EP2815844A1 - Thickness adjustment for grinding machines - Google Patents
Thickness adjustment for grinding machines Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2815844A1 EP2815844A1 EP20140173250 EP14173250A EP2815844A1 EP 2815844 A1 EP2815844 A1 EP 2815844A1 EP 20140173250 EP20140173250 EP 20140173250 EP 14173250 A EP14173250 A EP 14173250A EP 2815844 A1 EP2815844 A1 EP 2815844A1
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- Prior art keywords
- thickness
- grinding
- workpiece
- finished
- actual
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B7/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B7/20—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground
- B24B7/28—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground for grinding wood
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
- B24B27/0023—Other grinding machines or devices grinding machines with a plurality of working posts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
- B24B27/0076—Other grinding machines or devices grinding machines comprising two or more grinding tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/02—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/12—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving optical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B7/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B7/06—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor involving conveyor belts, a sequence of travelling work-tables or the like
Definitions
- the invention relates to a grinding machine for machining workpieces made of wood, wood composites, plastic, metals and similar materials.
- the invention further relates to a method for grinding a workpiece using the grinding machine according to the invention.
- a generic grinding machine is for example from the European patent specification with the number EP 0 571 343 A1 known.
- the grinding machine has a grinding unit. for grinding a workpiece.
- the actual grinding process is accomplished within the grinding aggregate by a grinding device.
- the grinder has the EP 0 571 343 A1 via a belt grinding device.
- the grinding machine is the EP 0 571 343 A1 characterized by a conveying device which conveys the workpiece by the grinding unit.
- the grinding unit and the conveying device are controlled by a control device.
- the grinding effect is measured here not only from the interaction of grinding unit and conveying device, but also depends on the nature of the workpiece.
- the thickness of the machined, ie ground workpiece from the raw thickness of the workpiece In order to achieve a certain grinding effect, it is therefore necessary to adapt the grinding machine and the grinding process to the raw thickness of the workpiece.
- the grinding machine when operated, for example due to vibrations or due to a varying raw thickness, undesired deviation in the material thicknesses of the machined workpieces can occur, which significantly increases the scrap during the machining of workpieces.
- the object of the invention is to provide a grinding machine with the aid of which the broke can be treated with respect to processed, i. sanded workpieces can be reduced. Further, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method which reduces the amount of machined workpieces using a grinding machine.
- the grinding machine according to the invention for machining workpieces comprises at least one grinding unit for grinding a workpiece, wherein the at least one grinding unit has at least one preferably vertically adjustable grinding device.
- the grinding machine further comprises a conveying device for conveying the workpiece in a direction of passage through the at least one grinding unit, and a control device which is adapted to tune the operation of the at least one grinding unit to a finished dimension desired thickness of the workpiece.
- the term vertical refers to one direction parallel to the thickness direction of the workpiece.
- the finished target thickness is the desired thickness that a workpiece should have after being processed by the grinder.
- the conveying direction of the conveying device can be reversible in order to convey a workpiece against the passage direction.
- the grinding machine according to the invention is characterized in that it further comprises a thickness-matching device which is arranged in the direction of passage after the at least one grinding unit, wherein the thickness-determining device can determine a finished actual thickness of the workpiece processed by the at least one grinding aggregate.
- the grinding machine according to the invention is further characterized in that the control device is further adapted to match the finished dimension actual thickness of the workpiece with the finished dimension target thickness, and to control the operation of the at least one grinding unit such that the finished dimension actual thickness of the finished dimension target thickness is adjusted ,
- the finished actual thickness is the thickness that the workpiece actually has after being processed by the grinding machine.
- a thickness determination device which determines the finished actual thickness of the machined workpiece and a control device which adjusts this finished actual thickness with the finished dimension desired thickness and controls the operation of the grinding aggregate such that the finished actual thickness of the finished dimension target thickness is adjusted makes it possible to compensate for fluctuations in the operation of the grinding machine and in the nature of the unprocessed workpiece directly, whereby the reject can be reduced.
- the thickness determination device and the suitably adapted control device adaptation to changed operating conditions can be made directly during the operation of the grinding machine, without the Machine must be stopped and rebuilt.
- the grinding machine according to the invention enables a continuous and complete monitoring of the machined workpieces, whereby a possible faulty production can be detected and corrected immediately.
- the grinding machine according to the invention further comprises a second thickness determining device, which is arranged in the direction of passage in front of the at least one grinding unit.
- the raw material actual thickness of the unprocessed workpiece can be determined with the second thickness determination device, and the control device is furthermore suitable for matching the raw stock actual thickness of the workpiece to the raw stock target thickness and controlling the operation of the at least one grinding aggregate based on the balance of the raw material.
- Actual thickness to be controlled with the Rohhffy target thickness such that a thickness of the machined by the at least one grinding unit workpiece is adjusted as possible the finished dimension target thickness. This makes it possible to adapt the grinding process to the thickness of the workpiece already before starting the machining of the workpiece. This pre-adjustment can further reduce the scrap.
- the raw material actual thickness is the actual thickness of the workpiece before it is processed by the grinding machine.
- the raw gauge target thickness is the desired thickness of the workpiece before it is machined.
- the grinding machine according to the invention is adapted to cooperate with a pressure bar and to control this on the basis of the measurements of the raw material actual thicknesses and / or finished actual thicknesses.
- control device is also suitable for adapting the finished dimension actual thickness of the workpiece to the finished dimension nominal thickness and the adaptation based on the adjustment of the raw dimension actual thickness the Rohhffy target thickness by issuing a total grinding depth to the at least one grinding unit to accomplish.
- the grinding depth can preferably be accomplished by a method of the grinding device (s) together or individually in the vertical direction or by a change in the contact pressure with which the grinding device (s) are applied by the grinding units to the workpiece.
- the grinding machine is further characterized by comprising a top grinding grinding aggregate which grinds the workpiece at the top of the workpiece and a bottom grinding grinding aggregate which grinds the workpiece at the bottom of the workpiece ,
- Both grinding units, the abrasive grinding machine from above and the abrasive grinding machine from below have a preferably vertically adjustable grinding device.
- the term "top” refers to a position above the workpiece, which is conveyed by the conveyor through the grinding unit.
- the abrading grinding unit is thus arranged above the workpiece and performs a grinding operation at the top of the workpiece.
- bottom The same applies in this context for the term "bottom”:
- the grinding from below grinding unit is arranged below the conveyed by the conveyor by the grinding unit workpiece.
- the sanding grinding unit grinds the workpiece on its underside.
- the total grinding depth is divided in equal parts to a grinding depth of the abrasive grinding machine from above and a grinding depth of the abrasive grinding machine from below.
- the thickness determination device and the second thickness determination device preferably each have at least one sensor pair with an upper sensor, a lower sensor and an evaluation device.
- the lower sensor is arranged in relation to the conveyed by the conveying device workpiece such that it is located below the workpiece.
- the upper sensor is then arranged to be in a direction parallel to the thickness direction of the workpiece above the workpiece and above the lower sensor.
- the upper and lower sensors occupy a predetermined distance from each other.
- Upper and lower sensors are preferably laser optics sensors.
- the upper sensor of a sensor pair is suitable for determining an upper distance from the workpiece
- the lower sensor of a sensor pair is suitable for determining a lower distance from the workpiece.
- Each evaluation device of a sensor pair is also suitable, based on the pair of sensors, to determine a single finished dimension actual thickness or a single raw dimension actual thickness of the workpiece starting from the predetermined distance, the upper distance and the lower distance.
- the thickness of the workpiece preferably results from the difference between the predetermined distance minus the upper distance minus the lower distance.
- control device is also suitable, an average of the individual finished dimension actual thicknesses and / or from to determine the individual raw material actual thicknesses in order to obtain the finished dimension actual thickness and / or the raw stock actual thickness.
- the thickness-determining device and the second thickness-determining device each have n sensor pairs which are distributed uniformly over the working width of the at least one grinding aggregate.
- n is preferably three. This makes it possible to grasp the raw stock actual thickness of the workpiece and / or the finished actual thickness of the workpiece over the entire width of the workpiece, which reduces the susceptibility to errors and thus the rejection of the system.
- This arrangement is also advantageous in an optional control of a pressure beam, since it can also compensate for differences in thickness of the workpiece over the working width (i.e., when a workpiece is skewed with respect to the working width).
- the sensor pairs can be arranged horizontally within the thickness determination device and the second thickness determination device, which makes it possible to adapt the sensor position to the working width.
