EP2807344B1 - Stator component with segmented inner ring for a turbomachine - Google Patents
Stator component with segmented inner ring for a turbomachine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2807344B1 EP2807344B1 EP13702011.1A EP13702011A EP2807344B1 EP 2807344 B1 EP2807344 B1 EP 2807344B1 EP 13702011 A EP13702011 A EP 13702011A EP 2807344 B1 EP2807344 B1 EP 2807344B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- stator component
- segments
- component according
- sub
- inner ring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000826860 Trapezium Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
- F01D11/14—Adjusting or regulating tip-clearance, i.e. distance between rotor-blade tips and stator casing
- F01D11/16—Adjusting or regulating tip-clearance, i.e. distance between rotor-blade tips and stator casing by self-adjusting means
- F01D11/18—Adjusting or regulating tip-clearance, i.e. distance between rotor-blade tips and stator casing by self-adjusting means using stator or rotor components with predetermined thermal response, e.g. selective insulation, thermal inertia, differential expansion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
- F01D11/12—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part
- F01D11/122—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part with erodable or abradable material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
- F01D25/246—Fastening of diaphragms or stator-rings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D9/00—Stators
- F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
- F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/10—Stators
- F05D2240/11—Shroud seal segments
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/55—Seals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/20—Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/20—Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/21—Oxide ceramics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/20—Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/21—Oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/2112—Aluminium oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/20—Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/21—Oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/2118—Zirconium oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
- F05D2300/502—Thermal properties
- F05D2300/5021—Expansivity
- F05D2300/50212—Expansivity dissimilar
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a stator component of a turbomachine.
- a turbine housing of an internal combustion engine has become known from the prior art, which is essentially formed from a hot gas duct through which the hot working gases flow. Due to such operation, a liner made of a refractory material is preferably provided on the inner wall surface of this hot gas duct to prevent the remaining metallic surface of the housing from directly contacting the hot working gases.
- this thermal protection lining consists of several sub-segments, which are arranged on the inner surface of the turbine housing in the circumferential direction, so that they form a ring. In order to avoid thermal expansion problems at high temperature, the respective sub-segments are circumferentially spaced from each other.
- WO 2009/126191 A2 discloses a stator component for a turbomachine with an outer ring that carries a segmented inner ring.
- the inner ring consists of two concentric ceramic layers and a radially outer metal layer.
- EP 1 225 308 B1 discloses a turbine casing consisting of a split ring having a plurality of split split segments arranged on the inner wall of the gas turbine casing at predetermined intervals circumferentially such that the split segments form a ring which is operatively connected to the rotor blades.
- Each of the sub-segments has two end surfaces in the circumferential direction, which face the ends of the adjacent sub-segments.
- At least one of the end surfaces of the partial segment has a transition surface on, which is designed as a cylindrical or spherical surface.
- the invention aims to remedy the situation.
- the invention is based on the object of proposing a stator component in which a special spacing of the individual sub-segments from one another in the circumferential direction and relative to the rotor blade tips, in particular the design of the rotor-side surface of the sub-segments, is dispensed with can.
- the object of the invention is also to propose a configuration and constellation of the sub-segments in which the problems of thermal expansion and compressive stresses can be solved in a simple manner.
- the stator component of a turbomachine is designed in such a way that it consists essentially of an outer ring and an inner ring, with the outer ring serving as a mount for the inner ring formed from individual sub-segments.
- the sub-segments are arranged next to one another in such a way that, framed by the outer ring, they form a continuous circular peripheral surface on the rotor side.
- these partial segments of the inner ring have a trapezoidal or quasi-trapezoidal shape in a section perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the turbomachine Cross-section where the parallel or quasi-parallel sides of the trapezium form the radial inside and radial outside of the ring, respectively.
- the sub-segments form a self-supporting inner ring under an approximately uniform circumferential and radial pressure at the design point during operation of the turbomachine.
- the sub-segment is of prismatic or quasi-prismatic shape, at least in a cross-section perpendicular to the circumferential direction of the ring.
- each sub-segment has a substantially planar, concave, convex or spherical surface with respect to the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring, the sub-segment itself being able to consist of a single monolithic material or of several composite materials of different dimensions or composition.
- the material used for this or the composite materials used to form such a partial segment have a uniform and/or non-uniform microstructure.
- the sub-segment formed in this way has a predetermined stress and/or expansion behavior depending on the load ranges of the turbomachine.
- This expansion behavior of the sub-segments can be configured differently in the radial and/or axial direction using a differentiated structure, in correlation to the different temperatures that prevail in the radial and axial direction of the sub-segment.
- the stator component according to the invention of a turbomachine consists essentially of at least one axial outer ring and one inner ring, with the outer ring serving as a mount for the inner ring consisting of sub-segments, and with the sub-segments being able to be arranged on one another in such a way that, when installed, they unite on the rotor side with respect to the rotary movement of rotor blades form a circular inner ring.
- the partial segments consist of a material that is built up gradually at least in the radial direction or of a plurality of partial bodies that are built up from different materials at least in the radial direction.
- the sub-segments formed in this way are heated depending on the load ranges of the turbomachine during operation of the turbomachine, so that there is a temperature gradient from radially inside to radially outside, with the layering of material in the subsegments being selected in such a way that the inner materials have a lower coefficient of expansion than the outer ones, so that the compressive stress resulting from the expansion of the sub-segments in the circumferential direction between the sub-segments of the inner ring assumes a predetermined stress profile.
- the sub-segments abut one another in the circumferential direction, forming a pointed gap, with the spacing in the gap being maintained in such a way that due to the temperature gradient during operation, a frictional connection is created between the adjacent sub-segments that extends over the entire radial extent or just over the radial Sections of the sub-segments now leads to a predetermined course of the compressive stress between sub-segments.
- the sub-segments engage in one another in the circumferential direction to form teeth, with the teeth being spaced apart in the radial direction in such a way that, due to the temperature gradient during operation, a frictional connection is created between the adjacent sub-segments that extends over the entire radial extent or just over the radial Sections of the sub-segments lead to a predetermined course of the compressive stress between sub-segments
- the layering of material in the sub-segments is selected in such a way that the inner materials have a lower coefficient of expansion than the outer ones, so that the expansion of the sub-segments in the circumferential direction in combination with a pointed gap in the circumferential direction between abutting sub-segments, or in Combination with a toothing of interlocking sub-segments that is spaced apart in the radial direction, leads to a predetermined course of the compressive stress between sub-segments.
- a predetermined course of the compressive stress can be a uniform radial pressure or a practically constant pressure course. This is, for example, a pressure curve that deviates by no more than 20% from the mean value of the stress over at least 80% of the area where the sub-segments abut one another.
- the sub-segment designed as an element essentially consists of a ceramic material which, depending on its operational use, in particular during the transient load ranges of the turbomachine up to full operation, has a qualitatively and quantitatively different behavior fulfilled with regard to the stress and strain values.
- the ceramic sub-segment is created in such a way that it has a gradual material structure, which enables different expansion and stress behavior depending on the operation.
- the materials of the respective material structure resp.
- the sub-segment can also consist of different sub-bodies incorporated into one another, which are each constructed from ceramic materials with different chemical and physical properties.
- the incorporated sub-bodies to form a sub-segment can also have different material structures from one another, which result in a specific physical effect in specific operational states.
- a particularly important behavior of such a sub-segment relates to the expansion behavior in different operating states of the turbomachine, which are in operative connection with the moving blades of the turbomachine operating there with regard to the gap size that is established.
- the ceramic sub-segment an operation-dependent expansion behavior and a strength variability, respectively. has a safety behavior against the thermal loads, so that the operational safety of the entire turbomachine is maximized.
- an operation-dependent expansion behavior of the ceramic element also has a positive effect on the efficiency of the turbomachine, in that, for example, blade tip leakage in the area of the stator/rotor blades can be minimized.
- an element (partial segment) formed from ceramic materials is particularly suitable for functioning as a heat shield, in particular when the turbomachine is a gas turbine, since ceramic materials are generally very heat-resistant materials.
- the ceramic element can also consist of just a proportion of ceramic, while the remaining proportions can consist of less heat-resistant materials. Depending on which stretch resp. If such a sub-segment has to comply with the voltage behavior, one behavior can be interpreted in favor of or to the detriment of the other behavior within permissible limits.
- the body provided as an element ie as a sub-segment, can be produced from pressed ceramic powder by sintering, which enables a high degree of variability in the choice of material.
- the composition of the element can be varied to affect various chemical and physical properties of the final material, including porosity, hardness, thermal conductivity, or other mechanical, electrical, thermal, and/or magnetic properties.
- the ceramic element can also have a solid structure when viewed macroscopically, or consist of different sub-bodies which are also structured macroscopically and which, when joined together, result in a firm connection.
- the element can also contain specific structured cavities, which can fulfill different tasks.
- these cavities can be used for internal cooling of the ceramic or quasi-ceramic element, and this cooling can also be operated in such a way that at least its expansion behavior is dynamically influenced.
- these cavities are also designed in such a way that they themselves provide a measure of an adapting expansion behavior. A combination of these two structures to a new final purpose is also possible.
