EP2807307B1 - Pfahl für windgenerator - Google Patents

Pfahl für windgenerator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2807307B1
EP2807307B1 EP13703907.9A EP13703907A EP2807307B1 EP 2807307 B1 EP2807307 B1 EP 2807307B1 EP 13703907 A EP13703907 A EP 13703907A EP 2807307 B1 EP2807307 B1 EP 2807307B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pile
combustion
support member
fuel
driver
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Application number
EP13703907.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2807307A1 (de
Inventor
Jasper Stefan Winkes
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Fistuca BV
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Fistuca BV
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Publication of EP2807307A1 publication Critical patent/EP2807307A1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
    • E02D27/425—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys specially adapted for wind motors masts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pile-driver, and more particularly to a pile-driver suitable for offshore operations such as generally known from US 1746848 A1 .
  • the invention relates to a method for driving a pile downward into the ground using such a pile-driver.
  • the pile-driving itself usually takes place by dropping a ram forming part of a pile hammer onto the pile from some height via a striker plate.
  • Typical properties of such a pile hammer for striking a monopile for the purpose of offshore wind turbines are a length of about 15 m and a mass of about 140 tons (with a drop block of 60 tons), as well as an associated striker plate of about 150-200 tons.
  • the impact of the falling drop block drives a pile into the ground but is accompanied by a considerable noise production. This noise production is particularly undesirable in offshore operations, since sound carries very far in water and may thereby disrupt marine life a great distance away from the pile-driving location.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a pile-driver and method for applying thereof, wherein said drawbacks do not occur, or do so to at least lesser extent.
  • pile-driver according to the invention, comprising:
  • reaction reaction
  • the pile-driving process according to the invention is accompanied by another type of sound which is less harmful to marine life.
  • a further advantage of a conventional pile-driver being unnecessary is that such a heavy structure with correspondingly suitable vessel is unnecessary. It suffices to place a pile using a crane suitable for the purpose and correspondingly suitable vessel, and to drive the pile only partially into the ground, after which the vessel with the crane can be replaced by a smaller vessel. This is particularly advantageous, since operation of such a large vessel with conventional pile-driver involves considerable cost.
  • the support member arranged according to the invention in transverse direction on the pile imparts an increased load-bearing capacity to the pile-driver when this support member is driven onto the underlying ground.
  • This high load-bearing capacity is derived from the support member which under downward load - in addition to the point resistance and shaft friction resistance present for each pile - encounters an additional resistance from the ground being compressed.
  • the flexible member located above the support member comprises a flexible membrane which, together with the support member, encloses the combustion space of variable volume.
  • this combustion space is preferably enclosed by the support member and the flexible member together.
  • the medium present above the support member is separated from the surrounding area by a separating wall. Because the medium is located in the pile and thereby closed off at least by the wall of the pile from the water present outside the pile, only this medium is displaced as a result of the expansion of the combustion space. Because the displaced medium is isolated from the surrounding area, a shockwave in the surrounding water is prevented. Shockwaves harmful to marine life are thus prevented during the pile-driving operations.
  • the pile-driver is integrated into the pile, and the separating wall separating the medium present above the support member from the surrounding area is the wall of the pile. Because the pile-driver is integrated into the pile, a plurality of piles can be driven substantially simultaneously, whereby marine life is exposed for a much shorter period of time to noise nuisance resulting from the pile-driving.
  • the pile is received extendably in a post of a framework construction and the support member arranged on the pile is mounted in or on the pile, wherein the separating wall separating the medium present above the support member from the surrounding area is the wall of the pile and/or the wall of the post of the framework construction.
  • each pile has to be driven individually or each pile is anchored separately, which, with the conventional pile-drivers, takes a number of working hours proportional to the number of piles.
  • Arranging the pile extendably in a post of the framework construction (or space frame) as according to the invention enables this framework to be submerged to the seabed, after which the pile can be driven downward from the framework into the seabed. Because a conventional pile-driver is not required, according to the invention the different piles can be driven substantially simultaneously into the ground.
  • the number of working hours is not therefore proportional to the number of piles: the driving of three piles takes almost the same amount of time as driving a single pile. This is particularly advantageous for marine life, which is exposed for a much shorter period of time to noise nuisance resulting from the pile-driving.