- each sensor has a measuring range
- the evaluating devices of the sensor pairs are suitable for determining a single finished actual thickness or a single raw dimension actual thickness of the workpiece, if both the upper distance and the lower distance smaller or equal to the measuring range.
- the grinding device (s) of the grinding machine according to the invention are / are oscillating grinding devices, a belt grinding device, disc brushes or grinding rollers.
- the grinding machine further comprises a display device capable of continuously displaying the raw stock actual thickness and the finished actual thickness.
- the display device is adapted to display time average values of the raw stock actual thickness and the finished actual thickness based on the time average of the raw stock actual thickness and the finished actual thickness over a predetermined time interval.
- the display device is adapted to display a message that causes a user to perform an action when the finished actual thickness deviates by a predetermined amount from the finished target thickness and / or the finished actual thickness over a predetermined time interval by a predetermined amount of deviates from the finished dimension target thickness. This not only makes it possible to track the time course of the raw stock actual thickness and the finished actual thickness and to carry out a continuous quality control, it also makes it possible to induce the user of the grinding machine in the event of a malfunction to early intervention.
- the grinding machine may further comprise a warning device capable of displaying a warning when the finished dimension actual thickness deviates from the finished dimension target thickness by a predetermined amount and / or the finished actual thickness over a predetermined time interval deviates a predetermined amount from the finished dimension target thickness.
- the present invention includes a method using the aforementioned grinding machine.
- the method comprises the steps of: determining a finished dimension actual thickness of the workpiece processed by the at least one sanding unit by the thickness determination device; Matching the finished dimension actual thickness of the workpiece with the finished dimension desired thickness by the control device; and controlling the operation of the at least one grinding aggregate by the control device in such a way that the finished dimension actual thickness as a whole is adapted to the finished dimension setpoint thickness.
- the particular advantage of the method lies in the fact that with the exception of the thickness determination device and an adaptation of the control device can be made of the facilities of conventional grinding machines. This makes it possible to reduce the waste in the machining of workpieces cost and uncomplicated.
- the method further comprises the steps of: determining a raw-material actual thickness of the unprocessed workpiece by a second thickness-determining device; Balancing the raw stock actual thickness of the workpiece with the finished dimension target thickness; and controlling the operation of the at least one grinding aggregate by the control device such that a thickness of the workpiece processed by the at least one grinding aggregate is adjusted overall as far as possible to the finished dimension desired thickness.
- the method according to the invention is furthermore preferably characterized in that a total grinding depth is output to the at least one grinding unit for adjusting the finished dimension actual thickness of the workpieces to the finished dimension desired thickness and for adjustment based on the comparison of the raw dimension actual thickness with the raw dimension set thickness ,
- the total grinding depth is preferably divided equally into the grinding depth of the abrading grinding aggregate and the grinding depth of the abrading grinding aggregate.
- the method according to the invention is preferably characterized in that average values are formed from the individual finished dimension actual thicknesses obtained from individual sensor pairs and / or the individual raw dimension actual thicknesses obtained from individual sensor pairs, the actual finished thickness and / or the raw gauge actual thickness to obtain.
- FIG. 1 a grinding machine 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in a schematic sectional view.
- Other modifications mentioned in this context can each be combined with each other to form new embodiments.
- the essential elements of the grinding machine 1 are the grinding units 10, the conveying device 5 and the control device 100. Furthermore, the grinding machine 1 can be mounted on a supporting device, not shown in this view.
- the conveying device 5 conveys a workpiece 2 in a direction of passage R.
- the workpiece 2 is conveyed by the grinding units 10.
- the grinding machine 1 may have a plurality of grinding units 10.
- the grinding units 10 have preferably vertically adjustable grinding devices 12. These grinding devices 12 may comprise an oscillating grinding device, a disc brush, or a grinding roller. It may be advantageous if the conveying device 5 is reversible in its conveying direction, thus to promote a workpiece 2 against the passage direction R. This can not only be of concern in case of malfunctioning of the grinding machine but can also be used to obtain special grinding results.
- a thickness determination device 30 is initially arranged in the direction of passage R downstream of the grinding units 10. The thickness determination device 30 is suitable for determining a finished actual thickness of the workpiece 2 processed by the grinding aggregates 10. This finished dimension actual thickness is input to the controller 100.
- the control device 100 is suitable for matching the finished dimension actual thickness with a finished dimension desired thickness.
- the finished target thickness corresponds to the desired thickness of the workpiece 2, which should have this after the grinding process by the grinding units 10. Based on the comparison of the finished actual thickness with the finished target thickness, the control device 100 controls the grinding units 10. In this case, the control takes place in such a way that the finished dimension actual thickness of the finished dimension desired thickness is adjusted.
- the adaptation can take place by means of a vertical method of the grinding devices 12, a change in the conveying speed and / or a change in the contact pressure with which the grinding devices 12 are applied to the workpiece 2.
- the thickness determining device 30 has a plurality of sensor pairs 33, each comprising a lower sensor 32 and an upper sensor 31. Furthermore, each sensor pair 33 has an evaluation device 34.
- the upper sensor 31 is arranged with respect to the workpiece 2 at a predetermined distance just above the lower sensor 32, so that the workpiece 2 can be conveyed between the upper and the lower sensor.
- the predetermined distance between upper sensor 31 and lower sensor 32 of a sensor pair 33 is parallel to the thickness direction of the workpiece 2.
- the sensors 31, 32 can be of very different types.
- the sensors 31, 32 laser optics sensors.
- the thickness determination device 30 has a plurality of pairs of sensors 33, which are arranged uniformly over the working width b of the grinding machines. Preferred, and how FIG. 3 In addition, provision may be made for the sensor pairs 33 to be arranged so as to be horizontally displaceable in the thickness determination device, whereby, for example, adaptation to the working width of the grinding units can be carried out.
- the upper sensor 31 and the lower sensor 32 are at a (known) predetermined distance. If a workpiece 2 is located between the upper sensor 31 and the lower sensor 32, the lower sensor 32 determines a lower distance (a distance from the lower sensor 32 to the lower side of the workpiece 2) and the upper sensor 31 an upper distance (a distance from the upper Sensor 31 to the top of the workpiece 2). The upper distance and the lower distance are entered into the evaluation unit 34 of the sensor pair 33. Based on the given distance, the upper distance and the lower distance, this evaluation device 34 determines a single finished actual thickness of the workpiece 2. The individual finished dimension actual thickness of the workpiece 2 results from the difference between the given distance minus the upper distance minus the lower distance.
- the individual finished dimension actual thicknesses of the workpiece 2 determined by each sensor pair 33 are input by the evaluation devices 34 into the control device 100. This calculates from these individual finished actual thicknesses of the workpiece 2 by arithmetic averaging the finished dimension actual thickness of the workpiece 2. This finished dimension actual thickness of the workpiece 2 is adjusted by the control device 100 with the finished dimension desired thickness. This information is then used, as mentioned above, to control the grinding units 10.
- the individual finished actual thicknesses can be used without averaging to control a pressure bar.
- Each sensor 31, 32 also has a measuring range, and the evaluation devices 34 are adapted to output a single thickness of the workpiece 2 to the control device 100 only if both the determined lower distance, and the determined upper distance respectively within the measuring ranges of lower sensor 32 and the upper sensor 31 are located. This ensures that, firstly, there is no malfunction of the thickness determination device 30, and second, that only when a single thickness is input into the control device 100 when a workpiece 2 lies between the upper sensors 31 and the lower sensors 32 of a sensor pair 33.
- the grinding machine of the present invention not only have a thickness determining device 30 which is downstream of the grinding units 10 in the direction of passage, but may in a further embodiment rather have a second thickness determining means 40 which lies in the direction of flow R in front of the grinding units 10.
- this second thickness determination device 40 which is otherwise constructed in accordance with the thickness determination device 30, it is now possible to determine one or more individual raw dimension actual thicknesses of the workpiece 2 before the workpiece 2 is processed by the grinding units 10.
- These raw-sheet actual thicknesses are then input to the control device 100, which is suitable for determining therefrom an average value of the raw-material actual thickness of the workpiece 2, and to match this with the raw-material nominal thickness.
- the control device 100 is also set up, the operation of the grinding units 10th based on the balance of the raw dimension and target thicknesses to be controlled so that a thickness of the machined by the grinding units 10 workpiece 2 total as possible corresponds to the finished dimension target thickness.
- each pair of sensors 33 each determines a single raw tube actual thickness, which are then converted by averaging by the control device 100 in the Rohhsted actual thickness.
