EP2804696B1 - Method and vertical mill for grinding a product to be milled - Google Patents

Method and vertical mill for grinding a product to be milled Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2804696B1
EP2804696B1 EP13719029.4A EP13719029A EP2804696B1 EP 2804696 B1 EP2804696 B1 EP 2804696B1 EP 13719029 A EP13719029 A EP 13719029A EP 2804696 B1 EP2804696 B1 EP 2804696B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
grinding
gas flow
vertical mill
flow
transport
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EP13719029.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2804696A1 (en
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Matthias Mersmann
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Loesche GmbH
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Loesche GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B02C23/10—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone
    • B02C23/12—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone with return of oversize material to crushing or disintegrating zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C15/00—Disintegrating by milling members in the form of rollers or balls co-operating with rings or discs
    • B02C15/001—Air flow directing means positioned on the periphery of the horizontally rotating milling surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C15/00—Disintegrating by milling members in the form of rollers or balls co-operating with rings or discs
    • B02C15/04—Mills with pressed pendularly-mounted rollers, e.g. spring pressed

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for grinding regrind in a vertical mill according to the preamble of claim 8 and a vertical mill according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a vertical mill according to the preamble of claim 1 is for example from EP 1 675 683 B1 known and in a schematic way with the essential components in Fig. 3 shown.
  • Such a vertical mill has a rotating grinding table 3, are provided on the grinding rollers 4 or grinding rollers for crushing and grinding of the, for example, as cement clinker or raw coal in the central region of the grinding bowl 3 abandoned ground material.
  • the vertical mill 30 is traversed from bottom to top, depending on the nature of the ground material fed to the grinding bowl 3, from a main gas flow 14, which is usually a hot gas flow in a grinding-drying process.
  • a main gas flow 14 which is usually a hot gas flow in a grinding-drying process.
  • the hot gas blown in from below which serves as transport and drying gas, is largely guided upwards by the boundary of the mill housing 11 into a vertical transport flow for ground particles.
  • the particles guided upwards are classified by means of a classifier 9, which is expediently designed as a dynamic, rotating classifier. Larger particles of the ground material rejected by the sifter are returned to the grinding plate 3 for further grinding by the grit cone 6 arranged underneath.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to design a generic vertical mill so that an improvement in the operating efficiency, in particular by avoiding the recirculation of fine particles is achieved, and this can also be implemented in a corresponding method.
  • a central idea of the invention can be seen to provide a supply for a sealing gas flow in the lower region of the spit cone, the flow direction leads from the inside to the outside and finely particulate from the annular gap distance between the outlet of the spout cone and the upper portion of the grinding rollers and thus a recirculation of these fine particles avoids.
  • a complementary core idea is to divert a portion of the total required for a Mahltrockmuddy in the vertical mill transport and drying gas stream before entering the annular channel with blade ring, below the grinding bowl and this partial gas flow instead above the grinding rollers at the level of the exit from the Griessekonus to introduce this partial gas or sealing gas flow from the inside to the outside in the vertical mill.
  • this sealing gas flow is distributed over 360 ° evenly distributed in the region of the annular gap distance. Constructively, this can be done by means of a ring channel or a ring line on the outside of the lower portion of the spit cone.
  • the sealing gas flow can expediently be viewed in terms of volume as well as distributed in a sectoral manner over 360 ° in such a way that a stronger blocking gas flow is provided in areas of an increased fine material attack.
  • the feed device for the sealing gas flow is aerodynamically designed at the lower region of the spit cone as this surrounding gas channel, so that the sealing gas flow with the flow direction outwardly produces a derivative of the annular gap distance guided fines and this deflects in the ascending transport and drying gas flow. It is therefore realized a pneumatic barrier at the annular gap distance between Griessekonus and grinding rollers. As a result, the operating efficiency of the vertical mill is improved as a relation between discharged, intended fines and required total energy of the vertical mill.
  • the gas channel is implemented circumferentially in the lower region of the spout cone with a plurality of annular channel segments. This allows an inflow of the sealing gas seen with approximately the same pressure over the circumference of the spit cone. On the other hand, a better rising of the transport and drying gas is made possible on the outer conical surface of the Griessekonus in the remaining free distances between the individual annular channel segments.
  • a further improvement is also achieved by diverting a bypass line for the sealing gas flow from the main supply line of the vertical mill for the transport and drying gas.
  • the barrier gas flow can also be introduced as a separate gas flow, in particular as ambient air or fresh air, in the corresponding feeder. This also makes it possible to reduce the transport gas volume ascending through the annular channel around the grinding plate.
  • the flow direction of the cooling gas is in this case directed from the outside inwards and is used solely for cooling and reducing the temperature of ground particles, for example of rising fines during the grinding of cement clinker.
  • the internally outwardly directed sealing gas flow is provided with a vertical flow component, so that a favorable flow transition is generated together with the vertically rising transport gas flow.
  • the spit cone can also be cylindrical, in particular in the lower region Have shape that extends into the space of opposing, largely vertically oriented grinding rollers.
  • the invention solves the underlying object with the features of claim 8.
  • a sealing gas flow is generated with the flow direction from the inside to the outside in and / or over the annular gap distance, so that an influx and recirculation of fines in the gap distance can be prevented.
  • the sealing gas flow is expediently branched off via a bypass line as part of the main gas flow generated for the vertical mill for transport and drying gas, this being realized in particular below the grinding plate.
  • the ascending transport and / or drying gas flow is thereby increased in volume, whereby the pneumatic delivery of the ground particles is improved.
  • Another advantage is achieved when the volume and / or the temperature of the barrier gas flow is adjustable and this is done in particular as a function of the desired fine material.
  • the invention achieves several improved effects. Fines particles are no longer recycled as part of a recirculation on the grinding table and thus on the grinding bed, but reach the sifter. As a result, the condition of the grinding bed is positively influenced and reduces the tendency to vibrate. The proportions of the finished or fine material in the material circulation within the vertical mill are reduced, which leads to an overall relief of the pneumatic transport in the vertical mill and thus increases the throughput and reduces the pressure loss.
  • the gas velocity in the annular channel with blade ring decreases by the proportion of bypass gas branched off in the bypass, whereby the pressure loss is lowered significantly.
  • the reduced gas velocity in the blade ring allows the operation of the vertical mill with a controlled Reject, which in turn lowers the pressure loss in the vertical mill, because oversized grinding particles are then no longer recycled pneumatically, but can be recycled in an external mechanical circulation, for example by bucket elevator. Overall, therefore, an improvement in the operating performance and operating efficiency is achieved.
  • the invention can therefore be used in all types of vertical mills, in which there is a cross-sectional widening above the rollers for the transport and drying gas flow, since in this area in particular the problem of recirculating fine particles.
  • FIGS. 1 . 2 and 3 shown vertical mills have in view of the essential components such as grinding table 3, grinding rollers 4, Griesseus 6 and arranged above sifter 9 with enclosing mill housing 11 same structure.
  • a partial flow via the bypass line 17 In the example of the vertical mill 1 after Fig. 1 is diverted from the main gas flow 14, a partial flow via the bypass line 17.
  • hot gas is produced in a hot gas generator and fed as main gas flow 14 to the vertical mill 1 below the grinding plate 3.
  • the diversion of the partial gas flow via the bypass line 17 takes place here below the grinding plate 3 or outside of the mill housing 11.
  • This is shown schematically by the arrows 15 as a flow through the annular channel 5 with blade ring.
  • This flow 15 transports the milling particles ground between grinding rolls 4 and grinding plates 3 and guided outwards into the area of the annular channel 5 largely vertically upward.
  • This pneumatic transport function is particularly dependent on the flow rate and the flow volume of the transport and drying gas.
  • annular gap 21 can fall back through the already ground millbase on the grinding table 3 or is returned. With regard to rising fine particles in the flow 15, however, this is prevented in that a sealing gas flow 22 is generated from the inside to the outside to shield the annular gap 21 against entry of fines in this area in the lower region of the seminal cone 6.
  • This blocking gas flow 22 was branched off from the main gas flow 14 as a bypass flow 16 and introduced via the bypass line 17 and the feeder 18 in an annular channel 19 surrounding the Griesseus 6 and there over the entire circumference of the annular channel 19 as a sealing gas flow 22 with flow direction from inside to outside in the Free space for the transport flow 24 blown.
  • the bypass line 17 is guided here above the grinding rollers 4 approximately horizontally through the mill housing 11 on a short path to the outer surface of the Griessekonus 6 and passed in the example shown a short distance on Griessekonus 6 down to the annular channel 19.
  • the annular channel 19 can be traversed circumferentially in one direction through the bypass flow 16. In order to create approximately the same pressure conditions for the outflowing sealing gas flow 22, the annular channel 19 can also have, for example, two 180 ° segments which are flowed through in the opposite direction.
  • bypass lines 17 each offset by 120 ° with one of three annular channel segments 19 may be fluidly connected.
  • the sealing gas flow 22 in Fig. 1 blocked in the upper, inner region of the annular gap 21 against ingress of fines. Farther out, the barrier gas flow is diverted upward into the vertical transport flow 24 so that there is a larger volume upward flow for milled particles.
  • the sealing gas flow 22 can be controlled depending on the outlet volume, exit velocity and exit angle from the annular channel 19 so that a recirculation of fine particles above a certain fineness is prevented and is supplied to the sifter 9 with the vertical transport flow 24 upwards.
  • the blocking gas flow 22 should therefore be adjusted so that over-ground, but coarser Mahlgutp
  • the diversion of the bypass flow as a barrier gas flow to prevent a recirculation of certain particle sizes through the annular gap 21 ultimately leads to an improvement in the energy balance of the vertical mill compared to the discharged, desired fines.
  • Fig. 2 corresponds, apart from the sealing gas flow 25, the embodiment according to Fig. 1 , In Fig. 2
  • the fluid flow 26 exiting the sifter is a fines-gas mixture from which the fines are deposited in downstream cyclones and / or filters.
  • the device according to the invention and the method therefore provide a relatively simple possibility of being able to realize a more efficient operation of such a vertical mill by blocking the recirculation of certain particle sizes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Mahlen von Mahlgut in einer Vertikalmühle gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruches 8 und eine Vertikalmühle gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a method for grinding regrind in a vertical mill according to the preamble of claim 8 and a vertical mill according to the preamble of claim 1.

