EP2809852B1 - Building construction panels - Google Patents
Building construction panels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2809852B1 EP2809852B1 EP13705225.4A EP13705225A EP2809852B1 EP 2809852 B1 EP2809852 B1 EP 2809852B1 EP 13705225 A EP13705225 A EP 13705225A EP 2809852 B1 EP2809852 B1 EP 2809852B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- panel
- bituminous material
- building
- building panel
- elastomer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- FACXGONDLDSNOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 FACXGONDLDSNOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009432 framing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011518 fibre cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011507 gypsum plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002984 plastic foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000468 styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
- E04C2/043—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of plaster
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
- E04B1/8409—Sound-absorbing elements sheet-shaped
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
- E04B1/86—Sound-absorbing elements slab-shaped
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
- E04B2/70—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood
- E04B2/706—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with supporting function
- E04B2/707—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with supporting function obturation by means of panels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
- E04B2/7407—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts
- E04B2/7409—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts special measures for sound or thermal insulation, including fire protection
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
- E04B2/7407—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts
- E04B2/7453—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts with panels and support posts, extending from floor to ceiling
- E04B2/7457—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts with panels and support posts, extending from floor to ceiling with wallboards attached to the outer faces of the posts, parallel to the partition
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
- E04B2001/8457—Solid slabs or blocks
- E04B2001/8461—Solid slabs or blocks layered
- E04B2001/8466—Solid slabs or blocks layered with an intermediate layer formed of lines or dots of elastic material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the suppression of acoustic transmission through building construction panels and particularly, but not exclusively, to: (i) building panel(s) coupled with a vibration damping means; (ii) a wall, ceiling or floor construction manufactured from a plurality of building panels, each being coupled with a vibration damping means; and (iii) a method of manufacturing same.
- a commonly adopted alternative is to directly adjoin two building panels of different densities, either by screwing, gluing, or both.
- the resultant laminated panel has additional mass, thickness and stiffness and two non-overlapping resonant frequencies, all of which combine to reduce sound transmission within critical audible frequency ranges. Whilst this represents a convenient solution which minimises the aforementioned reduction in room size, there is still a significant cost implication in terms of the additional materials involved as compared to constructions formed from single plasterboard layers. For example, the application of a layer of Green GlueTM viscoelastic sound dampening compound can add approximately two thirds to the cost of a single plasterboard panel, as well as requiring significant and repetitive manual effort to extrude the curable compound using a caulk gun.
- a building panel according to the preamble of claim 1 or 10 is described in GB 730 899 A .
- a building panel for attachment to a support frame, the building panel having opposing first and second panel faces wherein a layer is coupled to one of the panel faces; wherein the layer is of elastomer-modified bituminous material coupled to a panel face in an unconstrained manner and wherein it is provided in the form of an elongate band which extends generally longitudinally in between opposite perimeter edges of the panel without extending to any of its perimeter edges.
- bituminous material is modified by a Styrene-Butadien-Styrene (SBS) elastomer.
- SBS Styrene-Butadien-Styrene
- bituminous material comprises a natural fibre or synthetic fibre carrier.
- bituminous material is coupled to less than 50% of the whole surface area of at least one of the panel faces.
- the building panel is rectangular in shape.
- the band of bituminous material extends along the central longitudinal axis of the panel.
- two or more bands of bituminous material extend generally longitudinally in between opposite perimeter edges of the panel.
- the bands of bituminous material are arranged in parallel and are spaced from each other by a distance equal to or greater than the width of a standard wall support frame member or stud.
- bituminous material is arranged on the building panel in the form of one or more straight elongate bands.
- the elongate band of bituminous material is provided with a self adhesive surface for coupling to the building panel.
- the elongate band of bituminous material has a width in the range of 20 - 200 mm.
- the elongate band of bituminous material have a width of 150 mm.
- the elongate band of bituminous material has a thickness in the range of 2 mm to 20 mm.
- bituminous material has a tensile strength in the range of 100 - 400 N/50mm.
- bituminous material has a tensile strength of 300 N / 50 mm.
- the building panel is a plasterboard panel.
- the plasterboard panel has length of 2400 mm, a width of 1200 mm and a thickness in the range of 12-20 mm.
- a composite building panel comprising two superimposed building panel layers each having opposed first and second panel faces, and the composite building panel comprising a layer of elastomer-modified bituminous material sandwiched between the opposing building panel faces; wherein elongate bands of the elastomer-modified bituminous material extend around the perimeter edges of the opposing building panel faces whilst leaving a central portion uncovered so as to define an internal cavity between the opposing building panel faces and the surrounding elastomer-modified bituminous material.