- the individual raw tube actual thicknesses are in each case determined from the difference between the predetermined distance of a sensor pair 33 minus the upper distance minus the lower distance.
- the sensors 31, 32 also have a measuring range in the raw dimension / actual thickness determination, and the evaluation devices 34 are suitable for outputting a single thickness of the workpiece 2 to the control device 100 only if both the determined lower distance and the determined upper one Distance each within the measuring ranges of the lower sensor 32 and the upper sensor 31 are.
- the individual raw material actual thicknesses can be used without averaging to control a pressure bar.
- control device 100 calculates a total grinding depth from the discrepancy between the finished dimension actual thickness and the finished dimension nominal thickness or raw basic actual thickness and the nominal raw thickness. This total grinding depth can then advantageously be divided equally between the several grinding units 10.
- an abrasive aggregate 10 is a top grinding grinding aggregate 10a while the other grinding unit 10 is a bottom grinding grinding unit 10b.
- the abrading abrading grinding unit 10a has, as in FIG. 2 shown via vertically adjustable grinding devices 12, which are the upper side of the workpiece 2, with respect to the passage direction R of the workpiece 2, held from above.
- the grinding unit 10b which grinds from below, has vertically adjustable grinding devices 12, which are held against the workpiece 2, relative to the direction of passage R, on its underside.
- the abrading grinding aggregate 10a grinds the workpiece 2 at the top thereof
- the abrading grinding aggregate 10b grinds the workpiece 2 at the bottom thereof.
- the term "vertically adjustable” refers to a displacement of the grinding devices 12 in the thickness direction of the workpiece 2 and / or a change in the pressure with which the grinding devices 12 are held against the workpiece 2, whereby the grinding depth can be adjusted. Be as in FIG. 2 1, it is advantageous if the total grinding depth is divided equally between the grinding unit 10a grinding from above and the grinding unit 10b grinding downwards. As a result, the deviations determined, or the corrections required in the grinding depth, can be uniformly distributed over the grinding depth of the two grinding units, as a result of which a uniform removal can be achieved on both sides.
- the grinding machine 1 may further comprise a display device 200. This is particularly suitable for continuously displaying the raw-material actual thickness and the final-dimension actual thickness and also calculating and displaying various time average values of the raw-material actual thickness and the finished-actual thickness based on the time average of both values over a predetermined time interval.
- the display device 200 may be suitable be to indicate a message that causes a user to perform an action when the finished actual thickness deviates by a predetermined amount from the finished target thickness and / or the finished actual thickness over a predetermined time interval by a predetermined amount from the finished target thickness differs.
- the grinding machine may further comprise a warning device which is suitable for issuing a warning in the aforementioned case, which preferably takes place acoustically and / or optically.
- the finished thickness of the machined workpiece 2 is determined using the thickness determining device 30 and, if appropriate, a raw raw thickness of the unprocessed workpiece 2 determined using the second thickness determining device 40
- Finished dimension actual thickness of the workpiece 2 is adjusted by the control device 100 with the finished dimension desired thickness, as well as this is adjusted if necessary, the raw material actual thickness of the workpiece 2 with the raw target nominal thickness. These adjustments are the basis for controlling the operation of the grinding units 10 by the control device 100 such that the finished dimension actual thickness is adjusted in total to the finished dimension desired thickness.
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schleifmaschine zur Bearbeitung von Werkstücken aus Holz, Holzverbundwerkstoffen, Kunststoff, Metallen und ähnlichen Materialien. Die Erfindung betrifft weiter ein Verfahren zum Schleifen eines Werkstücks unter Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Schleifmaschine. Mit Hilfe der Schleifmaschine soll der Ausschuss reduziert werden kann. Die erfindungsgemäße Schleifmaschine ist zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass sie weiterhin eine Dickenstimmungseinrichtung aufweist.The invention relates to a grinding machine for machining workpieces made of wood, wood composites, plastic, metals and similar materials. The invention further relates to a method for grinding a workpiece using the grinding machine according to the invention. With the help of the grinding machine, the rejects can be reduced. The grinding machine according to the invention is characterized in that it furthermore has a thickness-adjusting device.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schleifmaschine zur Bearbeitung von Werkstücken aus Holz, Holzverbundwerkstoffen, Kunststoff, Metallen und ähnlichen Materialien. Die Erfindung betrifft weiter ein Verfahren zum Schleifen eines Werkstücks unter Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Schleifmaschine.The invention relates to a grinding machine for machining workpieces made of wood, wood composites, plastic, metals and similar materials. The invention further relates to a method for grinding a workpiece using the grinding machine according to the invention.
Eine gattungsgemäße Schleifmaschine ist beispielsweise aus der europäischen Patentschrift mit der Nummer
Der Schleifeffekt bemisst sich dabei nicht nur aus dem Zusammenwirken von Schleifaggregat und Förderungseinrichtung, sondern hängt auch von der Beschaffenheit des Werkstücks ab. Insbesondere hängt die Dicke des bearbeiteten, d.h. geschliffenen Werksstücks von der Rohdicke des Werkstücks ab. Um einen gewissen Schleifeffekt zu erzielen, ist es daher notwendig, die Schleifmaschine und den Schleifvorgang auf die Rohdicke des Werkstücks anzupassen. Allerdings kann es bei Betrieb der Schleifmaschine, etwa durch Vibrationen oder durch eine variierende Rohdicke zum Auftreten von unerwünschten Abweichung in den Materialdicken der bearbeiteten Werkstücke kommen, was den Ausschuss bei der Bearbeitung von Werksstücken signifikant erhöht.The grinding effect is measured here not only from the interaction of grinding unit and conveying device, but also depends on the nature of the workpiece. In particular, the thickness of the machined, ie ground workpiece from the raw thickness of the workpiece. In order to achieve a certain grinding effect, it is therefore necessary to adapt the grinding machine and the grinding process to the raw thickness of the workpiece. However, when the grinding machine is operated, for example due to vibrations or due to a varying raw thickness, undesired deviation in the material thicknesses of the machined workpieces can occur, which significantly increases the scrap during the machining of workpieces.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Schleifmaschine bereit zu stellen, mit deren Hilfe der Ausschuss hinsichtlich bearbeiteter, d.h. geschliffener Werkstücke reduziert werden kann. Ferner ist es Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren bereit zu stellen, das unter Verwendung einer Schleifmaschine den Ausschuss an bearbeiteten Werkstücken reduziert.The object of the invention is to provide a grinding machine with the aid of which the broke can be treated with respect to processed, i. sanded workpieces can be reduced. Further, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method which reduces the amount of machined workpieces using a grinding machine.
Diese Aufgaben werden mit Hilfe einer Schleifmaschine gemäß Anspruch 1 sowie einem Verfahren nach Anspruch 14 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen aufgeführt.These objects are achieved by means of a grinding machine according to
Die erfindungsgemäße Schleifmaschine zur Bearbeitung von Werkstücken umfasst zumindest ein Schleifaggregat zum Schleifen eines Werkstücks, wobei das zumindest eine Schleifaggregat über mindestens eine bevorzugt vertikal einstellbare Schleifeinrichtung verfügt. Die Schleifmaschine umfasst ferner eine Förderungseinrichtung zum Fördern des Werkstücks in eine Durchlaufrichtung durch das zumindest eine Schleifaggregat, und eine Steuereinrichtung, die geeignet ist, den Betrieb des zumindest einen Schleifaggregats auf eine Fertigmaß-Solldicke des Werkstücks abzustimmen. Der Ausdruck vertikal bezieht sich dabei auf eine Richtung parallel zur Dickenrichtung des Werkstücks. Die Fertigmaß-Solldicke ist die erwünschte Dicke, die ein Werkstück nach Bearbeitung durch die Schleifmaschine aufweisen soll. Die Förderrichtung der Förderungseinrichtung kann dabei umkehrbar sein, um ein Werkstück gegen die Durchlaufrichtung zu fördern.The grinding machine according to the invention for machining workpieces comprises at least one grinding unit for grinding a workpiece, wherein the at least one grinding unit has at least one preferably vertically adjustable grinding device. The grinding machine further comprises a conveying device for conveying the workpiece in a direction of passage through the at least one grinding unit, and a control device which is adapted to tune the operation of the at least one grinding unit to a finished dimension desired thickness of the workpiece. The term vertical refers to one direction parallel to the thickness direction of the workpiece. The finished target thickness is the desired thickness that a workpiece should have after being processed by the grinder. The conveying direction of the conveying device can be reversible in order to convey a workpiece against the passage direction.
