick level adjusting device |
EP3798383A1 (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-03-31 | STO SE & Co. KGaA | Fixing device and method for producing a facade |
CN112681657A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-20 | 深圳市靓源建设集团有限公司 | Outer wall dry hanging structure and dry hanging method |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR789416A (en) * | 1934-05-02 | 1935-10-29 | Method and device for coating walls and fixing objects thereon | |
CH270176A (en) * | 1949-01-10 | 1950-08-31 | Bussola Guido | Suspension device for cladding panels. |
DE2201621A1 (en) * | 1972-01-14 | 1973-07-19 | Hans Hasenkopf | FACADE SUB-CONSTRUCTION |
DE20214093U1 (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2003-01-16 | Kaiser, Horst, Dipl.-Ing., 38551 Ribbesbüttel | Adjusting screw for joining heavy part to wooden or other solid part at a distance from below, comprising insertion area for fixing screw |
DE102006014084A1 (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2007-10-04 | Kurt Kornemann | Device for furring of wood slats, comprises threaded rod of different length, is centrally connected with metal or plastic disk, and metal sleeve is continuous opened with internal thread |
-
2011
- 2011-11-25 PL PL397132A patent/PL230556B1/en unknown
-
2012
- 2012-11-20 EP EP12809366.3A patent/EP2828445A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-11-20 WO PCT/PL2012/000126 patent/WO2013077753A2/en active Application Filing
- 2012-11-20 RU RU2014124947/03A patent/RU2014124947A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-11-20 AU AU2012341148A patent/AU2012341148A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2013077753A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2012341148A1 (en) | 2014-06-05 |
WO2013077753A3 (en) | 2013-10-17 |
PL397132A1 (en) | 2013-05-27 |
WO2013077753A2 (en) | 2013-05-30 |
RU2014124947A (en) | 2015-12-27 |
PL230556B1 (en) | 2018-11-30 |
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