EP2803572B1 - Dual hydraulic dispenser of a servocontrol for operating the blades of a rotorcraft rotor - Google Patents

Dual hydraulic dispenser of a servocontrol for operating the blades of a rotorcraft rotor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2803572B1
EP2803572B1 EP14001385.5A EP14001385A EP2803572B1 EP 2803572 B1 EP2803572 B1 EP 2803572B1 EP 14001385 A EP14001385 A EP 14001385A EP 2803572 B1 EP2803572 B1 EP 2803572B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydraulic
distributor
distribution member
fluid
conduits
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14001385.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2803572A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Romain Bihel
Pascal Leguay
Thibaut Marger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Helicopters SAS
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Airbus Helicopters SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2803572A1 publication Critical patent/EP2803572A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2803572B1 publication Critical patent/EP2803572B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K11/00—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
    • F16K11/02—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
    • F16K11/06—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements
    • F16K11/065—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with linearly sliding closure members
    • F16K11/07—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with linearly sliding closure members with cylindrical slides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C13/00—Control systems or transmitting systems for actuating flying-control surfaces, lift-increasing flaps, air brakes, or spoilers
    • B64C13/24—Transmitting means
    • B64C13/38—Transmitting means with power amplification
    • B64C13/50—Transmitting means with power amplification using electrical energy
    • B64C13/504—Transmitting means with power amplification using electrical energy using electro-hydrostatic actuators [EHA's]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C13/00—Control systems or transmitting systems for actuating flying-control surfaces, lift-increasing flaps, air brakes, or spoilers
    • B64C13/24—Transmitting means
    • B64C13/38—Transmitting means with power amplification
    • B64C13/50—Transmitting means with power amplification using electrical energy
    • B64C13/505—Transmitting means with power amplification using electrical energy having duplication or stand-by provisions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/54—Mechanisms for controlling blade adjustment or movement relative to rotor head, e.g. lag-lead movement
    • B64C27/58—Transmitting means, e.g. interrelated with initiating means or means acting on blades
    • B64C27/59—Transmitting means, e.g. interrelated with initiating means or means acting on blades mechanical
    • B64C27/605—Transmitting means, e.g. interrelated with initiating means or means acting on blades mechanical including swash plate, spider or cam mechanisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/54—Mechanisms for controlling blade adjustment or movement relative to rotor head, e.g. lag-lead movement
    • B64C27/58—Transmitting means, e.g. interrelated with initiating means or means acting on blades
    • B64C27/64—Transmitting means, e.g. interrelated with initiating means or means acting on blades using fluid pressure, e.g. having fluid power amplification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/04—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
    • F15B13/0401—Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor
    • F15B13/0402—Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor for linearly sliding valves, e.g. spool valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B20/00—Safety arrangements for fluid actuator systems; Applications of safety devices in fluid actuator systems; Emergency measures for fluid actuator systems
    • F15B20/008—Valve failure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K11/00—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
    • F16K11/02—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
    • F16K11/06—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements
    • F16K11/065—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with linearly sliding closure members
    • F16K11/07—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with linearly sliding closure members with cylindrical slides
    • F16K11/0704—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with linearly sliding closure members with cylindrical slides comprising locking elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K11/00—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
    • F16K11/02—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
    • F16K11/06—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements
    • F16K11/065—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with linearly sliding closure members
    • F16K11/07—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with linearly sliding closure members with cylindrical slides
    • F16K11/0708—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with linearly sliding closure members with cylindrical slides comprising means to avoid jamming of the slide or means to modify the flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/80—Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
    • F15B2211/86—Control during or prevention of abnormal conditions
    • F15B2211/863—Control during or prevention of abnormal conditions the abnormal condition being a hydraulic or pneumatic failure
    • F15B2211/8636—Circuit failure, e.g. valve or hose failure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/80—Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
    • F15B2211/875—Control measures for coping with failures
    • F15B2211/8752—Emergency operation mode, e.g. fail-safe operation mode
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/80—Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
    • F15B2211/875—Control measures for coping with failures
    • F15B2211/8757—Control measures for coping with failures using redundant components or assemblies