- the ceramic or quasi-ceramic element preferably carries an abrasion-compatible layer, which is generally designed as a sealing and wear layer opposite the rotor blades.
- an abrasion-compatible layer which is generally designed as a sealing and wear layer opposite the rotor blades.
- a good seal is achieved when this wear layer has properties consistent with an abradable layer. This is the case when the wear layer has indentations or Allows cavities, which cause a maximized seal between blade tip and element at least in normal operation of the turbomachine.
- the invention intervenes here when it comes to ensuring maximized sealing by the expansion behavior of the element depending on the expansion of the rotor, respectively.
- of the rotor blades is supported by internal material dispositions, which additionally support the described effect of the abrasion-compatible layer.
- the inner ring on the rotor side is formed by a number of elements, which are preferably of identical shape and size and have a thickness of 3-8 cm in the radial direction.
- the elements In the circumferential direction, the elements have, for example, an arc angle of 10-15°, as a result of which the entire ring will then consist of 24 to 36 individual sub-segments.
- the respective ceramic or quasi-ceramic element then preferably has the shape of a trapezium or a quasi-trapezium in the radial direction (in the installed state in a section perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the turbomachine). on what then have a positive effect on the requirement for a self-supporting structure in connection with the outer ring. Irrespective of how the geometric shape of the sub-segment is taken as a basis, the circumferential surface on the rotor side formed by the sub-segments will form a coherent, circular surface for the rotor blades of the turbomachine rotating past there.
- the inner ring formed by the elements on the rotor side can, as already explained above, consist entirely of a ceramic material.
- compositions of up to 70% or more by weight or volume can consist of a ceramic material, and the remanence can consist of 100% depending on the predetermined strain and stress behavior of other materials whose compatibility with regard to the final properties of such an element is matched have to be.
- the present specification often speaks of quasi-ceramic elements.
- the described stator component can operatively extend as a ring in the axial direction of the turbomachine over all stages of the rotor blades. It is also possible to provide the inner ring consisting of the sub-segments in the axial direction only in the area of the operating rotor blades.
- the material composition of the sub-segments is adjusted accordingly at different stages, depending on a specific expansion and strength behavior.
- the ceramic or quasi-ceramic elements are surrounded in the radial extension by an outer metal ring, which ensures the stability of the individual elements in the composite. This stability is extremely important so that the individual elements mutate into a coherent solid body during operation.
- these elements can have a concave or convex counter-shape, which contributes to the fact that the Positioning of these elements relative to the metal ring, especially during assembly, also result in a positive fit.
- the ceramic or quasi-ceramic elements can also have intermediate recesses through which a cooling medium can flow as required.
- grooves can be provided, for example, in the area of the radially running boundary surface on the side of the individual elements positioned next to one another, which on the one hand reduces the active abutment surface between two adjacent elements, but on the other hand contributes to a defined, fuller, form-fitting abutment surface between the elements leads.
- These radially running grooves can also be used as cooling tracks, the cooling of which acts at least in the region of the elements that are adjacent to one another. This option can also be used to specifically influence the expansion behavior of the elements in certain operating states of the turbomachine.
- the individual elements should be joined together to form a ring in which the contact surfaces of the adjacent elements form a gas-tight or almost gas-tight connection, particularly when the turbomachine is in operation.
- the fit in the stator component between the outer ring and the inner ring formed by the sub-segments during assembly is aimed at at least one form fit, at most designed with an initially minimized frictional connection component, whereby the initial frictional connection will increase during operation, and must be designed in such a way that a maximum permissible compressive stress between the individual elements is not exceeded.
- the ceramic used for the sub-segments can consist of zirconium oxides, aluminum oxides, magnesium oxides, with the sub-segment or Parts thereof can also be composed of different parts of different ceramics.
- the surface on the rotor side has a compressive stress of greater than zero MPa to 500 MPa for all operating temperatures due to the thickness ratios, the temperature dependence of the thermal expansion coefficients and the stiffness of all materials, with which the sub-segment covers the entire operative load range of the turbomachine can cover.
- the compressive stress of the sub-segments is preferably limited to up to 50 MPa when they are first installed, which on the one hand leads to a snug fit and on the other hand there is a sufficiently large stress reserve for full operation.
- the materials are layered in such a way that the materials on the radial inside of the inner ring have the smallest coefficient of thermal expansion and this increases towards the outside.
- the ratios of the coefficients of expansion are selected from the inside to the outside in such a way that the product of the coefficient of expansion and the temperature increase from cold installation and warm operation remains constant or practically constant for all radial positions. Deviations from a constant value are to be understood as practically constant, for example, which lead to no more than 20% difference between local compressive stresses in the circumferential direction compared to an average compressive stress in the form fit. Edge areas or local defects in the form fit can naturally lead to greater deviations.
- especially for rings with a large ratio of ring height to ring diameter e.g.
- the ratios of the expansion coefficients from the inside to the outside are selected in such a way that the product of the expansion coefficient, circumference and Temperature increase from cold installation and warm operation remains constant or practically constant for all radial positions.
- the adjacent sub-segments can also have a toothed surface in relation to one another, which in the installed state leads to a labyrinth-like seal in the radial direction.
- the size of the gap in the radial direction of the sub-segments can therefore decrease, in which case the size of the gap, i.e. the distance between the adjacent sub-segments, is superimposed in terms of extension, particularly when the ceramic or quasi-ceramic element consists of different layers or parts of different material composition, for example in terms of porosity, particle size, chemical composition, etc.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a metal ring 10, which forms part of the stator as a ring in the area of the individual partial elements 20, also called partial segments.
- this outer ring 10 can be divided once or several times 11 for a better integration of the ring-shaped mounted partial elements 20 .
- a continuous outer ring 10 is also not excluded. However, this requires that the installation of the sub-segments 20 is ensured by precautions when inserting the last sub-element.
- the outer ring 10 consists of a metallic material, while the sub-segments 20 consist at least partially of ceramic materials.
- the outer rings 10 can be arranged in such a way that they are only operatively connected to one row of moving blades.
- the compressive stress of the sub-segments is preferably limited to a maximum of 50 MPa during initial installation, which on the one hand leads to a snug fit and on the other hand there is a sufficiently large upward stress reserve for full operation.
- the surface on the rotor side has a compressive stress of greater than zero MPa up to 500 MPa for all operating temperatures due to the thickness ratios, the temperature dependence of the thermal expansion coefficients and the stiffness of all materials, with which the sub-segment covers the entire operative load range of the Flow machine can cover.
- figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a section of the stator component in the area of the sub-segment 20.
- the in figure 2 The element shown, made of a ceramic or quasi-ceramic material, forms part of a coherent inner ring, which 1 particularly pronounced.
- the sub-segment 20 is shown here in terms of a unitary body.
- This unitary body can consist of a uniform material (not part of the claimed invention) or of different materials, e.g. B. be joined by sintering to form a monolithic body.
- the body thus sintered can then have desired and predefined gradually changing chemical and physical properties.
- this is not mandatory in itself, because the sub-segment can also consist of a number of sub-bodies, at least in the radial direction, which can also consist of different materials with different material structures, with the ultimate purpose that the stress and strain behavior of the inner ring during operation meet predetermined values. Accordingly, such variations can also easily affect the sub-segment in the axial direction.
- the entire partial segment 20 must consist integrally of ceramic materials: Configurations can be provided without further ado, in which the incorporation of metallic parts can be useful precisely for the predetermination of the stress and strain behavior.
- the geometric configuration of the partial segment 20 has a polygonal shape at least in the radial direction, which deviates from a purely rectangular shape at the corners. This is preferably to be provided insofar as the stress-critical edges 22 of the sub-segment 20 experience a significant relief in the installed state.
- sealing elements are provided between the outer diameter of the outer ring and the inner diameter of the inner ring, which generally prevent a radial flow of the working medium from the main flow channel into the stator.
- sealing elements are components of positioning elements 23 acting on the sub-segment 20, which ensure that the expansions between the sub-segments and the outer ring can be absorbed at least axially. Since the sealing element is then part of this dynamic positioning element 23, the active effect of the sealing element during operation is maximized.
- each sub-segment On both sides thereof and in the circumferential direction.
- the rotor side surface of the Sub-segment has a layer 21 that can be abraded, which in certain operating configurations of the turbomachine contributes to the active removal of this layer by the tip of the moving blade 30 rotating past there, minimizing the gap between the sub-segment and blade tip and thus minimizing the blade tip leakage.
- the outer ring 10 is also penetrated by a feed channel 24 via which a coolant is fed to the sub-segments 20 .
- Figures 3 and 4 show an alternative when merging adjacent sub-segments, in the sense that no direct positive or non-positive connection is created here during installation, but the sub-segments abut each other more or less loosely in the circumferential direction, forming a pointed gap 29 .
- This gap 25 tapers in the radial direction, the angle ⁇ being between 5° and 30°.
- the basic idea behind this design is the fact that the expansions decrease in the radial direction as a result of the temperature profile, so the spacing on the inside must be greater than on the outside.