- an additional elongate band of elastomer-modified bituminous material extends along the central longitudinal axis of the building panels between their opposing perimeter edges to define two internal cavities between the opposing building panel faces.
- the width of the elongate bands is equal to or greater than the width of a standard wall support frame member or stud.
- a dividing structure in the form of a wall, ceiling or floor comprising one or more panels according to the first aspect.
- a dividing structure in the form of a wall, ceiling or floor comprising two or more composite panels according to the second aspect.
- a method of manufacturing a dividing structure according to the third aspect comprising the steps of:
- the elastomer-modified bituminous material is provided in the form of a roll and the coupling step is achieved by unrolling the roll such that an adhesive surface of the elastomer-modified bituminous material adheres to less than 50% of the whole surface area of one face of each building panel.
- a method of manufacturing a dividing structure according to the fourth aspect comprising the steps of:
- the elastomer-modified bituminous material is provided in the form of a roll and the coupling step is achieved by unrolling the roll such that an adhesive surface of the elastomer-modified bituminous material adheres to less than the whole surface area of one face of the first subset of the building panels.
- the ability of a building panel to attenuate sound transmission can be assessed by plotting its Transmission Loss (dB) across a range of frequencies.
- the Transmission Loss, and hence the sound insulation curve, of any given panel is determined by a number of factors such as the panel's density, its stiffness, its thickness, its width and its height.
- the solid line in Fig. 1 is representative of a typical sound insulation curve of a building wall or floor construction. It can be seen that the sound insulation generally improves with increasing frequency with the exception of a marked reduction at higher frequencies centred around 2,000 Hz. This phenomenon occurs as a result of the panel resonances.
- Fig. 2 shows a single sheet of plasterboard attached near its periphery to a timber frame via six screw fixings.
- Incident acoustic energy travelling along one side of a typical plasterboard panel generates a bending wave which causes the non-fixed portions of the panel to be displaced with the maximum displacement occurring furthest from the screw fixings.
- the consequent vibration of the plasterboard panel radiates unwanted sound - in the manner of a diaphragm - on the opposite side of the panel within the audible frequency range.
- incident sound matching a panel's own characteristic fundamental frequency strikes the panel, the resultant vibro-acoustic sound energy emitted from its opposite surface reaches its greatest level.
- the vibro-acoustic sound transmitted at each subsequent harmonic frequency is progressively reduced.
- the present invention derives from the discovery that a surprisingly effective degree of building panel resonance damping can be achieved through the strategic coupling of elastomer-modified bituminous material to only a partial portion of a building panel's surface area.
- Figs. 3a and 3b are representative of a standard rectangular gypsum plasterboard panel (10) - having a thickness of 19 mm - with two elongate strips or bands (12) of elastomer-modified bituminous material attached thereto longitudinally and in parallel between its opposite edges (14, 16).
- the elastomer-modified bituminous material measures 4 mm thick by 15 mm wide and its inner panel-facing surface is provided with a self-adhesive substance.
- the bituminous material is modified by blending it with a thermoplastic elastomer.
- the thermoplastic elastomer is styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS).
- SBS styrene-butadiene-styrene
- Suitable SBS thermoplastic elastomers are manufactured by Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation and sold under the trademarks Tufprene® and Asaprene®.
- the SBS elastomer-modified bituminous material has an SBS content of 5% to 80% by weight; an air permeance of ⁇ 0.01m 3 /m 2 hPa; a water vapour permeability of 0.37 m; and a tensile strength of approximately 300N / 50 m.
- the SBS elastomer-modified bituminous material may be applied to a natural fibre or synthetic fibre carrier, e.g. a polyethylene felt.
- the strips (12) of elastomer-modified bituminous material are attached to the plasterboard panel (10) so as to coincide with the two maximum nodal points of displacement (i.e. centrally between the underlying supporting framing members (18) shown in dashed lines) during resonance at their fundamental or 1 st harmonic frequencies. It can be seen that a significant proportion of the surface area of the plasterboard panel is left exposed.
- the positioning of the strip(s) of elastomer-modified bituminous material on plasterboard panels can be varied depending upon the particular arrangement of the supporting structure to which they are attached.
- the placement of the elastomer-modified bituminous material can be optimised so as to coincide with the region of the panel exhibiting the maximum amount of displacement during resonance at its fundamental or 1 st harmonic frequency.
- No part of the elastomer-modified bituminous material extends to any of the perimeter edges of the plasterboard panels. Importantly, this avoids any bowing of the panel which would otherwise result from a localised increase in thickness at the point where the elastomer-modified bituminous material would engage an underlying timber frame.