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field of rotary wing (s) aircraft (s) equipped with at least one rotor rotated by a motorization group.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to servocontrols fitted to rotorcraft rotors for varying the incidence of the blades of such a rotor.
  • the rotorcraft are equipped with at least one main rotor with a substantially vertical axis providing at least the lift of the rotorcraft.
  • the main rotor also provides the propulsion of the rotorcraft and its guidance in pitch and roll.
  • Rotorcraft are still commonly equipped with at least one anti-torque device such as formed of an adjoining rotor with a substantially horizontal axis capable of further providing a yaw guide of the rotorcraft.
  • auxiliary rotor is for example a tail rotor, or for example still at least one propeller propeller in the case of a helicopter with high propulsion speeds.
  • a pilot To vary the flight attitude of the rotorcraft, a pilot generates flight controls causing a variation in the incidence of the blades forming the rotary wing of the at least one rotor.
  • the driver is potentially a human pilot or an autopilot.
  • the variation of the incidence of the blades is obtained by a maneuver of the blades causing a variation of their pitch cyclically or collectively.
  • the blades are pivotally mounted on the rotor pivoting about themselves around their general direction of extension. The pivoting of the blades on themselves associated with their rotation around the axis of rotation of the rotor provides the variation of their pitch cyclically and / or collectively.
  • a swashplate comprises a non-rotating lower plate and a associated rotating upper plate, in order to modify the incidence of each of the blades according to their individual position in azimuth.
  • the lower plate is operable in three separate flight control lines and the upper plate is connected to each of the rotor blades by a set of respective connecting rods.
  • the lower plate may be placed in any orientation in space with respect to the rotor mat on which the lower plate is guided.
  • Such an arrangement of the swashplate gives it an axial mobility while being oscillating in all directions in ball to cause the variation of the pitch of the blades according to the flight controls operated by the pilot.
  • efforts to move the swashplate are potentially important, it is helpful to assist the pilot in the effort required to maneuver the blades.
  • the servos can assist a human pilot with the efforts he has to make to vary the pitch of the blades through a mechanical power transmission chain.
  • the servos can still be driven by an actuator according to flight commands generated by an autopilot.
  • such a servo control comprises a hydraulic cylinder with at least one double-acting cylinder body fed with fluid under pressure from a fluid source equipping the rotorcraft.
  • the fluid is more particularly an incompressible fluid, especially oil, promoting the power and accuracy obtained to manipulate the blades.
  • the hydraulic cylinder is potentially a cylinder with a single cylinder body or a cylinder with multiple cylinder body, each cylinder body housing a rod. Relative mobility between the rod and the jack body which receives it is obtained by admission of fluid inside the jack body, said relative mobility being used to convert the hydraulic power developed by the servocontrol in mechanical power to maneuver the blades.
  • cylinder bodies are for example placed in tandem being integrated into a common cylinder body and housing a common rod.
  • the cylinder bodies of a hydraulic cylinder with multiple cylinder body can be placed in parallel by housing each of the respective rods mechanically interconnected.
  • the cylinder body or bodies are double-acting and are individually supplied with fluid by a clean hydraulic circuit conveying back and forth fluid under pressure between the cylinder body and the fluid source. When the fluid returns to the fluid source, the circuit is potentially vented.
  • the rod is arranged in piston and is mounted bidirectionally axial mobility within a jack body that receives it.
  • the cylinder body has at its head and at its bottom passages of circulation of the fluid. Relative movement between the rod and the cylinder body that receives it is caused according to one or the other of the directions of mobility of the rod, according to an admission of the fluid into the cylinder body through the head passage or the passage of bottom of which it is endowed.
  • the rod can be fixed to a structure of the rotorcraft to manipulate the blades by a displacement of the cylinder body.
  • the jack body can be fixed on a rotorcraft structure to maneuver the blades by moving the rod.
  • the operation of the hydraulic cylinder is dependent on one or more hydraulic valves that includes the servo.
  • Each cylinder body is individually supplied with fluid under pressure by a hydraulic distributor assigned to it.
  • Such hydraulic distributors are in particular of the drawer type or can be of the rotary type, and make it possible to direct the fluid conveyed under pressure through the hydraulic circuits by varying the hydraulic power developed by the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the hydraulic distributor or distributors are individually placed on the hydraulic circuits interposed between the source of fluid and a jack body which is assigned to them, so that the supply of pressurized fluid of a cylinder body is managed by a distributor. hydraulic system of its own.
  • Each hydraulic distributor receives the pressurized fluid from the hydraulic circuit on which it is placed to supply fluid to the cylinder body assigned to it, selectively through one or other of the passages. Conversely, each hydraulic distributor discharges the fluid it receives from the jack body that is assigned to the fluid source.
  • a distributor body of the hydraulic distributor comprises first conduits for putting the hydraulic distributor into fluid communication with the fluid source.
  • An intake duct is dedicated to an inlet in the hydraulic distributor of the pressurized fluid from the fluid source, an evacuation duct being dedicated to an evacuation of the fluid coming from the cylinder body out of the hydraulic distributor towards the source of fluid.
  • the distributor body also has second conduits for placing the hydraulic distributor in fluid communication with the cylinder body through the passageways thereof.
  • a second conduit is dedicated to fluid communication between the hydraulic distributor and the head passage, while another second conduit is dedicated to a fluid communication between the hydraulic distributor and the bottom passage.
  • Such a hydraulic distributor is typically a four-way hydraulic distributor with N stable positions, N being at least two.
  • the distributor body furthermore accommodates at least one main distribution member which can be operated by a control member.
  • the control member is in joint engagement on one and the other of the main distribution members of the hydraulic distributors, and is operable according to the commands flight operated by the pilot to jointly move each of the main distribution members.
  • control member as arranged in connecting rod, is for example manoeuvrable by said mechanical power transmission chain in the case of an operation of manual flight controls.
  • control member is operable by an said actuator, such as an electric motor, in the case of an operation of automated flight controls.
  • the main distribution member maintains the first fluid circulation channels through the hydraulic distributor between the first ducts and the second ducts.
  • the intake duct and the duct are selectively in fluid communication with one or the other of the second conduits.
  • the hydraulic distributor makes it possible to regulate the relative displacement between the cylinder body and the rod that it receives according to one or other of the directions of mobility of the rod inside the cylinder body.
  • a malfunction of the servocontrol or the fluid supply circuit does not allow to maneuver the blades by means of the servo.
  • the pilot can nevertheless maneuver the blades by forcing a displacement of the rod by means of the mechanical power transmission chain. It should be noted, however, that such a forced maneuver of the rod is uncomfortable for the pilot.
  • a dual hydraulic distributor has an emergency distribution member mounted in the distributor body, interposed between the main distribution member and the distributor body.
  • the emergency distribution member comprises second channels communicating respectively with the first channels of the main distribution member.
  • the main distribution member is guided in mobility within the emergency distribution member, itself mounted potentially mobile in the distributor body.
  • the emergency distribution member is held in a predefined position inside the distributor body by positioning means.
  • positioning means are in particular of the elastic deformation type taking antagonistic supports against the distributor body and against the emergency distribution member.
  • the emergency distribution member In case of seizure of the main distribution member inside the emergency distribution member, the emergency distribution member is frictionally driven by the main distribution member against the forces exerted by the the means with elastic deformation against the emergency distribution member.
  • the aforementioned arrangement of the hydraulic distributor essentially prevents a hydraulic cylinder lock in case of seizure of the main distribution member or one of the hydraulic distributors that includes the servo.
  • a correct control of the operation of the hydraulic cylinder is authorized by one of the hydraulic valves in case of seizure of the main distribution member of the other hydraulic distributor.
  • a correct command can be obtained by the faulty hydraulic distributor in the case where the main distribution member after seizing is in proper position within the emergency distribution member, which however is random.
  • the operation of the hydraulic distributor can be performed with reduced efforts in case of seizure of the main distribution member, to optimize the comfort of the human pilot generating manual flight controls and to prevent oversizing of said actuator in the case of an operation of automated flight controls.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a double hydraulic distributor of a servo control for maneuvering the blades of a rotorcraft rotor modifying their incidence by varying their pitch collectively or cyclically, as well as a method of implementing said distributor. hydraulic.
  • Such a servo control comprises a hydraulic cylinder with at least one double-acting cylinder body, the cylinder body or bodies being each supplied with fluid through a hydraulic distributor which is individually assigned to them as just described.
  • the hydraulic distributor of the present invention is a dual hydraulic distributor that includes a servo control for maneuvering the blades of a rotorcraft rotor.
  • the hydraulic distributor of the present invention comprises a first body, said distributor body, comprising first ducts, called ducts A.
  • the ducts A are dedicated to a hydraulic junction between the hydraulic distributor and a source of pressurized fluid.
  • the ducts A comprise at least one intake duct, called intake duct A, the inlet duct providing an intake of the fluid from the outside to the inside of the hydraulic distributor.
  • the ducts A also comprise at least one exhaust duct, called exhaust duct A.
  • the exhaust duct A provides a discharge of the fluid out of the hydraulic distributor.
  • the distributor body also comprises second ducts, called ducts B.
  • the ducts B are dedicated to a hydraulic connection between the hydraulic distributor and a second body, said cylinder body, a hydraulic cylinder of the servo.
  • the conduits B comprise a pair of ducts B providing a flow of fluid between the inside and the outside of the hydraulic distributor.
  • the hydraulic dispenser of the present invention also includes a main dispensing member movably mounted within the dispenser body.
  • the main distribution member is operable by a control member and includes first channels, called channels A, dedicated to a circulation of the fluid through the hydraulic distributor between the ducts A and the ducts B.
  • the duct A intake and the exhaust duct A are in fluid communication via the channels A selectively with one or the other of the ducts B according to positions of the main distribution member within the distributor body.
  • the hydraulic dispenser of the present invention further comprises an emergency dispensing member interposed between the dispenser body and the main dispensing member.
  • the emergency dispenser member movably accommodates the main dispensing member and is movably mounted within the dispenser body.
  • the emergency distribution member houses second channels, called channels B.
  • the channels B are dedicated to a circulation of the fluid between on the one hand the channels A and on the other hand the ducts A and the ducts B selectively according to said positions respective parts of the main distribution member.
  • the hydraulic dispenser of the present invention further comprises means for positioning the emergency dispensing member in a predefined position within the dispenser body. In said predefined position of the emergency distribution member, the channels A and B channels are in fluid communication two by two.
  • Said positioning means use at least elastic deformation means bearing against the distributor body. Mobility of the emergency distribution member inside the distributor body together with the main distribution member is permitted under the effect of a friction drive of the emergency distribution member by the organ main distribution in seized situation inside the emergency distribution member, against a thrust exerted by the elastic deformation means.
  • said positioning means are means for blocking the emergency dispensing member on the dispenser body by a spindle movably mounted on the dispenser body.
  • the spindle cooperates by interlocking in support sliding with a cavity of the emergency distribution member and is movably mounted between an engagement position and a release position.
  • a head of the spindle is housed in the cavity under the effect of the thrust exerted against the spindle by the elastically deformable means.
  • said spindle head is completely disengaged from the cavity by spindle control means against the thrust exerted against the spindle by the elastically deformable means.
  • the implementation of the maneuvering means is placed under the dependence of a relative mobility between the emergency distribution member and the distributor body allowing at least partial release of said cavity by sliding from the spindle head to the spindle. inside the cavity.
  • the emergency distribution member In normal operating situation of the hydraulic distributor, the emergency distribution member is held firmly locked in said predetermined position by the spindle whose head is housed in the cavity. Said normal situation is a situation of the hydraulic distributor according to which it is noted that there is no seizure of the main distribution member inside the emergency distribution member.
  • the main distribution member In the position of engagement of the spindle, the main distribution member is movable inside the emergency distribution member, being movable by the control member.
  • the emergency dispensing member is firmly locked inside the dispenser body in the position of engagement of the pin held engaged in said cavity by the elastic deformation means which exert an axial thrust on the spindle.
  • said axial thrust is exerted on the spindle by the elastically deformable means in the direction general axial extension of the spindle corresponding to the direction of mobility of the spindle inside the hydraulic distributor.
  • a displacement of the emergency distribution member is caused by its friction drive by the main distribution member in a jam situation.
  • a displacement of the relief member as low as it is caused by reaction of the support of the spindle head against the walls of the cavity initiating a movement of the spindle in the disengaged position.
  • Such initiation of the movement of the spindle is limited in clearance and is caused by the sliding of the spindle head against the wall of the cavity.
  • the relative movement between the spindle head and the cavity causes the spindle to move from the engagement position to an intermediate position of the spindle.
  • the relative movement between the spindle head and the cavity allows said relative mobility between the emergency dispensing member and the distributor body causing the Implementation maneuvering means and the passage of the spindle from the engagement position, and more specifically from the intermediate position, to the disengagement position.
  • the passage of the pin in the release position is independent of the amplitude of the relative movement between the main distribution member and the emergency distribution member. Maintaining the spindle in the intermediate position is of short duration because of the implementation of the operating means as soon as the relative movement between the main distribution member and the emergency distribution member starts.
  • the implementation of the actuating means completely removes the head of the spindle out of the cavity, releasing the emergency dispensing member from its blockage inside the dispenser body.
  • the emergency distributor is not subject to any constraint opposing its movement inside the distributor body, except for the friction forces between the emergency distribution member and the body. distributor.
  • the implementation of the operating means is potentially caused by a control command generated by means of detecting the initiation of the relative displacement between the emergency distribution member and the distributor body.
  • the means for operating the spindle are means for fluidic thrust of the spindle provided with a piston against which is applied the pressurized fluid inside the hydraulic distributor.
  • the spindle is housed in mobility in a chamber of the dispenser body and is arranged as a shutter needle of a first fluid passage, said channel C.
  • Said channel C flows on the chamber through the cavity and is in fluidic communication with any of said conduits A and conduits B. At least partial clearance of the cavity allowing admission to the interior of the fluid chamber from the C-channel.
  • the at least partial release of the cavity by the spindle head generates the implementation of the operating means by pushing the spindle to the release position by means of the fluid circulating under pressure inside the dispenser.
  • the fluid admitted into the chamber through the cavity at least partially released from the head pushes the head and causes the spindle to move from the partial engagement position of the head within the cavity in the intermediate position of the spindle to the release position of the spindle fully released from the grip exerted by the cavity.
  • the thrust capacity of the elastic deformation means against the spindle is chosen to be smaller than the capacity of the spindle to be displaced by the operating means, and more specifically to the thrust capacity of the spindle. pin by the fluid admitted under pressure inside the chamber from the channel C.
  • the channel C is preferably in fluid communication with the intake duct A to optimize the thrust force exerted on the spindle by the fluid conveyed under pressure from the fluid source.
  • the hydraulic distributor comprises means for placing in fluid communication with each other all of the ducts A and ducts B in the position of disengagement of the spindle.
  • Fluidic communication between the ducts A and the ducts B places the chamber spontaneously and without any other external intervention to a fluid pressure corresponding to the pressure of the fluid discharged from the hydraulic distributor through the exhaust duct.
  • the fluid flowing in the cylinder body is at an identical pressure at the head and bottom of the cylinder.
  • a pressure corresponds to the pressure of the fluid discharged from the hydraulic distributor to a fluid source placed at a pressure lower than the pressure of the fluid admitted to the hydraulic distributor from the fluid source, such as in particular by venting ambient air from the evacuation conduit A to the fluid source, or even by evacuation of the fluid towards the source of fluid at a pressure significantly less than the pressure of fluid flowing from the fluid source to the hydraulic distributor.
  • the distributor body comprises second fluid passages, called channels D.
  • Said channels D are fluid passages respectively for a first channel D between the chamber and the intake duct A, for a second channel D between the chamber and the exhaust duct A, for a third channel D between the chamber and any of the ducts B and for a fourth duct D between the chamber and the other channel B.
  • the outlets on the chamber D-channels are closed together by the piston in the position of engagement of the spindle and are disengaged from the piston in the position of release of the spindle.
  • the clearance of the outlets on the channel chamber D is potentially carried out jointly or progressively from one to the other of said conduits, considered individually or considered in pairs by group of conduits respectively formed by the ducts A and the ducts B.
  • the channels D open on the chamber in the same radial plane considered with respect to the axial direction of movement of the pin inside the chamber.
  • the channels D open on the chamber in different radial planes with respect to the axial direction of movement of the pin inside the chamber.
  • the chamber is preferably in fluid communication with the evacuation conduit A via a third fluid passage, called channel E, which opens into any position of the spindle upstream of the piston in the direction of movement of the the pin from the engagement position to the release position.
  • the chamber is continuously supplied with fluid from the evacuation conduit A in the position of engagement of the spindle.
  • the fluid admitted into the chamber in the position of engagement of the spindle is at a pressure corresponding to the pressure of the fluid discharged from the hydraulic distributor to a fluid source placed in ambient air or at least placed at a pressure lower than the pressure of the fluid admitted to the hydraulic distributor from the fluid source.
  • said permanent supply of fluid to the chamber in the spindle engagement position provides lubrication inside the chamber favorable to the displacement of the piston, which makes it possible to prevent seizing of the spindle at the spindle. inside the room.
  • the channel E preferably comprises a section restriction, to allow a possible escape of the fluid unexpectedly admitted inside the chamber in the event of a small leakage of fluid between the head and the cavity forming the outlet of the channel C.
  • the hydraulic distributor preferably comprises means for holding the spindle in the release position independently of a break in the implementation of the operating means. Such arrangements are particularly useful in the case where it is desired to place the chamber at a pressure equivalent to the pressure of the fluid discharged to the fluid source.