- the gap formed can be as in figure 3 be formed over the entire radial extension of the sub-segment. However, it is also conceivable that the gap is only present over part of the radial extent.
- the gap is preferably formed in the rotor-side area of the sub-segment.
- the gap can be straight or curved.
- the spacing is maintained in such a way that, during operation, a frictional connection is created between the adjacent sub-segments, which leads to a predetermined course of the compressive stress over the entire radial extent or also only over radial sections of the sub-segments.
- the compressive stress will be uniform or approximately uniform.
- figure 4 as a view of the circular surface of the inner ring then shows how a toothing of the two adjacent sub-segments 20 can be carried out by creating a labyrinth course that prevents the flow of hot working gases between the sub-segments.
- the spacing is kept so that during operation between the adjacent sub-segments creates a frictional connection, which now fails approximately uniformly over the entire radial extent or even over radial sections of the sub-segments by just one initial different gap size is provided, as the arrows at X and Y want to characterize.
- With a labyrinth design there does not have to be a force fit everywhere, since the form fit of the labyrinth itself provides the seal.
- the sub-segment 20 is composed of different materials with different expansion coefficients in the radial direction, this must be taken into account when designing the gap size 28 so that the desired frictional connection is achieved during operation along the adjacent sub-segments.
- this expansion behavior of the sub-segments in the radial direction can also be significantly influenced by means of a differentiated structure, this in correlation to the different temperatures that naturally prevail in the radial direction of the sub-segment. Even with such an installation, the compressive stress during operation should not exceed 500 MPa.
- Figure 5a and 6 show a possible cooling configuration of the sub-segments starting from the coolant supply channel 24.
- the sub-segment 20 then has, in the circumferential direction, an inner chamber 25 that is in operative connection with the supply channel 24 and is connected across all sub-segments 20, from which angled flow channels 26 branch off, which provide integral cooling of the sub-segment.
- the cooling medium is then conducted to the outside via the continuation 27 provided in each flow channel 26 .
- Figure 5a shows that the chamber 25a is only available for a partial segment 20, so that a corresponding number of supply channels 24 must be provided.
- grooves can also be provided in the area of the radially running boundary surface on the side of the individual sub-segments 20 positioned next to one another, which on the one hand form the active abutment surface between two adjacent Reduce elements, but on the other hand contribute to the fact that it leads to a defined, richer, form-fitting abutment surface between the elements.
- These grooves which run radially and are not shown in more detail in the figures, can also be used as cooling paths, the cooling of which acts at least in the region of the sub-segments that adjoin one another. This option can also be used to specifically influence the expansion behavior of the sub-segments relative to one another in certain operating states of the turbomachine.
- the individual sub-segments should be able to be joined together to form a ring in such a way that the abutting surfaces of the adjacent elements form a gas-tight connection, particularly during operation of the turbomachine, and also lead to a compressive stress that does not exceed 500 MPa.
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Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Statorbauteil einer Strömungsmaschine.The present invention relates to a stator component of a turbomachine.
Aus dem Stand der Technik ist ein Turbinengehäuse einer Verbrennungsmaschine bekannt geworden, das im Wesentlichen aus einem Heissgaskanal gebildet ist, durch welchen die heissen Arbeitsgase strömen. Auf Grund eines solchen Betriebs wird vorzugsweise eine aus einem hitzebeständigen Material hergestellte Auskleidung an der Innenwandfläche dieses Heissgaskanals vorgesehen, um zu verhindern, dass die übrige metallische Oberfläche des Gehäuses direkt mit den heissen Arbeitsgasen in Kontakt kommt. Für gewöhnlich besteht diese Wärmeschutzauskleidung aus mehreren Teilsegmenten, welche an der Innenfläche des Turbinengehäuses in Umfangsrichtung angeordnet sind, so dass sie an sich einen Ring bilden. Um Probleme der Wärmedehnung bei hoher Temperatur zu vermeiden, sind die jeweiligen Teilsegmente in Umfangsrichtung voneinander beabstandet.A turbine housing of an internal combustion engine has become known from the prior art, which is essentially formed from a hot gas duct through which the hot working gases flow. Due to such operation, a liner made of a refractory material is preferably provided on the inner wall surface of this hot gas duct to prevent the remaining metallic surface of the housing from directly contacting the hot working gases. Usually, this thermal protection lining consists of several sub-segments, which are arranged on the inner surface of the turbine housing in the circumferential direction, so that they form a ring. In order to avoid thermal expansion problems at high temperature, the respective sub-segments are circumferentially spaced from each other.
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Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen. Der Erfindung, wie sie in den Ansprüchen gekennzeichnet ist, liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, einen Statorbauteil vorzuschlagen, bei welchem auf eine spezielle Beabstandung der einzelnen Teilsegmente zueinander in Umfangsrichtung und gegenüber der Laufschaufelspitzen, insbesondere auf die Ausgestaltung der rotorseitigen Oberfläche der Teilsegmente, verzichtet werden kann. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es auch, eine Konfiguration und Konstellation der Teilsegmente vorzuschlagen, bei welchen die Probleme der Wärmedehnungen und der Druckspannungen auf einfache Art und Weise gelöst werden können.This is where the invention aims to remedy the situation. The invention, as characterized in the claims, is based on the object of proposing a stator component in which a special spacing of the individual sub-segments from one another in the circumferential direction and relative to the rotor blade tips, in particular the design of the rotor-side surface of the sub-segments, is dispensed with can. The object of the invention is also to propose a configuration and constellation of the sub-segments in which the problems of thermal expansion and compressive stresses can be solved in a simple manner.
Die vorliegende Aufgabe wird durch ein Statorbauteil einer Strömungsmaschine gemäß dem unabhängigen Anspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen definiert.The present object is solved by a stator component of a turbomachine according to independent claim 1 . Advantageous embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.
Dabei wird der Statorbauteil einer Strömungsmaschine so ausgebildet, dass er im Wesentlichen aus einem Aussenring und einem Innenring besteht, wobei der Aussenring als Fassung des aus einzelnen Teilsegmenten gebildeten Innenringes dient. Die Teilsegmente sind so aneinander angeordnet, dass sie, eingefasst durch den Aussenring, rotorseitig eine zusammenhängende kreisförmige Umfangsoberfläche bilden. Diese Teilsegmente des Innenrings haben im eingebauten Zustand in eine Strömungsmaschine in einem Schnitt senkrecht zur Drehachse der Strömungsmaschine, einen trapezförmigen oder quasitrapezförmigen Querschnitt, wobei die parallelen oder quasi-parallelen Seiten des Trapezes die radiale innen bzw. radiale Aussenseite des Ringes bilden. Im Verbund miteinander bilden die Teilsegmente, unter einem beim Betrieb der Strömungsmaschine im Auslegungspunkt annähernd gleichmässigen Umfangs- und Radialdruck, einen selbstragenden Innenring.The stator component of a turbomachine is designed in such a way that it consists essentially of an outer ring and an inner ring, with the outer ring serving as a mount for the inner ring formed from individual sub-segments. The sub-segments are arranged next to one another in such a way that, framed by the outer ring, they form a continuous circular peripheral surface on the rotor side. When installed in a turbomachine, these partial segments of the inner ring have a trapezoidal or quasi-trapezoidal shape in a section perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the turbomachine Cross-section where the parallel or quasi-parallel sides of the trapezium form the radial inside and radial outside of the ring, respectively. In combination with each other, the sub-segments form a self-supporting inner ring under an approximately uniform circumferential and radial pressure at the design point during operation of the turbomachine.
Nach einer Ausführungsform ist das Teilsegment mindestens in einem Querschnitt normal zur Umfangsrichtung des Rings von prismatischer oder quasi-prismatischer Form.According to one embodiment, the sub-segment is of prismatic or quasi-prismatic shape, at least in a cross-section perpendicular to the circumferential direction of the ring.
Die Abgrenzungsoberfläche eines jeden Teilsegmentes weist gegenüber der inneren Umfangsfläche des Aussenringes eine im Wesentlichen plane, konkave, konvexe oder kugelig verlaufende Oberfläche auf, wobei das Teilsegment selbst aus einem einzigen monolithisch aufgebauten Werkstoff oder aus mehreren verschieden dimensionierten oder zusammengesetzten Verbundmaterialien bestehen kann. Der hierfür eingesetzte Werkstoff oder die dafür verwendeten Verbundmaterialien zur Bildung eines solchen Teilsegments weisen eine gleichförmige und/oder ungleichförmige Gefügestruktur auf.The delimiting surface of each sub-segment has a substantially planar, concave, convex or spherical surface with respect to the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring, the sub-segment itself being able to consist of a single monolithic material or of several composite materials of different dimensions or composition. The material used for this or the composite materials used to form such a partial segment have a uniform and/or non-uniform microstructure.