Eine Vertikalmühle gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 ist zum Beispiel aus der EP 1 675 683 B1 bekannt und in schematischer Weise mit den wesentlichen Baugruppen in Fig. 3 dargestellt.
Eine derartige Vertikalmühle weist einen rotierenden Mahlteller 3 auf, auf dem Mahlwalzen 4 oder Mahlrollen zur Zerkleinerung und zum Mahlen des zum Beispiel als Zementklinker oder Rohkohle in den mittleren Bereich der Mahlschüssel 3 aufgegebenen Mahlgutes, vorgesehen sind.
Die Vertikalmühle 30 wird abhängig von der Art des auf die Mahlschüssel 3 aufgegebenen Mahlgutes von einer Hauptgasströmung 14, die bei einem Mahl-Trocknungs-Prozess üblicherweise eine Heißgasströmung ist, von unten nach oben durchströmt. In einem kreisförmig um die Mahlschüssel 3 angeordneten Ringkanal mit einem Schaufelkranz wird das von unten eingeblasene Heißgas, das als Transport- und Trocknungsgas dient, durch die Begrenzung des Mühlengehäuses 11 weitgehend in eine vertikale Transportströmung für gemahlene Partikel nach oben geführt.A vertical mill according to the preamble of claim 1 is for example from EP 1 675 683 B1 known and in a schematic way with the essential components in Fig. 3 shown.
Such a vertical mill has a rotating grinding table 3, are provided on the grinding rollers 4 or grinding rollers for crushing and grinding of the, for example, as cement clinker or raw coal in the central region of the grinding bowl 3 abandoned ground material.
The vertical mill 30 is traversed from bottom to top, depending on the nature of the ground material fed to the grinding bowl 3, from a main gas flow 14, which is usually a hot gas flow in a grinding-drying process. In a ring channel arranged around the grinding bowl 3 with a blade ring, the hot gas blown in from below, which serves as transport and drying gas, is largely guided upwards by the boundary of the mill housing 11 into a vertical transport flow for ground particles.