  • the holding means dispense with having to maintain an active hold the operating means for holding the pin in the release position.
  • the spindle being moved by the actuating means from the engagement position to the release position, the holding means are implemented, preferably spontaneously, to prevent in themselves an unexpected passage of the spindle from the position of clearance to the engagement position.
  • Such arrangements are particularly useful in the desired case where the ducts A and the ducts B are in fluid communication in the spindle release position, and consequently in the preferred case where the chamber is placed at the pressure of the fluid prevailing in the room. the exhaust duct. Indeed, the setting in fluid communication of the ducts A and ducts B causing a pressure drop inside the chamber, it is preferred to reinforce the maintenance of the pin in the disengaged position by specific holding means.
  • the holding means are formed by said elastic deformation means arranged in a spring to at least one lamella.
  • the leaf spring (s) is attached to the dispenser body and bi-directional axial engagement on the spindle.
  • the notion of bidirectional is to be considered according to the two directions of axial mobility of the spindle.
  • the leaf spring (s) exerts an axial thrust against the pin in the engagement position and axial traction on the pin in the release position as a result of its deformation caused by the passage of the pin in the disengaged position.
  • these are of the elastic interlocking type and comprise an elastically deformable clip cooperating with a housing.
  • the clip and the housing are respectively arranged indifferently on the distributor body and on the spindle.
  • the staple and the housing are respectively provided on the distributor body and on the spindle, without prejudging the assignment of the staple and the housing to the distributor body or the spindle.
  • the hydraulic distributor is of the drawer type.
  • the main distribution member and the emergency distribution member are movably mounted in translation inside the distributor body.
  • the hydraulic distributor is of the rotary type.
  • the main distribution member and the emergency distribution member are movably mounted in angular displacement inside the distributor body.
  • the bearing surface of the spindle head within the cavity is indifferently a spherical surface or a conical bearing surface.
  • the bearing surface of the spindle head is potentially of any conformation, since said any conformation favors the sliding passage of the spindle from the engagement position to the intermediate position in which the head is partially disengaged. out of the cavity under the effect of the relative movement between the emergency distribution member and the main distribution member.
  • the implementation of the operating means is placed under the control of means for detecting a relative displacement between the main distribution member and the emergency distribution member.
  • detection means are for example described by the document FR2916492 .
  • the hydraulic distributor is potentially equipped with such detection means generating a signal d 'alarm.
  • detection means can be advantageously used to generate a control command of the implementation of the operating means.
  • the actuating means may be for example of the electromagnetic, mechanical, pneumatic or chemical type.
  • the present invention also relates to a servocontrol for maneuvering the blades of a rotorcraft rotor.
  • Said servo control comprises at least one hydraulic cylinder with at least one double-acting cylinder body and at least one hydraulic distributor of the present invention as just described.
  • the servocontrol comprises at least one hydraulic cylinder with several double-acting cylinder bodies, each of the cylinder body being supplied with fluid by a hydraulic distributor assigned to it.
  • each of the cylinder body is in fluid communication with a hydraulic distributor assigned to it.
  • the conduits B of each of the hydraulic distributors are in fluid communication with a respective cylinder body.
  • any of the ducts B of a first hydraulic distributor is in fluid communication with a first head passage of a first cylinder body.
  • the other of the ducts B of the first hydraulic distributor is in fluid communication with a first bottom passage of the first cylinder body.
  • any of the conduits B of a second hydraulic distributor is in fluid communication with a second head passage of a second cylinder body.
  • the other of the conduits B of the second distributor is in fluid communication with a second bottom passage of the second cylinder body.
  • each of the hydraulic distributors are jointly engaged on a common actuator whose implementation regulates the distribution of the fluid through one and the other of the two hydraulic distributors.
  • the first cylinder body and the second cylinder body are supplied with fluid in concordance by the respective hydraulic distributors assigned to them.
  • the hydraulic distributors regulate the circulation of the fluid inside the cylinder bodies according to the joint operation of the main distribution by the common maneuvering device.
  • the hydraulic distributors cause a relative displacement between the cylinder bodies and at least one rod that they accommodate either jointly or individually, respectively in the direction of circulation of the fluid distributed by the hydraulic distributors inside the cylinder bodies.
  • Seizure of any of the main organs of the hydraulic distributors causes a displacement of the spindle of the hydraulic distributor whose main distribution member is seized.
  • the displacement of the spindle completely releases the emergency distribution member by allowing preferably a flow of fluid between the ducts A and the ducts B.
  • Seizure of any of the main bodies of the hydraulic distributors causes an inhibition of the selective distribution of fluid to the cylinder body by a hydraulic distributor whose main distribution member is seized. Said inhibition does not hinder the free movement of the emergency distribution member inside the distributor body, and therefore does not prevent the movement of the main distribution member by the operating member.
  • Seizing of the main distribution member of a first hydraulic distributor does not prevent the free operation of the main body of the second hydraulic distributor by the operating member, and does not prevent relative free mobility between the rod or rods and the cylinder bodies.
  • the relative displacement between the rod (s) and the cylinder bodies is maintained regulated by the other hydraulic distributor providing a selective distribution of the fluid inside the jack body which is assigned to it.
  • the cylinder bodies are mounted in tandem by jointly housing a common rod.
  • the cylinder bodies are mounted in parallel, the cylinder bodies housing respective rods mechanically interconnected.
  • a servocontrol is arranged to maneuver the blades 1 of a main rotor with a substantially vertical axis of a rotorcraft.
  • the servocontrol conventionally combines at least one hydraulic cylinder 2 whose implementation is regulated by at least one hydraulic distributor 3,3 'comprising a distributor body 4 housing a main distribution member 5 and an emergency distribution member 6.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 2 comprises at least one cylinder body 7,8 housing a rod 9 in axial mobility in the general direction of extension of the cylinder body 7,8.
  • the cylinder body or bodies 7,8 are double-acting and comprise for this purpose a head passage 10 and a bottom passage 11 to allow a circulation of a fluid inside the cylinder body or bodies 7,8 .
  • the fluid is conveyed under pressure to the cylinder body (s) 7,8 and is potentially admitted into the cylinder body (s) 7,8, either through the head passage 10 or through the bottom passage 11. Conversely, the fluid is discharged out of the cylinder body (s) 7,8 through the bottom passage 11 or through the head passage 10.
  • the circulation of the fluid inside the cylinder body or bodies 7,8 causes a relative mobility between the cylinder body or bodies 7,8 and the rod 9 which is slidably mounted inside at least one body of cylinder 7.8 following two opposite directions of mobility.
  • the relative mobility between the cylinder body or bodies 7,8 and the rod 9 is used to operate the blades 1.
  • the cylinder body (s) 7, 8 and the rod (s) 9 of the hydraulic jack (s) 2 are each provided with an attachment member 12, 13 for their respective engagement on a chassis of the rotorcraft and or on an actuator 14 of the blades 1.
  • the rod 9 is equipped with an attachment member 13 to the rotorcraft frame and the cylinder body 7 is equipped with an attachment member 12 to the actuating member 14 of the blades 1.
  • rods 9 cooperating with respective cylinder bodies 7,8 are jointly equipped with a common fastening member 13 to the actuating member 14 of the blades 1.
  • the cylinder bodies 7.8 are each equipped with a fastener 12 to the frame of the rotorcraft.
  • the servo control comprises a hydraulic cylinder 2 comprising a single cylinder body 7.
  • the servocontrol comprises a hydraulic cylinder 2 comprising two actuator bodies 7,8 mounted in tandem and housing a common rod 9.
  • the servocontrol comprises a hydraulic cylinder 2 comprising two cylinder bodies 7, 8 placed in parallel, the respective rods 9 of which are jointly operated by being connected to each other by means of the common fastening member 12 of which they are equipped.
  • fig.1 to fig.4 the regulation of the flow of fluid through at least one cylinder body 7.8 is placed under the control of a hydraulic distributor 3,3 'assigned to it.
  • the control of the operation of at least one hydraulic distributor 3,3 ' is placed under the control of a control member 15 operable by a pilot of the rotorcraft, indifferently pilot human or autopilot.
  • the control member 15 is engaged on the main distribution member 5 of at least one hydraulic distributor 3,3 'to regulate the flow of fluid between the at least one cylinder body 7,8 and a source of fluid 16.
  • the distributor body 4 of a hydraulic distributor 3,3 'of the invention comprises ducts A 17,17' dedicated to the hydraulic junction between the hydraulic distributor 3,3 'and the source of fluid 16.
  • a pipe, called A flow 18, conveys through a pump 16 'the pressurized fluid from the fluid source 16 to an inlet duct 17 of the distributor hydraulic 3,3 '.
  • Another pipe, called return line 18 ', conveys the pressurized fluid from the exhaust ducts 17' of the hydraulic distributor 3, 3 'to the source of fluid 16.
  • the distributor body 4 of a hydraulic distributor 3,3 'of the invention also comprises ducts B 19,19' dedicated to a hydraulic junction between the hydraulic distributor 3,3 'and a cylinder body 7,8 to which it is affected.
  • the conduits B are in hydraulic communication via lines 20, 20 ', called lines B, respectively with the head passage 10 and the bottom passage 11 of the cylinder body 7, 8 to which the hydraulic distributor 3, 3' is affected.
  • first pipe B said pipe B head 20 and a second pipe B, said bottom pipe B '20', the leading pipe B and said bottom pipe B 'being in fluid communication respectively with the head passage 10 and the bottom passage 11 of the cylinder body 7,8 to which the lines B are affected.
  • the main distribution member 5 of a hydraulic distributor 3,3 ' is slidably mounted inside the emergency distribution member 6, itself slidably mounted in the distributor body 4.
  • the main distribution member 5 frictionally drives the emergency distribution member 6 which slides inside. of the distributor body 4 to keep the hydraulic distributor 3,3 'in operation.
  • the main distribution member 5 comprises first channels 21,21 'called channels A, dedicated to a circulation of the fluid through the hydraulic distributor 3,3' between the ducts A 17,17 'and the ducts B 19,19' .
  • the channels A 21, 21 ' are formed by respective enclosures opening at the periphery of the main distribution member 5 towards the recess of the emergency distribution member 6 housing the actuator member. main distribution 5.
  • the emergency distribution member 6 comprises second channels 22-22d (22,22a, 22b, 22c, 22d) called channels B.
  • the channels B 22-22d are dedicated to a circulation of the fluid between the ducts A 17,17 'and the ducts B 19,19' via the channels A 21,21 '.
  • the circulation of the fluid between the ducts A 17, 17 'and the ducts B 19, 19' is selectively obtained according to various respective positions of the main distribution member 5 operated by the control member 15.
  • the emergency distribution member 6 In the event of jamming of the main distribution member 5, the emergency distribution member 6 is held in a predefined position inside the distributor body 4. For this purpose, the emergency distribution member 6 is blocked on the distributor body 4 via a spindle 23.
  • the spindle 23 is axially movably mounted inside the distributor body 4 and cooperates by slidingly fitting with a cavity 24 formed in the spool member. emergency distribution 6.
  • the axial mobility of the spindle 23 is oriented transversely, and more specifically orthogonally, with respect to the mobility axis of the emergency distribution member 6 so that the locking force of the emergency distribution member 6 on the distributor body 4 is optimized.
  • the spindle 23 more particularly comprises a spherical shaped head 25 or similar conformation providing said interlocking sliding support of the head 25 inside the cavity 24.
  • the spindle 23 is held in the engaged position by placing in close cooperation between the head 25 and the cavity 24 as represented on the fig.1 to fig.5 .
  • the spindle 23 is held in the engaged position under the effect of a thrust exerted by means of elastic deformation 26 taking antagonistic supports against the distributor body 4 and against the spindle 23.
  • Said antagonistic supports are applied axially according to the invention. general axis of extension and mobility of the pin 23 inside the distributor body 4.
  • Such relative sliding between the head 25 and the cavity 24 is significant of a seizure of the main distribution member 5 inside the emergency distributor member 6 and is caused at a predetermined force threshold of relative mobility between the emergency distribution member 6 and the distributor body 4.
  • Said force threshold is predetermined according to the frictional forces between the emergency distribution member 6 and the distributor body 4, according to the thrust force exerted against the pin 23 by the resilient deformation means 26 and according to the surface state and conformation of the sliding bearing surface of the head 25 against the cavity 24, said bearing surface being preferably spherical.
  • the pin 23 is held in the engagement position inside the cavity 24 by means of elastic deformation 26 formed of a compression spring for example.
  • elastic deformation means 26 formed by a leaf spring (s).
  • a movement of the emergency distribution member 6 inside the distributor body 4 causes a relative sliding between the head 25 and the cavity 24 and is detected by detection means 28 which cause the implementation of the means maneuvering 27.
  • the detection means 28 are for example means for detecting a relative mobility primer between the emergency distribution member 6 and the distributor body 4 under the effect of seizing the main distribution member 5 driving by friction the emergency distribution member 6.
  • the operating means 27 are potentially any type of means able to move the pin 23, such as mechanical type, electromagnetic type, pneumatic type or chemical type.
  • the cavity 24 is formed of the outlet of a channel 29, said channel C, forming a first fluid passage between any conduit A 17, 17 'or conduit B 19,19' and a chamber 30 formed in the distributor body 4.
  • the pin 23 is provided with a piston 31 and said chamber 30 is a guide chamber sliding of the pin 23 to the release position, the sliding of the pin 23 being caused by the admission of the fluid under pressure inside the chamber 30 via the channel C 29, preferably via the channels A 21, 21 'to simplify the structural arrangement of the hydraulic distributor 3,3'.
  • the spindle 23 is held in the engaged position by the elastically deformable means 26 formed by the leaf spring (s) applying an axial thrust against the spindle 23 in the direction of the emergency dispensing member 6.
  • head 25 is maintained applied against the cavity 24 by closing the channel C 29.
  • the emergency distribution member 6 is blocked by the cooperation by stitching between the head 25 and the cavity 24.
  • the emergency dispensing member 6 tends to be slidably driven within the valve body 4 by the main dispensing member 5. As low as 1 amplitude of such a movement of the emergency distribution member 6, this movement causes a sliding of the head 25 inside the cavity 24 in an intermediate position of the pin 23.
  • the head 25 In the intermediate position of the spindle 23, the head 25 is held engaged inside the cavity 24 while being partially released from the grip exerted by the cavity 24 on the spindle 23.
  • the spindle 23 is slidably engaged with the spindle 23. inside the cavity 24 via the head 25, the emergency distribution member 6 is held in the intermediate position of the pin 23 partially immobilized on the distributor body 4. Such partial immobilization is considered as floating in because of the relative sliding caused between the cavity 24 and the head 25.
  • the distributor body 4 comprises a fluid passage, said channel E 33, opening upstream of the piston 31 in the direction of movement of the pin 23 from the engagement position to the disengagement position.
  • the channel E 33 is a connecting channel between the chamber 30 and the exhaust duct 17 ', to allow a possible escape of fluid from the channel C 29 in the engagement position of the pin 23 inside the the cavity 24. Such a possible escape of fluid can be induced by an undesirable source of leakage between the cavity 24 and the head 25.
  • the fluid flowing inside the exhaust duct 17 ' is at a pressure lower than the pressure of the fluid flowing in the intake duct 17.
  • a pressure difference is for example induced by venting the return line 18 'to the fluid source 16 or at least by pressurizing the discharge conduit A at a pressure lower than the fluid admitted under pressure to the hydraulic distributor 3.3 'by means of the pump 14'.
  • the admission of the fluid into the chamber 30 through the channel E 33 provides a lubrication of the chamber 30 and avoids excessive pressure buildup in the chamber 30 upstream of the piston 31 in the direction of circulation of the fluid admitted to the interior of the chamber 30 from the channel C 29.
  • D channels 32 are formed in the distributor body 4 between the chamber 30 and respectively each of the ducts A 17.17 'and ducts B 19.19'. In the engagement position of the pin 23 as illustrated on the fig.2 to fig.5 , the D channels 32 are closed by the piston 31 so that the admission of fluid inside the D 32 channels is inefficient.
  • the D channels 32 open on the chamber 30 in the same common radial plane R.
  • the D channels 32 in communication with the ducts A 17,17 'open on the chamber 30 in a first radial plane R1 and the channels D 32 in communication with the ducts B 19,19' open on the chamber 30 in a second radial plane R1.
  • the first radial plane R1 is preferably placed upstream of the second radial plane R2 in the direction of flow of the fluid admitted inside the chamber 30 from the channel C 29.
  • Each hydraulic distributor 3,3 ' is equipped with means for holding the spindle 23 in the release position, independently of a break in the implementation of the operating means 27.
  • said holding means are formed by the leaf spring (s) 26.
  • the leaf spring (s) 26 In the release position of the spindle 23 the leaf spring (s) 26 is pushed by the spindle 23 causing its deformation in a curvature inverse to its curvature initial in spindle engagement position 23. In this inverted curvature position, the leaf spring (s) exerts a pulling force on the spindle 23 in the direction opposite to the direction of the thrust it exerts on the spindle. 23 in the engagement position.
  • said holding means are formed by an elastically deformable clip 34 formed on the body of 4, the clip 34 cooperating by interlocking with a housing 35 formed on the spindle 23.
  • Such a restriction 36 does not prevent an escapement of the fluid admitted inappropriately inside the chamber 30 under the effect of a said source of leakage between the head 25 and the cavity 24.
  • the restriction 36 makes it possible to to increase the load required for evacuation from the chamber 30 of the fluid admitted under pressure from the intake channel A to the chamber 30 through the channel E 33.
  • the channels D 32 are placed in fluid communication with the chamber 30.
  • the ducts A 17, 17 'and the ducts B 19, 19' are placed in fluid communication between they, with the effect of rendering inefficient the fluid pressure exerted on either side of the rod 9 cooperating with the cylinder body 7,8 assigned to the hydraulic distributor 3,3 '.
  • mechanical connection means 37 place under direct mechanical dependence the control member 15 and the actuator 14 of the blades 1, so that the blades 1 can be directly operated by the operating member 15 avoiding operation faulty servocontrol.
  • Such mechanical connection means 37 are potentially implemented by the human pilot of the rotorcraft or are spontaneously implemented while being placed under the control of a sensor 38 of the inefficiency of the fluid pressure exerted on the part and Another of the rod 9.
  • a sensor 38 is for example formed by means for measuring the pressure of the fluid flowing through the pipes B 20,20 '.
  • the mobility modalities of the spindle illustrated on the fig.5 to fig.10 in the context of maneuvering means of the hydraulic type using the fluid admitted under pressure inside the hydraulic distributor 3,3 ', are transposable without special effort by substitution to a hydraulic distributor illustrated on the fig.1 wherein the actuating means are of any other type.
  • the hydraulic distributors 3,3 'illustrated for example in the figures are of the drawer type, the main distribution member 5 and the emergency distribution member 6 being slidably mounted inside the distributor body 4. It is however, to consider that the rules set forth by the present invention are transposable without any particular effort to rotary type hydraulic distributors 3,3 ', in which the main distribution member 5 and the emergency distribution member 6 are mounted in mobility rotating inside the dispenser body 4.
  • the general axis of extension and mobility of the spindle 5, and corollary the direction of thrust and / or traction exerted by the elastically deformable means 26 on the spindle 23, are oriented transversely to the axis of mobility of the main distribution member 5 and the emergency distribution member 6.
  • Such an arrangement of the mobility of the spindle 23 allows easy application of the invention to a hydraulic dispenser of any type with a drawer or rotary type. Indeed, the sliding or rotating mobility modes of the main distribution member 5 and the emergency distribution member 6 inside the distributor body 4 of the hydraulic distributor 3,3 'have no effect on the conditions implementation and mobility of the spindle 23 to alternatively implement or inhibit the locking by broaching between the emergency distribution member 6 and the distributor body 4.