Das so gebildete Teilsegment weist in Abhängigkeit der Lastbereiche der Strömungsmaschine ein predeterminiertes Spannungs- und/oder Dehnungsverhalten auf. Dieses Dehnungsverhalten der Teilsegmente lässt sich in radialer und/oder axialer Richtung anhand eines differenzierten Aufbaus unterschiedlich gestalten, dies in Korrelation zu den unterschiedlichen Temperaturen, welche in radialer und axialer Richtung des Teilsegmentes vorherrschen.The sub-segment formed in this way has a predetermined stress and/or expansion behavior depending on the load ranges of the turbomachine. This expansion behavior of the sub-segments can be configured differently in the radial and/or axial direction using a differentiated structure, in correlation to the different temperatures that prevail in the radial and axial direction of the sub-segment.
Das erfindungsgemäße Statorbauteil einer Strömungsmaschine besteht im Wesentlichen aus mindestens einem axialen Aussenring und einem Innenring, wobei der Aussenring als Fassung des aus Teilsegmenten bestehenden Innenringes dient und wobei die Teilsegmente so aneinander angeordnet sein können, dass sie im eingebauten Zustand rotorseitig gegenüber der Drehbewegung von Laufschaufeln einen kreisförmigen Innenring bilden. Dabei bestehen die Teilsegmente aus einem mindestens in radialer Richtung graduell aufgebauten Werkstoff oder mindestens in radialer Richtung aus mehreren aus unterschiedlichen Werkstoffen aufgebauten Teilkörpern. Die so gebildeten Teilsegmente werden in Abhängigkeit der Lastbereiche der Strömungsmaschine im Betrieb der Strömungsmaschine erwärmt, so dass sich von radial innen nach radial aussen ein Temperaturgradient ergibt, wobei die Materialschichtung in den Teilsegmenten so gewählt ist, dass die innen liegenden Materialen einen kleineren Ausdehnungskoeffizienten haben als die äusseren, so dass die durch Ausdehnung der Teilsegmente in Umfangsrichtung zwischen Teilsegmenten des Innenrings resultierende Druckspannung ein prädeterminierten Spannungsverlauf annimmt.The stator component according to the invention of a turbomachine consists essentially of at least one axial outer ring and one inner ring, with the outer ring serving as a mount for the inner ring consisting of sub-segments, and with the sub-segments being able to be arranged on one another in such a way that, when installed, they unite on the rotor side with respect to the rotary movement of rotor blades form a circular inner ring. The partial segments consist of a material that is built up gradually at least in the radial direction or of a plurality of partial bodies that are built up from different materials at least in the radial direction. The sub-segments formed in this way are heated depending on the load ranges of the turbomachine during operation of the turbomachine, so that there is a temperature gradient from radially inside to radially outside, with the layering of material in the subsegments being selected in such a way that the inner materials have a lower coefficient of expansion than the outer ones, so that the compressive stress resulting from the expansion of the sub-segments in the circumferential direction between the sub-segments of the inner ring assumes a predetermined stress profile.
In einer weiteren Ausführung stossen die Teilsegmente in Umfangsrichtung unter Bildung eines spitzförmigen Spaltes aneinander, wobei die Beabstandung im Spalt so gehalten ist, dass aufgrund des Temperaturgradienten im Betrieb zwischen den benachbarten Teilsegmenten einen Kraftschluss entsteht, der über die ganze radiale Ausdehnung oder auch nur über radiale Abschnitte der Teilsegmente nunmehr zu einem prädeterminierten Verlauf der Druckspannung zwischen Teilsegmenten führt. In noch einer Ausführung greifen die Teilsegmente in Umfangsrichtung unter Bildung einer Verzahnung ineinander, wobei die Verzahnung in radialer Richtung so beabstandet ist, dass aufgrund des Temperaturgradienten im Betrieb zwischen den benachbarten Teilsegmenten einen Kraftschluss entsteht, der über die ganze radiale Ausdehnung oder auch nur über radiale Abschnitte der Teilsegmente zu einem prädeterminierten Verlauf der Druckspannung zwischen Teilsegmenten führtIn another embodiment, the sub-segments abut one another in the circumferential direction, forming a pointed gap, with the spacing in the gap being maintained in such a way that due to the temperature gradient during operation, a frictional connection is created between the adjacent sub-segments that extends over the entire radial extent or just over the radial Sections of the sub-segments now leads to a predetermined course of the compressive stress between sub-segments. In another embodiment, the sub-segments engage in one another in the circumferential direction to form teeth, with the teeth being spaced apart in the radial direction in such a way that, due to the temperature gradient during operation, a frictional connection is created between the adjacent sub-segments that extends over the entire radial extent or just over the radial Sections of the sub-segments lead to a predetermined course of the compressive stress between sub-segments
In einer weiteren Ausführung ist die Materialschichtung in den Teilsegmenten so gewählt, dass die innen liegenden Materialen einen kleineren Ausdehnungskoeffizienten haben als die äusseren, so dass die aus Ausdehnung der Teilsegmente in Umfangsrichtung in Kombination mit einem in Umfangsrichtung spitzförmigen Spalt zwischen aneinander stossenden Teilsegmenten, oder in Kombination mit einer in radialer Richtung mit einer beabstandeten Verzahnung ineinandergreifender Teilsegmenten, zu einem prädeterminierten Verlauf der Druckspannung zwischen Teilsegmenten führt ..In a further embodiment, the layering of material in the sub-segments is selected in such a way that the inner materials have a lower coefficient of expansion than the outer ones, so that the expansion of the sub-segments in the circumferential direction in combination with a pointed gap in the circumferential direction between abutting sub-segments, or in Combination with a toothing of interlocking sub-segments that is spaced apart in the radial direction, leads to a predetermined course of the compressive stress between sub-segments..
Ein prädeterminierte Verlauf der Druckspannung kann ein gleichmässiger Radialdruck sein oder ein praktisch konstanten Druckverlauf sein. Dies ist beispielsweise ein Druckverlauf, der über mindestens 80% der Fläche, an der die Teilsegmente aneinander stossen, um nicht mehr als 20% vom Mittelwert der Spannung abweicht.A predetermined course of the compressive stress can be a uniform radial pressure or a practically constant pressure course. This is, for example, a pressure curve that deviates by no more than 20% from the mean value of the stress over at least 80% of the area where the sub-segments abut one another.
Der wesentliche Vorteil der Erfindung ist darin zu sehen, dass das als Element ausgebildete Teilsegment im Wesentlichen aus einem keramischen Werkstoff besteht, welches in Abhängigkeit seines betrieblichen Einsatzes, insbesondere während der transienten Lastbereiche der Strömungsmaschine bis hin zum vollen Betrieb, ein qualitatives und quantitatives differentes Verhalten hinsichtlich der Spannungs- und Dehnungswerte erfüllt.The main advantage of the invention can be seen in the fact that the sub-segment designed as an element essentially consists of a ceramic material which, depending on its operational use, in particular during the transient load ranges of the turbomachine up to full operation, has a qualitatively and quantitatively different behavior fulfilled with regard to the stress and strain values.
Zum Erreichen dieses Zieles wird das keramische Teilsegment so beschaffen, dass es eine graduell aufgebaute Materialstruktur aufweist, welche ein betriebsabhängiges differentes Dehnungs- und Spannungsverhalten ermöglicht.In order to achieve this goal, the ceramic sub-segment is created in such a way that it has a gradual material structure, which enables different expansion and stress behavior depending on the operation.
Darüber hinaus weisen die Werkstoffe der jeweiligen Materialstruktur resp. Teilstruktur des Teilsegmentes chemische und physikalische Eigenschaften auf, welche betriebsnotwendig sind, um beispielsweise die erforderliche Festigkeit und Belastbarkeit der Elemente im Betrieb sicher zu stellen.In addition, the materials of the respective material structure resp. Substructure of the sub-segment chemical and physical properties, which are necessary for operation, for example, to ensure the required strength and resilience of the elements in operation.
Das Teilsegment kann auch aus verschiedenen ineinander inkorporierten Teilkörpern bestehen, welche jeweils aus keramischen Materialien mit verschiedenen chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften aufgebaut sind.The sub-segment can also consist of different sub-bodies incorporated into one another, which are each constructed from ceramic materials with different chemical and physical properties.
Die inkorporierten Teilkörper zur Bildung eines Teilsegmentes können auch untereinander verschiedene Materialstrukturen aufweisen, welche bei bestimmten betrieblichen Zuständen eine bestimmte physikalische Wirkung ergeben.The incorporated sub-bodies to form a sub-segment can also have different material structures from one another, which result in a specific physical effect in specific operational states.
Ein besonders wichtiges Verhalten eines solchen Teilsegmentes betrifft das Dehnungsverhalten bei unterschiedlichen betrieblichen Zuständen der Strömungsmaschine, welche mit den dort operierenden Laufschaufeln der Strömungsmaschine hinsichtlich der sich einstellende Spaltgrösse in Wirkverbindung stehen.A particularly important behavior of such a sub-segment relates to the expansion behavior in different operating states of the turbomachine, which are in operative connection with the moving blades of the turbomachine operating there with regard to the gap size that is established.
Wenn also das keramische Teilsegment ein betriebsabhängiges Dehnungsverhalten und eine Festigkeitsvariabilität resp. ein Sicherheitsverhalten gegen die thermischen Belastungen aufweist, so wird damit die Betriebssicherheit der ganzen Strömungsmaschine maximiert.So if the ceramic sub-segment an operation-dependent expansion behavior and a strength variability, respectively. has a safety behavior against the thermal loads, so that the operational safety of the entire turbomachine is maximized.