  • the system according to the invention is therefore able to pile-drive preassembled constructions, wherein the foundation is, if desired, already attached to the wind turbine. Such a construction can be shipped in and submerged before the construction is driven into place.
  • the medium present above the support member is water.
  • Water is present in abundance particularly in the case of offshore pile-driving, whereby transport of an alternative medium to the location is unnecessary.
  • a further advantage of water is the high heat transfer coefficient thereof, whereby there is rapid discharge and distribution of the heat released during combustion.
  • the flexible membrane is manufactured from rubber. Rubber can impart the desired stretchability to the flexible membrane and is surprisingly able to withstand the temperatures occurring during combustion when a medium with sufficiently high heat transfer coefficient, such as water, is utilized as reaction mass.
  • the pile-driver further comprises a fuel supply channel for carrying fuel into the combustion space, and a combustion product discharge channel for discharging combustion products after combustion. Because the combustion space can be filled with fuel and emptied of combustion products in a short time, the system is suitable for a series of successive combustions in a relatively short period of time.
  • At least a closure is provided which, together with the support member and the separating wall, encloses a substantially gas-tight volume, and wherein a pump is further provided for the purpose of thereby carrying a fluid into and/or out of the substantially gas-tight volume.
  • the fluid is preferably air and/or water, wherein using the fluid air a pre-pressure can be applied in the substantially gas-tight closed space, and the fluid water provides a reaction mass.
  • a pile which is driven into the ground encounters a total driving resistance which is the sum of the point resistance and the shaft friction resistance.
  • a total driving resistance which is the sum of the point resistance and the shaft friction resistance.
  • both resistances and therefore the total driving resistance vary. Influencing the quantity of water and air present in the substantially gas-tight volume by using the pump makes it possible to optimize the pressure build-up profile in accordance with the driving force desired at that moment.
  • Control means which determine the desired driving force for a specific set of parameters can control the pump accordingly. Tests have shown that, when a pre-pressure is applied, only 5 metres water column can already realize a peak pressure of 10-15 bar. Higher peak pressures can be achieved with a higher water column.
  • the point resistance and/or the shaft friction resistance can also be reduced by introducing a liquid during driving of the pile, for instance at the head of the pile or along the wall of the pile.
  • a liquid is grout, a mixture of cement and water. When this grout later cures, a better attachment of the pile to the soil is also achieved, whereby the load-bearing capacity is finally higher than if this pile were to be driven without this liquid.
  • a plurality of combustion spaces of variable volume are enclosed between the support member and one or more flexible membranes.
  • the system can be applied more flexibly by using a plurality of combustion spaces. It is thus possible for instance to coordinate successive combustions with each other in optimal manner. It is possible on the one hand to envisage a subsequent combustion space already being filled with fuel while a combustion space which has just been ignited still has to be emptied of the combustion products present therein. The subsequent combustion can on the other hand take place during the descent of the reaction mass displaced upward in a previous combustion such that the pressure build-up is optimized in accordance with the driving resistance to be overcome at that moment.
  • At least two ignition mechanisms are provided which are adapted to selectively ignite the fuel in one or more predetermined combustion spaces. Selective ignition of one or more predetermined combustion spaces enables the pile to be exposed to an asymmetric load. This makes it possible to control the pile such that a possible misalignment can be corrected.
  • the plurality of combustion spaces are arranged rotation-symmetrically relative to the central longitudinal axis of the pile. Such a disposition provides the option - depending on whether the combustion spaces are ignited simultaneously or selectively - of exerting a symmetrical as well as asymmetrical load on the pile.
  • control means are provided which are adapted to inject extra fuel into a combustion space during the combustion of the fuel and/or to vary the moment of ignition.
  • the pressure build-up profile can hereby be optimized in accordance with the driving force desired at that moment.
  • Control means which determine the desired driving force for a specific set of parameters can control injection of extra fuel accordingly.
  • a flexible membrane which, together with the support member, encloses a combustion space of variable volume.
  • this can likewise be employed for the purpose of driving the pile out of the ground when the supported structure is dismantled.
  • the pile can be driven out of the ground using the same principle with which it has been driven into the ground.