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Description

La présente invention est du domaine des aéronefs à voilure(s) tournantes(s) équipés d'au moins un rotor entraîné en rotation par un groupe de motorisation. La présente invention relève plus particulièrement des servocommandes équipant les rotors de giravion pour faire varier l'incidence des pales d'un tel rotor.The present invention is in the field of rotary wing (s) aircraft (s) equipped with at least one rotor rotated by a motorization group. The present invention relates more particularly to servocontrols fitted to rotorcraft rotors for varying the incidence of the blades of such a rotor.

Les giravions sont équipés d'au moins un rotor principal à axe sensiblement vertical procurant au moins la sustentation du giravion. Dans le cas spécifique d'un hélicoptère, le rotor principal procure aussi la propulsion du giravion et son guidage en tangage et en roulis.The rotorcraft are equipped with at least one main rotor with a substantially vertical axis providing at least the lift of the rotorcraft. In the specific case of a helicopter, the main rotor also provides the propulsion of the rotorcraft and its guidance in pitch and roll.

Les giravions sont encore couramment équipés d'au moins un dispositif anti-couple tel que formé d'un rotor annexe à axe sensiblement horizontal apte en outre à procurer un guidage en lacet du giravion. Un tel rotor annexe est par exemple un rotor de queue, ou par exemple encore au moins une hélice propulsive dans le cas d'un hélicoptère à vitesses élevées de propulsion.Rotorcraft are still commonly equipped with at least one anti-torque device such as formed of an adjoining rotor with a substantially horizontal axis capable of further providing a yaw guide of the rotorcraft. Such an auxiliary rotor is for example a tail rotor, or for example still at least one propeller propeller in the case of a helicopter with high propulsion speeds.

Pour faire varier l'attitude en vol du giravion, un pilote génère des commandes de vol provoquant une variation de l'incidence des pales composant la voilure tournante dudit au moins un rotor. Le pilote est potentiellement un pilote humain ou un pilote automatique. La variation de l'incidence des pales est obtenue par une manoeuvre des pales provoquant une variation de leur pas cycliquement ou collectivement. Plus particulièrement, les pales sont montées articulées sur le rotor en pivotement sur elles-mêmes autour de leur direction générale d'extension. Le pivotement des pales sur elles-mêmes associé à leur mise en rotation autour de l'axe de rotation du rotor procurent la variation de leur pas cycliquement et/ou collectivement.To vary the flight attitude of the rotorcraft, a pilot generates flight controls causing a variation in the incidence of the blades forming the rotary wing of the at least one rotor. The driver is potentially a human pilot or an autopilot. The variation of the incidence of the blades is obtained by a maneuver of the blades causing a variation of their pitch cyclically or collectively. More particularly, the blades are pivotally mounted on the rotor pivoting about themselves around their general direction of extension. The pivoting of the blades on themselves associated with their rotation around the axis of rotation of the rotor provides the variation of their pitch cyclically and / or collectively.

A cet effet et en considérant par exemple un rotor principal, un plateau cyclique comporte un plateau inférieur non tournant et un plateau supérieur tournant associé, afin de modifier l'incidence de chacune des pales en fonction de leur position individuelle en azimut. Le plateau inférieur est manoeuvrable selon trois lignes de commande de vol distinctes et le plateau supérieur est relié à chacune des pales du rotor par un jeu de bielles respectives. Le plateau inférieur peut être placé suivant une quelconque orientation dans l'espace par rapport au mat du rotor sur lequel le plateau inférieur est guidé.For this purpose and considering, for example, a main rotor, a swashplate comprises a non-rotating lower plate and a associated rotating upper plate, in order to modify the incidence of each of the blades according to their individual position in azimuth. The lower plate is operable in three separate flight control lines and the upper plate is connected to each of the rotor blades by a set of respective connecting rods. The lower plate may be placed in any orientation in space with respect to the rotor mat on which the lower plate is guided.

Un tel agencement du plateau cyclique lui confère une mobilité axiale tout en étant oscillant dans tous les sens en rotule pour provoquer la variation du pas des pales selon les commandes de vol opérées par le pilote. Les efforts pour mouvoir le plateau cyclique étant potentiellement importants, il est utile d'assister le pilote dans les efforts à fournir pour manoeuvrer les pales.Such an arrangement of the swashplate gives it an axial mobility while being oscillating in all directions in ball to cause the variation of the pitch of the blades according to the flight controls operated by the pilot. As efforts to move the swashplate are potentially important, it is helpful to assist the pilot in the effort required to maneuver the blades.

C'est pourquoi il est courant d'exploiter des servocommandes pour faire varier le pas des pales. Les servocommandes peuvent assister un pilote humain vis-à-vis des efforts qu'il doit fournir pour faire varier le pas des pales par l'intermédiaire d'une chaîne mécanique de transmission de puissance. Les servocommandes peuvent encore être pilotées par un actionneur en fonction de commandes de vol générées par un pilote automatique.This is why it is common to use servo controls to vary the pitch of the blades. The servos can assist a human pilot with the efforts he has to make to vary the pitch of the blades through a mechanical power transmission chain. The servos can still be driven by an actuator according to flight commands generated by an autopilot.

Classiquement, une telle servocommande comprend un vérin hydraulique à au moins un corps de vérin double effet alimenté en fluide sous pression depuis une source de fluide équipant le giravion. Le fluide est plus particulièrement un fluide incompressible, huile notamment, favorisant la puissance et la précision obtenues pour manoeuvrer les pales.Conventionally, such a servo control comprises a hydraulic cylinder with at least one double-acting cylinder body fed with fluid under pressure from a fluid source equipping the rotorcraft. The fluid is more particularly an incompressible fluid, especially oil, promoting the power and accuracy obtained to manipulate the blades.

Le vérin hydraulique est potentiellement un vérin à simple corps de vérin ou un vérin à multiple corps de vérin, chaque corps de vérin logeant une tige. Une mobilité relative entre la tige et le corps de vérin qui la reçoit est obtenue par admission de fluide à l'intérieur du corps de vérin, ladite mobilité relative étant exploitée pour convertir la puissance hydraulique développée par la servocommande en puissance mécanique de manoeuvre des pales.The hydraulic cylinder is potentially a cylinder with a single cylinder body or a cylinder with multiple cylinder body, each cylinder body housing a rod. Relative mobility between the rod and the jack body which receives it is obtained by admission of fluid inside the jack body, said relative mobility being used to convert the hydraulic power developed by the servocontrol in mechanical power to maneuver the blades.

Dans le cas d'une servocommande comprenant un vérin hydraulique à multiple corps de vérin, les corps de vérin sont par exemple placés en tandem en étant intégrés en un corps de vérin commun et en logeant une tige commune. Par exemple encore, les corps de vérin d'un vérin hydraulique à multiple corps de vérin peuvent être placés en parallèle en logeant chacun des tiges respectives mécaniquement liées entre elles.In the case of a servo control comprising a hydraulic cylinder with multiple cylinder body, the cylinder bodies are for example placed in tandem being integrated into a common cylinder body and housing a common rod. For example still, the cylinder bodies of a hydraulic cylinder with multiple cylinder body can be placed in parallel by housing each of the respective rods mechanically interconnected.