Die erfindungsgemäße Schleifmaschine ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie weiterhin eine Dickenstimmungseinrichtung aufweist, die in Durchlaufrichtung nach dem zumindest einen Schleifaggregat angeordnet ist, wobei mit der Dickenbestimmungseinrichtung eine Fertigmaß-Istdicke des durch das zumindest eine Schleifaggregat bearbeiteten Werkstücks bestimmt werden kann. Die erfindungsgemäße Schleifmaschine ist weiterhin dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinrichtung ferner geeignet ist, die Fertigmaß-Istdicke des Werkstücks mit der Fertigmaß-Solldicke abzugleichen, und den Betrieb des zumindest einem Schleifaggregats derart zu steuern, dass die Fertigmaß-Istdicke der Fertigmaß-Solldicke angepasst ist. Die Fertigmaß-Istdicke ist die Dicke, die das Werkstück nach Bearbeitung durch die Schleifmaschine tatsächlich aufweist.The grinding machine according to the invention is characterized in that it further comprises a thickness-matching device which is arranged in the direction of passage after the at least one grinding unit, wherein the thickness-determining device can determine a finished actual thickness of the workpiece processed by the at least one grinding aggregate. The grinding machine according to the invention is further characterized in that the control device is further adapted to match the finished dimension actual thickness of the workpiece with the finished dimension target thickness, and to control the operation of the at least one grinding unit such that the finished dimension actual thickness of the finished dimension target thickness is adjusted , The finished actual thickness is the thickness that the workpiece actually has after being processed by the grinding machine.
Durch die Bereitstellung einer Dickenbestimmungseinrichtung, welche die Fertigmaß-Istdicke des bearbeiteten Werkstücks bestimmt und einer Steuereinrichtung, die diese Fertigmaß-Istdicke mit der Fertigmaß-Solldicke abgleicht und den Betrieb des Schleifaggregats dahingehend steuert, dass die Fertigmaß-Istdicke der Fertigmaß-Solldicke angepasst ist, wird es ermöglicht, Schwankungen im Betrieb der Schleifmaschine sowie in der Beschaffenheit des unbearbeiteten Werkstücks direkt auszugleichen, wodurch der Ausschuss reduziert werden kann. Ferner kann, durch die Bereitstellung der Dickenbestimmungseinrichtung und der geeignet angepassten Steuereinrichtung, eine Anpassung an veränderte Betriebsbedingungen direkt während des Betriebs der Schleifmaschine vorgenommen werden, ohne dass die Maschine angehalten und umgebaut werden muss. Außerdem ermöglicht die erfindungsgemäße Schleifmaschine eine kontinuierliche und lückenlose Überwachung der bearbeiteten Werkstücke, wodurch eine etwaige Fehlproduktion sofort erkannt und korrigiert werden kann.By providing a thickness determination device which determines the finished actual thickness of the machined workpiece and a control device which adjusts this finished actual thickness with the finished dimension desired thickness and controls the operation of the grinding aggregate such that the finished actual thickness of the finished dimension target thickness is adjusted makes it possible to compensate for fluctuations in the operation of the grinding machine and in the nature of the unprocessed workpiece directly, whereby the reject can be reduced. Furthermore, by providing the thickness determination device and the suitably adapted control device, adaptation to changed operating conditions can be made directly during the operation of the grinding machine, without the Machine must be stopped and rebuilt. In addition, the grinding machine according to the invention enables a continuous and complete monitoring of the machined workpieces, whereby a possible faulty production can be detected and corrected immediately.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung verfügt die erfindungsgemäße Schleifmaschine ferner über eine zweite Dickenbestimmungseinrichtung, die in Durchlaufrichtung vor dem zumindest einem Schleifaggregat angeordnet ist. Dabei kann mit der zweiten Dickenbestimmungseinrichtung eine Rohmaß-Istdicke des unbearbeiteten Werkstücks bestimmt werden, und die Steuereinrichtung ist ferner dazu geeignet, die Rohmaß-Istdicke des Werkstücks mit der Rohmaß-Solldicke abzugleichen und den Betrieb des zumindest einem Schleifaggregat basierend auf dem Abgleich der Rohmaß-Istdicke mit der Rohmaß-Solldicke derart zu steuern, dass eine Dicke des durch das zumindest eine Schleifaggregat bearbeiteten Werkstücks möglichst der Fertigmaß-Solldicke angepasst ist. Dadurch ist es möglich, den Schleifprozess bereits vor Beginn der Bearbeitung des Werkstücks an die Dicke des Werkstücks anzupassen. Durch diese Voranpassung kann der Ausschuss weiter verringert werden. Die Rohmaß-Istdicke ist dabei die tatsächliche Dicke des Werkstücks vor dessen Bearbeitung durch die Schleifmaschine. Die Rohmaß-Solldicke ist die gewünschte Dicke des Werkstücks vor dessen Bearbeitung.In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the grinding machine according to the invention further comprises a second thickness determining device, which is arranged in the direction of passage in front of the at least one grinding unit. In this case, the raw material actual thickness of the unprocessed workpiece can be determined with the second thickness determination device, and the control device is furthermore suitable for matching the raw stock actual thickness of the workpiece to the raw stock target thickness and controlling the operation of the at least one grinding aggregate based on the balance of the raw material. Actual thickness to be controlled with the Rohhaß target thickness such that a thickness of the machined by the at least one grinding unit workpiece is adjusted as possible the finished dimension target thickness. This makes it possible to adapt the grinding process to the thickness of the workpiece already before starting the machining of the workpiece. This pre-adjustment can further reduce the scrap. The raw material actual thickness is the actual thickness of the workpiece before it is processed by the grinding machine. The raw gauge target thickness is the desired thickness of the workpiece before it is machined.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die erfindungsgemäße Schleifmaschine dazu geeignet, mit einem Druckbalken zusammenzuwirken und diesen auf Grundlage der Messungen der Rohmaß-Istdicken und/oder Fertigmaß-Istdicken anzusteuern.In a preferred embodiment, the grinding machine according to the invention is adapted to cooperate with a pressure bar and to control this on the basis of the measurements of the raw material actual thicknesses and / or finished actual thicknesses.
Bevorzugt ist es dabei vorgesehen, dass die Steuereinrichtung ferner dazu geeignet ist, die Anpassung der Fertigmaß-Istdicke des Werkstücks an die Fertigmaß-Solldicke und die Anpassung basierend auf dem Abgleich der Rohmaß-Istdicke mit der Rohmaß-Solldicke durch Ausgabe einer insgesamten Schleiftiefe an das zumindest eine Schleifaggregat zu bewerkstelligen. Dadurch ist es möglich, die Dickenanpassung möglichst homogen vorzunehmen, was die Bearbeitungsqualität des Werkstücks weiter erhöht und den Ausschuss reduziert. Die Schleiftiefe kann dabei bevorzugt durch ein Verfahren der Schleifeinrichtung(en) gemeinsam oder einzeln in vertikaler Richtung oder durch eine Veränderung des Andrucks bewerkstelligt werden, mit dem die Schleifeinrichtung(en) durch die Schleifaggregate an das Werkstück angelegt werden.It is preferably provided in this case that the control device is also suitable for adapting the finished dimension actual thickness of the workpiece to the finished dimension nominal thickness and the adaptation based on the adjustment of the raw dimension actual thickness the Rohhaß target thickness by issuing a total grinding depth to the at least one grinding unit to accomplish. This makes it possible to make the thickness adjustment as homogeneous as possible, which further increases the machining quality of the workpiece and reduces waste. The grinding depth can preferably be accomplished by a method of the grinding device (s) together or individually in the vertical direction or by a change in the contact pressure with which the grinding device (s) are applied by the grinding units to the workpiece.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Schleifmaschine ferner dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ein von oben schleifendes Schleifaggregat, welches das Werkstück an der Oberseite des Werkstücks schleift, und ein von unten schleifendes Schleifaggregat, welches das Werkstück an der Unterseite des Werkstücks schleift, aufweist. Beide Schleifaggregate, das von oben schleifende Schleifaggregat und das von unten schleifende Schleifaggregat, weisen eine bevorzugt vertikal einstellbare Schleifeinrichtung auf. In diesem Zusammenhang bezeichnet der Terminus "oben" eine Position oberhalb des Werkstücks, das von der Förderungseinrichtung durch das Schleifaggregat gefördert wird. Das von oben schleifende Schleifaggregat ist damit oberhalb des Werkstücks angeordnet und führt einen Schleifvorgang an der Oberseite des Werkstücks aus. Gleiches gilt in diesem Zusammenhang für den Terminus "unten": Das von unten schleifende Schleifaggregat ist unterhalb des durch die Förderungseinrichtung durch das Schleifaggregat geförderten Werkstücks angeordnet. Damit schleift das von unten schleifende Schleifaggregat das Werkstück an dessen Unterseite.In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the grinding machine is further characterized by comprising a top grinding grinding aggregate which grinds the workpiece at the top of the workpiece and a bottom grinding grinding aggregate which grinds the workpiece at the bottom of the workpiece , Both grinding units, the abrasive grinding machine from above and the abrasive grinding machine from below, have a preferably vertically adjustable grinding device. In this context, the term "top" refers to a position above the workpiece, which is conveyed by the conveyor through the grinding unit. The abrading grinding unit is thus arranged above the workpiece and performs a grinding operation at the top of the workpiece. The same applies in this context for the term "bottom": The grinding from below grinding unit is arranged below the conveyed by the conveyor by the grinding unit workpiece. The sanding grinding unit grinds the workpiece on its underside.