  • this driving out can for instance take place or be supported by means of a pressure build-up in the volume enclosed by the inner wall of the pile, the support member and the seabed.
  • an opening is arranged in the wall of the pile under the support member.
  • 'under' refers to the orientation during the pile-driving process, i.e. the opening is arranged in the wall part between the support member and the ground into which the pile is driven.
  • Arranging a hole of determined (optionally variable) size under the support member makes it possible to regulate the outflow speed of the liquid present under the support member.
  • the descent speed of the pile as a result of an impact can hereby also be limited.
  • the pile can hereby be placed more easily using a crane since there is a risk in normal pile-driving of cable overload.
  • Cable overload refers to a situation in which the pile overshoots by an unexpectedly great distance such that all the available play is exceeded and a high shock load can be transmitted to the hoisting means of the crane. Such a shock load is undesirable and may cause serious damage to the crane.
  • the opening is variable and control means are provided with which the size of the opening can be controlled.
  • the descent speed of the pile can hereby be even better controlled.
  • the combustion space is in gas connection with an underpressure space which is adapted to suction combustion products released during combustion out of the combustion space.
  • an underpressure space which is adapted to suction combustion products released during combustion are suctioned out of the combustion space in a very short time.
  • the combustion products can hereby be removed before the medium displaced in upward direction by the combustion drops back and collides once again with the support member. Because the falling medium does not drop onto a 'gas spring' but actually 'strikes' the support member, the downward force exerted on the support member by this falling medium can be used substantially wholly to drive the pile downward into the ground.
  • the invention further relates to a method for driving a pile downward into the ground, comprising the steps of:
  • the method further comprises the steps of:
  • the method further comprises the step of injecting extra fuel into the combustion space during combustion of the fuel.
  • the pressure build-up profile can hereby be optimized in accordance with the pile-driving force desired at that moment. If desired, control means which determine the desired driving force for a specific set of parameters control the injection of extra fuel accordingly.
  • At least a closure is provided which, together with the support member and a separating wall, encloses a substantially gas-tight volume, and the method comprises the step of carrying a fluid into and/or out of the substantially gas-tight volume using a pump. Influencing the quantity of water and air present in the substantially gas-tight volume using the pump enables the pressure build-up profile to be optimized in accordance with the driving force desired at that moment.
  • the fluid is air which brings about a pre-pressure.
  • the fluid is water which provides a reaction mass.
  • a plurality of combustion spaces of variable volume are enclosed between the flexible membrane and the support member, and the method comprises the step of selectively igniting the fuel in one or more predetermined combustion spaces.
  • the system can be applied more flexibly by using a plurality of combustion spaces.
  • the pile is arranged extendably in a post of a framework construction, and the method further comprises the steps of:
  • the pile is driven to a depth into the ground such that the support member exerts a pressure on the ground enclosed by the pile.
  • the pile encounters an additional resistance in downward direction from the ground being compressed. This increases the load-bearing capacity of this pile.
  • the combustion space is in gas connection with an underpressure space and the method comprises the step, almost immediately after a combustion, of suctioning out of the combustion space the combustion products formed therein, so that these combustion products are at least substantially removed from the combustion space before the medium displaced in upward direction by the combustion drops back and collides once again with the support member.
  • the offshore wind turbine 26 shown in figure 1 is a so-called monopile construction and comprises a pile 2 which is driven fixedly into the ground 30 below water level 28.
  • FIG. 1 The operating principle of fixedly driving the wind turbine construction 26 of figure 1 is shown schematically in figure 2 using stages A, B and C.
  • a support member 4 Arranged in pile 2 is a support member 4, directly above which is located a flexible member 6.
  • Flexible member 6 encloses a combustion space 8 which is filled with a fuel. When this fuel combusts, flexible member 6 will expand in a very short time, whereby the medium 32 present above support member 4 and flexible member 6 will be moved in upward direction away from support member 4. Although other media are likewise suitable, use is preferably made of the medium water, which is available in abundance offshore. In stage B water column 32 is displaced in upward direction by the expansion of flexible member 6.