Im oberen Bereich werden die nach oben geführten Partikel mittels eines Sichters 9, der zweckmäßigerweise als dynamischer, rotierender Sichter ausgelegt ist, klassiert. Vom Sichter abgewiesene größere Partikel des Mahlgutes werden von dem darunter angeordneten Griessekonus 6 auf den Mahlteller 3 zur weiteren Mahlung zurückgeführt.In the upper area, the particles guided upwards are classified by means of a classifier 9, which is expediently designed as a dynamic, rotating classifier. Larger particles of the ground material rejected by the sifter are returned to the grinding plate 3 for further grinding by the grit cone 6 arranged underneath.

Aufgrund der Form des Griessekonus 6 und der Anordnung von Mahlwalzen 4 oder Mahlrollen wird im unteren Bereich des Griessekonus zwischen diesem und dem oberen Bereich der Mahlwalzen 4 ein freier Ringspalt 21 gebildet.
Andererseits besteht bei dieser Auslegung der Vertikalmühle im Raum zwischen Mahlwalzen 4 und Gehäuse 11 der Vertikalmühle 30 eine Erweiterung des Raumvolumens, wozu auch die Form des Griessekonus beiträgt, so dass in dieser Raumerweiterung für die durch den Ringkanal mit Schaufelkranz austretende Strömung 32 ein Druckabfall entsteht, wodurch das durch die Strömung 32 aufsteigende Feingut in einer Rezirkulationsströmung 33 in den Ringspalt 21 gelangt und erneut dem Mahlteller und Mahlprozess durch die Walzen zugeführt wird.
Dieser Effekt der Rezirkulation und Umströmung der Mahlwalzen, insbesondere von Feingutpartikeln, erhöht sich mit zunehmender Mühlengröße und insbesondere mit zunehmendem Durchmesser der Mahlschüssel 3.Due to the shape of the Grießseus 6 and the arrangement of grinding rollers 4 or grinding rollers is in the lower region of the spit cone between this and the Upper region of the grinding rollers 4, a free annular gap 21 is formed.
On the other hand, in this design of the vertical mill in the space between grinding rollers 4 and housing 11 of the vertical mill 30, an expansion of the volume space, which also contributes to the shape of the spit cone, so that in this room expansion for the exiting through the annular channel with blade ring flow 32, a pressure drop, whereby the fines rising through the flow 32 pass into the annular gap 21 in a recirculation flow 33 and are fed again to the grinding table and grinding process through the rollers.
This effect of the recirculation and flow around the grinding rolls, in particular of fine particles, increases with increasing mill size and in particular with increasing diameter of the grinding bowl 3.

Dieses Strömungsmuster führt jedoch zu einer erheblichen Beeinträchtigung der Betriebsleistung einer Vertikalmühle, da in erster Linie die kleinen Feingutpartikel aufgrund der geringeren Masse dem Druckabfall beziehungsweise dem Gassog in den Ringspalt 21 hinein folgen. Die derart in den Ringspalt 21 eingesogenen kleinen Partikel des Mahlgutes belasten nicht nur den Mahlgutkreislauf der Vertikalmühle unnötig und erhöhen damit den erzeugten Druckverlust, sondern sie verschlechtern darüber hinaus auch die Einzugs- und Belastungseigenschaften des Mahlbettes auf dem Mahlteller, was sich in einer erhöhten Vibrationsneigung auswirkt.However, this flow pattern leads to a significant impairment of the operating performance of a vertical mill, since primarily the small fine particles follow the pressure drop or the gas suction in the annular gap 21 due to the lower mass. The soaked in the annular gap 21 small particles of the ground material not only burden the Mahlgutkreislauf the vertical mill unnecessarily and thus increase the pressure loss generated, but they also deteriorate the Einzugss- and load characteristics of the grinding bed on the grinding table, which has an increased tendency to vibrate ,

Da dieses Problem und die damit verbundenen Nachteile mit zunehmender Größe der Vertikalmühlen immer größer werden, was sich in Form von hohen Druckverlusten innerhalb der Vertikalmühle, hohen Betriebsvibrationen der Mahlwalzen und damit einer Beeinträchtigung der Betriebseffizienz einer Vertikalmühle zeigt, soll dies überwunden werden.Since this problem and the associated disadvantages with increasing size of the vertical mills are getting larger, which is in the form of high pressure losses within the vertical mill, high operating vibrations of the grinding rollers and thus a deterioration in the operating efficiency of a vertical mill, this should be overcome.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine gattungsgemäße Vertikalmühle so zu konzipieren, dass eine Verbesserung der Betriebseffizienz, insbesondere durch Vermeidung der Rezirkulation von Feingutpartikeln erreicht wird, wobei dies auch in einem entsprechenden Verfahren umsetzbar ist.The invention is therefore based on the object to design a generic vertical mill so that an improvement in the operating efficiency, in particular by avoiding the recirculation of fine particles is achieved, and this can also be implemented in a corresponding method.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung bei einer gattungsgemäßen Vertikalmühle mittels der Merkmale des Kennzeichen des Anspruches 1 erreicht, und bei einem Verfahren durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 8 gelöst.The solution of this object is achieved according to the invention in a generic vertical mill by means of the features of the characterizing part of claim 1, and achieved in a method by the features of claim 8.

Ein Kerngedanke der Erfindung kann darin gesehen werden, im unteren Bereich des Griessekonus eine Zuführeinrichtung für eine Sperrgasströmung vorzusehen, deren Strömungsrichtung von innen nach außen führt und Feingutpartikel vom ringförmigen Spaltabstand zwischen Auslass des Griessekonus und dem oberen Bereich der Mahlwalzen abhält und somit eine Rezirkulation dieser Feingutpartikel vermeidet.A central idea of the invention can be seen to provide a supply for a sealing gas flow in the lower region of the spit cone, the flow direction leads from the inside to the outside and finely particulate from the annular gap distance between the outlet of the spout cone and the upper portion of the grinding rollers and thus a recirculation of these fine particles avoids.