- a composite structure comprises two superimposed building plasterboard panels (20, 22) of the type described above with reference to Figs. 3a and 3b .
- a first plasterboard panel (20) is fixed to a supporting structure (24) comprising vertical and horizontal framing members.
- Strips (26) of elastomer-modified bituminous material are adhered to the opposite face of the first plasterboard panel (20) at regions coinciding with the panel's attachment to the vertical and horizontal framing members (24), i.e. using the central fixing positions of the first panel (20) to the framing members (24) as a guide for proper placement.
- a second plasterboard panel (22) is fixed to the supporting structure (24) through the regions of elastomer-modified bituminous material and the underlying first plasterboard panel (20) such that the panels (20, 22) are superimposed.
- the thickness of the interposed strips (26) of elastomer-modified bituminous material By virtue of the thickness of the interposed strips (26) of elastomer-modified bituminous material, a cavity is formed between the two plasterboard panels (20, 22).
- the spacing of the two plasterboard panels (20, 22) may be between 2mm and 10mm thick.
- the total surface area coverage of the elastomer-modified bituminous material constitutes a minority of the overall surface area of the plasterboard panel's face.
- the total surface area coverage of the elastomer-modified bituminous material constitutes approximately 47% of the total 2.88 sq. m surface area of the plasterboard panel.
- the total surface area coverage of the elastomer-modified bituminous material constitutes less than 43% of the total 2.88 sq. m surface area of the plasterboard panel.
- the apparatus and method of the present invention is capable of providing significant efficiencies and cost savings to the building and construction industry.
- the strips of elastomer-modified bituminous material act as an unconstrained damping layer to reduce the amplitude of the resonant frequency of a single-skin building panel (10).
- plasterboard panels of a lower thickness and/or density may be employed without compromising on acoustic insulation. Indeed, in certain circumstances, an improvement in acoustic insulation performance could even be achieved whilst using fewer materials, e.g. by avoiding the need for a secondary panel, or reducing the thickness of any required insulation quilt between superimposed panels.
- the strips of elastomer-modified bituminous material act as a constrained damping layer to reduce the amplitude of the resonant frequency of a double-skin or composite building panel (20, 22).
- the formation of a cavity between the two panels serves to increase mid and high frequency sound insulation performance.
- the presence of the strategically positioned strips of elastomer-modified bituminous material significantly reduces the degree of resonance over a broad range of higher audible frequencies. This is achieved by means of viscoelastic properties inherent in the SBS elastomer-modified bituminous material which aid conversion of the bending wave experienced in the panel to a shear wave such that energy is lost in the form of heat rather than as sound.
- the highest amount of energy loss (and hence sound suppression) will occur when the elastomer-modified bituminous material is adhered to the part of the panel which bends the most at resonant frequencies.
- An improvement in sound insulation of 2-3 dB (DnTw rating) has been observed during testing.
- building construction panel or “building panel” are to be understood to include flat, curved or corrugated panels, sheets or boards which are thin in relation to their length and breadth, and which comprise, inter alia, one or more of the following materials: gypsum plaster, fibreglass, medium density fibreboard, magnesium oxide board, fibre cement, plywood, timber, glass-reinforced plastics; or any other sheeted materials used in the construction of walls, ceilings and floors.
- strip and band used throughout the foregoing description relates to a piece of material which is a comparatively long and narrow.
- the terms “strip” and “band” are to be distinguished from a “sheet” or “panel” in terms of their relative dimensions.
- a “sheet” or “panel” will always be wider than a “strip” or “band” attached thereto.
- a “strip” or “band” will be less than 50% of the width of a "sheet” or “panel” attached thereto. Since a standard plasterboard panel has a width of 1200 mm, then a "strip” or “band” will have a width of less than 600mm.
- the width of a "strip" will fall within the range 20mm to 200mm and - in preferred embodiments - may be equal to, or greater than, the width of a standard wall support frame member or stud which measures approximately between 36mm and 47mm.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to the suppression of acoustic transmission through building construction panels and particularly, but not exclusively, to: (i) building panel(s) coupled with a vibration damping means; (ii) a wall, ceiling or floor construction manufactured from a plurality of building panels, each being coupled with a vibration damping means; and (iii) a method of manufacturing same.
- The problem of unwanted airborne and impact noise transmission through dividing structures within buildings is well recognised. Much effort and investment has been expended by the building and construction industry towards addressing such noise transmission problems, particularly in respect of residential dwellings, not least due to the need for compliance with international standards and other associated legislative requirements imposed by national or regional governments.