Ferner ist es insbesondere vorgesehen, dass die insgesamte Schleiftiefe zu gleichen Teilen auf eine Schleiftiefe des von oben schleifenden Schleifaggregats und eine Schleiftiefe des von unten schleifenden Schleifaggregats aufgeteilt ist.Furthermore, it is provided in particular that the total grinding depth is divided in equal parts to a grinding depth of the abrasive grinding machine from above and a grinding depth of the abrasive grinding machine from below.
Dadurch durch kann, auch bei Bearbeitung des Werkstücks an dessen Ober- und Unterseite, eine gleichmäßige Dickenanpassung vorgenommen werden, was sich sowohl vorteilhaft auf die Bearbeitungsqualität, als auch die Vermeidung von Ausschuss auswirkt. Im speziellen können so Spannungen, die durch die Bearbeitung im Werkstück entstehen, reduziert werden oder nicht eingebracht werden. Außerdem kann sichergestellt werden, dass der Kernbereich des Werkstücks von der Bearbeitung nicht beeinträchtigt wird.As a result, even when machining the workpiece on the top and bottom, a uniform thickness adjustment can be made, which has both beneficial to the processing quality, as well as the avoidance of waste. In particular, stresses that result from machining in the workpiece can be reduced or not introduced. In addition, it can be ensured that the core area of the workpiece is not affected by the machining.
Bevorzugt weisen die Dickenbestimmungseinrichtung und die zweite Dickenbestimmungseinrichtung jeweils zumindest ein Sensorpaar mit einem oberen Sensor, einem unteren Sensor und einem Auswertegerät auf. Dabei ist der untere Sensor in Bezug auf das von der Förderungseinrichtung geförderte Werkstück derart angeordnet, dass er sich unterhalb des Werkstücks befindet. Der obere Sensor ist dann derart angeordnet, dass er sich in eine Richtung parallel zur Dickenrichtung des Werkstücks oberhalb des Werkstücks und oberhalb des unteren Sensors befindet. Hierbei nehmen die oberen und unteren Sensoren einen vorgegebenen Abstand zueinander ein. Obere und untere Sensoren sind dabei bevorzugt Laseroptik-Sensoren.The thickness determination device and the second thickness determination device preferably each have at least one sensor pair with an upper sensor, a lower sensor and an evaluation device. In this case, the lower sensor is arranged in relation to the conveyed by the conveying device workpiece such that it is located below the workpiece. The upper sensor is then arranged to be in a direction parallel to the thickness direction of the workpiece above the workpiece and above the lower sensor. Here, the upper and lower sensors occupy a predetermined distance from each other. Upper and lower sensors are preferably laser optics sensors.
Bevorzugt ist der obere Sensor eines Sensorpaars geeignet, einen oberen Abstand zum Werkstück zu ermitteln und der untere Sensor eines Sensorpaars ist geeignet, einen unteren Abstand zum Werkstück zu ermitteln. Jedes Auswertegerät eines Sensorpaars ist ferner geeignet, bezogen auf das Sensorpaar, eine einzelne Fertigmaß-Istdicke oder eine einzelne Rohmaß-Istdicke des Werkstücks ausgehend vom vorgegebenen Abstand, vom oberen Abstand und vom unteren Abstand zu ermitteln. Dabei ergibt sich die Dicke des Werkstücks bevorzugt aus der Differenz aus vorgegebenem Abstand minus oberem Abstand minus unterem Abstand.Preferably, the upper sensor of a sensor pair is suitable for determining an upper distance from the workpiece, and the lower sensor of a sensor pair is suitable for determining a lower distance from the workpiece. Each evaluation device of a sensor pair is also suitable, based on the pair of sensors, to determine a single finished dimension actual thickness or a single raw dimension actual thickness of the workpiece starting from the predetermined distance, the upper distance and the lower distance. The thickness of the workpiece preferably results from the difference between the predetermined distance minus the upper distance minus the lower distance.
Bevorzugt ist die Steuereinrichtung ferner geeignet, einen Mittelwert aus den einzelnen Fertigmaß-Istdicken und/oder aus den einzelnen Rohmaß-Istdicken zu ermitteln, um die Fertigmaß-Istdicke und/oder die Rohmaß-Istdicke zu erhalten.Preferably, the control device is also suitable, an average of the individual finished dimension actual thicknesses and / or from to determine the individual raw material actual thicknesses in order to obtain the finished dimension actual thickness and / or the raw stock actual thickness.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung, weisen die Dickenbestimmungseinrichtung und die zweite Dickenbestimmungseinrichtung jeweils n Sensorpaare auf, die gleichmäßig über die Arbeitsbreite des zumindest einen Schleifaggregats verteilt sind. Dabei beträgt n bevorzugt drei. Dadurch ist es möglich die Rohmaß-Istdicke des Werkstücks und/oder die Fertigmaß-Istdicke des Werkstücks über die ganze Breite des Werkstücks zu erfassen, was die Fehleranfälligkeit und somit den Ausschuss des Systems reduziert.In one embodiment of the present invention, the thickness-determining device and the second thickness-determining device each have n sensor pairs which are distributed uniformly over the working width of the at least one grinding aggregate. In this case, n is preferably three. This makes it possible to grasp the raw stock actual thickness of the workpiece and / or the finished actual thickness of the workpiece over the entire width of the workpiece, which reduces the susceptibility to errors and thus the rejection of the system.
Diese Anordnung ist ferner bei einer optionalen Ansteuerung eines Druckbalkens vorteilhaft, da damit auch Dickenunterschiede des Werkstücks über die Arbeitsbreite (d.h. wenn ein bezogen auf die Arbeitsbreite schiefes Werkstück vorliegt) ausgeglichen werden können.This arrangement is also advantageous in an optional control of a pressure beam, since it can also compensate for differences in thickness of the workpiece over the working width (i.e., when a workpiece is skewed with respect to the working width).
In einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung können die Sensorpaare horizontal innerhalb der Dickenbestimmungseinrichtung und der zweiten Dickenbestimmungseinrichtung verschiebbar angeordnet sein, was es ermöglicht eine Anpassung der Sensorposition an die Arbeitsbreite vorzunehmen.In one development of the invention, the sensor pairs can be arranged horizontally within the thickness determination device and the second thickness determination device, which makes it possible to adapt the sensor position to the working width.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung weist jeder Sensor einen Messbereich auf, und die Auswertegeräte der Sensorpaare sind geeignet, nur dann ein einzelne Fertigmaß-Istdicke oder eine einzelne Rohmaß-Istdicke des Werkstücks zu ermitteln, wenn sowohl der obere Abstand als auch der untere Abstand kleiner oder gleich dem Messbereich sind. Somit ist es unerheblich, ob nur ein Sensorpaar ein Werkstück erfasst oder alle, und die Fehleranfälligkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Schleifmaschine kann weiter reduziert werden. Insbesondere erfolgt keine fehlerhafte Ausgabe einer einzelnen Fertigmaß-Istdicke oder einer einzelnen Rohmaß-Istdicke, wenn kein Werkstück zwischen oberem und unterem Sensor eines Sensorpaares ist.In one embodiment of the present invention, each sensor has a measuring range, and the evaluating devices of the sensor pairs are suitable for determining a single finished actual thickness or a single raw dimension actual thickness of the workpiece, if both the upper distance and the lower distance smaller or equal to the measuring range. Thus, it is irrelevant whether only one sensor pair detects a workpiece or all, and the error rate of the grinding machine according to the invention can be further reduced. In particular, there is no erroneous output of a single finished dimension actual thickness or a single raw dimension actual thickness, if no workpiece is between the upper and lower sensor of a sensor pair.