Ein ergänzender Kerngedanke liegt darin, einen Teil des insgesamt für eine Mahltrocknung in der Vertikalmühle benötigten Transport- und Trocknungs-Gasstromes vor dem Eintritt in den Ringkanal mit Schaufelkranz, unterhalb der Mahlschüssel abzuzweigen und diesen Teilgasstrom stattdessen oberhalb der Mahlwalzen auf Höhe des Austrittes aus dem Griessekonus, diese Teilgas- beziehungsweise Sperrgasströmung von innen nach außen in die Vertikalmühle einzuleiten.
Zweckmäßigerweise wird diese Sperrgasströmung über 360° gleichmäßig verteilt im Bereich des ringförmigen Spaltabstandes durchgeführt. Konstruktiv kann das mittels eines Ringkanales beziehungsweise einer Ringleitung an der Außenseite des unteren Bereichs des Griessekonus erfolgen.A complementary core idea is to divert a portion of the total required for a Mahltrocknung in the vertical mill transport and drying gas stream before entering the annular channel with blade ring, below the grinding bowl and this partial gas flow instead above the grinding rollers at the level of the exit from the Griessekonus to introduce this partial gas or sealing gas flow from the inside to the outside in the vertical mill.
Conveniently, this sealing gas flow is distributed over 360 ° evenly distributed in the region of the annular gap distance. Constructively, this can be done by means of a ring channel or a ring line on the outside of the lower portion of the spit cone.

Die Sperrgasströmung kann zweckmäßigerweise über 360° gesehen volumenmäßig auch sektoriell so verteilt eingeblasen werden, dass in Bereichen eines verstärkten Feingutanfalls eine stärkere Sperrgasströmung vorgesehen wird.The sealing gas flow can expediently be viewed in terms of volume as well as distributed in a sectoral manner over 360 ° in such a way that a stronger blocking gas flow is provided in areas of an increased fine material attack.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemäßen Vertikalmühle sind in den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 7 und im Hinblick auf das Verfahren in den Ansprüchen 9 bis 12 unter Einbeziehung der Beschreibung angeführt.Advantageous developments of the vertical mill according to the invention are given in the dependent claims 2 to 7 and in terms of the method in claims 9 to 12, including the description.

Die Zuführeinrichtung für die Sperrgasströmung wird strömungstechnisch günstig am unteren Bereich des Griessekonus als diesen umgebender Gaskanal ausgelegt, so dass die Sperrgasströmung mit Strömungsrichtung nach außen eine Ableitung von zum ringförmigen Spaltabstand geführtem Feingut erzeugt und dieses in die aufsteigende Transport- und Trocknungs-Gasströmung umlenkt.
Es wird daher eine pneumatische Sperre am ringförmigen Spaltabstand zwischen Griessekonus und Mahlwalzen realisiert.
Hierdurch wird auch die Betriebseffizienz der Vertikalmühle als Relation zwischen ausgetragenem, bestimmungsgemäßem Feingut und dafür erforderliche Gesamtenergie der Vertikalmühle verbessert.The feed device for the sealing gas flow is aerodynamically designed at the lower region of the spit cone as this surrounding gas channel, so that the sealing gas flow with the flow direction outwardly produces a derivative of the annular gap distance guided fines and this deflects in the ascending transport and drying gas flow.
It is therefore realized a pneumatic barrier at the annular gap distance between Griessekonus and grinding rollers.
As a result, the operating efficiency of the vertical mill is improved as a relation between discharged, intended fines and required total energy of the vertical mill.

In einer weiteren Alternative wird der Gaskanal im unteren Bereich des Griessekonus mit mehreren Ringkanal-Segmenten umlaufend verwirklicht.
Dies ermöglicht ein Einströmen des Sperrgases mit etwa gleichem Druck über den Umfang des Griessekonus gesehen. Andererseits wird strömungstechnisch ein besseres Aufsteigen des Transport- und Trocknungsgases an der äußeren Konusfläche des Griessekonus in den freibleibenden Abständen zwischen den einzelnen Ringkanal-Segmenten ermöglicht.In a further alternative, the gas channel is implemented circumferentially in the lower region of the spout cone with a plurality of annular channel segments.
This allows an inflow of the sealing gas seen with approximately the same pressure over the circumference of the spit cone. On the other hand, a better rising of the transport and drying gas is made possible on the outer conical surface of the Griessekonus in the remaining free distances between the individual annular channel segments.

Eine weitere Verbesserung wird auch dadurch erreicht, dass von der Hauptversorgungsleitung der Vertikalmühle für das Transport- und Trocknungsgas eine Bypassleitung für die Sperrgasströmung abgezweigt wird. Hierdurch wird das durch den Ringkanal mit Schaufelkranz geleitete Gasvolumen reduziert, was nachfolgend im erweiterten Strömungsraum zwischen dem Außenbereich der Mahlwalzen und dem Gehäuse der Vertikalmühle zu einem geringeren Druck und dementsprechend einem geringeren Druckverlust führt.A further improvement is also achieved by diverting a bypass line for the sealing gas flow from the main supply line of the vertical mill for the transport and drying gas. As a result, the guided through the annular channel with blade ring gas volume is reduced, which subsequently leads in the extended flow space between the outer region of the grinding rollers and the housing of the vertical mill to a lower pressure and, accordingly, a lower pressure drop.

Sofern kein Heißgas als Trocknungsgas in der Vertikalmühle erforderlich ist, kann die Sperrgasströmung auch als separate Gasströmung, insbesondere als Umgebungsluft oder Frischluft, in die entsprechende Zuführeinrichtung eingeleitet werden.
Auch hierdurch ist es möglich, das durch den Ringkanal um den Mahlteller aufsteigende Transportgasvolumen zu reduzieren.If no hot gas is required as drying gas in the vertical mill, the barrier gas flow can also be introduced as a separate gas flow, in particular as ambient air or fresh air, in the corresponding feeder.
This also makes it possible to reduce the transport gas volume ascending through the annular channel around the grinding plate.