  • a fuel supply channel 12 Obtained by means of a fuel supply channel 12, an oxygen supply channel 13 and a combustion product discharge channel 14 is a device which is suitable for bringing about a series of successive combustions. It will be apparent that the fuel supply channel 12 and the oxygen supply channel 13 can, if desired, be integrated into a single channel supplying a combustible mixture.
  • the fuel in combustion space 8 can be brought to combustion by means of an ignition mechanism 10, after which flexible member 6 expands and drives pile 2 into the ground in accordance with the operating principle shown in figure 2 .
  • An optimal force transmission to pile 2 is guaranteed by embodying support member 4 as a plate part which supports on the underside on pile 2 via shoring plates 34 ( figure 3 ).
  • Opening 42 Arranged in the wall of pile 2 under support member 4 is an opening 42 through which overpressure created under support member 4 during pile-driving can escape to the surrounding area. Opening 42 provides a restrictive passage with which the outflow speed of the liquid present under support member 4 to the surrounding area can be regulated.
  • the descent speed of pile 2 as a result of an impact can hereby also be limited, whereby opening 42 reduces the chance of undesired shock load on the crane.
  • the cable overload occurring during normal pile-driving can hereby be prevented.
  • FIG. 3 further shows an optional underpressure space 44 which is in gas connection with combustion space 8 via a valve 36.
  • valve 36 By opening valve 36 immediately after a combustion the combustion products released during the combustion are suctioned in a very short time out of combustion space 8 to underpressure space 44, in which a lower pressure prevails than in combustion space 8.
  • the combustion products are removed from combustion space 8 before the medium displaced in upward direction by the combustion drops back and once again collides with the support member.
  • the falling medium hereby does not drop onto a 'gas spring' but collides with support member 4.
  • the downward force exerted by this falling medium on support member 4 can hereby be utilized almost completely for the purpose of driving pile 2 downward into the ground.
  • pile 2 As a pile 2 is driven deeper into ground 30, pile 2 will obtain more stability and be able to bear more mass.
  • the total pile-driving resistance encountered by pile 2 is the sum of the point resistance and the shaft friction resistance.
  • the shaft friction resistance increases as a greater part of pile 2 is driven into ground 30. Since this situation is also associated with a pile 2 which has already obtained some stability, water column 32 can be increased - see the transition from stage A to stage B and the transition from stage B to stage C in figure 4 .
  • Water column 32 is separated from the surrounding area by a separating wall 5.
  • inner wall 3 of pile 2 forms this separating wall 5 ( figures 2-5 ).
  • support member 4 is driven some distance into the underlying ground enclosed by pile 2. Because support member 4 makes contact with this ground, pile 2 has an increased load-bearing capacity.
  • a closure 16 which, together with support member 4 and the inner wall of pile 2, encloses a volume sealed in substantially gas-tight manner ( figure 5 ).
  • air and/or water can be introduced into this sealed volume, whereby the pressure build-up profile resulting from the combustion of fuel in combustion space 8 of flexible member 6 can be optimized for driving pile 2 downward into ground 30.
  • water column 32 is higher in stage B than in stage A.
  • the desired pre-pressure resulting from the quantity of air present in the sealed volume can also be adjusted so as to optimize the desired pressure build-up.
  • Such a framework construction 24 has posts 22, wherein in the shown embodiment a pile 2 is arranged extendably in such a post 22.
  • pile 2 can be moved downward relative to post 22, whereby pile 2 is driven into ground 30 and framework construction 24 is anchored to the seabed.
  • a seal 38 is preferably situated between the inner wall of post 22 and the outer wall of support member 4 so that the pressure build-up above support member 4 can be prevented from flowing partially away between the outer wall of pile 2 and the inner wall of post 22.
  • Water column 32 is once again separated from the surrounding area by a separating wall 5, which is formed in the embodiment shown in figure 7 by inner wall 23 of post 2 in which pile 2 is slidably received.
  • inner wall 3 of pile 2 can form separating wall 5 together with inner wall 23.
  • FIG 8 shows how a pile 2 is driven out of post 22 into ground 30 in different stages A-D. Water column 32 can once again be raised as pile 2 moves deeper into ground 30 (see stages B and C).
  • pile 2 is extendable relative to post 22, according to a preferred embodiment supply channels 12, 13 for the fuel and the oxygen are supplied centrally from above, from where they debouch into an annular combustion space 8.