- In an effort to minimise unwanted sound transmission resulting from, e.g. plasterboard panel resonance, it is known to sandwich acoustic insulating materials such as plastic foams, mineral wools and the like between two plasterboard layers. However, such a solution necessarily increases both material and labour costs whilst decreasing room size as a consequence of the overall increase in thickness of the dividing structure.
- A commonly adopted alternative is to directly adjoin two building panels of different densities, either by screwing, gluing, or both. The resultant laminated panel has additional mass, thickness and stiffness and two non-overlapping resonant frequencies, all of which combine to reduce sound transmission within critical audible frequency ranges. Whilst this represents a convenient solution which minimises the aforementioned reduction in room size, there is still a significant cost implication in terms of the additional materials involved as compared to constructions formed from single plasterboard layers. For example, the application of a layer of Green Glue™ viscoelastic sound dampening compound can add approximately two thirds to the cost of a single plasterboard panel, as well as requiring significant and repetitive manual effort to extrude the curable compound using a caulk gun.
- A building panel according to the preamble of
claim GB 730 899 A - Accordingly, there is a requirement for a building panel which provides recognisable improvements in acoustic transmission properties whilst mitigating or obviating one or more of the aforementioned disadvantages.
- According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a building panel for attachment to a support frame, the building panel having opposing first and second panel faces wherein a layer is coupled to one of the panel faces; wherein the layer is of elastomer-modified bituminous material coupled to a panel face in an unconstrained manner and wherein it is provided in the form of an elongate band which extends generally longitudinally in between opposite perimeter edges of the panel without extending to any of its perimeter edges.
- Optionally, the bituminous material is modified by a Styrene-Butadien-Styrene (SBS) elastomer.
- Optionally, the bituminous material comprises a natural fibre or synthetic fibre carrier.
- Optionally, the bituminous material is coupled to less than 50% of the whole surface area of at least one of the panel faces.
- Optionally, the building panel is rectangular in shape.
- Optionally, the band of bituminous material extends along the central longitudinal axis of the panel.
- Alternatively, two or more bands of bituminous material extend generally longitudinally in between opposite perimeter edges of the panel.
- Optionally, the bands of bituminous material are arranged in parallel and are spaced from each other by a distance equal to or greater than the width of a standard wall support frame member or stud.
- Optionally, the bituminous material is arranged on the building panel in the form of one or more straight elongate bands.
- Optionally, the elongate band of bituminous material is provided with a self adhesive surface for coupling to the building panel.
- Optionally, the elongate band of bituminous material has a width in the range of 20 - 200 mm.
- Most preferably, the elongate band of bituminous material have a width of 150 mm.
- Optionally, the elongate band of bituminous material has a thickness in the range of 2 mm to 20 mm.
- Optionally, the bituminous material has a tensile strength in the range of 100 - 400 N/50mm.
- Most preferably, the bituminous material has a tensile strength of 300 N / 50 mm.
- Optionally, the building panel is a plasterboard panel.
- Optionally, the plasterboard panel has length of 2400 mm, a width of 1200 mm and a thickness in the range of 12-20 mm.
- According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a composite building panel comprising two superimposed building panel layers each having opposed first and second panel faces, and the composite building panel comprising a layer of elastomer-modified bituminous material sandwiched between the opposing building panel faces; wherein elongate bands of the elastomer-modified bituminous material extend around the perimeter edges of the opposing building panel faces whilst leaving a central portion uncovered so as to define an internal cavity between the opposing building panel faces and the surrounding elastomer-modified bituminous material.
- Optionally, an additional elongate band of elastomer-modified bituminous material extends along the central longitudinal axis of the building panels between their opposing perimeter edges to define two internal cavities between the opposing building panel faces.
- Optionally, the width of the elongate bands is equal to or greater than the width of a standard wall support frame member or stud.
- According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a dividing structure in the form of a wall, ceiling or floor comprising one or more panels according to the first aspect.
- According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a dividing structure in the form of a wall, ceiling or floor comprising two or more composite panels according to the second aspect.
- According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a dividing structure according to the third aspect comprising the steps of:
- (i) providing a plurality of building panels;
- (ii) providing a length of elastomer-modified bituminous material;
- (iii) coupling one or more bands of the elastomer-modified bituminous material to one face of each building panel such that it does not extend to any perimeter edges of the panel and does not overlap with an underlying support frame when in-situ; and
- (iv) fixing the panels on a support frame to form a dividing structure;
wherein steps (iii) and (iv) above may optionally be performed in reverse order. - Optionally, the elastomer-modified bituminous material is provided in the form of a roll and the coupling step is achieved by unrolling the roll such that an adhesive surface of the elastomer-modified bituminous material adheres to less than 50% of the whole surface area of one face of each building panel.