Eine separate Zuführung von Kühlgas punktuell über Düsen oder über einen Ringkanal, der auf der Innenseite des Gehäuses einer Vertikalmühle oberhalb der Mahlwalzen vorgesehen ist, ist zwar bekannt. Die Strömungsrichtung des Kühlgases ist hierbei von außen nach innen gerichtet und dient allein der Kühlung und Herabsetzung der Temperatur von gemahlenen Partikeln, zum Beispiel von aufsteigendem Feingut bei der Mahlung von Zementklinker.A separate supply of cooling gas at points via nozzles or via an annular channel which is provided on the inside of the housing of a vertical mill above the grinding rollers, although known. The flow direction of the cooling gas is in this case directed from the outside inwards and is used solely for cooling and reducing the temperature of ground particles, for example of rising fines during the grinding of cement clinker.

Vorteilhafterweise wird gemäß der Erfindung die von innen nach außen gerichtete Sperrgasströmung mit vertikaler Strömungskomponente versehen, so dass ein strömungstechnisch günstiger Übergang zusammen mit der vertikal aufsteigenden Transport-Gasströmung erzeugt wird.Advantageously, according to the invention, the internally outwardly directed sealing gas flow is provided with a vertical flow component, so that a favorable flow transition is generated together with the vertically rising transport gas flow.

In einer weiteren Alternative von Mahlwalzenstellung und Außenkontur des Griessekonus kann der Griessekonus insbesondere im unteren Bereich auch zylindrische Form aufweisen, die in den Freiraum von gegenüberstehenden, weitgehend vertikal ausgerichteten Mahlwalzen reicht. Bei dieser Konfiguration wird das Raumvolumen, das Griessekonus und Mahlwalzen nach außen zur Innenwand des Gehäuses der Vertikalmühle umgibt, weitgehend vergleichmäßigt, so dass Druckverluste in diesem Bereich ebenso wie ein Rezirkulieren von Feingutpartikeln in den ringförmigen Spaltabstand reduziert werden können.In a further alternative of grinding roller position and outer contour of the spit cone, the spit cone can also be cylindrical, in particular in the lower region Have shape that extends into the space of opposing, largely vertically oriented grinding rollers. With this configuration, the volume of space that surrounds the grit cone and grinding rollers outwardly to the inner wall of the housing of the vertical mill is largely equalized, so that pressure losses in this area as well as recirculation of fines particles into the annular gap spacing can be reduced.

Verfahrensmäßig löst die Erfindung die zugrunde liegende Aufgabe mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 8. Hierbei wird im unteren Bereich des Griessekonus eine Sperrgasströmung mit Strömungsrichtung von innen nach außen in den und/oder über den ringförmigen Spaltabstand erzeugt, so dass ein Einströmen und Rezirkulieren von Feingut in den Spaltabstand verhindert werden kann.The invention solves the underlying object with the features of claim 8. Here, in the lower region of the spit cone a sealing gas flow is generated with the flow direction from the inside to the outside in and / or over the annular gap distance, so that an influx and recirculation of fines in the gap distance can be prevented.

Die Sperrgasströmung wird hierbei zweckmäßig über eine Bypassleitung als Teil der für die Vertikalmühle erzeugten Hauptgasströmung für Transport- und Trocknungsgas abgezweigt, wobei dies insbesondere unterhalb des Mahltellers realisiert wird.The sealing gas flow is expediently branched off via a bypass line as part of the main gas flow generated for the vertical mill for transport and drying gas, this being realized in particular below the grinding plate.

Bei einem Einbringen der Sperrgasströmung mit vertikaler Strömungskomponente wird hierdurch die aufsteigende Transport- und/oder Trocknungs-Gasströmung volumenmäßig verstärkt, wodurch die pneumatische Förderung der gemahlenen Partikel verbessert wird.Upon introduction of the barrier gas flow with vertical flow component, the ascending transport and / or drying gas flow is thereby increased in volume, whereby the pneumatic delivery of the ground particles is improved.

Ein weiterer Vorteil wird dann erreicht, wenn das Volumen und/oder die Temperatur der Sperrgasströmung regelbar ist und dies insbesondere als Funktion des angestrebten Feingutes erfolgt.Another advantage is achieved when the volume and / or the temperature of the barrier gas flow is adjustable and this is done in particular as a function of the desired fine material.

Insgesamt gesehen werden durch die Erfindung mehrere verbesserte Effekte erreicht.
Feingutpartikel werden nicht mehr im Rahmen einer Rezirkulation auf den Mahlteller und damit auf das Mahlbett zurückgeführt, sondern gelangen zum Sichter. Hierdurch wird die Beschaffenheit des Mahlbettes positiv beeinflusst und die Vibrationsneigung reduziert.
Die Anteile des Fertig- beziehungsweise Feingutes im Materialkreislauf innerhalb der Vertikalmühle werden verringert, was zu einer Gesamtentlastung des pneumatischen Transportes in der Vertikalmühle führt und somit die Durchsatzleistung steigert und den Druckverlust herabsetzt.Overall, the invention achieves several improved effects.
Fines particles are no longer recycled as part of a recirculation on the grinding table and thus on the grinding bed, but reach the sifter. As a result, the condition of the grinding bed is positively influenced and reduces the tendency to vibrate.
The proportions of the finished or fine material in the material circulation within the vertical mill are reduced, which leads to an overall relief of the pneumatic transport in the vertical mill and thus increases the throughput and reduces the pressure loss.

Die Gasgeschwindigkeit im Ringkanal mit Schaufelkranz nimmt um den Anteil des im Bypass abgezweigten Sperrgasstromes ab, wodurch der Druckverlust erheblich abgesenkt wird.
Die reduzierte Gasgeschwindigkeit im Schaufelkranz ermöglicht den Betrieb der Vertikalmühle mit einem kontrolliert anfallenden Reject, was wiederum den Druckverlust in der Vertikalmühle absenkt, da übergroße Mahlpartikel dann nicht mehr pneumatisch zurückgeführt werden, sondern in einem äußeren mechanischen Umlauf, zum Beispiel per Becherwerk zurückgeführt werden können.
Insgesamt wird daher eine Verbesserung der Betriebsleistung und Betriebseffizienz erreicht.The gas velocity in the annular channel with blade ring decreases by the proportion of bypass gas branched off in the bypass, whereby the pressure loss is lowered significantly.
The reduced gas velocity in the blade ring allows the operation of the vertical mill with a controlled Reject, which in turn lowers the pressure loss in the vertical mill, because oversized grinding particles are then no longer recycled pneumatically, but can be recycled in an external mechanical circulation, for example by bucket elevator.
Overall, therefore, an improvement in the operating performance and operating efficiency is achieved.