Darüber hinaus wirkt sich ein betriebsabhängiges Dehnungsverhalten des keramischen Elements auch positiv auf den Wirkungsgrad der Strömungsmaschine aus, indem beispielsweise die Schaufelspitzen-Leckagen im Bereich Stator/Laufschaufeln minimiert werden können.In addition, an operation-dependent expansion behavior of the ceramic element also has a positive effect on the efficiency of the turbomachine, in that, for example, blade tip leakage in the area of the stator/rotor blades can be minimized.
Grundsätzlich eignet sich ein aus keramischen Werkstoffen gebildetes Element (Teilsegment) vorzüglich als Hitzeschild zu fungieren, insbesondere dann, wenn die Strömungsmaschine eine Gasturbine ist, da es sich bei keramischen Werkstoffen in der Regel um sehr hitzebeständige Materialen handelt.In principle, an element (partial segment) formed from ceramic materials is particularly suitable for functioning as a heat shield, in particular when the turbomachine is a gas turbine, since ceramic materials are generally very heat-resistant materials.
Bei einer solchen Stossrichtung kann das keramische Element auch bloss aus einem Anteil Keramik bestehen, während die restlichen Anteile aus weniger hitzebeständigen Materialien bestehen können. Je nachdem, welches Dehnungs- resp. Spannungsverhalten ein solches Teilsegment erfüllen muss, lässt sich das eine Verhalten zu Gunsten oder zu Lasten des anderen Verhaltens in zulässigen Grenzen auslegen.With such an approach, the ceramic element can also consist of just a proportion of ceramic, while the remaining proportions can consist of less heat-resistant materials. Depending on which stretch resp. If such a sub-segment has to comply with the voltage behavior, one behavior can be interpreted in favor of or to the detriment of the other behavior within permissible limits.
Soweit es die operativen Verhältnisse zulassen, kann das Dehnungsverhalten allein durch jene Materialanteile des eingesetzten Elements erbracht werden, welche auf Grund ihrer chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften die besten Voraussetzungen bieten.As far as the operative conditions permit, the expansion behavior can only be provided by those material parts of the element used which offer the best conditions due to their chemical and physical properties.
Der als Element, also als Teilsegment, bereitgestellte Körper kann durch Sintern aus gepressten Keramikpulver hergestellt werden, was eine hohe Variabilität bei der Werkstoffwahl ermöglicht. So kann die Zusammensetzung des Elements so variiert werden, dass auf verschiedene chemische und physikalische Eigenschaften des Endmaterials hingewirkt wird, so unter anderen bezogen auf die Porosität, Härte, Wärmeleitfähigkeit oder auf andere mechanische, elektrische, thermische und/oder magnetische Eigenschaften.The body provided as an element, ie as a sub-segment, can be produced from pressed ceramic powder by sintering, which enables a high degree of variability in the choice of material. Thus, the composition of the element can be varied to affect various chemical and physical properties of the final material, including porosity, hardness, thermal conductivity, or other mechanical, electrical, thermal, and/or magnetic properties.
Danebst kann das keramische Element auch makroskopisch betrachtet einen soliden Aufbau aufweisen, oder aus verschiedenen ebenfalls makroskopisch aufgebauten Teilkörpern bestehen, deren Zusammenfügung eine feste Verbindung ergeben.In addition, the ceramic element can also have a solid structure when viewed macroscopically, or consist of different sub-bodies which are also structured macroscopically and which, when joined together, result in a firm connection.
Des Weiteren kann das Element auch gezielte strukturierte Hohlräume beinhalten, welche verschiedene Aufgaben erfüllen können. Zum einen können diese Hohlräume für eine interne Kühlung des keramischen oder quasi-keramischen Elements herangezogen werden, wobei diese Kühlung auch so betrieben werden kann, dass mindestens dessen Dehnungsverhalten dynamisch beeinflusst wird. Zum anderen können diese Hohlräume auch so angelegt werden, dass sie selbst ein Mass für ein sich anpassendes Dehnungsverhalten ergeben. Eine Kombination dieser beiden Strukturen zu einem neuen finalen Zweck ist auch möglich.Furthermore, the element can also contain specific structured cavities, which can fulfill different tasks. On the one hand, these cavities can be used for internal cooling of the ceramic or quasi-ceramic element, and this cooling can also be operated in such a way that at least its expansion behavior is dynamically influenced. On the other hand can these cavities are also designed in such a way that they themselves provide a measure of an adapting expansion behavior. A combination of these two structures to a new final purpose is also possible.
Das keramische oder quasi-keramische Element trägt rotorseitig vorzugsweise eine abriebkompatible Schicht, welche in der Regel gegenüber den Laufschaufeln als Dichtungs- und Verschleissschicht ausgebildet ist. Vorzugsweise wird eine gute Dichtung dann erreicht, wenn diese Verschleissschicht jene Eigenschaften aufweist, welche mit einer Anstreifschicht übereinstimmen. Dies ist dann der Fall, wenn die Verschleissschicht auf Grund des dehnungsbedingten Anstreifens der Laufschaufelspitze Einkerbungen resp. Aushöhlungen zulässt, welche mindestens im Normalbetreib der Strömungsmaschine eine maximierte Dichtung zwischen Schaufelspitze und Element bewirken.On the rotor side, the ceramic or quasi-ceramic element preferably carries an abrasion-compatible layer, which is generally designed as a sealing and wear layer opposite the rotor blades. Preferably, a good seal is achieved when this wear layer has properties consistent with an abradable layer. This is the case when the wear layer has indentations or Allows cavities, which cause a maximized seal between blade tip and element at least in normal operation of the turbomachine.
Unabhängig der Möglichkeit, solche abriebkompatible Schichten stirnseitig des Elements vorgesehen werden, greift hier die Erfindung ein, wenn es darum geht, eine maximierte Dichtung zu gewährleisten, indem das Dehnungsverhalten des Elements in Abhängigkeit zur Dehnung des Rotors resp. der Laufschaufeln durch interne Materialdispositionen unterstützt wird, welche zusätzlich die beschriebene Wirkung der abriebkompatiblen Schicht unterstützen.Regardless of the possibility of such abrasion-compatible layers being provided on the face side of the element, the invention intervenes here when it comes to ensuring maximized sealing by the expansion behavior of the element depending on the expansion of the rotor, respectively. of the rotor blades is supported by internal material dispositions, which additionally support the described effect of the abrasion-compatible layer.
Was die formmässige Gestaltung des keramischen oder quasi-keramischen Elementes betrifft, ist seine körperliche Ausdehnung vorzugsweise so ausgebildet, dass sie einen engbegrenzten Sektor des ganzen Ringes bildet. Vorzugsweise wird der rotorseitige Innenring durch eine Anzahl von Elementen gebildet, welche vorzugsweise von identischer Form und Grösse sind, und in radialer Richtung eine Stärke von 3-8 cm aufweisen. In Umfangsrichtung weisen die Elemente beispielsweise einen Bogenwinkel von 10-15° auf, wodurch der gesamte Ring dann aus 24 bis 36 einzelnen Teilsegmenten bestehen wird.As far as the shape of the ceramic or quasi-ceramic element is concerned, its physical extension is preferably designed to form a narrow sector of the whole ring. Preferably, the inner ring on the rotor side is formed by a number of elements, which are preferably of identical shape and size and have a thickness of 3-8 cm in the radial direction. In the circumferential direction, the elements have, for example, an arc angle of 10-15°, as a result of which the entire ring will then consist of 24 to 36 individual sub-segments.
Das jeweilige keramische oder quasi-keramischen Element weist dann vorzugsweise in radialer Richtung (im eingebauten Zustand in einem Schnitt senkrecht zur Drehachse der Strömungsmaschine) die Form eines Trapezes oder eines quasi-Trapezes auf, was sich dann positiv auf die Voraussetzung für eine selbsttragende Struktur in Verbindung mit dem Aussenring auswirken. Unabhängig davon, wie die geometrische Form des Teilsegmentes zugrunde gelegt wird, wird die von den Teilsegmenten gebildete rotorseitige Umfangsoberfläche eine zusammenhängende kreiskonforme Fläche für die dort vorbeidrehenden Laufschaufeln der Strömungsmaschine bilden.The respective ceramic or quasi-ceramic element then preferably has the shape of a trapezium or a quasi-trapezium in the radial direction (in the installed state in a section perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the turbomachine). on what then have a positive effect on the requirement for a self-supporting structure in connection with the outer ring. Irrespective of how the geometric shape of the sub-segment is taken as a basis, the circumferential surface on the rotor side formed by the sub-segments will form a coherent, circular surface for the rotor blades of the turbomachine rotating past there.