  • Combustion space 8 is enclosed by a flexible member 6 and support member 4. After ignition mechanism 10 has ignited the fuel present in combustion space 8, the combustion products can escape from combustion space 8 via the valve 36 in the space under support member 4.
  • An opening (not shown) in the inner wall under support member 4 makes it possible for these combustion products to then escape from pile 2 to the surrounding area.
  • This opening (not shown) in the wall is also necessary so as to prevent a pressure build-up under support member 4 during downward driving of pile 2.
  • the schematic top view of figure 11 shows a possible configuration of combustion spaces, which are preferably arranged rotation-symmetrically relative to the central longitudinal axis 40 of pile 2.
  • Successive pairwise or selective ignition of fuel in one or more of the shown combustion spaces 8 enables optimizing of the pressure build-up profile and, if desired, correction of pile 2 for a possible small misalignment. It is thus possible for instance to envisage the fuel in combustion space 8a being brought to combustion and, during the descent of the water column 32 which has thereby been displaced upward, a pair-wise ignition of combustion spaces, for instance 8b and 8e, taking place simultaneously. Because combustion spaces 8b and 8e are located rotation-symmetrically relative to the central longitudinal axis 40 of pile 2, a symmetrical downward force will be exerted on pile 2. When however it is the wish to correct pile 2 for some misalignment, it is possible for instance for the fuel present in a single combustion space, such as for instance 8c, to be brought to combustion.
  • the pressure build-up profile can likewise be optimized by injecting extra fuel into a combustion space as desired during the combustion.
  • pile-driver 1 is placed on top of a pile 2 in order to thereby drive pile 2 downward into ground 30.
  • the pile-driver comprises for this purpose a support member 4 which can be arranged on a pile 2.
  • the embodiment shown in figure 12 is a pile-driver 1 in telescopic form, wherein tube segments 50, 52 and 54 together form separating wall 5.
  • Tube segment 50 of pile-driver 1 is connected with a support arm 48 to a vessel (not shown).
  • Extra water column 32 (not shown) can hereby be arranged above support member 4. This water column 32 (not shown) is separated from the surrounding area here by separating wall 5 formed by the wall of segments 50, 52, 54.
  • stage D pile 2 has reached the desired depth in the ground and pile-driver 1 is in a retracted position.
  • the embodiment shown in figure 13 operates almost identically to the embodiment of figure 12 , with the difference that the pile-driver consists of a single segment 50 which slides through an encasing guide part 46.
  • This encasing guide part 46 is connected with a support arm 48 to a vessel (not shown).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Pfahlramme, enthaltend:
    - ein in Querrichtung an oder auf einem Pfahl angeordnetes oder anordenbares Unte stützungselement (4);
    - zumindest ein oberhalb des und nahe dem Unterstützungselement befindliches und einen Verbrennungsraum (8) mit veränderbarem Volumen umschließendes flexibles Element (6);
    - einen zum Zünden eines in dem Verbrennungsraum vorhandenen Brennstoffs ausge bildeten Zündmechanismus (10); und
    - wobei der Verbrennungsraum (8) ausgebildet ist, sich während der Verbrennung auszudehnen, so dass ein Medium, das sich oberhalb des Unterstützungselements (4) befindet, zumindest in Aufwärtsrichtung von diesem weg verschoben wird und dabei eine abwärtsgerichtete Kraft über das Unterstützungselement auf den Pfahl (2) ausgeübt wird.
  2. Pfahlramme gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei das oberhalb des Unterstützungselements (4) befindliche flexible Element (6) eine flexible Membran, welche gemeinsam mit dem Unterstützungselement den Verbrennungsraum mit veränderbarem Volumen umschließt, enthält.
  3. Pfahlramme gemäß Anspruch 2, wobei das oberhalb des Unterstützungselements (4) befindliche Medium vom Umgebungsbereich durch eine Trennwand getrennt ist.