Die Erfindung kann daher in allen Bauarten von vertikalen Mühlen eingesetzt werden, bei denen oberhalb der Walzen eine Querschnittserweiterung für die Transport- und Trocknungs-Gasströmung vorliegt, da insbesondere in diesem Bereich das Problem des Rezirkulierens von Feingutpartikeln besteht.The invention can therefore be used in all types of vertical mills, in which there is a cross-sectional widening above the rollers for the transport and drying gas flow, since in this area in particular the problem of recirculating fine particles.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand schematischer Beispiele noch näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1:
in sehr schematischer Darstellung einen vertikalen Schnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vertikalmühle mit einer Bypassleitung und einer Sperrgasströmung nach außen;
Fig. 2:
die Vertikalmühle nach Fig. 1 mit einer Sperrgasströmung mit vertikaler Komponente; und
Fig. 3:
eine Vertikalmühle nach dem Stand der Technik im schematischen Vertikalschnitt mit den wesentlichen Baugruppen entsprechend der Fig. 1, jedoch mit der problematischen und zu vermeidenden Rezirkulationsströmung für Feingutpartikel in einem Ringspalt zwischen Mahlwalzen und Griessekonus.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to schematic examples. Show it:
Fig. 1:
in a very schematic representation of a vertical section through a vertical mill according to the invention with a bypass line and a sealing gas flow to the outside;
Fig. 2:
the vertical mill after Fig. 1 with a barrier gas flow with a vertical component; and
3:
a vertical mill according to the prior art in a schematic vertical section with the essential components according to the Fig. 1 However, with the problematic and avoidable recirculation flow for fines in an annular gap between grinding rollers and Griessekonus.

In den Figuren 1 bis 3 sind übereinstimmende Baugruppen der Vertikalmühlen 1 und 30 mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen. Dies gilt auch für die Gasströmungen, soweit diese übereinstimmen.In the FIGS. 1 to 3 Matching assemblies of the vertical mills 1 and 30 are provided with the same reference numerals. This also applies to the gas flows, as far as they match.

Die in den Figuren 1, 2 und 3 gezeigten Vertikalmühlen haben im Hinblick auf die wesentlichen Baugruppen wie Mahlteller 3, Mahlwalzen 4, Griessekonus 6 und darüber angeordnetem Sichter 9 mit umschließendem Mühlengehäuse 11 gleichen Aufbau.The in the FIGS. 1 . 2 and 3 shown vertical mills have in view of the essential components such as grinding table 3, grinding rollers 4, Griesseus 6 and arranged above sifter 9 with enclosing mill housing 11 same structure.

Die problematische Rezirkulationsströmung 33 (Fig. 3) von aufwärtsgeführten Feingutpartikeln und deren Ablenkung nach innen in den Ringspalt 21, auch aufgrund des Druckabfalles im Strömungsbereich zwischen Mühlengehäuse 11 und Außenkontur des Griessekonus 6, werden in konstruktiver und verfahrenstechnisch einfacher Weise durch die Lösungen nach Figuren 1 und 2 überwunden.The problematic recirculation flow 33 ( Fig. 3 ) of upward-guided fines particles and their deflection inwardly into the annular gap 21, also due to the pressure drop in the flow region between the mill housing 11 and the outer contour of the Griessekonus 6, in a constructive and procedurally simple manner by the solutions FIGS. 1 and 2 overcome.

Im Beispiel der Vertikalmühle 1 nach Fig. 1 wird aus der Hauptgasströmung 14 eine Teilströmung über die Bypassleitung 17 abgezweigt.
Sofern der in der Vertikalmühle durchgeführte Mahlprozess ein Mahl-Trocknungsprozess, zum Beispiel für feuchte Rohkohle ist, wird in einem Heißgaserzeuger Heißgas erzeugt und als Hauptgasströmung 14 der Vertikalmühle 1 unterhalb des Mahltellers 3 zugeführt. Die Abzweigung der Teilgasströmung über die Bypassleitung 17 erfolgt hierbei unterhalb des Mahltellers 3 oder außerhalb des Mühlengehäuses 11. Dies ist schematisch durch die Pfeile 15 als Strömung durch den Ringkanal 5 mit Schaufelkranz dargestellt.
Diese Strömung 15 transportiert die zwischen Mahlwalzen 4 und Mahlteller 3 gemahlenen und nach außen in den Bereich des Ringkanales 5 geführten Mahlpartikel weitgehend vertikal nach oben. Diese pneumatische Transportfunktion ist insbesondere von der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit und dem Strömungsvolumen des Transportund Trocknungsgases abhängig.In the example of the vertical mill 1 after Fig. 1 is diverted from the main gas flow 14, a partial flow via the bypass line 17.
If the grinding process carried out in the vertical mill is a grinding-drying process, for example for moist raw coal, hot gas is produced in a hot gas generator and fed as main gas flow 14 to the vertical mill 1 below the grinding plate 3. The diversion of the partial gas flow via the bypass line 17 takes place here below the grinding plate 3 or outside of the mill housing 11. This is shown schematically by the arrows 15 as a flow through the annular channel 5 with blade ring.
This flow 15 transports the milling particles ground between grinding rolls 4 and grinding plates 3 and guided outwards into the area of the annular channel 5 largely vertically upward. This pneumatic transport function is particularly dependent on the flow rate and the flow volume of the transport and drying gas.