- According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a dividing structure according to the fourth aspect comprising the steps of:
- (i) providing a plurality of building panels;
- (ii) providing a length of elastomer-modified bituminous material;
- (iii) fixing a first subset of the building panels on a support frame;
- (iv) coupling bands of the elastomer-modified bituminous material around the entire perimeter edges of one face of the fixed building panels; and
- (v) superimposing a second subset of the building panels over the first subset and fixing them on the support frame.
- Optionally, the elastomer-modified bituminous material is provided in the form of a roll and the coupling step is achieved by unrolling the roll such that an adhesive surface of the elastomer-modified bituminous material adheres to less than the whole surface area of one face of the first subset of the building panels.
- Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
-
Fig. 1 is a graphical representation of a typical Transmission Loss curve of a building wall or floor construction; -
Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the bending wave displacement of a single sheet of plasterboard attached near its periphery to a timber frame; -
Fig 3a is a schematic representation of a single-skin building panel attached to a support frame and having strips of elastomer-modified bituminous material attached thereto in an unconstrained manner; -
Fig. 3b is a cross-sectional view through line A-A ofFig. 3a ; -
Fig. 4a is a schematic representation of a double-skin building panel attached to a support frame and having strips of elastomer-modified bituminous material sandwiched between the two in a constrained manner; -
Fig. 4b is a cross-sectional view through line B-B ofFig. 4a ; - The ability of a building panel to attenuate sound transmission can be assessed by plotting its Transmission Loss (dB) across a range of frequencies. The Transmission Loss, and hence the sound insulation curve, of any given panel is determined by a number of factors such as the panel's density, its stiffness, its thickness, its width and its height. The solid line in
Fig. 1 is representative of a typical sound insulation curve of a building wall or floor construction. It can be seen that the sound insulation generally improves with increasing frequency with the exception of a marked reduction at higher frequencies centred around 2,000 Hz. This phenomenon occurs as a result of the panel resonances. - Resonance is an inherent characteristic of any given panel and this is exemplified with reference to
Fig. 2 which shows a single sheet of plasterboard attached near its periphery to a timber frame via six screw fixings. Incident acoustic energy travelling along one side of a typical plasterboard panel generates a bending wave which causes the non-fixed portions of the panel to be displaced with the maximum displacement occurring furthest from the screw fixings. The consequent vibration of the plasterboard panel radiates unwanted sound - in the manner of a diaphragm - on the opposite side of the panel within the audible frequency range. If incident sound matching a panel's own characteristic fundamental frequency strikes the panel, the resultant vibro-acoustic sound energy emitted from its opposite surface reaches its greatest level. The vibro-acoustic sound transmitted at each subsequent harmonic frequency is progressively reduced. - The present invention derives from the discovery that a surprisingly effective degree of building panel resonance damping can be achieved through the strategic coupling of elastomer-modified bituminous material to only a partial portion of a building panel's surface area.
- For example,
Figs. 3a and 3b are representative of a standard rectangular gypsum plasterboard panel (10) - having a thickness of 19 mm - with two elongate strips or bands (12) of elastomer-modified bituminous material attached thereto longitudinally and in parallel between its opposite edges (14, 16). In the nonlimiting example shown, the elastomer-modified bituminous material measures 4 mm thick by 15 mm wide and its inner panel-facing surface is provided with a self-adhesive substance. Preferably, the bituminous material is modified by blending it with a thermoplastic elastomer. Most preferably, the thermoplastic elastomer is styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS). Suitable SBS thermoplastic elastomers are manufactured by Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation and sold under the trademarks Tufprene® and Asaprene®. In a preferred embodiment, the SBS elastomer-modified bituminous material has an SBS content of 5% to 80% by weight; an air permeance of <0.01m3/m2hPa; a water vapour permeability of 0.37 m; and a tensile strength of approximately 300N / 50 m. The SBS elastomer-modified bituminous material may be applied to a natural fibre or synthetic fibre carrier, e.g. a polyethylene felt. - The strips (12) of elastomer-modified bituminous material are attached to the plasterboard panel (10) so as to coincide with the two maximum nodal points of displacement (i.e. centrally between the underlying supporting framing members (18) shown in dashed lines) during resonance at their fundamental or 1st harmonic frequencies. It can be seen that a significant proportion of the surface area of the plasterboard panel is left exposed.