Bevorzugt ist/sind die Schleifeinrichtung(en) der erfindungsgemäßen Schleifmaschine oszillierende Schleifeinrichtungen, eine Bandschleifeinrichtung, Tellerbürsten oder Schleifwalzen.Preferably, the grinding device (s) of the grinding machine according to the invention are / are oscillating grinding devices, a belt grinding device, disc brushes or grinding rollers.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung weist die Schleifmaschine ferner eine Anzeigeeinrichtung auf, die geeignet ist die Rohmaß-Istdicke und die Fertigmaß-Istdicke fortlaufend anzuzeigen. Ferner ist Anzeigeeinrichtung geeignet, Zeitmittelwerte der Rohmaß-Istdicke und der Fertigmaß-Istdicke basierend auf dem zeitlichen Mittel der Rohmaß-Istdicke und der Fertigmaß-Istdicke über ein vorbestimmtes Zeitintervall anzuzeigen. Außerdem ist die Anzeigeeinrichtung geeignet, eine Mitteilung anzuzeigen, die einen Benutzer veranlasst, eine Handlung vorzunehmen, wenn die Fertigmaß-Istdicke um einen vorbestimmten Betrag von der Fertigmaß-Solldicke abweicht und/oder die Fertigmaß-Istdicke über ein vorbestimmtes Zeitintervall um einen vorbestimmten Betrag von der Fertigmaß-Solldicke abweicht. Dies macht es nicht nur möglich, den Zeitverlauf der Rohmaß-Istdicke und der Fertigmaß-Istdicke zu verfolgen und eine fortlaufende Qualitätskontrolle vorzunehmen, es ermöglicht ferner, den Benutzer der Schleifmaschine im Falle einer Fehlfunktion zu einem frühzeitigen Eingreifen zu veranlassen.In an embodiment of the present invention, the grinding machine further comprises a display device capable of continuously displaying the raw stock actual thickness and the finished actual thickness. Further, the display device is adapted to display time average values of the raw stock actual thickness and the finished actual thickness based on the time average of the raw stock actual thickness and the finished actual thickness over a predetermined time interval. In addition, the display device is adapted to display a message that causes a user to perform an action when the finished actual thickness deviates by a predetermined amount from the finished target thickness and / or the finished actual thickness over a predetermined time interval by a predetermined amount of deviates from the finished dimension target thickness. This not only makes it possible to track the time course of the raw stock actual thickness and the finished actual thickness and to carry out a continuous quality control, it also makes it possible to induce the user of the grinding machine in the event of a malfunction to early intervention.
Aus eben diesem Grund kann die Schleifmaschine gemäß einer Weiterbildung ferner eine Warneinrichtung aufweisen, die geeignet ist, eine Warnung anzuzeigen, wenn die Fertigmaß-Istdicke um einen vorbestimmten Betrag von der Fertigmaß-Solldicke abweicht und/oder die Fertigmaß-Istdicke über ein vorbestimmtes Zeitintervall um einen vorbestimmten Betrag von der Fertigmaß-Solldicke abweicht.For precisely this reason, according to a further development, the grinding machine may further comprise a warning device capable of displaying a warning when the finished dimension actual thickness deviates from the finished dimension target thickness by a predetermined amount and / or the finished actual thickness over a predetermined time interval deviates a predetermined amount from the finished dimension target thickness.
Weiter umfasst die vorliegende Erfindung ein Verfahren unter Verwendung der zuvor genannten Schleifmaschine. Das Verfahren umfasst dabei die Schritte: Bestimmen einer Fertigmaß-Istdicke des durch das zumindest eine Schleifaggregat bearbeiteten Werkstücks durch die Dickenbestimmungseinrichtung; Abgleichen der Fertigmaß-Istdicke des Werkstücks mit der Fertigmaß-Solldicke durch die Steuereinrichtung; und Steuern des Betriebs des zumindest einen Schleifaggregats durch die Steuereinrichtung derart, dass die Fertigmaß-Istdicke insgesamt der Fertigmaß-Solldicke angepasst ist. Dadurch ist es möglich, ein Verfahren bereitzustellen, das eine fortlaufende Dickenkontrolle eines geschliffenen Werkstücks erlaubt, den Betrieb der Schleifaggregate entsprechend anpasst und somit den Ausschuss reduziert.Further, the present invention includes a method using the aforementioned grinding machine. The method comprises the steps of: determining a finished dimension actual thickness of the workpiece processed by the at least one sanding unit by the thickness determination device; Matching the finished dimension actual thickness of the workpiece with the finished dimension desired thickness by the control device; and controlling the operation of the at least one grinding aggregate by the control device in such a way that the finished dimension actual thickness as a whole is adapted to the finished dimension setpoint thickness. Thereby, it is possible to provide a method which allows a continuous thickness control of a ground workpiece, adapts the operation of the grinding units accordingly and thus reduces the rejects.
Der besondere Vorteil des Verfahrens liegt auch darin, dass mit Ausnahme der Dickenbestimmungseinrichtung und einer Anpassung der Steuereinrichtung auf die Einrichtungen herkömmlicher Schleifmaschinen zurückgegriffen werden kann. Dadurch ist es möglich, den Ausschuss bei der Bearbeitung von Werkstücken kostengünstig und unkompliziert zu reduzieren.The particular advantage of the method lies in the fact that with the exception of the thickness determination device and an adaptation of the control device can be made of the facilities of conventional grinding machines. This makes it possible to reduce the waste in the machining of workpieces cost and uncomplicated.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens umfasst das Verfahren ferner die Schritte: Bestimmen einer Rohmaß-Istdicke des unbearbeiteten Werkstücks durch eine zweite Dickenbestimmungseinrichtung; Abgleichen der Rohmaß-Istdicke des Werkstücks mit der Fertigmaß-Solldicke; und Steuern des Betriebs des zumindest einen Schleifaggregats durch die Steuereinrichtung derart, dass eine Dicke des durch das zumindest eine Schleifaggregat bearbeiteten Werkstücks insgesamt möglichst der Fertigmaß-Solldicke angepasst ist. Durch diese Schritte ist es möglich, bereits vor Beginn des Schleifprozesses eine Anpassung der Schleifmaschine an die Rohmaß-Istdicke des Werkstücks vorzunehmen. Dadurch können Varianzen in den Rohmaß-Istdicken des Werkstücks bereits vorab ausgeglichen werden, wodurch der Ausschuss weiter reduziert werden kann.According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the method further comprises the steps of: determining a raw-material actual thickness of the unprocessed workpiece by a second thickness-determining device; Balancing the raw stock actual thickness of the workpiece with the finished dimension target thickness; and controlling the operation of the at least one grinding aggregate by the control device such that a thickness of the workpiece processed by the at least one grinding aggregate is adjusted overall as far as possible to the finished dimension desired thickness. Through these steps, it is possible to make an adjustment of the grinding machine to the raw material actual thickness of the workpiece already before the beginning of the grinding process. As a result, variances in the raw gauge actual thicknesses of the workpiece are already compensated in advance, whereby the committee can be further reduced.
Dass erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zeichnet sich ferner bevorzugt dadurch aus, dass eine insgesamte Schleiftiefe an das zumindest eine Schleifaggregat zum Anpassen der Fertigmaß-Istdicke des Werkstücke an die Fertigmaß-Solldicke und zum Anpassen basierend auf dem Abgleich der Rohmaß-Istdicke mit der Rohmaß-Solldicke ausgegeben wird. Dabei wird die insgesamte Schleiftiefe bevorzugt zu gleichen Teilen auf die Schleiftiefe des von oben schleifenden Schleifaggregats und die Schleiftiefe des von unten schleifenden Schleifaggregats aufgeteilt. Dadurch können die Anpassungen der Fertigmaß-Istdicke und der Rohmaß-Istdicke des Werkstücks an die Fertigmaß-Solldicke gleichmäßig von oben und von unten erfolgen, wodurch das Schleifergebnis weiter verbessert wird.The method according to the invention is furthermore preferably characterized in that a total grinding depth is output to the at least one grinding unit for adjusting the finished dimension actual thickness of the workpieces to the finished dimension desired thickness and for adjustment based on the comparison of the raw dimension actual thickness with the raw dimension set thickness , In this case, the total grinding depth is preferably divided equally into the grinding depth of the abrading grinding aggregate and the grinding depth of the abrading grinding aggregate. As a result, the adjustments of the finished actual thickness and the raw stock actual thickness of the workpiece to the finished dimension target thickness can be made uniformly from above and from below, whereby the grinding result is further improved.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zeichnet sich bevorzugt dadurch aus, dass aus den von einzelnen Sensorpaaren erhaltenen, einzelnen Fertigmaß-Istdicken und/oder den von einzelnen Sensorpaaren erhaltenen, einzelnen Rohmaß-Istdicken Mittelwerte gebildet werden, um die Fertigmaß-Istdicke und/oder die Rohmaß-Istdicke zu erhalten.The method according to the invention is preferably characterized in that average values are formed from the individual finished dimension actual thicknesses obtained from individual sensor pairs and / or the individual raw dimension actual thicknesses obtained from individual sensor pairs, the actual finished thickness and / or the raw gauge actual thickness to obtain.