Auch im Beispiel nach Figuren 1 und 2 besteht zwischen dem unteren Bereich des Griessekonus 6 und dem oberen Bereich der Mahlwalzen 4 ein Ringspalt 21, durch den bereits übermahlenes Mahlgut auf den Mahlteller 3 zurückfallen kann oder zurückgeführt wird.
Im Hinblick auf aufsteigende Feingutpartikel in der Strömung 15 wird dies jedoch dadurch verhindert, dass im unteren Bereich des Griessekonus 6 eine Sperrgasströmung 22 von innen nach außen zur Abschirmung des Ringspaltes 21 gegen einen Eintritt von Feingutartikeln in diesem Bereich erzeugt wird.Also in the example FIGS. 1 and 2 exists between the lower region of the Griessekonus 6 and the upper portion of the grinding rollers 4, an annular gap 21, can fall back through the already ground millbase on the grinding table 3 or is returned.
With regard to rising fine particles in the flow 15, however, this is prevented in that a sealing gas flow 22 is generated from the inside to the outside to shield the annular gap 21 against entry of fines in this area in the lower region of the seminal cone 6.

Diese Sperrgasströmung 22 wurde aus der Hauptgasströmung 14 als Bypassströmung 16 abgezweigt und über die Bypassleitung 17 und die Zuführeinrichtung 18 in einen den Griessekonus 6 umschließenden Ringkanal 19 eingeleitet und dort über den gesamten Umfang des Ringkanales 19 als Sperrgasströmung 22 mit Strömungsrichtung von innen nach außen in den Freiraum für die Transportströmung 24 eingeblasen.This blocking gas flow 22 was branched off from the main gas flow 14 as a bypass flow 16 and introduced via the bypass line 17 and the feeder 18 in an annular channel 19 surrounding the Griesseus 6 and there over the entire circumference of the annular channel 19 as a sealing gas flow 22 with flow direction from inside to outside in the Free space for the transport flow 24 blown.

Die Bypassleitung 17 ist hierbei oberhalb der Mahlwalzen 4 etwa waagrecht durch das Mühlengehäuse 11 auf kurzem Weg zur Außenfläche des Griessekonus 6 geführt und im gezeigten Beispiel eine kurze Strecke am Griessekonus 6 nach unten zum Ringkanal 19 geleitet.The bypass line 17 is guided here above the grinding rollers 4 approximately horizontally through the mill housing 11 on a short path to the outer surface of the Griessekonus 6 and passed in the example shown a short distance on Griessekonus 6 down to the annular channel 19.

Der Ringkanal 19 kann umlaufend in einer Richtung durch die Bypassströmung 16 durchflossen werden.
Um umlaufend etwa gleiche Druckverhältnisse für die ausströmende Sperrgasströmung 22 zu schaffen, kann der Ringkanal 19 auch zum Beispiel zwei 180°-Segmente aufweisen, die im Gegensinn durchströmt werden.The annular channel 19 can be traversed circumferentially in one direction through the bypass flow 16.
In order to create approximately the same pressure conditions for the outflowing sealing gas flow 22, the annular channel 19 can also have, for example, two 180 ° segments which are flowed through in the opposite direction.

Auch ist es möglich, mehrere Bypassleitungen mit gleichem Winkelabstand zueinander vorzusehen. Zum Beispiel können drei Bypassleitungen 17 jeweils um 120° versetzt mit jeweils einem von drei Ringkanal-Segmenten 19 strömungstechnisch verbunden sein.It is also possible to provide a plurality of bypass lines with the same angular distance from each other. For example, three bypass lines 17 each offset by 120 ° with one of three annular channel segments 19 may be fluidly connected.

Die Sperrgasströmung 22 in Fig. 1 blockiert im oberen, inneren Bereich den Ringspalt 21 gegen ein Eindringen von Feingutpartikeln. Nach weiter außen wird die Sperrgasströmung nach oben in die vertikale Transportströmung 24 abgeleitet, so dass eine volumenmäßig größere Aufwärtsströmung für gemahlene Partikel zur Verfügung steht.The sealing gas flow 22 in Fig. 1 blocked in the upper, inner region of the annular gap 21 against ingress of fines. Farther out, the barrier gas flow is diverted upward into the vertical transport flow 24 so that there is a larger volume upward flow for milled particles.

Die Sperrgasströmung 22 kann abhängig von Austrittsvolumen, Austrittsgeschwindigkeit und Austrittswinkel aus dem Ringkanal 19 so geregelt werden, dass eine Rezirkulation von Feingutpartikeln ab einer bestimmten Feinheit verhindert wird und mit der vertikalen Transportströmung 24 nach oben dem Sichter 9 zugeführt wird.
Die Sperrgasströmung 22 sollte daher so eingestellt werden, dass übermahlene, aber gröbere Mahlgutpartikel durch den Ringspalt 21 zum Mahlteller 3 zurückgeführt werden. Die Abzweigung der Bypassströmung als Sperrgasströmung zur Verhinderung einer Rezirkulation bestimmter Partikelgrößen durch den Ringspalt 21 führt letztendlich zu einer Verbesserung der Energiebilanz der Vertikalmühle im Vergleich zum ausgetragenen, gewünschten Feingut.The sealing gas flow 22 can be controlled depending on the outlet volume, exit velocity and exit angle from the annular channel 19 so that a recirculation of fine particles above a certain fineness is prevented and is supplied to the sifter 9 with the vertical transport flow 24 upwards.
The blocking gas flow 22 should therefore be adjusted so that over-ground, but coarser Mahlgutpartikel be recycled through the annular gap 21 to the grinding table 3. The diversion of the bypass flow as a barrier gas flow to prevent a recirculation of certain particle sizes through the annular gap 21 ultimately leads to an improvement in the energy balance of the vertical mill compared to the discharged, desired fines.