Le ou les corps de vérin sont à double-effet et sont individuellement alimentés en fluide par un circuit hydraulique propre acheminant en aller-retour le fluide sous pression entre le corps de vérin et la source de fluide. Au retour du fluide vers la source de fluide, le circuit est potentiellement mis à l'air libre.The cylinder body or bodies are double-acting and are individually supplied with fluid by a clean hydraulic circuit conveying back and forth fluid under pressure between the cylinder body and the fluid source. When the fluid returns to the fluid source, the circuit is potentially vented.

La tige est agencée en piston et est montée en mobilité axiale bidirectionnelle à l'intérieur d'un corps de vérin qui la reçoit. Le corps de vérin comporte à sa tête et à son fond des passages de circulation du fluide. Un déplacement relatif entre la tige et le corps de vérin qui la reçoit est provoqué suivant l'un ou l'autre des sens de mobilité de la tige, selon une admission du fluide dans le corps de vérin à travers le passage de tête ou le passage de fond dont il est doté.The rod is arranged in piston and is mounted bidirectionally axial mobility within a jack body that receives it. The cylinder body has at its head and at its bottom passages of circulation of the fluid. Relative movement between the rod and the cylinder body that receives it is caused according to one or the other of the directions of mobility of the rod, according to an admission of the fluid into the cylinder body through the head passage or the passage of bottom of which it is endowed.

Selon des modalités d'implantation de la servocommande à bord de l'aéronef, la tige peut être fixée sur une structure du giravion pour manoeuvrer les pales par un déplacement du corps de vérin. Inversement selon une variante, le corps de vérin peut être fixé sur une structure du giravion pour manoeuvrer les pales par un déplacement de la tige.According to the arrangements for installing the servocontrol on board the aircraft, the rod can be fixed to a structure of the rotorcraft to manipulate the blades by a displacement of the cylinder body. Conversely, according to one variant, the jack body can be fixed on a rotorcraft structure to maneuver the blades by moving the rod.

Le fonctionnement du vérin hydraulique est placé sous la dépendance d'un ou de plusieurs distributeurs hydrauliques que comprend la servocommande. Chaque corps de vérin est individuellement alimenté en fluide sous pression par un distributeur hydraulique qui lui est affecté. De tels distributeurs hydrauliques sont notamment du type à tiroir ou peuvent être du type rotatif, et permettent de diriger le fluide acheminé sous pression à travers les circuits hydrauliques en faisant varier la puissance hydraulique développée par le vérin hydraulique.The operation of the hydraulic cylinder is dependent on one or more hydraulic valves that includes the servo. Each cylinder body is individually supplied with fluid under pressure by a hydraulic distributor assigned to it. Such hydraulic distributors are in particular of the drawer type or can be of the rotary type, and make it possible to direct the fluid conveyed under pressure through the hydraulic circuits by varying the hydraulic power developed by the hydraulic cylinder.

Le ou les distributeurs hydrauliques sont individuellement placés sur les circuits hydrauliques en interposition entre la source de fluide et un corps de vérin qui leur est affecté, de sorte que l'alimentation en fluide sous pression d'un corps de vérin soit gérée par un distributeur hydraulique qui lui est propre.The hydraulic distributor or distributors are individually placed on the hydraulic circuits interposed between the source of fluid and a jack body which is assigned to them, so that the supply of pressurized fluid of a cylinder body is managed by a distributor. hydraulic system of its own.

Chaque distributeur hydraulique reçoit le fluide sous pression en provenance du circuit hydraulique sur lequel il est placé pour alimenter en fluide le corps de vérin qui lui est affecté, sélectivement à travers l'un ou l'autre des passages. Inversement, chaque distributeur hydraulique évacue le fluide qu'il reçoit en provenance du corps de vérin qui lui est affecté vers la source de fluide.Each hydraulic distributor receives the pressurized fluid from the hydraulic circuit on which it is placed to supply fluid to the cylinder body assigned to it, selectively through one or other of the passages. Conversely, each hydraulic distributor discharges the fluid it receives from the jack body that is assigned to the fluid source.

On pourra par exemple se reporter aux documents US 3 529 514 (MAYO MILLARD G. et al.), US 4 128 047 (CAERO J.G.) et FR 2 444 825 (MESSERSCHMITT BOELKOW BLOHM) qui décrivent de tels distributeurs hydrauliques couramment utilisés dans le domaine de l'aéronautique.For example, we can refer to the documents US 3,529,514 (MAYO MILLARD G. et al.) US 4,128,047 (CAERO JG) and FR 2,444,825 (MESSERSCHMITT BOELKOW BLOHM) which describe such hydraulic distributors commonly used in the field of aeronautics.

Plus particulièrement pour un distributeur hydraulique donné, un corps de distributeur du distributeur hydraulique comporte des premiers conduits pour mettre le distributeur hydraulique en communication fluidique avec la source de fluide. Un conduit d'admission est dédié à une admission dans le distributeur hydraulique du fluide sous pression en provenance de la source de fluide, un conduit d'évacuation étant dédié à une évacuation du fluide en provenance du corps de vérin hors du distributeur hydraulique vers la source de fluide.More particularly for a given hydraulic distributor, a distributor body of the hydraulic distributor comprises first conduits for putting the hydraulic distributor into fluid communication with the fluid source. An intake duct is dedicated to an inlet in the hydraulic distributor of the pressurized fluid from the fluid source, an evacuation duct being dedicated to an evacuation of the fluid coming from the cylinder body out of the hydraulic distributor towards the source of fluid.

Le corps de distributeur comporte aussi des deuxièmes conduits pour mettre le distributeur hydraulique en communication fluidique avec le corps de vérin par l'intermédiaire des passages dont il est doté. Un deuxième conduit est dédié à une mise en communication fluidique entre le distributeur hydraulique et le passage de tête, tandis qu'un autre deuxième conduit est dédié à une mise en communication fluidique entre le distributeur hydraulique et le passage de fond. Un tel distributeur hydraulique est typiquement un distributeur hydraulique à quatre voies et à N positions stables, N étant au moins égal à deux.The distributor body also has second conduits for placing the hydraulic distributor in fluid communication with the cylinder body through the passageways thereof. A second conduit is dedicated to fluid communication between the hydraulic distributor and the head passage, while another second conduit is dedicated to a fluid communication between the hydraulic distributor and the bottom passage. Such a hydraulic distributor is typically a four-way hydraulic distributor with N stable positions, N being at least two.

Le corps de distributeur loge par ailleurs en mobilité au moins un organe de distribution principal manoeuvrable par un organe de commande. Dans le cas où la servocommande comporte plusieurs distributeurs hydrauliques affectés à des corps de vérin respectifs, l'organe de commande est en prise conjointe sur l'un et l'autre des organes de distribution principaux des distributeurs hydrauliques, et est manoeuvrable selon les commandes de vol opérées par le pilote pour déplacer conjointement chacun des organes de distribution principaux.The distributor body furthermore accommodates at least one main distribution member which can be operated by a control member. In the case where the servocontrol comprises several hydraulic distributors assigned to respective cylinder bodies, the control member is in joint engagement on one and the other of the main distribution members of the hydraulic distributors, and is operable according to the commands flight operated by the pilot to jointly move each of the main distribution members.

L'organe de commande, tel qu'agencé en bielle, est par exemple manoeuvrable par ladite chaîne mécanique de transmission de puissance dans le cas d'une exploitation de commandes de vol manuelles. Par exemple encore, l'organe de commande est manoeuvrable par un dit actionneur, tel qu'un moteur électrique, dans le cas d'une exploitation de commandes de vol automatisées.The control member, as arranged in connecting rod, is for example manoeuvrable by said mechanical power transmission chain in the case of an operation of manual flight controls. For example still, the control member is operable by an said actuator, such as an electric motor, in the case of an operation of automated flight controls.

L'organe de distribution principal ménage des premiers canaux de circulation du fluide à travers le distributeur hydraulique entre les premiers conduits et les deuxièmes conduits.The main distribution member maintains the first fluid circulation channels through the hydraulic distributor between the first ducts and the second ducts.

Selon la position de l'organe de distribution principal manoeuvré par l'organe de commande, le conduit d'admission et le conduit d'évacuation sont mis en communication fluidique sélectivement avec l'un ou l'autre des deuxièmes conduits.According to the position of the main distribution member operated by the control member, the intake duct and the duct are selectively in fluid communication with one or the other of the second conduits.

Il en ressort qu'une manoeuvre de l'organe de distribution principal provoquée par l'organe de commande selon les commandes de vol opérées par le pilote, permet de diriger et de faire varier la circulation du fluide à travers le corps de vérin auquel est affecté le distributeur hydraulique. Ainsi, le distributeur hydraulique permet de réguler le déplacement relatif entre le corps de vérin et la tige qu'il reçoit suivant l'un ou l'autre des sens de mobilité de la tige à l'intérieur du corps de vérin.It emerges that a maneuver of the main distribution member caused by the control member according to the flight controls operated by the pilot, allows to direct and vary the flow of fluid through the cylinder body to which is affected the hydraulic distributor. Thus, the hydraulic distributor makes it possible to regulate the relative displacement between the cylinder body and the rod that it receives according to one or other of the directions of mobility of the rod inside the cylinder body.

Dans ce contexte, il est notoirement considéré une situation normale de fonctionnement de la servocommande hors cas de panne du ou de l'un des distributeurs hydrauliques que comprend la servocommande. Un tel cas de panne est notamment constaté en cas de grippage de l'organe de distribution principal à l'intérieur du corps de distributeur de l'un des distributeurs hydrauliques.In this context, it is notoriously considered a normal operating condition of the servocontrol out of case of failure of or one of the hydraulic distributors that includes the servo. Such a case of failure is particularly noted in case of seizure of the main distribution member inside the distributor body of one of the hydraulic distributors.

Dans le cas d'une servocommande comprenant un vérin hydraulique à simple corps de vérin, un dysfonctionnement de la servocommande ou du circuit d'alimentation en fluide ne permet pas de manoeuvrer les pales au moyen de la servocommande. Le pilote peut néanmoins manoeuvrer les pales en forçant un déplacement de la tige au moyen de la chaîne mécanique de transmission de puissance. Il est cependant à relever qu'une telle manoeuvre forcée de la tige est inconfortable pour le pilote.In the case of a servo control comprising a hydraulic cylinder with a single cylinder body, a malfunction of the servocontrol or the fluid supply circuit does not allow to maneuver the blades by means of the servo. The pilot can nevertheless maneuver the blades by forcing a displacement of the rod by means of the mechanical power transmission chain. It should be noted, however, that such a forced maneuver of the rod is uncomfortable for the pilot.

L'intégration de plusieurs corps de vérin au vérin hydraulique permet de sécuriser le fonctionnement de la servocommande, notamment en cas de dysfonctionnement de l'un des circuits hydrauliques alimentant en fluide l'un ou l'autre des corps de vérin ou encore en cas de dysfonctionnement de l'un des corps de vérin.The integration of several cylinder bodies to the hydraulic cylinder makes it possible to secure the operation of the servocontrol, in particular in the event of a malfunction of one of the hydraulic circuits supplying fluid to one or the other of the cylinder bodies or else malfunction of one of the cylinder bodies.

Il se pose donc le problème de la sécurisation, de la fiabilité et de la précision du fonctionnement des servocommandes. Plus particulièrement, un cas de grippage de l'organe de distribution principal du ou de l'un des distributeurs hydrauliques ne doit pas provoquer un blocage du vérin hydraulique ni son dysfonctionnement en autorisant un déplacement incontrôlé de la ou des tiges coopérant respectivement avec le ou les corps de vérin.There is therefore the problem of securing, reliability and accuracy of servo operation. More particularly, a case of seizure of the main distribution member or one of the hydraulic distributors must not cause a blocking of the hydraulic cylinder or its malfunction by allowing uncontrolled movement of the rod or cooperating respectively with the or the cylinder bodies.

C'est pourquoi pour fiabiliser le fonctionnement des servocommandes, il est connu des distributeurs hydrauliques doubles. Un distributeur hydraulique double comporte un organe de distribution de secours monté dans le corps de distributeur, en interposition entre l'organe de distribution principal et le corps de distributeur. L'organe de distribution de secours comporte des deuxièmes canaux communiquant respectivement avec les premiers canaux de l'organe de distribution principal.This is why to make reliable servo operation, it is known double hydraulic distributors. A dual hydraulic distributor has an emergency distribution member mounted in the distributor body, interposed between the main distribution member and the distributor body. The emergency distribution member comprises second channels communicating respectively with the first channels of the main distribution member.