- The positioning of the strip(s) of elastomer-modified bituminous material on plasterboard panels can be varied depending upon the particular arrangement of the supporting structure to which they are attached. In each case, the placement of the elastomer-modified bituminous material can be optimised so as to coincide with the region of the panel exhibiting the maximum amount of displacement during resonance at its fundamental or 1st harmonic frequency. No part of the elastomer-modified bituminous material extends to any of the perimeter edges of the plasterboard panels. Importantly, this avoids any bowing of the panel which would otherwise result from a localised increase in thickness at the point where the elastomer-modified bituminous material would engage an underlying timber frame. As well as being undesirable from a structural and aesthetic standpoint, such bowing has been found to contribute to decreased sound insulation performance during testing. Given that timber wall studs are generally provided in standard widths of between 36mm and 47mm, it is therefore necessary to ensure that no part of the elastomer-modified bituminous material extends to within a corresponding distance from any of the perimeter edges of the plasterboard panels.
- In an alternative embodiment of the present invention - represented best by
Fig. 4b - a composite structure comprises two superimposed building plasterboard panels (20, 22) of the type described above with reference toFigs. 3a and 3b . A first plasterboard panel (20) is fixed to a supporting structure (24) comprising vertical and horizontal framing members. Strips (26) of elastomer-modified bituminous material are adhered to the opposite face of the first plasterboard panel (20) at regions coinciding with the panel's attachment to the vertical and horizontal framing members (24), i.e. using the central fixing positions of the first panel (20) to the framing members (24) as a guide for proper placement. A second plasterboard panel (22) is fixed to the supporting structure (24) through the regions of elastomer-modified bituminous material and the underlying first plasterboard panel (20) such that the panels (20, 22) are superimposed. By virtue of the thickness of the interposed strips (26) of elastomer-modified bituminous material, a cavity is formed between the two plasterboard panels (20, 22). Typically, the spacing of the two plasterboard panels (20, 22) may be between 2mm and 10mm thick. - The total surface area coverage of the elastomer-modified bituminous material constitutes a minority of the overall surface area of the plasterboard panel's face. For example, in the first arrangement shown in
Fig. 3a the total surface area coverage of the elastomer-modified bituminous material constitutes approximately 47% of the total 2.88 sq. m surface area of the plasterboard panel. In the arrangement shown inFig. 4a the total surface area coverage of the elastomer-modified bituminous material constitutes less than 43% of the total 2.88 sq. m surface area of the plasterboard panel. - In use, the apparatus and method of the present invention is capable of providing significant efficiencies and cost savings to the building and construction industry. In the example of
Figs. 3a and 3b , the strips of elastomer-modified bituminous material act as an unconstrained damping layer to reduce the amplitude of the resonant frequency of a single-skin building panel (10). Accordingly, plasterboard panels of a lower thickness and/or density may be employed without compromising on acoustic insulation. Indeed, in certain circumstances, an improvement in acoustic insulation performance could even be achieved whilst using fewer materials, e.g. by avoiding the need for a secondary panel, or reducing the thickness of any required insulation quilt between superimposed panels. To illustrate this point, it is known that - across certain frequencies - the use of a 100 mm thick insulating quilt provides a 2-3 dB improvement in terms of acoustic insulation as compared to use of a 25 mm quilt. As such, a similar level of acoustic improvement found in the present invention (as noted below) will permit a reduction in thickness of insulation quilt of up to 75%. - In the example of
Figs. 4a and 4b , the strips of elastomer-modified bituminous material act as a constrained damping layer to reduce the amplitude of the resonant frequency of a double-skin or composite building panel (20, 22). The formation of a cavity between the two panels serves to increase mid and high frequency sound insulation performance. - In practice, the presence of the strategically positioned strips of elastomer-modified bituminous material significantly reduces the degree of resonance over a broad range of higher audible frequencies. This is achieved by means of viscoelastic properties inherent in the SBS elastomer-modified bituminous material which aid conversion of the bending wave experienced in the panel to a shear wave such that energy is lost in the form of heat rather than as sound. Clearly, the highest amount of energy loss (and hence sound suppression) will occur when the elastomer-modified bituminous material is adhered to the part of the panel which bends the most at resonant frequencies. An improvement in sound insulation of 2-3 dB (DnTw rating) has been observed during testing.
- Modifications and improvements may be made to the foregoing without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined by the accompanying claims. For example, whilst the supporting frames or studs have been described throughout as being made from timber, alternatives are of course possible, e.g. steel frames. Whilst the present invention has been described with reference to plasterboard panels, it is equally applicable to other types of building panels of different shapes, sizes, thicknesses etc. Indeed, throughout this specification the terms "building construction panel" or "building panel" are to be understood to include flat, curved or corrugated panels, sheets or boards which are thin in relation to their length and breadth, and which comprise, inter alia, one or more of the following materials: gypsum plaster, fibreglass, medium density fibreboard, magnesium oxide board, fibre cement, plywood, timber, glass-reinforced plastics; or any other sheeted materials used in the construction of walls, ceilings and floors.