- Fig. 1Fig. 1
- zeigt eine Schemaansicht der Schleifmaschine gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung.shows a schematic view of the grinding machine according to the present invention.
- Fig. 2Fig. 2
- zeigt eine Schnittansicht der Schleifaggregate gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung.shows a sectional view of the grinding units according to the present invention.
- Fig. 3Fig. 3
- zeigte eine Vorderansicht der Dickenbestimmungseinrichtung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung.Fig. 10 shows a front view of the thickness-determining device according to the present invention.
- Fig. 4Fig. 4
- zeigte eine schematische Seitenansicht der Dickenbestimmungseinrichtung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung. Dabei sind die durch die Sensoren bestimmten Abstände und der Sensorabstand eingezeichnet.Fig. 2 shows a schematic side view of the thickness determination device according to the present invention. The distances determined by the sensors and the sensor distance are shown.
In
Dabei sind die wesentlichen Elemente der Schleifmaschine 1 die Schleifaggregate 10, die Förderungseinrichtung 5 und die Steuereinrichtung 100. Ferner kann die Schleifmaschine 1 auf einer in dieser Ansicht nicht gezeigten Abstützungsvorrichtung angebracht sein.In this case, the essential elements of the grinding
Die Förderungseinrichtung 5 fördert ein Werkstück 2 in einer Durchlaufrichtung R. Dadurch wird das Werkstück 2 durch die Schleifaggregate 10 gefördert. Im Allgemeinen kann die Schleifmaschine 1 mehrere Schleifaggregate 10 aufweisen. Die Schleifaggregate 10 verfügen dabei über bevorzugt vertikal einstellbare Schleifeinrichtungen 12. Diese Schleifeinrichtungen 12 können eine oszillierende Schleifeinrichtung, eine Tellerbürste, oder eine Schleifwalze umfassen. Dabei kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn die Förderungseinrichtung 5 in ihrer Förderrichtung umkehrbar ist, um somit ein Werkstück 2 gegen die Durchlaufrichtung R zu fördern. Dies kann nicht nur bei Störungsbetrieb der Schleifmaschine von Belang sein, sondern kann auch zur Erzielung von besonderen Schleifergebnissen genutzt werden. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist zunächst eine Dickenbestimmungseinrichtung 30 in Durchlaufrichtung R nach den Schleifaggregaten 10 angeordnet. Die Dickenbestimmungseinrichtung 30 ist dabei geeignet, eine Fertigmaß-Istdicke des durch die Schleifaggregate 10 bearbeiteten Werkstücks 2 zu bestimmen. Diese Fertigmaß-Istdicke wird in die Steuereinrichtung 100 eingegeben.The conveying
Die Steuereinrichtung 100 ist geeignet, die Fertigmaß-Istdicke mit einer Fertigmaß-Solldicke abzugleichen. Die Fertigmaß-Solldicke entspricht dabei der gewünschten Dicke des Werkstücks 2, die dieses nach dem Schleifvorgang durch die Schleifaggregate 10 aufweisen soll. Basierend auf dem Abgleich der Fertigmaß-Istdicke mit der Fertigmaß-Solldicke steuert die Steuereinrichtung 100 die Schleifaggregate 10. Dabei erfolgt die Steuerung derart, dass die Fertigmaß-Istdicke der Fertigmaß-Solldicke angepasst wird. Die Anpassung kann dabei mittels eines vertikalen Verfahrens der Schleifeinrichtungen 12, einer Änderung der Fördergeschwindigkeit und/oder einer Änderung des Andrucks, mit dem die Schleifeinrichtungen 12 an das Werkstück 2 angelegt sind, erfolgen.The
Im Folgenden wird in Bezugnahme auf
Im Allgemeinen verfügt die Dickenbestimmungseinrichtung 30 über mehrere Sensorpaare 33, die gleichmäßig über die Arbeitsbreite b der Schleifmaschinen angeordnet sind. Bevorzugt, und wie
Wie erwähnt, befinden sich der obere Sensor 31 und der untere Sensor 32 in einem (bekannten) vorgegebenen Abstand. Befindet sich ein Werkstück 2 zwischen dem oberen Sensor 31 und dem unteren Sensor 32, bestimmt der untere Sensor 32 einen unteren Abstand (einen Abstand vom unteren Sensor 32 zur Unterseite des Werkstücks 2) und der obere Sensor 31 einen oberen Abstand (einen Abstand vom oberen Sensor 31 zur Oberseite des Werkstücks 2). Der obere Abstand und der untere Abstand werden in das Auswertegerät 34 des Sensorpaars 33 eingeben. Dieses Auswertegerät 34 bestimmt auf Grundlage des gegebenen Abstands, des oberen Abstands und des unteren Abstands eine einzelne Fertigmaß-Istdicke des Werkstücks 2. Dabei ergibt sich die einzelne Fertigmaß-Istdicke des Werkstücks 2 aus der Differenz aus gegebenem Abstand minus oberem Abstand minus unterem Abstand. Die von jedem Sensorpaar 33 bestimmten einzelnen Fertigmaß-Istdicken des Werkstücks 2 werden von den Auswertegeräten 34 in die Steuereinrichtung 100 eingegeben. Diese berechnet aus diesen einzelnen Fertigmaß-Istdicken des Werkstücks 2 durch arithmetische Mittelung die Fertigmaß-Istdicke des Werkstücks 2. Diese Fertigmaß-Istdicke des Werkstücks 2 wird von der Steuereinrichtung 100 mit der Fertigmaß-Solldicke abgeglichen. Diese Information wird dann, wie oben erwähnt, zur Steuerung der Schleifaggregate 10 verwendet.As mentioned, the
Alternativ können die einzelnen Fertigmaß-Istdicken ohne Mittelung zur Ansteuerung eines Druckbalkens verwendet werden.Alternatively, the individual finished actual thicknesses can be used without averaging to control a pressure bar.
Jeder Sensor 31, 32 weist zudem einen Messbereich auf, und die Auswertegeräte 34 sind geeignet, nur dann eine einzelne Dicke des Werkstücks 2 an die Steuereinrichtung 100 auszugeben, wenn sowohl der ermittelte untere Abstand, als auch der ermittelte obere Abstand jeweils innerhalb der Messbereiche des unteren Sensors 32 und des oberen Sensors 31 liegen. Dadurch wird sichergestellt, dass es erstens zu keiner Fehlfunktion der Dickenbestimmungseinrichtung 30 kommt, und zweitens, dass nur dann eine einzelne Dicke in die Steuereinrichtung 100 eingegeben wird, wenn ein Werkstück 2 zwischen den oberen Sensoren 31 und den unteren Sensoren 32 eines Sensorpaares 33 liegt.Each
Wie aus
Diese Rohmaß-Istdicken werden dann in die Steuereinrichtung 100 eingegeben, die geeignet ist, daraus einen Mittelwert der Rohmaß-Istdicke des Werkstücks 2 zu ermitteln, und diesen mit der Rohmaß-Solldicke abzugleichen. Die Steuereinrichtung 100 ist ferner eingerichtet, den Betrieb der Schleifaggregate 10 basierend auf dem Abgleich der Rohmaß-Ist- und Solldicken derart zu steuern, dass eine Dicke des durch die Schleifaggregate 10 bearbeiteten Werkstücks 2 insgesamt möglichst der Fertigmaß-Solldicke entspricht.These raw-sheet actual thicknesses are then input to the
Die Berechnung der Rohmaß-Istdicke erfolgt dabei analog zur Berechnung der Fertigmaß-Istdicke: Zunächst ermittelt jedes Sensorpaar 33 jeweils eine einzelne Rohmaß-Istdicke, die dann durch Mittelung durch die Steuereinrichtung 100 in die Rohmaß-Istdicke umgerechnet werden. Die einzelnen Rohmaß-Istdicken werden dabei jeweils aus der Differenz aus vorgegebenem Abstand eines Sensorpaars 33 minus oberem Abstand minus unterem Abstand ermittelt. Auch bei der Rohmaß-Istdicken-Bestimmung weisen die Sensoren 31, 32 einen Messbereich auf, und die Auswertegeräte 34 sind geeignet, nur dann eine einzelne Dicke des Werkstücks 2 an die Steuereinrichtung 100 auszugeben, wenn sowohl der ermittelte untere Abstand als auch der ermittelte obere Abstand jeweils innerhalb der Messbereiche des unteren Sensors 32 und des oberen Sensors 31 liegen.The calculation of the actual raw tube thickness is carried out analogously to the calculation of the finished dimension actual thickness: First, each pair of sensors 33 each determines a single raw tube actual thickness, which are then converted by averaging by the
Alternativ können die einzelnen Rohmaß-Istdicken ohne Mittelung zur Ansteuerung eines Druckbalkens verwendet werden.Alternatively, the individual raw material actual thicknesses can be used without averaging to control a pressure bar.