Plus particulièrement, l'organe de distribution principal est guidé en mobilité à l'intérieur de l'organe de distribution de secours, lui-même monté potentiellement mobile dans le corps de distributeur. En position nominale du distributeur hydraulique hors cas de grippage de l'organe de distribution principal, l'organe de distribution de secours est maintenu en une position prédéfinie à l'intérieur du corps de distributeur par des moyens de positionnement. De tels moyens de positionnement sont notamment du type à déformation élastique prenant des appuis antagonistes contre le corps de distributeur et contre l'organe de distribution de secours.More particularly, the main distribution member is guided in mobility within the emergency distribution member, itself mounted potentially mobile in the distributor body. In nominal position of the hydraulic distributor out of seizing case of the main distribution member, the emergency distribution member is held in a predefined position inside the distributor body by positioning means. Such positioning means are in particular of the elastic deformation type taking antagonistic supports against the distributor body and against the emergency distribution member.

En cas de grippage de l'organe de distribution principal à l'intérieur de l'organe de distribution de secours, l'organe de distribution de secours est entraîné par friction par l'organe de distribution principal à l'encontre des efforts exercés par les moyens à déformation élastique contre l'organe de distribution de secours.In case of seizure of the main distribution member inside the emergency distribution member, the emergency distribution member is frictionally driven by the main distribution member against the forces exerted by the the means with elastic deformation against the emergency distribution member.

De telles dispositions permettent de maintenir en fonctionnement le distributeur hydraulique malgré un grippage de l'organe de distribution principal.Such arrangements make it possible to keep the hydraulic distributor in operation despite a jamming of the main distribution member.

Cependant en cas de grippage de l'organe de distribution principal, le fonctionnement du distributeur hydraulique n'est obtenu que partiellement conforme aux commandes de vol opérées par le pilote.However, in case of seizure of the main distribution member, the operation of the hydraulic distributor is obtained only partially in accordance with flight controls operated by the pilot.

Il apparaît que la fiabilisation obtenue du fonctionnement du distributeur hydraulique mérite d'être améliorée. En effet, l'agencement susvisé du distributeur hydraulique permet essentiellement d'éviter un blocage du vérin hydraulique en cas de grippage de l'organe de distribution principal du ou de l'un des distributeurs hydrauliques que comprend la servocommande.It appears that the reliability obtained from the operation of the hydraulic distributor deserves to be improved. Indeed, the aforementioned arrangement of the hydraulic distributor essentially prevents a hydraulic cylinder lock in case of seizure of the main distribution member or one of the hydraulic distributors that includes the servo.

Dans le cas d'un vérin hydraulique à multiple corps de vérin, une commande correcte du fonctionnement du vérin hydraulique est autorisée par l'un des distributeurs hydrauliques en cas de grippage de l'organe de distribution principal de l'autre distributeur hydraulique. Eventuellement, une commande correcte peut être obtenue par le distributeur hydraulique défaillant dans le cas où l'organe de distribution principal suite à son grippage est en position adéquate à l'intérieur de l'organe de distribution de secours, ce qui est cependant aléatoire.In the case of a hydraulic cylinder with multiple cylinder body, a correct control of the operation of the hydraulic cylinder is authorized by one of the hydraulic valves in case of seizure of the main distribution member of the other hydraulic distributor. Optionally, a correct command can be obtained by the faulty hydraulic distributor in the case where the main distribution member after seizing is in proper position within the emergency distribution member, which however is random.

Il en ressort qu'il est souhaitable qu'un grippage de l'organe de distribution principal de l'un des distributeurs hydrauliques ne fasse en aucun cas obstacle au fonctionnement correct de l'autre distributeur hydraulique, pour procurer un fonctionnement optimisé du vérin hydraulique en cas de dysfonctionnement de l'un des distributeurs hydrauliques.It follows that it is desirable that seizing the main distribution member of one of the hydraulic distributors does not in any way impede the proper operation of the other hydraulic distributor, to provide optimized operation of the hydraulic cylinder in case of malfunction of one of the hydraulic distributors.

Par ailleurs, l'utilisation de moyens de positionnement du type à déformation élastique maintenant l'organe de distribution de secours à l'intérieur du corps de distributeur dans ladite position prédéfinie est à améliorer.Furthermore, the use of positioning means of the elastic deformation type now the emergency distribution member inside the dispenser body in said predefined position is to be improved.

En effet, il est souhaitable que la manoeuvre du distributeur hydraulique puisse être effectuée avec des efforts réduits en cas de grippage de l'organe de distribution principal, pour optimiser le confort du pilote humain générant des commandes de vol manuelles et pour éviter un surdimensionnement dudit actionneur dans le cas d'une exploitation de commandes de vol automatisées.Indeed, it is desirable that the operation of the hydraulic distributor can be performed with reduced efforts in case of seizure of the main distribution member, to optimize the comfort of the human pilot generating manual flight controls and to prevent oversizing of said actuator in the case of an operation of automated flight controls.

Pour connaître un environnement technologique proche de la présente invention, on pourra se reporter au document FR2916492 (EUROCOPTER FRANCE) qui décrit un dispositif de détection du grippage d'un distributeur hydraulique double d'une servocommande à vérin hydraulique à double corps de vérin double-effet de manoeuvre des pales d'un rotor de giravion.To know a technological environment close to the present invention, reference may be made to the document FR2916492 (EUROCOPTER FRANCE) which describes a seizure detection device of a double hydraulic distributor of a servocontrol with hydraulic jack double body cylinder double-acting maneuvering blades of a rotorcraft rotor.

Le but de la présente invention est de proposer un distributeur hydraulique double d'une servocommande de manoeuvre des pales d'un rotor de giravion modifiant leur incidence par variation de leur pas collectivement ou cycliquement, ainsi qu'un procédé de mise en oeuvre dudit distributeur hydraulique.The object of the present invention is to propose a double hydraulic distributor of a servo control for maneuvering the blades of a rotorcraft rotor modifying their incidence by varying their pitch collectively or cyclically, as well as a method of implementing said distributor. hydraulic.

Une telle servocommande comprend un vérin hydraulique à au moins un corps de vérin double-effet, le ou les corps de vérin étant chacun alimentés en fluide à travers un distributeur hydraulique qui leur est individuellement affecté tel qu'il vient d'être décrit.Such a servo control comprises a hydraulic cylinder with at least one double-acting cylinder body, the cylinder body or bodies being each supplied with fluid through a hydraulic distributor which is individually assigned to them as just described.

Dans le contexte d'un agencement d'une telle servocommande, la présente invention vise essentiellement à répondre aux besoins révélés et résultats inhabituels suivants, considérés isolément ou en combinaison :

  • - ) interdire un dysfonctionnement du vérin hydraulique en cas de grippage de l'organe de distribution principal de l'un des distributeurs hydrauliques équipant un vérin hydraulique à multiple corps de vérin de la servocommande.
  • -) stabiliser la position relative entre l'organe de distribution de secours et l'organe de distribution principal d'un distributeur hydraulique équipant un vérin hydraulique de la servocommande, ledit vérin hydraulique étant indifféremment à simple corps de vérin ou à multiple corps de vérin,
  • -) autoriser, en cas de grippage de l'organe de distribution principal de l'un des distributeurs hydrauliques équipant un vérin hydraulique à multiple corps de vérin de la servocommande, un fonctionnement totalement libre d'au moins un autre distributeur hydraulique affecté à un autre corps de vérin du vérin hydraulique.
  • -) obtenir un fonctionnement fiable et précis du ou des distributeurs hydrauliques équipant un vérin hydraulique indifféremment à simple corps de vérin ou à multiple corps de vérin, tout en limitant les efforts à fournir par un organe de commande régulant leur fonctionnement conformément à des commandes de vol générées par un pilote du giravion,
  • -) permettre à un pilote de manoeuvrer les pales confortablement au moyen d'organes de commande manuelle en cas de grippage de l'organe de distribution principal du distributeur hydraulique équipant un vérin hydraulique simple corps de vérin.
In the context of an arrangement of such a servo control, the present invention is essentially intended to meet the following revealed needs and unusual results, considered alone or in combination:
  • -) prohibit malfunctioning of the hydraulic cylinder in the event of seizing of the main distributor member of one of the distributors hydraulics equipping a hydraulic cylinder with multiple actuator cylinder body.
  • -) stabilize the relative position between the emergency distribution member and the main distribution member of a hydraulic distributor equipping a hydraulic cylinder of the servo, said hydraulic cylinder being indifferently single cylinder body or multiple cylinder body ,
  • -) allow, in case of seizure of the main distribution member of one of the hydraulic distributors equipping a hydraulic cylinder with multiple cylinder body of the servocontrol, completely free operation of at least one other hydraulic distributor assigned to a other cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • -) obtain a reliable and accurate operation of the hydraulic distributor (s) equipping a hydraulic cylinder indifferently single cylinder body or multiple cylinder body, while limiting the efforts to be provided by a control member regulating their operation in accordance with orders of flight generated by a pilot of the rotorcraft,
  • -) allow a pilot to maneuver the blades comfortably by means of manual controls in case of seizure of the main distribution member of the hydraulic distributor equipping a hydraulic cylinder simple cylinder body.

Par ailleurs, il ne doit pas être perdu de vue que la structure du ou des distributeurs hydrauliques doit être la plus simple et la plus légère possible. Une telle contrainte s'inscrit dans la recherche d'une obtention du ou des distributeurs hydrauliques à moindres coûts et d'une limitation de leur masse et de leur encombrement, compte tenu de leur implantation à bord d'un giravion souhaité le plus léger possible.In addition, it must not be forgotten that the structure of the hydraulic distributor (s) must be as simple and light as possible. Such a constraint is part of the search for obtaining the hydraulic distributor or distributors at lower costs and a limitation of their mass and their size, given their location on board a desired rotorcraft as light as possible .

Le distributeur hydraulique de la présente invention est un distributeur hydraulique double que comprend une servocommande de manoeuvre des pales d'un rotor de giravion.The hydraulic distributor of the present invention is a dual hydraulic distributor that includes a servo control for maneuvering the blades of a rotorcraft rotor.

Le distributeur hydraulique de la présente invention comprend un premier corps, dit corps de distributeur, comportant des premiers conduits, dits conduits A. Les conduits A sont dédiés à une jonction hydraulique entre le distributeur hydraulique et une source de fluide sous pression. Les conduits A comprennent au moins un conduit d'admission, dit conduit A d'admission, le conduit A d'admission procurant une admission du fluide depuis l'extérieur vers l'intérieur du distributeur hydraulique. Les conduits A comprennent aussi au moins un conduit d'évacuation, dit conduit A d'évacuation. Le conduit A d'évacuation procure une évacuation du fluide hors du distributeur hydraulique.The hydraulic distributor of the present invention comprises a first body, said distributor body, comprising first ducts, called ducts A. The ducts A are dedicated to a hydraulic junction between the hydraulic distributor and a source of pressurized fluid. The ducts A comprise at least one intake duct, called intake duct A, the inlet duct providing an intake of the fluid from the outside to the inside of the hydraulic distributor. The ducts A also comprise at least one exhaust duct, called exhaust duct A. The exhaust duct A provides a discharge of the fluid out of the hydraulic distributor.

Le corps de distributeur comporte aussi des deuxièmes conduits, dits conduits B. Les conduits B sont dédiés à une jonction hydraulique entre le distributeur hydraulique et un deuxième corps, dit corps de vérin, d'un vérin hydraulique de la servocommande. Les conduits B comprennent un couple de conduits B procurant une circulation du fluide entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du distributeur hydraulique.The distributor body also comprises second ducts, called ducts B. The ducts B are dedicated to a hydraulic connection between the hydraulic distributor and a second body, said cylinder body, a hydraulic cylinder of the servo. The conduits B comprise a pair of ducts B providing a flow of fluid between the inside and the outside of the hydraulic distributor.