Das Beispiel nach Fig. 2 entspricht, abgesehen von der Sperrgasströmung 25, dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1.
In Fig. 2 weist die durch den Ringkanal 19 austretende Sperrgasströmung 25 oberhalb des Ringspaltes 21, neben einer nach außen gerichteten Strömungskomponente, auch eine vertikale Strömungskomponente auf.
Dies erlaubt einerseits das Blockieren eines Eintritts von Feingut bestimmter Feinheit in den Ringspalt 21 und andererseits einen strömungstechnisch günstigen Zusammenfluss mit der aufsteigenden Transportströmung 24, so dass eine Vergleichmäßigung aber auch eine Verstärkung des Volumens der Transportströmung 24 erreicht wird. Die aus dem Sichter nach oben austretende Fluidströmung 26 ist ein Feingut-Gas-Gemisch, aus dem das Feingut in nachgeschalteten Zyklonen und/oder Filtern abgeschieden wird.The example after Fig. 2 corresponds, apart from the sealing gas flow 25, the embodiment according to Fig. 1 ,
In Fig. 2 For example, the barrier gas flow 25 exiting through the annular channel 19 above the annular gap 21, in addition to an outwardly directed flow component, also has a vertical flow component.
This allows on the one hand the blocking of an entry of fines of certain fineness into the annular gap 21 and on the other hand a favorable flow connection with the ascending transport flow 24, so that a homogenization but also an increase in the volume of the transport flow 24 is achieved. The fluid flow 26 exiting the sifter is a fines-gas mixture from which the fines are deposited in downstream cyclones and / or filters.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung und das Verfahren schaffen daher eine relativ einfache Möglichkeit, durch ein Blockieren der Rezirkulation bestimmter Partikelgrößen einen effizienteren Betrieb einer derartigen Vertikalmühle realisieren zu können.The device according to the invention and the method therefore provide a relatively simple possibility of being able to realize a more efficient operation of such a vertical mill by blocking the recirculation of certain particle sizes.

Claims (12)

  1. Vertical mill (1) for grinding material to be ground, having
    a grinding table (3) and a plurality of grinding rolls (4) or grinding rollers (4) arranged so as to rotate thereon,
    a ring duct (5) surrounding the grinding table (3) to introduce an ascending transport and / or drying gas flow (15),
    an oversize material cone (6), arranged centrally relative to the grinding table (3), approximately above the grinding rolls or grinding rollers (4) and tapering downwards, for the recirculation of coarse oversize particles onto the grinding table (3), and
    an approximately annular gap distance (21) between the lower outlet region of the oversize material cone (6) and the upper region of the grinding rolls or grinding rollers (4), in particular to carry out the method according to claim 8,
    characterised in that
    a feed unit (18) for a gas flow (22) with flow direction from inside to outwardly is provided in the lower region of the oversize material cone (6) to deflect fine particles fed to the annular gap distance (21) into the ascending transport and / or drying gas flow (15, 24).
  2. Vertical mill according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the feed unit (18) is designed as a gas duct (19) surrounding the lower region of the oversize material cone (6).
  3. Vertical mill according to claim 2,
    characterised in that
    the gas duct surrounds the lower region of the oversize material cone as a ring duct (19) or with a plurality of ring duct segments around it.
  4. Vertical mill according to one of the claims 2 to 3,
    characterised in that
    the gas duct (19) of the feed unit (18) is provided for the gas flow, acting in particular as a barrier gas flow (22), as a bypass line (17) to the main supply line (14) of the vertical mill (1) for transport and / or drying gas (15, 24).
  5. Vertical mill according to one of the claims 1 to 3,
    characterised in that
    a barrier gas flow (22) is fed separately to the transport gas flow (15, 24), in particular as ambient air or fresh air.
  6. Vertical mill according to one of the claims 1 to 5,
    characterised in that
    the barrier gas flow (22) has a vertical flow component (25) directed from inside to outwards.
  7. Vertical mill according to one of the claims 1 to 6,
    characterised in that
    the oversize material cone (6) comprises in particular in the lower region a cylindrical shape, extending in the open space of facing grinding rolls (4), being broadly vertically aligned,
    so that the space volume (27) in the vertical mill (1) is evened out for the transport and / or drying gas flow (15, 24) ascending in the region of the grinding rolls respectively grinding rollers (4) and the oversize material cone (6).
  8. Method for grinding material to be ground in a vertical mill (1),
    having a grinding table (3) and at least one grinding roll or grinding roller (4) arranged so that it can rotate thereon,
    wherein an ascending transport and / or drying gas flow (15) is introduced via a ring duct (5) surrounding the grinding table (3), in particular a ring duct with blade ring,
    wherein coarse oversize materials are fed, via an oversize material cone (6), arranged centrally relative to the grinding table (3), approximately above the grinding roll or grinding roller (4) and tapering downwards, back to the grinding table, wherein an approximately annular gap distance (21) is formed between the lower outlet region of the oversize material cone (6) and the upper region of the grinding roll or grinding roller (4),
    characterised in that
    a barrier gas flow (22) is fed in the lower region of the oversize material cone (6), with flow direction from inside to outwardly into and / or via the annular gap distance (21), in particular against an inflow and recirculation of fine particles into the gap distance (21).
  9. Method according to claim 8,
    characterised in that
    the barrier gas flow (22) is branched off as a part of the main gas flow (14), produced for the vertical mill (1), for transport and drying gas (15, 24), in particular below the grinding table (3).
  10. Method according to claim 8,
    characterised in that
    the barrier gas flow (22) is fed to the ascending transport gas flow as an external gas flow, in particular as ambient air or fresh air.
  11. Method according to one of the claims 8 or 9,
    characterised in that
    the barrier gas flow (25) fed as a partial gas flow (16) is blown in with a vertical flow component and
    the ascending transport and / or drying gas flow (15, 24) is thus reinforced in terms of volume.
  12. Method according to one of the claims 8 to 11,
    characterised in that
    the volume and / or the temperature of the barrier gas flow (22, 25) is / are regulated, in particular as a function of the desired fine particles (26).
EP13719029.4A 2013-03-26 2013-03-26 Method and vertical mill for grinding a product to be milled Not-in-force EP2804696B1 (en)

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MX2015003261A (en) 2015-10-08
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CN104640634B (en) 2017-06-23
US20150246357A1 (en) 2015-09-03
US9643191B2 (en) 2017-05-09
CN104640634A (en) 2015-05-20
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IN2015DN01562A (en) 2015-07-03
EP2804696A1 (en) 2014-11-26

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