  4. Pfahlramme gemäß Anspruch 3, wobei:
    - die Pfahlramme in den Pfahl (2) integriert ist, und wobei die das oberhalb des Un terstützungselements befindliche Medium vom Umgebungsbereich trennende Trennwand die Wand des Pfahls (2) ist; oder
    - wobei der Pfahl verlängerbar in einem Pfosten eines Gerüstaufbaus aufgenommen ist und das auf dem Pfahl angeordnete Unterstützungselement (4) in oder auf dem Pfahl angebracht ist, und wobei die das oberhalb des Unterstützungselements befindliche Medium vom Umge bungsbereich trennende Trennwand die Wand des Pfahls und/oder die Wand des Pfostens des Gerüstaufbaus ist.
  5. Pfahlramme gemäß einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, weiter enthaltend:
    - einen Brennstoffversorgungskanal (12) zum Leiten von Brennstoff in den Verbren nungsraum (8); und
    - einen Verbrennungsproduktauslasskanal zum Auslassen von Verbrennungsproduk ten nach der Verbrennung.
  6. Pfahlramme gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei:
    - zumindest ein Verschluss (16) vorgesehen ist, der gemeinsam mit dem Unterstüt zungselement und der Trennwand (5) einen im Wesentlichen gasdichten Raum umschließt; und
    - eine Pumpe (20) zu dem Zweck, um damit ein Fluid in den und/oder aus dem im Wesentlichen gasdichten Raum zu leiten, vorgesehen ist.
  7. Pfahlramme gemäß einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, wobei:
    - mehrere Verbrennungsräume (8) mit veränderbarem Volumen zwischen dem Un terstützungselement (4) und einer oder mehreren flexiblen Membranen eingeschlossen sind;
    - wobei bevorzugt zumindest zwei Zündmechanismen, welche ausgebildet sind, den Brennstoff in einem oder mehreren vorbestimmten Verbrennungsräumen (8) gezielt zu zünden, vorgesehen sind; und
    - wobei die mehreren Verbrennungsräume bevorzugt rotationssymmetrisch bezüglich der zentralen Längsachse des Pfahls (2) angeordnet sind.
  8. Pfahlramme gemäß einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 7, wobei:
    - Regulierungsmittel, welche ausgebildet sind, während der Verbrennung des Brennstoffs zusätzlichen Brennstoff in einen Verbrennungsraum (8) einzuspritzen und/oder den Zeitpunkt der Zündung zu verändern, vorgesehen sind; und/oder
    - wobei sowohl auf der Ober- als auch auf der Unterseite des Unterstützungsele ments (4) eine flexible Membran, welche gemeinsam mit dem Unterstützungselement einen Ver brennungsraum (8) mit veränderbarem Volumen umschließt, vorgesehen ist.
  9. Pfahlramme gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei
    - in der Wand des Pfahls (2) unter dem Unterstützungselement (4) eine Öffnung ange ordnet ist; und
    - wobei die Öffnung bevorzugt veränderbar ist und Regulierungsmittel, mit denen die Größe der Öffnung reguliert werden kann, vorgesehen sind.
  10. Pfahlramme gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Verbrennungs raum (8) in gasdurchlässiger Verbindung mit einem Unterdruckraum, der ausgebildet ist, während der Verbrennung aus dem Verbrennungsraum (8) heraus abgegebene Verbrennungsprodukte abzusaugen, steht.
  11. Verfahren zum Abwärts-Rammen eines Pfahls in den Grund, enthaltend die Schritte:
    - Verbrennen eines Brennstoffs oberhalb eines in Querrichtung an oder auf einem Pfahl (2) angeordneten oder anordenbaren Unterstützungselements (4);
    - wobei sich dieser Brennstoff in einem flexiblen Element, welches sich oberhalb des Unterstützungselements (4) befindet und einen Verbrennungsraum (8) mit veränderbarem Volu men umschließt und welches sich während der Verbrennung ausdehnt, befindet;
    - Verschieben eines Mediums, das sich oberhalb des Unterstützungselements befindet, in Aufwärtsrichtung von diesem weg durch Ausdehnung des Verbrennungsraums (8); und
    - Abwärts-Rammen des Pfahls (2) in den Grund mittels der abwärtsgerichteten auf den Pfahl ausgeübten Gegenkraft.