Grundsätzlich kann der rotorseitige durch die Elemente gebildete Innenring, wie oben bereits dargelegt, vollumfänglich aus einem keramischen Material bestehen. Bisweilen können auch Zusammensetzungen von bis 70% oder mehr Gewichtsprozente oder Volumenanteile aus einem keramischen Werkstoff bestehen, und die Remanenz zu 100% in Abhängigkeit zum predeterminierten Dehnungs- und Spannungsverhalten aus anderen Materialien bestehen, deren Kompatibilität in Bezug auf die finalen Eigenschaften eines solchen Elements abgestimmt sein muss. Wenn also das Element nicht vollständig aus einem keramischen Werkstoff besteht, spricht die vorliegende Beschreibung oft von quasi-keramischen Elementen.In principle, the inner ring formed by the elements on the rotor side can, as already explained above, consist entirely of a ceramic material. Sometimes compositions of up to 70% or more by weight or volume can consist of a ceramic material, and the remanence can consist of 100% depending on the predetermined strain and stress behavior of other materials whose compatibility with regard to the final properties of such an element is matched have to be. Thus, when the element is not made entirely of ceramic material, the present specification often speaks of quasi-ceramic elements.
Grundsätzlich kann sich der beschriebene Statorbauteil als Ring in axialer Richtung der Strömungsmaschine operativ über alle Stufen der Laufschaufeln erstrecken. Möglich ist es auch, der aus den Teilsegmenten bestehende Innenring in axialer Richtung nur im Bereich der operierenden Laufschaufeln vorzusehen.In principle, the described stator component can operatively extend as a ring in the axial direction of the turbomachine over all stages of the rotor blades. It is also possible to provide the inner ring consisting of the sub-segments in the axial direction only in the area of the operating rotor blades.
Des Weiteren kann disponiert werden, dass bei verschiedenen Stufen die werkstoffmässige Zusammensetzung der Teilsegmente, in Abhängigkeit zu einem bestimmten Dehnungs- und Festigkeitsverhalten, entsprechend abgestimmt wird.Furthermore, it can be arranged that the material composition of the sub-segments is adjusted accordingly at different stages, depending on a specific expansion and strength behavior.
In der Regel werden die keramischen oder quasi-keramischen Elemente in der radialen Erstreckung durch einen äusseren Metallring eingefasst, der für die Stabilität der einzelnen Elemente im Verbund sorgt. Diese Stabilität ist äusserst wichtig, damit die einzelnen Elemente im Betrieb zu einem zusammenhängenden festen Körper mutieren.As a rule, the ceramic or quasi-ceramic elements are surrounded in the radial extension by an outer metal ring, which ensures the stability of the individual elements in the composite. This stability is extremely important so that the individual elements mutate into a coherent solid body during operation.
Gegenüber der inneren Umfangsoberfläche des Metallrings können diese Elemente eine konkave oder konvexe Gegenform aufweisen, welche dazu beitragt, dass die Positionierung dieser Elemente gegenüber dem Metallring, insbesondere während der Montage, zusätzlich eine formschlüssige Passung ergeben.Compared to the inner peripheral surface of the metal ring, these elements can have a concave or convex counter-shape, which contributes to the fact that the Positioning of these elements relative to the metal ring, especially during assembly, also result in a positive fit.
Die keramischen oder quasi-keramischen Elemente können auch, wie oben bereits kurz angetönt, intermediäre Ausnehmungen aufweisen, welche nach Bedarf mit einem Kühlmedium durchströmt werden können. Hierzu lässt sich beispielsweise im Bereich der radial verlaufenden Grenzfläche seitlich der einzelnen aneinander positionierten Elemente Nuten vorsehen, welche zum einen zwar die aktive Anstossfläche zwischen zwei benachbarten Elementen verringert, zum anderen aber dazu beitragen, dass es zu einer definierten satteren formschlüssigen Anstossfläche zwischen den Elementen untereinander führt. Diese radial verlaufenden Nuten können auch als Kühlbahnen verwendet werden, deren Kühlung mindestens im Bereich der zueinander angrenzenden Elemente wirkt. Auch diese Option kann dazu dienen, das Dehnungsverhalten der Elemente bei gewissen betrieblichen Zuständen der Strömungsmaschine gezielt zu beeinflussen. Auf alle Fälle sollen die einzelnen Elemente so zu einem Ring zusammen gefügt werden, bei welchem die Anstossflächen der benachbarten Elemente insbesondere im Betrieb der Strömungsmaschine eine gasdichte oder nahezu gasdichte Verbindung bilden.As already mentioned briefly above, the ceramic or quasi-ceramic elements can also have intermediate recesses through which a cooling medium can flow as required. For this purpose, grooves can be provided, for example, in the area of the radially running boundary surface on the side of the individual elements positioned next to one another, which on the one hand reduces the active abutment surface between two adjacent elements, but on the other hand contributes to a defined, fuller, form-fitting abutment surface between the elements leads. These radially running grooves can also be used as cooling tracks, the cooling of which acts at least in the region of the elements that are adjacent to one another. This option can also be used to specifically influence the expansion behavior of the elements in certain operating states of the turbomachine. In any case, the individual elements should be joined together to form a ring in which the contact surfaces of the adjacent elements form a gas-tight or almost gas-tight connection, particularly when the turbomachine is in operation.
In der Regel wird die Passung im Statorbauteil zwischen Aussenring und von den Teilsegmenten gebildeten Innenring bei der Montage auf mindestens einen Formschluss hinzielen, allenfalls mit einer anfänglichen minimierten Kraftschlusskomponente ausgelegt, wobei der anfängliche Kraftschluss im Betrieb zunehmen wird, und so ausgelegt werden muss, dass eine höchstzulässige Druckspannung zwischen den einzelnen Elementen nicht überschritten wird.As a rule, the fit in the stator component between the outer ring and the inner ring formed by the sub-segments during assembly is aimed at at least one form fit, at most designed with an initially minimized frictional connection component, whereby the initial frictional connection will increase during operation, and must be designed in such a way that a maximum permissible compressive stress between the individual elements is not exceeded.
Es ist indessen ohne Weiteres möglich, bei bestimmten Auslegungsarten die Elemente so vorzusehen, dass sie sich im Betrieb bis zu einer stoffschlüssigen oder quasi-stoffschlüssigen Passung mutieren können, wobei aus Sicherheitsgründen, wenn schon, die quasi-stoffschlüssigen Passung zur Anwendung gelangen wird.It is, however, easily possible to provide the elements in certain types of design in such a way that they can change during operation to a materially bonded or quasi-materially bonded fit, with the quasi-materially bonded fit being used for safety reasons, if at all.
Was die eingesetzte Keramik für die Teilsegmente betrifft, so kann sie aus Zirkonoxiden, Aluminiumoxiden, Magnesiumoxiden bestehen, wobei das Teilsegment oder Anteile davon auch aus verschiedenen Anteilen verschiedener Keramiken zusammengesetzt sein kann.As for the ceramic used for the sub-segments, it can consist of zirconium oxides, aluminum oxides, magnesium oxides, with the sub-segment or Parts thereof can also be composed of different parts of different ceramics.
Betreffend die Spannungs- und Dehnungsverhalten des Teilsegments weist die rotorseitige Oberfläche auf Grund der Dickenverhältnisse, der Temperaturabhängigkeit der thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten und der Steifigkeit aller Materialien eine Druckspannung von grösser Null MPa bis 500 MPA für alle Betriebstemperaturen auf, womit das Teilsegment den ganzen operativen Lastbereich der Strömungsmaschine abdecken kann. Vorzugsweise wird die Druckspannung der Teilsegmente untereinander beim Ersteinbau auf bis zu 50 MPa beschränkt, was einerseits zu einer satten Formpassung führt, und andererseits eine genügend grosse Spannungsreserve für den vollen Betrieb besteht.With regard to the stress and strain behavior of the sub-segment, the surface on the rotor side has a compressive stress of greater than zero MPa to 500 MPa for all operating temperatures due to the thickness ratios, the temperature dependence of the thermal expansion coefficients and the stiffness of all materials, with which the sub-segment covers the entire operative load range of the turbomachine can cover. The compressive stress of the sub-segments is preferably limited to up to 50 MPa when they are first installed, which on the one hand leads to a snug fit and on the other hand there is a sufficiently large stress reserve for full operation.