Le distributeur hydraulique de la présente invention comprend aussi un organe de distribution principal monté mobile à l'intérieur du corps de distributeur. L'organe de distribution principal est manoeuvrable par un organe de commande et ménage des premiers canaux, dits canaux A, dédiés à une circulation du fluide à travers le distributeur hydraulique entre les conduits A et les conduits B. Le conduit A d'admission et le conduit A d'évacuation sont en communication fluidique par l'intermédiaire des canaux A sélectivement avec l'un ou l'autre des conduits B selon des positions respectives de l'organe de distribution principal à l'intérieur du corps de distributeur.The hydraulic dispenser of the present invention also includes a main dispensing member movably mounted within the dispenser body. The main distribution member is operable by a control member and includes first channels, called channels A, dedicated to a circulation of the fluid through the hydraulic distributor between the ducts A and the ducts B. The duct A intake and the exhaust duct A are in fluid communication via the channels A selectively with one or the other of the ducts B according to positions of the main distribution member within the distributor body.

Le distributeur hydraulique de la présente invention comprend encore un organe de distribution de secours interposé entre le corps de distributeur et l'organe de distribution principal. L'organe de distribution de secours loge en mobilité l'organe de distribution principal et est monté mobile à l'intérieur du corps de distributeur. L'organe de distribution de secours ménage des deuxièmes canaux, dits canaux B. Les canaux B sont dédiés à une circulation du fluide entre d'une part les canaux A et d'autre part les conduits A et les conduits B sélectivement selon lesdites positions respectives de l'organe de distribution principal.The hydraulic dispenser of the present invention further comprises an emergency dispensing member interposed between the dispenser body and the main dispensing member. The emergency dispenser member movably accommodates the main dispensing member and is movably mounted within the dispenser body. The emergency distribution member houses second channels, called channels B. The channels B are dedicated to a circulation of the fluid between on the one hand the channels A and on the other hand the ducts A and the ducts B selectively according to said positions respective parts of the main distribution member.

Le distributeur hydraulique de la présente invention comprend par ailleurs des moyens de positionnement de l'organe de distribution de secours dans une position prédéfinie à l'intérieur du corps de distributeur. Dans ladite position prédéfinie de l'organe de distribution de secours, les canaux A et les canaux B sont en communication fluidique deux à deux.The hydraulic dispenser of the present invention further comprises means for positioning the emergency dispensing member in a predefined position within the dispenser body. In said predefined position of the emergency distribution member, the channels A and B channels are in fluid communication two by two.

Lesdits moyens de positionnement mettent en oeuvre au moins des moyens à déformation élastique prenant appui contre le corps de distributeur. Une mobilité de l'organe de distribution de secours à l'intérieur du corps de distributeur conjointement avec l'organe de distribution principal est autorisée sous l'effet d'un entraînement par friction de l'organe de distribution de secours par l'organe de distribution principal en situation de grippage à l'intérieur de l'organe de distribution de secours, à l'encontre d'une poussée exercée par les moyens à déformation élastique.Said positioning means use at least elastic deformation means bearing against the distributor body. Mobility of the emergency distribution member inside the distributor body together with the main distribution member is permitted under the effect of a friction drive of the emergency distribution member by the organ main distribution in seized situation inside the emergency distribution member, against a thrust exerted by the elastic deformation means.

Selon la présente invention, lesdits moyens de positionnement sont des moyens de blocage de l'organe de distribution de secours sur le corps de distributeur par une broche montée mobile sur le corps de distributeur. La broche coopère par emboîtement en appui glissant avec une cavité de l'organe de distribution de secours et est montée mobile entre une position d'engagement et une position de dégagement.According to the present invention, said positioning means are means for blocking the emergency dispensing member on the dispenser body by a spindle movably mounted on the dispenser body. The spindle cooperates by interlocking in support sliding with a cavity of the emergency distribution member and is movably mounted between an engagement position and a release position.

En position d'engagement, une tête de la broche est logée dans la cavité sous l'effet de la poussée exercée contre la broche par les moyens à déformation élastique. En position de dégagement ladite tête de la broche est dégagée totalement hors de la cavité par des moyens de manoeuvre de la broche à l'encontre de la poussée exercée contre la broche par les moyens à déformation élastique.In the engagement position, a head of the spindle is housed in the cavity under the effect of the thrust exerted against the spindle by the elastically deformable means. In the disengaged position, said spindle head is completely disengaged from the cavity by spindle control means against the thrust exerted against the spindle by the elastically deformable means.

La mise en oeuvre des moyens de manoeuvre est placée sous la dépendance d'une mobilité relative entre l'organe de distribution de secours et le corps de distributeur autorisant une libération au moins partielle de ladite cavité par glissement de la tête de la broche à l'intérieur de la cavité.The implementation of the maneuvering means is placed under the dependence of a relative mobility between the emergency distribution member and the distributor body allowing at least partial release of said cavity by sliding from the spindle head to the spindle. inside the cavity.

En situation normale de fonctionnement du distributeur hydraulique, l'organe de distribution de secours est maintenu fermement bloqué dans ladite position prédéfinie par la broche dont la tête est logée dans la cavité. Ladite situation normale est une situation du distributeur hydraulique selon laquelle il est constaté une absence de grippage de l'organe de distribution principal à l'intérieur de l'organe de distribution de secours.In normal operating situation of the hydraulic distributor, the emergency distribution member is held firmly locked in said predetermined position by the spindle whose head is housed in the cavity. Said normal situation is a situation of the hydraulic distributor according to which it is noted that there is no seizure of the main distribution member inside the emergency distribution member.

En position d'engagement de la broche, l'organe de distribution principal est mobile à l'intérieur de l'organe de distribution de secours, en étant déplaçable par l'organe de commande. L'organe de distribution de secours est fermement bloqué à l'intérieur du corps de distributeur en position d'engagement de la broche maintenue engagée dans ladite cavité par les moyens à déformation élastique qui exercent une poussée axiale sur la broche.In the position of engagement of the spindle, the main distribution member is movable inside the emergency distribution member, being movable by the control member. The emergency dispensing member is firmly locked inside the dispenser body in the position of engagement of the pin held engaged in said cavity by the elastic deformation means which exert an axial thrust on the spindle.

Il est compris que ladite poussée axiale est exercée sur la broche par les moyens à déformation élastique suivant la direction générale d'extension axiale de la broche correspondante à la direction de mobilité de la broche à l'intérieur du distributeur hydraulique.It is understood that said axial thrust is exerted on the spindle by the elastically deformable means in the direction general axial extension of the spindle corresponding to the direction of mobility of the spindle inside the hydraulic distributor.

Il est aussi compris que la liaison mécanique par brochage entre l'organe de distribution de secours et le corps de distributeur implique que la poussée axiale exercée sur la broche par les moyens à déformation élastique est opérée transversalement à l'axe de mobilité des organes de distribution à l'intérieur du corps, sans préjuger du caractère tournant ou translatif de cette mobilité.It is also understood that the mechanical connection by broaching between the emergency distribution member and the distributor body implies that the axial thrust exerted on the spindle by the elastically deformable means is operated transversely to the axis of mobility of the spindle members. distribution within the body, without prejudging the rotating or translational nature of this mobility.

En situation de grippage de l'organe de distribution principal à l'intérieur de l'organe de distribution de secours, un déplacement relatif entre le corps de distributeur et l'organe de distribution de secours est autorisé par glissement relatif entre la tête de la broche et la cavité à l'encontre de la poussée exercée sur la broche par les moyens à déformation élastique.In a situation of jamming of the main distribution member inside the emergency distribution member, relative movement between the distributor body and the emergency distribution member is allowed by relative sliding between the head of the dispenser spindle and the cavity against the thrust exerted on the spindle by means of elastic deformation.

Plus particulièrement, un déplacement de l'organe de distribution de secours est provoqué par son entraînement par friction par l'organe de distribution principal en situation de grippage. Un déplacement de l'organe de secours aussi faible soit-il provoque par réaction de l'appui de la tête de la broche contre les parois de la cavité un amorçage d'un déplacement de la broche en position de dégagement. Un tel amorçage du déplacement de la broche est limité en débattement et est provoqué sous l'effet d'un glissement de la tête de la broche contre la paroi de la cavité.More particularly, a displacement of the emergency distribution member is caused by its friction drive by the main distribution member in a jam situation. A displacement of the relief member as low as it is caused by reaction of the support of the spindle head against the walls of the cavity initiating a movement of the spindle in the disengaged position. Such initiation of the movement of the spindle is limited in clearance and is caused by the sliding of the spindle head against the wall of the cavity.

Le mouvement relatif entre la tête de la broche et la cavité provoque un déplacement de la broche depuis la position d'engagement vers une position intermédiaire de la broche. Le mouvement relatif entre la tête de la broche et la cavité, même limité en course à un amorçage de faible amplitude d'un mouvement de la broche, autorise ladite mobilité relative entre l'organe de distribution de secours et le corps de distributeur provoquant la mise en oeuvre des moyens de manoeuvre et le passage de la broche depuis la position d'engagement, et plus spécifiquement depuis la position intermédiaire, vers la position de dégagement.The relative movement between the spindle head and the cavity causes the spindle to move from the engagement position to an intermediate position of the spindle. The relative movement between the spindle head and the cavity, even limited in stroke to a low amplitude initiation of a movement of the spindle, allows said relative mobility between the emergency dispensing member and the distributor body causing the Implementation maneuvering means and the passage of the spindle from the engagement position, and more specifically from the intermediate position, to the disengagement position.

Le passage de la broche en position de dégagement est indépendant de l'amplitude du mouvement relatif entre l'organe de distribution principal et l'organe de distribution de secours. Le maintien de la broche en position intermédiaire est d'une durée brève en raison de la mise en oeuvre des moyens de manoeuvre dès un amorçage du déplacement relatif entre l'organe de distribution principal et l'organe de distribution de secours.The passage of the pin in the release position is independent of the amplitude of the relative movement between the main distribution member and the emergency distribution member. Maintaining the spindle in the intermediate position is of short duration because of the implementation of the operating means as soon as the relative movement between the main distribution member and the emergency distribution member starts.

La mise en oeuvre des moyens de manoeuvre retire totalement la tête de la broche hors de la cavité, libérant l'organe de distribution de secours de son blocage à l'intérieur du corps de distributeur. En situation totalement libre en mouvement, le distributeur de secours n'est soumis à aucune contrainte s'opposant à son déplacement à l'intérieur du corps de distributeur, exception faite des efforts de frottement entre l'organe de distribution de secours et le corps de distributeur.The implementation of the actuating means completely removes the head of the spindle out of the cavity, releasing the emergency dispensing member from its blockage inside the dispenser body. In a totally free-moving situation, the emergency distributor is not subject to any constraint opposing its movement inside the distributor body, except for the friction forces between the emergency distribution member and the body. distributor.

Il est à relever à ce stade de la description que la mise en oeuvre des moyens de manoeuvre est potentiellement provoquée par un ordre de commande généré par des moyens de détection de l'amorçage du déplacement relatif entre l'organe de distribution de secours et le corps de distributeur.It should be noted at this stage of the description that the implementation of the operating means is potentially caused by a control command generated by means of detecting the initiation of the relative displacement between the emergency distribution member and the distributor body.

Poursuivant la démarche de la présente invention, il est avantageusement proposé d'exploiter le fluide admis à l'intérieur du distributeur hydraulique pour procurer les moyens de puissance mécanique nécessaire à la manoeuvre de la broche depuis sa position d'engagement vers sa position de dégagementContinuing the approach of the present invention, it is advantageously proposed to use the fluid admitted inside the hydraulic distributor to provide the mechanical power means necessary for the operation of the pin from its engagement position to its release position

Il est à cet effet proposé une forme avantageuse de réalisation selon laquelle les moyens de manoeuvre de la broche sont des moyens de poussée fluidique de la broche munie d'un piston contre lequel est appliqué le fluide admis sous pression à l'intérieur du distributeur hydraulique.For this purpose, it is proposed an advantageous embodiment according to which the means for operating the spindle are means for fluidic thrust of the spindle provided with a piston against which is applied the pressurized fluid inside the hydraulic distributor.