  12. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 11, weiter enthaltend die Schritte:
    - Leiten von Brennstoff in den Verbrennungsraum des flexiblen Elements durch einen Brennstoffversorgungskanal (12);
    - Verbrennen des Brennstoffs im flexiblen Element unter Verwendung des Zündme chanismus (10);
    - Auslassen von Verbrennungsprodukten durch einen Verbrennungsproduktauslasska nal nach der Verbrennung; und
    - Wiederholen dieser Schritte, um den Pfahl schrittweise in den Grund zu rammen.
  13. Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 11 oder 12, wobei:
    - zumindest ein Verschluss (16), welcher zusammen mit einer Trennwand einen im Wesentlichen gasdichten Raum umschließt, vorgesehen ist, und enthaltend den Schritt des Leitens eines Fluids in den und/oder aus dem im Wesentlichen gasdichten Raum unter Verwendung einer Pumpe (20);
    - wobei das Fluid bevorzugt Luft ist und einen Vordruck verursacht; und
    - wobei das Fluid bevorzugt Wasser ist und eine Gegenkraftmasse bereitstellt.
  14. Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, wobei mehrere Verbrennungsräume (8) mit veränderbarem Volumen zwischen der flexiblen Membran und dem Unterstützungselement (4) eingeschlossen sind, und enthaltend den Schritt des gezielten Zündens des Brennstoffs in einem oder mehreren vorbestimmten Verbrennungsräumen (8).
  15. Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 14, wobei:
    - der Pfahl (2) verlängerbar in einem Pfosten eines Gerüstaufbaus angeordnet ist, und enthaltend die Schritte:
    - Platzieren des Gerüstaufbaus an einer gewünschten Stelle; und
    - schrittweises Rammen des Pfahls aus dem Pfosten des Gerüstaufbaus heraus und in den Grund hinein, um die Gerüstkonstruktion relativ zum Grund zu verankern;
    - wobei der Pfahl bevorzugt bis zu einer Tiefe in den Grund gerammt wird, so dass das Unterstützungselement (4) einen Druck auf den vom Pfahl umschlossenen Grund ausübt; und
    - wobei der Verbrennungsraum (8) bevorzugt in einer gasdurchlässigen Verbindung mit einem Unterdruckraum steht und das Verfahren den Schritt, beinahe unmittelbar nach der Ver brennung aus dem Verbrennungsraum die darin geformten Verbrennungsprodukte abzusaugen, enthält, so dass diese Verbrennungsprodukte zumindest im Wesentlichen aus dem Verbrennungs raum entfernt sind, bevor das durch die Verbrennung in Aufwärtsrichtung verschobene Medium zurück fällt und erneut mit dem Unterstützungselement (4) zusammenstößt.
EP13703907.9A 2012-01-24 2013-01-24 Pfahl für windgenerator Active EP2807307B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2008169A NL2008169C2 (nl) 2012-01-24 2012-01-24 Hei-inrichting en werkwijze voor de toepassing daarvan.
PCT/NL2013/050037 WO2013112049A1 (en) 2012-01-24 2013-01-24 Pile for a wind motor

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EP2807307A1 EP2807307A1 (de) 2014-12-03
EP2807307B1 true EP2807307B1 (de) 2016-07-13

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NL2017312B1 (nl) 2016-08-12 2018-02-16 Fistuca B V Hei-inrichting en werkwijze voor de toepassing daarvan
NL2018377B1 (nl) 2017-02-14 2018-01-11 Marine Innovators B V Werkwijze voor het plaatsen van een windmolen
NL2025191B1 (en) 2019-06-28 2021-05-31 Ihc Holland Ie Bv Pile-driver and method
NL2023409B1 (en) 2019-06-28 2021-02-01 Ihc Holland Ie Bv Pile-driver and method
NL2023408B1 (en) 2019-06-28 2021-02-01 Ihc Holland Ie Bv Pile-driver and method
WO2020263095A1 (en) 2019-06-28 2020-12-30 Ihc Holland Ie B.V. Pile-driver assembly and method of using it

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US1746848A (en) * 1928-08-23 1930-02-11 Walter Bates Steel Corp Earth anchor
DE202007009474U1 (de) * 2007-07-05 2008-11-13 F & Z Baugesellschaft Mbh Offshore-Plattform

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EP2807307A1 (de) 2014-12-03
NL2008169C2 (nl) 2013-07-25

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