Die Materialen sind so geschichtet, dass die Materialen auf der radialen Innenseite des Innenrings den kleinsten thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten haben und dieser zur Aussenseite hin zunimmt. Die Verhältnisse der Ausdehnungskoeffizienten sind von innen nach Aussen so gewählt, dass das Produkt von Ausdehnungskoeffizient und Temperaturerhöhung von kaltem Einbau und warmen Betrieb für alle Radialpositionen konstant bzw. praktisch konstant bleibt. Als praktisch konstant sind beispielsweise Abweichungen von einem konstanten Wert zu verstehen, die zu nicht mehr als 20% Differenz zwischen lokalen Druckspannungen in Umfangsrichtung gegenüber einer mittleren Druckspannung in der Formpassung führen. Randbereiche oder lokale Fehlstellen in der Formpassung können dabei naturgemäss zu höhere Abweichungen führen. In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung, insbesondere für Ringe deren Verhältnis von Ringhöhe zu Ringdurchmesser gross ist (z.B. Ringhöhe zu Ringdurchmesser grösser als 0.1 insbesondere grösser als 0.2), werden die Verhältnisse der Ausdehnungskoeffizienten von innen nach aussen so gewählt, dass das Produkt von Ausdehnungskoeffizient, Umfang und Temperaturerhöhung von kaltem Einbau und Warmen Betrieb für alle Radialpositionen konstant bzw. praktisch konstant bleibt.The materials are layered in such a way that the materials on the radial inside of the inner ring have the smallest coefficient of thermal expansion and this increases towards the outside. The ratios of the coefficients of expansion are selected from the inside to the outside in such a way that the product of the coefficient of expansion and the temperature increase from cold installation and warm operation remains constant or practically constant for all radial positions. Deviations from a constant value are to be understood as practically constant, for example, which lead to no more than 20% difference between local compressive stresses in the circumferential direction compared to an average compressive stress in the form fit. Edge areas or local defects in the form fit can naturally lead to greater deviations. In a further embodiment, especially for rings with a large ratio of ring height to ring diameter (e.g. ring height to ring diameter greater than 0.1, in particular greater than 0.2), the ratios of the expansion coefficients from the inside to the outside are selected in such a way that the product of the expansion coefficient, circumference and Temperature increase from cold installation and warm operation remains constant or practically constant for all radial positions.
Die benachbarten Teilsegmente können auch zueinander eine verzahnte Oberfläche aufweisen, welche im eingebauten Zustand im radialen Verlauf zu einer labyrinthähnlichen Dichtung führt. Bei einer solchen Konfiguration, muss noch vorgesehen werden, dass das unterschiedliche Dehnungsverhalten der benachbarten Teilsegmente zueinander sowohl in radialer Richtung als auch in Umfangsrichtung während des Anfahrens und im Betrieb durch eine entsprechende anfängliche Disposition der Spaltgrösse entlang des so gebildeten Labyrinths berücksichtigt wird. Also kann die Spaltgrösse in radialer Richtung der Teilsegmente abnehmend sein, wobei in diesem Zusammenhang die Spaltgrösse, also die Beabstandung zwischen den benachbarten Teilsegmenten, eine dehnungsmässige Überlagerung erfährt, insbesondere dann, wenn das keramische oder quasi-keramische Element in radialer Richtung aus verschiedenen Schichten oder Teilkörpern unterschiedlicher Materialzusammensetzung besteht, beispielsweise hinsichtlich der Porosität, der Partikelgrösse, der chemischen Zusammensetzung, etc.The adjacent sub-segments can also have a toothed surface in relation to one another, which in the installed state leads to a labyrinth-like seal in the radial direction. With such a configuration, it must still be provided that the different expansion behavior of the adjacent sub-segments to one another is taken into account both in the radial direction and in the circumferential direction during start-up and during operation by a corresponding initial disposition of the gap size along the labyrinth thus formed. The size of the gap in the radial direction of the sub-segments can therefore decrease, in which case the size of the gap, i.e. the distance between the adjacent sub-segments, is superimposed in terms of extension, particularly when the ceramic or quasi-ceramic element consists of different layers or parts of different material composition, for example in terms of porosity, particle size, chemical composition, etc.
Alle für das unmittelbare Verständnis der Erfindung nicht wesentlichen Elemente sind fortgelassen worden. Gleiche Elemente sind in den verschiedenen Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine Darstellung eines Statorbauteils aus einem zusammenhängenden mit Aussenring und einem aus Teilsegmenten bestehenden Innenring,
- Fig. 2
- eine Darstellung eines Ausschnitts durch einen Statorbauteil in einem radialen Schnitt,
- Fig. 3
- Teilsegmente, welche zueinander eine Beabstandung aufweisen,
- Fig. 4
- eine labyrinthartige Beabstandung zwischen benachbarten Teilsegmenten,
- Fig. 5
- eine Konfiguration betreffend die Kühlung der Teilsegmente,
- Fig. 5a
- eine weitere Konfiguration betreffend die Kühlung der Teilsegmente und
- Fig. 6
- eine Austrittskonfiguration des Kühlmittels aus dem Teilsegment.
- 1
- a representation of a stator component consisting of a coherent outer ring and an inner ring consisting of partial segments,
- 2
- a representation of a section through a stator component in a radial section,
- 3
- sub-segments which are spaced apart from each other,
- 4
- a labyrinthine spacing between adjacent sub-segments,
- figure 5
- a configuration regarding the cooling of the sub-segments,
- Figure 5a
- another configuration relating to the cooling of the sub-segments and
- 6
- an exit configuration of the coolant from the sub-segment.
Vorzugsweise wird die Druckspannung der Teilsegmente untereinander beim Ersteinbau auf bis maximal 50 MPa beschränkt, was einerseits zu einer satten Formpassung führt, und andererseits eine genügend grosse Spannungsreserve nach oben für den vollen Betrieb besteht.The compressive stress of the sub-segments is preferably limited to a maximum of 50 MPa during initial installation, which on the one hand leads to a snug fit and on the other hand there is a sufficiently large upward stress reserve for full operation.
Betreffend die Spannungs- und Dehnungsverhalten des Teilsegments weist die rotorseitige Oberfläche auf Grund der Dickenverhältnisse, der Temperaturabhängigkeit der thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten und der Steifigkeit aller Materialien eine Druckspannung von grösser Null MPa bis zu 500 MPA für alle Betriebstemperaturen auf, womit das Teilsegment den ganzen operativen Lastbereich der Strömungsmaschine abdecken kann.With regard to the stress and strain behavior of the sub-segment, the surface on the rotor side has a compressive stress of greater than zero MPa up to 500 MPa for all operating temperatures due to the thickness ratios, the temperature dependence of the thermal expansion coefficients and the stiffness of all materials, with which the sub-segment covers the entire operative load range of the Flow machine can cover.
Das Teilsegment 20 ist hier im Sinne eines einheitlich aufgebauten Körpers dargestellt. Dieser einheitliche Körper kann aus einem uniformen Material (nicht Teil der beanspruchten Erfindung) oder aus verschiedenen Materialien bestehen, die z. B. durch Sintern zu einem monolithischen Körper gefügt werden. Der so gesinterte Körper kann dann gewünschte und vordefinierte sich graduell änderte chemische und physikalische Eigenschaften aufweisen. Dies ist an sich aber nicht zwingend, denn das Teilsegment kann mindestens in radialer Richtung auch aus einer Anzahl Teilkörper bestehen, welche untereinander auch aus unterschiedlichen Werkstoffen mit unterschiedlichen Materialgefügen bestehen können, mit dem finalen Zweck, dass das Spannungs- und Dehnungsverhalten des Innenringes im Betrieb predeterminierte Werte erfüllen. Demnach können solche Variationen ohne Weiteres auch das Teilsegment in axialer Richtung betreffen. Des Weiteren ist es nicht zwingend, dass das ganze Teilsegment 20 integral aus keramischen Werkstoffen bestehen muss: Es lassen sich ohne Weiteres Konfigurationen vorsehen, bei welchen der Einbau von metallischen Anteilen gerade der Predeterminierung der Spannungs- und Dehnungsverhalten nützlich sein können. Die geometrische Ausgestaltung des Teilsegmentes 20 weist mindestens in radialer Richtung eine Vieleckform auf, welche eckseitig von einer reinen rechteckigen Form abweicht. Dies ist insofern vorzugsweise vorzusehen, als damit die spannungskritischen Kanten 22 des Teilsegmentes 20 im eingebauten Zustand eine wesentliche Entlastung erfahren. Im Bereich der radialen Ausdehnung der Teilsegmente sind Dichtungselemente zwischen Aussendurchmesser Aussenring und Innendurchmesser Innenring vorgesehen, welche eine radiale Strömung des Arbeitsmediums von dem Hauptströmungskanal in den Stator allgemein verhindern.The sub-segment 20 is shown here in terms of a unitary body. This unitary body can consist of a uniform material (not part of the claimed invention) or of different materials, e.g. B. be joined by sintering to form a monolithic body. The body thus sintered can then have desired and predefined gradually changing chemical and physical properties. However, this is not mandatory in itself, because the sub-segment can also consist of a number of sub-bodies, at least in the radial direction, which can also consist of different materials with different material structures, with the ultimate purpose that the stress and strain behavior of the inner ring during operation meet predetermined values. Accordingly, such variations can also easily affect the sub-segment in the axial direction. Furthermore, it is not mandatory that the entire
Diese Dichtungselemente sind Bestandteile von auf das Teilsegment 20 wirkenden Positionierungselementen 23, welche dafür sorgen, dass die Dehnungen zwischen Teilsegmenten und Aussenring mindestens axial aufgefangen werden können. Indem das Dichtungselement dann Bestandteil dieses dynamischen Positionierungselementes 23 ist, wird die aktive Wirkung des Dichtungselementes im Betrieb maximiert.These sealing elements are components of
Diese Dichtungselemente werden im Bereich jedes Teilsegmentes auf beiden Seiten desselben und in Umfangsrichtung angeordnet. Die rotorseitige Oberfläche des Teilsegmentes weist eine abreibbare Schicht 21 auf, welche bei bestimmten Betriebskonfigurationen der Strömungsmaschine dazu beiträgt, dass durch aktiven Abtrag dieser Schicht durch die dort vorbeidrehenden Spitze der Laufschaufel 30 der Spalt zwischen Teilsegment und Schaufelspitze minimiert wird und damit die Schaufelspitzen-Leckage minimiert wird. Der Aussenring 10 ist des Weiteren durch einen Zufuhrkanal 24 durchsetzt, über welchen ein Kühlmittel zu den Teilsegmenten 20 herangeführt wird.These sealing elements are arranged in the area of each sub-segment on both sides thereof and in the circumferential direction. The rotor side surface of the Sub-segment has a
Wenn nun das Teilsegment 20 in radialer Richtung aus verschiedenartigen Werkstoffen mit unterschiedlichen Dehnungskoeffizienten zusammengesetzt ist, so muss dies bei der Auslegung der Spaltgrösse 28 entsprechend berücksichtig werden, damit der angestrebte Kraftschluss im Betrieb entlang der benachbarten Teilsegmente erzielt wird. Zusammenfassend lässt sich also sagen, dass sich dieses Dehnungsverhalten der Teilsegmente in radialer Richtung auch anhand eines differenzierten Aufbaus gewichtig beeinflussen lässt, dies in Korrelation zu den unterschiedlichen Temperaturen, welche in radialer Richtung des Teilsegmentes naturgemäss vorherrschen. Auch bei einem solchen Einbau gilt, dass die Druckspannung im Betrieb nicht grösser 500 MPa betragen sollte.If the sub-segment 20 is composed of different materials with different expansion coefficients in the radial direction, this must be taken into account when designing the
In den
Auf alle Fälle sollen die einzelnen Teilsegmente so zu einem Ring zusammen gefügt werden können, dass die Anstossflächen der benachbarten Elemente insbesondere im Betrieb der Strömungsmaschine eine gasdichte Verbindung bilden, und darüber hinaus zu einer Druckspannung führt, welche nicht grösser als 500 MPa ausfällt.In any case, the individual sub-segments should be able to be joined together to form a ring in such a way that the abutting surfaces of the adjacent elements form a gas-tight connection, particularly during operation of the turbomachine, and also lead to a compressive stress that does not exceed 500 MPa.