- Moreover, it will be appreciated that the term "strip" and "band" used throughout the foregoing description relates to a piece of material which is a comparatively long and narrow. The terms "strip" and "band" are to be distinguished from a "sheet" or "panel" in terms of their relative dimensions. For example, in the context of the present invention, a "sheet" or "panel" will always be wider than a "strip" or "band" attached thereto. As a general rule, a "strip" or "band" will be less than 50% of the width of a "sheet" or "panel" attached thereto. Since a standard plasterboard panel has a width of 1200 mm, then a "strip" or "band" will have a width of less than 600mm. As noted above, in certain embodiments the width of a "strip" will fall within the range 20mm to 200mm and - in preferred embodiments - may be equal to, or greater than, the width of a standard wall support frame member or stud which measures approximately between 36mm and 47mm.
Claims (15)
- A building panel (10) for attachment to a support frame, the building panel having opposing first and second panel faces wherein a layer is coupled to one of the panel faces in an unconstrained manner; characterised in that the layer is of elastomer-modified bituminous material and wherein it is provided in the form of an elongate band (12) which extends generally longitudinally in between opposite perimeter edges (14, 16) of the panel (10) without extending to any of its perimeter edges (14, 16).
- A building panel according to claim 1, wherein the bituminous material is modified by a Styrene-Butadien-Styrene (SBS) elastomer.
- A building panel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bituminous material comprises a natural fibre or synthetic fibre carrier.
- A building panel according to any preceding claim, wherein the bituminous material is coupled to less than 50% of the whole surface area of at least one of the panel faces.
- A building panel according to any preceding claim, wherein the band of bituminous material (12) extends along the central longitudinal axis of the panel (10).
- A building panel according to any preceding claim, wherein two or more bands (12) of bituminous material extend generally longitudinally in between opposite perimeter edges (14, 16) of the panel.
- A building panel according to any preceding claim, wherein the elongate band (12) of bituminous material has a width in the range of 20 - 200 mm.
- A building panel according to any preceding claim, wherein the elongate band (12) of bituminous material has a thickness in the range of 2 mm to 20 mm.
- A building panel according to any preceding claim, wherein the building panel is a plasterboard panel (10).
- A composite building panel comprising two superimposed building panel layers (20, 22) each having opposing first and second panel faces, and the composite building panel comprising a layer (26) sandwiched between the opposing building panel faces; characterised in that the layer is of elastomer-modified bituminous material in the form of elongate bands extending around the perimeter edges of the opposing building panel faces whilst leaving a central portion uncovered so as to define an internal cavity between the opposing building panel faces and the surrounding elastomer-modified bituminous material.
- A composite building panel according to claim 10, wherein an additional elongate band (26) of elastomer-modified bituminous material extends along the central longitudinal axis of the building panels (20, 22) between their opposing superimposed perimeter edges to define two internal cavities between the opposing building panel faces.
- A dividing structure in the form of a wall, ceiling or floor comprising one or more panels (10) according to any of claim 1 to 9.
- A dividing structure in the form of a wall, ceiling or floor comprising two or more composite panels (20, 22) according to any of claims 10 to 11.
- A method of manufacturing a dividing structure according to claim 12 comprising the steps of:(i) providing a plurality of building panels (10) according to any one of the claims 1 to 9;(ii) providing a length of elastomer-modified bituminous material;(iii) coupling one or more bands (12) of the elastomer-modified bituminous material to one face of each building panel such that it does not extend to any perimeter edges (14, 16) of the panel and does not overlap with an underlying support frame (18) when in-situ; and(iv) fixing the panels on a support frame (18) to form a dividing structure;wherein steps (iii) and (iv) above may optionally be performed in reverse order.