Bei Verwendung mehrerer Schleifaggregate 10 ist es ferner vorteilhaft, wenn die Steuereinrichtung 100 aus der Diskrepanz zwischen Fertigmaß-Istdicke und Fertigmaß-Solldicke bzw. Rohmaß-Istdicke und Rohmaß-Solldicke eine insgesamte Schleiftiefe berechnet. Diese insgesamte Schleiftiefe kann dann vorteilhafterweise zu gleichen Teilen auf die mehreren Schleifaggregate 10 aufgeteilt werden.When using a plurality of grinding
Bei der Bearbeitung von Werkstücken 2 durch Schleifen kann es gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ferner vorteilhaft sein, wenn, wie in
Ferner kann die Schleifmaschine 1 weiterhin eine Anzeigeeinrichtung 200 aufweisen. Diese ist insbesondere geeignet die Rohmaß-Istdicke und die Fertigmaß-Istdicke fortlaufend anzuzeigen und daneben verschiedene Zeitmittelwerte der Rohmaß-Istdicke und der Fertigmaß-Istdicke basierend auf dem zeitlichen Mittel beider Werte über ein vorbestimmtes Zeitintervall zu berechnen und anzuzeigen. Ferner kann die Anzeigeeinrichtung 200 geeignet sein, eine Mitteilung anzuzeigen, die einen Benutzer veranlasst, eine Handlung vorzunehmen, wenn die Fertigmaß- Istdicke um einen vorbestimmten Betrag von der Fertigmaß-Solldicke abweicht und/oder die Fertigmaß-Istdicke über ein vorbestimmtes Zeitintervall um einen vorbestimmten Betrag von der Fertigmaß-Solldicke abweicht. Aus eben diesem Grund kann die Schleifmaschine gemäß einer Weiterbildung ferner eine Warneinrichtung aufweisen, die geeignet ist, in vorgenanntem Fall eine Warnung abzusetzen, welche bevorzugt akustisch und/oder optisch erfolgt.Furthermore, the grinding
Im Betrieb der Schleifmaschine 1 ergibt sich dabei folgendes Verfahren: Zunächst erfolgt ein Bestimmen der Fertigmaß-Istdicke des bearbeiteten Werkstücks 2 unter Verwendung der Dickenbestimmungseinrichtung 30 und gegebenenfalls ein Bestimmen einer Rohmaß-Istdicke des unbearbeiteten Werkstücks 2 unter Verwendung der zweiten Dickenbestimmungseinrichtung 40. Die so bestimmte Fertigmaß-Istdicke des Werkstücks 2 wird durch die Steuereinrichtung 100 mit der Fertigmaß-Solldicke abgeglichen, ebenso wird durch diese gegebenenfalls die Rohmaß-Istdicke des Werkstückes 2 mit der Rohmaß-Solldicke abgeglichen. Diese Abgleichungen sind die Basis für das Steuern des Betriebs der Schleifaggregate 10 durch die Steuereinrichtung 100 derart, dass die Fertigmaß-Istdicke insgesamt der Fertigmaß-Solldicke angepasst ist.In the operation of the grinding
Claims (15)
die Anpassung der Fertigmaß-Istdicke des Werksstücks (2) an die Fertigmaß-Solldicke und die Anpassung basierend auf dem Abgleich der Rohmaß-Istdicke mit der Rohmaß-Solldicke durch Ausgabe einer insgesamten Schleiftiefe an das zumindest eine Schleifaggregat (10) zu bewerkstelligen.Grinding machine (1) for machining workpieces (2), wherein the control device (100) is suitable
the adaptation of the finished actual thickness of the workpiece (2) to the finished dimension target thickness and the adjustment based on the comparison of the raw material actual thickness with the raw target thickness by issuing a total grinding depth to the at least one grinding unit (10) to accomplish.
wobei die Steuereinrichtung (100) bevorzugt ferner geeignet ist, einen Mittelwert aus den einzelnen Fertigmaß-Istdicken und/oder den einzelnen Rohmaß-Istdicken zu ermitteln.Grinding machine (1) for machining workpieces (2) according to claim 6, wherein the upper sensor (31) of a sensor pair (33) is adapted to determine an upper distance to the workpiece (2), the lower sensor (32) of a sensor pair ( 33) is adapted to determine a lower distance to the workpiece (2), and the evaluation device (34) of a sensor pair (33) is suitable, a single finished actual thickness or a single raw dimension actual thickness of the workpiece (2) starting from the predetermined distance , to determine the upper distance and the lower distance.
wherein the control device (100) is preferably further suitable for averaging the individual ones Finished actual thicknesses and / or the individual raw material actual thicknesses to be determined.
Priority Applications (1)
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PL14173250T PL2815844T3 (en) | 2013-06-20 | 2014-06-20 | Thickness adjustment for grinding machines |
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DE202013102671.9U DE202013102671U1 (en) | 2013-06-20 | 2013-06-20 | Thickness adjustment for grinding machines |
Publications (2)
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EP2815844A1 true EP2815844A1 (en) | 2014-12-24 |
EP2815844B1 EP2815844B1 (en) | 2016-03-02 |
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EP (1) | EP2815844B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE202013102671U1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2572968T3 (en) |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2020193627A1 (en) | 2019-03-26 | 2020-10-01 | Homag Bohrsysteme Gmbh | Method for operating a machine |
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DE102021105394A1 (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2022-09-08 | Karl Heesemann Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Unit for deburring and rounding edges in a surface grinding machine |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2805775A1 (en) * | 1977-03-15 | 1978-09-21 | Schenker Ag Maschinen | GRINDING MACHINE |
EP0571343A1 (en) | 1992-05-21 | 1993-11-24 | Dmc S.P.A. | A sanding machine for wood panels |
DE19903842A1 (en) * | 1999-02-01 | 2000-08-03 | Heinz Berger Maschinenfabrik G | Workpiece grinding method involves comparing thickness of ground tool with desired value, setting grinding distance between grinding body and unground tool accordingly |
-
2013
- 2013-06-20 DE DE202013102671.9U patent/DE202013102671U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2014
- 2014-06-20 PL PL14173250T patent/PL2815844T3/en unknown
- 2014-06-20 ES ES14173250.3T patent/ES2572968T3/en active Active
- 2014-06-20 EP EP14173250.3A patent/EP2815844B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2805775A1 (en) * | 1977-03-15 | 1978-09-21 | Schenker Ag Maschinen | GRINDING MACHINE |
EP0571343A1 (en) | 1992-05-21 | 1993-11-24 | Dmc S.P.A. | A sanding machine for wood panels |
DE19903842A1 (en) * | 1999-02-01 | 2000-08-03 | Heinz Berger Maschinenfabrik G | Workpiece grinding method involves comparing thickness of ground tool with desired value, setting grinding distance between grinding body and unground tool accordingly |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2020193627A1 (en) | 2019-03-26 | 2020-10-01 | Homag Bohrsysteme Gmbh | Method for operating a machine |
DE102019107694A1 (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-10-01 | Homag Bohrsysteme Gmbh | Method of operating a machine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2572968T3 (en) | 2016-06-03 |
PL2815844T3 (en) | 2016-08-31 |
EP2815844B1 (en) | 2016-03-02 |
DE202013102671U1 (en) | 2014-09-23 |
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