Claims (17)
- Stator component of a turbomachine, substantially comprising at least one axial outer ring (10) and an inner ring, wherein the outer ring (10) serves as a holder of an inner ring consisting of partial segments (20), wherein the partial segments are arranged against one another such that, in installed state, they form the inner ring as a circular inner ring,wherein the partial segments (20) consist of one of the following materials:i) a material which is gradually built up at least in the radial direction,ii) a material which is formed at least in the radial direction from several part bodies constructed from different materials,and, depending on the load regions of the turbomachine, the partial segments (20) are heated during operation of the turbomachine so that a temperature gradient is formed radially from inside to outside,wherein the material layering in the partial segments (20) is selected such that the materials lying on the inside have a lower expansion coefficient than those on the outside, so that the compressive stress resulting from expansion of the partial segments (20), in the circumferential direction between partial segments (20) of the inner ring, assumes a predetermined stress gradient, andwherein the partial segments (20) have internal flow channels (26) through which a coolant can flow.
- Stator component according to claim 1, characterised in that the partial segment consists fully or partially of a ceramic material.
- Stator component according to claim 2, characterised in that the partial segment consists of ceramic to at least 70% by weight or volume.
- Stator component according to claim 3, characterised in that the ceramic material is constructed substantially of zircon oxides and/or aluminium oxides and/or magnesium oxides.
- Stator component according to claim 1, characterised in that in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction of the inner ring (20), the partial segment consists of part bodies constructed from different materials.
- Stator component according to claim 1, characterised in that the outer ring (10) consists fully or partly of a metallic material.
- Stator component according to claim 1, characterised in that the outer ring (10) of the stator component is constructed in one piece or from multiple pieces.
- Stator component according to claim 1, characterised in that at least in a cross-section perpendicular to the circumferential direction of the ring, the partial segment has a prismatic or quasi-prismatic shape, and has a substantially flat, concave, convex or part-spherical surface relative to the inner circumferential surface of the outer ring (10).
- Stator component according to any of claims 1-8, characterised in that the partial segments joined into an assembly have a form-fit, force-fit or substance-bonded fit in the circumferential direction and/or in the radial direction.
- Stator component according to claim 9, characterised in that the partial segments are inserted by force fit to form the inner ring (20), and the force fit between the adjacent partial segments has a compressive stress of more than zero and less than 50 MPa.
- Stator component according to claim 10, characterised in that in operation, the force fit between the individual partial segments has a compressive stress of up to 500 MPa.
- Stator component according to claim 9, characterised in that the partial segments are inserted by form fit to form the inner ring (20), and the form fit mutates into a force fit during operation.
- Stator component according to claim 9, characterised in that the partial segments are inserted by form fit to form the inner ring (20), and the form fit comprises an axially or quasi-axially applied labyrinth fit.
- Stator component according to claim 13, characterised in that the labyrinth fit between the adjacent partial segments has a spacing which diminishes at least in the radial direction.
- Stator component according to any of claims 1-14, characterised in that at least one sealing element is inserted in the radial direction between the outer diameter of the outer ring (10) and the inner diameter of the inner ring (20).
- Stator component according to claim 15, characterised in that the sealing element extends on the flank side and in the circumferential direction of the stator component.
- Stator component according to any of claims 1 - 16, characterised in that the partial segment has an abrasive layer on the rotor side.
Priority Applications (1)
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EP13702011.1A EP2807344B1 (en) | 2012-01-26 | 2013-01-25 | Stator component with segmented inner ring for a turbomachine |
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EP12152718 | 2012-01-26 | ||
PCT/EP2013/051508 WO2013110792A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 | 2013-01-25 | Stator component with segmented inner ring for a turbomachine |
EP13702011.1A EP2807344B1 (en) | 2012-01-26 | 2013-01-25 | Stator component with segmented inner ring for a turbomachine |
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EP2807344B1 true EP2807344B1 (en) | 2022-11-30 |
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US (1) | US9702262B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2807344B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5920856B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20150002595A (en) |
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DE102015201782A1 (en) | 2015-02-02 | 2016-08-18 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Guide vane ring for a turbomachine |
CA2924855A1 (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2016-10-29 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Keystoned blade track |
EP3109520B1 (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2020-05-06 | MTU Aero Engines GmbH | Seal carrier, guide blade assembly and fluid flow engine |
US10358932B2 (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2019-07-23 | United Technologies Corporation | Segmented non-contact seal assembly for rotational equipment |
US10287920B2 (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2019-05-14 | General Electric Company | System of supporting turbine diffuser |
EP3290642A1 (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Ring segment for a turbine and assembly for external limiting of a flow path of a turbine |
DE102017209682A1 (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2018-12-13 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Axially split turbomachinery inner ring |
US10876429B2 (en) | 2019-03-21 | 2020-12-29 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Shroud segment assembly intersegment end gaps control |
US11015485B2 (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2021-05-25 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Seal ring for turbine shroud in gas turbine engine with arch-style support |
JP2023042786A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2023-03-28 | 東芝エネルギーシステムズ株式会社 | Turbine stage sealing mechanism and method of manufacturing turbine stage sealing mechanism |
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2013
- 2013-01-25 EP EP13702011.1A patent/EP2807344B1/en active Active
- 2013-01-25 JP JP2014553740A patent/JP5920856B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-01-25 KR KR1020147023793A patent/KR20150002595A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-01-25 RU RU2014134721A patent/RU2615292C2/en active
- 2013-01-25 CN CN201380006649.8A patent/CN104066934B/en active Active
- 2013-01-25 WO PCT/EP2013/051508 patent/WO2013110792A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-01-25 CA CA2860928A patent/CA2860928C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-07-18 US US14/335,203 patent/US9702262B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US5374161A (en) * | 1993-12-13 | 1994-12-20 | United Technologies Corporation | Blade outer air seal cooling enhanced with inter-segment film slot |
WO2009126191A2 (en) * | 2008-04-11 | 2009-10-15 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Sealing arrangement for turbine engine having ceramic components |
EP2236763A2 (en) * | 2009-03-12 | 2010-10-06 | General Electric Company | Turbine Engine Shroud Ring |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2860928C (en) | 2016-10-18 |
US9702262B2 (en) | 2017-07-11 |
WO2013110792A1 (en) | 2013-08-01 |
US20140328672A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 |
JP2015505588A (en) | 2015-02-23 |
RU2615292C2 (en) | 2017-04-04 |
CA2860928A1 (en) | 2013-08-01 |
EP2807344A1 (en) | 2014-12-03 |
CN104066934B (en) | 2016-12-28 |
KR20150002595A (en) | 2015-01-07 |
RU2014134721A (en) | 2016-03-20 |
JP5920856B2 (en) | 2016-05-18 |
CN104066934A (en) | 2014-09-24 |
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