- A method of manufacturing a dividing structure according to claim 13 comprising the steps of:(i) providing a plurality of building panels (20, 22) according to claim 10 or 11;(ii) providing a length of elastomer-modified bituminous material;(iii) fixing a first subset of the building panels on a support frame (24);(iv) coupling bands (26) of the elastomer-modified bituminous material around the entire perimeter edges of one face of the fixed building panels (20); and(v) superimposing a second subset of the building panels (22) over the first subset (20) and fixing them on the support frame (24).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB1201940.2A GB201201940D0 (en) | 2012-02-03 | 2012-02-03 | Building panel coupled with a vibro-accoustic damping means |
GB1214127.1A GB2499063A (en) | 2012-02-03 | 2012-08-07 | Building panel with elastomer-modified bituminous strips |
PCT/GB2013/050120 WO2013114076A1 (en) | 2012-02-03 | 2013-01-21 | Building construction panels |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2809852A1 EP2809852A1 (en) | 2014-12-10 |
EP2809852B1 true EP2809852B1 (en) | 2015-12-02 |
Family
ID=45896624
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13705225.4A Active EP2809852B1 (en) | 2012-02-03 | 2013-01-21 | Building construction panels |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2809852B1 (en) |
GB (2) | GB201201940D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013114076A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2743419A1 (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2014-06-18 | Saint-Gobain Placo SAS | Soundproofing panel |
JP6157298B2 (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2017-07-05 | 株式会社Lixil | Damping structure panel |
US11746534B2 (en) | 2015-02-05 | 2023-09-05 | Gold Bond Building Products, Llc | Sound damping wallboard and method of constructing a sound damping wallboard |
CA3207506A1 (en) | 2015-02-05 | 2016-08-11 | Gold Bond Building Products, Llc | Sound damping wallboard |
JP6485637B2 (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2019-03-20 | 静岡瀝青工業株式会社 | Floor structure |
JP6862315B2 (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2021-04-21 | 積水樹脂株式会社 | Soundproof panel |
US11559968B2 (en) | 2018-12-06 | 2023-01-24 | Gold Bond Building Products, Llc | Sound damping gypsum board and method of constructing a sound damping gypsum board |
MX2021006657A (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2021-12-06 | Gold Bond Building Products Llc | Sound damping gypsum board and method of constructing a sound damping gypsum board. |
Family Cites Families (14)
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US494865A (en) * | 1893-04-04 | Oscillatxng grate-bar | ||
GB730899A (en) * | 1951-12-24 | 1955-06-01 | Irmgared Gerb | Improved isolating slab for preventing the transmission of vibration |
FR1295391A (en) * | 1960-03-18 | 1962-06-08 | Revertex Ltd | Sound insulation or damping materials |
JPS55161150A (en) * | 1979-06-01 | 1980-12-15 | Tajima Roofing Co | Heattinsulating asphalt waterproof board laying method thereof |
DE3427856A1 (en) * | 1984-07-27 | 1986-01-30 | Gösele, Karl, Prof. Dr.-Ing.habil., 7022 Leinfelden-Echterdingen | BODY SOUND-ABSORBING WEIGHTING OF COMPONENTS TO INCREASE YOUR SOUND INSULATION |
EP0461328A1 (en) * | 1990-06-15 | 1991-12-18 | Tine Holding S.A. | Sound insulation system for use in the interior of a room |
FR2727450A1 (en) * | 1994-11-25 | 1996-05-31 | Distribution Staff Mecanique D | Acoustic insulation panel e.g. for suspended ceilings |
CA2215761A1 (en) * | 1997-09-17 | 1999-03-17 | Rod Macdonald | Acoustical dampening system |
GB2430208A (en) * | 2005-09-15 | 2007-03-21 | Proctor Group Ltd A | Thermally insulated wall construction |
DE202007001983U1 (en) * | 2007-02-10 | 2007-04-19 | Glunz Ag | Building wall has wood fiber insulating layer which has at least one groove or channel in which at least one installation element is located, wherein a continuous layer is located in front of slot or channel |
AT506013B1 (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2009-09-15 | Klh Massivholz Gesmbh | FLOOR BZW. BLANKET |
ITTV20100017U1 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2011-09-13 | Silcart S R L | INSULATING PANEL STRUCTURE, PARTICULARLY FOR THERMAL INSULATION OF BUILDINGS. |
ITTV20100034U1 (en) * | 2010-07-08 | 2012-01-09 | Silcart S R L | STRUCTURE OF WATERPROOF GAS PANEL, PARTICULARLY FOR INSULATION OF BUILDINGS. |
US9163397B2 (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2015-10-20 | National Gypsum Properties, Llc | Foil-backed wallboard and insulation system |
-
2012
- 2012-02-03 GB GBGB1201940.2A patent/GB201201940D0/en not_active Ceased
- 2012-08-07 GB GB1214127.1A patent/GB2499063A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
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- 2013-01-21 WO PCT/GB2013/050120 patent/WO2013114076A1/en active Application Filing
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WO2013114076A1 (en) | 2013-08-08 |
GB2499063A (en) | 2013-08-07 |
EP2809852A1 (en) | 2014-12-10 |
GB201214127D0 (en) | 2012-09-19 |
GB201201940D0 (en) | 2012-03-21 |
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