Plus particulièrement, la broche est logée en mobilité dans une chambre du corps de distributeur et est agencée en pointeau d'obturation d'un premier passage de fluide, dit canal C. Ledit canal C découche sur la chambre à travers la cavité et est en communication fluidique avec l'un quelconque desdits conduits A et conduits B. Un dégagement au moins partiel de la cavité autorisant une admission à l'intérieur de la chambre du fluide en provenance du canal C.More particularly, the spindle is housed in mobility in a chamber of the dispenser body and is arranged as a shutter needle of a first fluid passage, said channel C. Said channel C flows on the chamber through the cavity and is in fluidic communication with any of said conduits A and conduits B. At least partial clearance of the cavity allowing admission to the interior of the fluid chamber from the C-channel.

La libération au moins partielle de la cavité par la tête de la broche génère la mise en oeuvre des moyens de manoeuvre par poussée de la broche vers la position de dégagement au moyen du fluide circulant sous pression à l'intérieur du distributeur.The at least partial release of the cavity by the spindle head generates the implementation of the operating means by pushing the spindle to the release position by means of the fluid circulating under pressure inside the dispenser.

En cas de grippage de l'organe de distribution principal et en conséquence de l'amorçage du déplacement de la broche, le fluide admis à l'intérieur de la chambre à travers la cavité libérée au moins partiellement de la tête, repousse la tête et provoque le passage de la broche depuis la position d'engagement partiel de la tête à l'intérieur de la cavité en position intermédiaire de la broche vers la position de dégagement de la broche totalement libérée de l'emprise exercée par la cavité.In case of seizure of the main distribution member and as a result of initiating the movement of the spindle, the fluid admitted into the chamber through the cavity at least partially released from the head, pushes the head and causes the spindle to move from the partial engagement position of the head within the cavity in the intermediate position of the spindle to the release position of the spindle fully released from the grip exerted by the cavity.

L'admission du fluide à l'intérieur de la chambre rend irréversible le passage de la broche depuis la position de dégagement vers la position d'engagement.The admission of the fluid inside the chamber makes irreversible the passage of the pin from the release position to the engagement position.

Il est évidemment compris que la capacité de poussée des moyens à déformation élastique contre la broche est choisie inférieure à la capacité de déplacement de la broche par les moyens de manoeuvre, et plus spécifiquement à la capacité de poussée de la broche par le fluide admis sous pression à l'intérieur de la chambre en provenance du canal C.It is of course understood that the thrust capacity of the elastic deformation means against the spindle is chosen to be smaller than the capacity of the spindle to be displaced by the operating means, and more specifically to the thrust capacity of the spindle. pin by the fluid admitted under pressure inside the chamber from the channel C.

Il est aussi compris à ce stade de la description que l'acheminement du fluide vers la broche est potentiellement réalisé à partir d'un quelconque point de prélèvement du fluide depuis l'un quelconque des conduits A et des conduits B pour l'acheminer vers la chambre.It is also understood at this stage of the description that the flow of fluid to the spindle is potentially made from any fluid sampling point from any of the conduits A and ducts B to convey it to the spindle. bedroom.

Cependant, le canal C est de préférence en communication fluidique avec le conduit A d'admission pour optimiser l'effort de poussée exercé sur la broche par le fluide acheminé sous pression depuis la source de fluide.However, the channel C is preferably in fluid communication with the intake duct A to optimize the thrust force exerted on the spindle by the fluid conveyed under pressure from the fluid source.

Selon une forme avantageuse de réalisation, le distributeur hydraulique comporte des moyens de mise en communication fluidique entre eux de l'ensemble des conduits A et des conduits B en position de dégagement de la broche.According to an advantageous embodiment, the hydraulic distributor comprises means for placing in fluid communication with each other all of the ducts A and ducts B in the position of disengagement of the spindle.

La mise en communication fluidique entre les conduits A et les conduits B place la chambre spontanément et hors toute autre intervention extérieure à une pression de fluide correspondante à la pression du fluide évacuée hors du distributeur hydraulique à travers le conduit d'évacuation.Fluidic communication between the ducts A and the ducts B places the chamber spontaneously and without any other external intervention to a fluid pressure corresponding to the pressure of the fluid discharged from the hydraulic distributor through the exhaust duct.

Dans le cadre d'une intégration du distributeur à ladite servocommande pour réguler la circulation du fluide dans un corps de vérin du vérin hydraulique, le fluide circulant dans ce corps de vérin est à une pression identique en tête et en fond de vérin. Une telle pression correspond à la pression du fluide évacué hors du distributeur hydraulique vers une source de fluide mise à une pression inférieure à la pression du fluide admis vers le distributeur hydraulique depuis la source de fluide, tel que notamment par mise à l'air ambiant du conduit A d'évacuation à la source de fluide, voire par évacuation du fluide vers la source de fluide à une pression significativement inférieure à la pression du fluide acheminé depuis la source de fluide vers le distributeur hydraulique.In the context of an integration of the distributor to said servocontrol to regulate the flow of fluid in a cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder, the fluid flowing in the cylinder body is at an identical pressure at the head and bottom of the cylinder. Such a pressure corresponds to the pressure of the fluid discharged from the hydraulic distributor to a fluid source placed at a pressure lower than the pressure of the fluid admitted to the hydraulic distributor from the fluid source, such as in particular by venting ambient air from the evacuation conduit A to the fluid source, or even by evacuation of the fluid towards the source of fluid at a pressure significantly less than the pressure of fluid flowing from the fluid source to the hydraulic distributor.

Selon une forme particulière de réalisation, le corps de distributeur comporte des deuxièmes passages de fluide, dits canaux D. Lesdits canaux D sont des passages de fluide respectivement pour un premier canal D entre la chambre et le conduit A d'admission, pour un deuxième canal D entre la chambre et le conduit A d'évacuation, pour un troisième canal D entre la chambre et l'un quelconque des conduits B et pour un quatrième canal D entre la chambre et l'autre canal B. Les débouchés sur la chambre des canaux D sont conjointement obturés par le piston en position d'engagement de la broche et sont dégagés du piston en position de dégagement de la broche.According to a particular embodiment, the distributor body comprises second fluid passages, called channels D. Said channels D are fluid passages respectively for a first channel D between the chamber and the intake duct A, for a second channel D between the chamber and the exhaust duct A, for a third channel D between the chamber and any of the ducts B and for a fourth duct D between the chamber and the other channel B. The outlets on the chamber D-channels are closed together by the piston in the position of engagement of the spindle and are disengaged from the piston in the position of release of the spindle.

Le dégagement des débouchés sur la chambre des canaux D est potentiellement réalisé conjointement ou progressivement de l'un à l'autre desdits conduits, considérés individuellement ou considérés deux à deux par groupe de conduits respectivement formés par les conduits A et les conduits B.The clearance of the outlets on the channel chamber D is potentially carried out jointly or progressively from one to the other of said conduits, considered individually or considered in pairs by group of conduits respectively formed by the ducts A and the ducts B.

Par exemple selon une forme de réalisation, les canaux D débouchent sur la chambre dans un même plan radial considéré par rapport à la direction axiale de déplacement de la broche à l'intérieur de la chambre. Ces dispositions sont telles que la mise en communication fluidique entre eux des conduits A et des conduits B est effectuée simultanément.For example according to one embodiment, the channels D open on the chamber in the same radial plane considered with respect to the axial direction of movement of the pin inside the chamber. These arrangements are such that the fluidic communication between them of the ducts A and ducts B is carried out simultaneously.

Par exemple encore et selon une autre forme de réalisation, les canaux D débouchent sur la chambre dans différents plans radiaux par rapport la direction axiale de déplacement de la broche à l'intérieur de la chambre. Ces dispositions sont telles que la mise en communication fluidique entre eux des conduits A et des conduits B est effectuée progressivement selon la position axiale de la broche au fur et à mesure de son déplacement vers la position de dégagement.For example still and according to another embodiment, the channels D open on the chamber in different radial planes with respect to the axial direction of movement of the pin inside the chamber. These arrangements are such that the fluidic communication between them ducts A and ducts B is carried out progressively according to the axial position of the spindle as it moves to the release position.

La chambre est de préférence en communication fluidique avec le conduit A d'évacuation par l'intermédiaire d'un troisième passage de fluide, dit canal E, qui débouche dans une quelconque position de la broche en amont du piston dans le sens de déplacement de la broche depuis la position d'engagement vers la position de dégagement. La chambre est alimentée en permanence en fluide depuis le conduit A d'évacuation en position d'engagement de la broche. Ces dispositions permettent d'éviter une variation excessive de la pression régnant à l'intérieur de la chambre lors de l'admission du fluide dans la chambre en provenance du conduit A d'admission.The chamber is preferably in fluid communication with the evacuation conduit A via a third fluid passage, called channel E, which opens into any position of the spindle upstream of the piston in the direction of movement of the the pin from the engagement position to the release position. The chamber is continuously supplied with fluid from the evacuation conduit A in the position of engagement of the spindle. These provisions make it possible to avoid excessive variation of the pressure prevailing inside the chamber during the admission of the fluid into the chamber from the intake duct A.

Dans le cadre d'une intégration du distributeur à ladite servocommande pour réguler la circulation du fluide dans un corps de vérin d'un vérin hydraulique que comprend ladite servocommande, le fluide admis dans la chambre en position d'engagement de la broche est à une pression correspondante à la pression du fluide évacué hors du distributeur hydraulique vers une source de fluide mise à l'air ambiant ou tout au moins placée à une pression inférieure à la pression du fluide admis vers le distributeur hydraulique depuis la source de fluide.In the context of an integration of the distributor to said servocontrol for regulating the flow of fluid in a cylinder body of a hydraulic cylinder that includes said servocontrol, the fluid admitted into the chamber in the position of engagement of the spindle is at a pressure corresponding to the pressure of the fluid discharged from the hydraulic distributor to a fluid source placed in ambient air or at least placed at a pressure lower than the pressure of the fluid admitted to the hydraulic distributor from the fluid source.

Il en ressort que la pression du fluide à l'intérieur de la chambre en position d'engagement de la broche ne saurait interdire la poussée exercée contre la broche par le fluide admis dans la chambre depuis le conduit d'admission.It follows that the pressure of the fluid inside the chamber in the spindle engagement position can not prohibit the thrust exerted against the spindle by the fluid admitted into the chamber from the intake duct.

On relèvera par ailleurs que ladite alimentation permanente en fluide de la chambre en position d'engagement de la broche fournie une lubrification à l'intérieur de la chambre favorable au déplacement du piston, ce qui permet d'éviter un grippage de la broche à l'intérieur de la chambre.It will further be noted that said permanent supply of fluid to the chamber in the spindle engagement position provides lubrication inside the chamber favorable to the displacement of the piston, which makes it possible to prevent seizing of the spindle at the spindle. inside the room.

Le canal E comporte de préférence une restriction de section, pour autoriser une éventuelle échappée du fluide admis inopinément à l'intérieur de la chambre en cas d'une faible fuite de fluide entre la tête et la cavité formant le débouché du canal C.The channel E preferably comprises a section restriction, to allow a possible escape of the fluid unexpectedly admitted inside the chamber in the event of a small leakage of fluid between the head and the cavity forming the outlet of the channel C.

Le distributeur hydraulique comporte de préférence des moyens de maintien de la broche en position de dégagement indépendamment d'une rupture de la mise en oeuvre des moyens de manoeuvre. De telles dispositions sont particulièrement utiles dans le cas où il est souhaité de placer la chambre à une pression équivalente à la pression du fluide évacué vers la source de fluide.The hydraulic distributor preferably comprises means for holding the spindle in the release position independently of a break in the implementation of the operating means. Such arrangements are particularly useful in the case where it is desired to place the chamber at a pressure equivalent to the pressure of the fluid discharged to the fluid source.

Plus particulièrement, les moyens de maintien dispensent d'avoir à conserver un maintien actif les moyens de manoeuvre pour maintenir la broche en position de dégagement. La broche étant déplacée par les moyens de manoeuvre depuis la position d'engagement vers la position de dégagement, les moyens de maintien sont mis en oeuvre, de préférence spontanément, pour interdire en eux-mêmes un passage inopiné de la broche depuis la position de dégagement vers la position d'engagement.More particularly, the holding means dispense with having to maintain an active hold the operating means for holding the pin in the release position. The spindle being moved by the actuating means from the engagement position to the release position, the holding means are implemented, preferably spontaneously, to prevent in themselves an unexpected passage of the spindle from the position of clearance to the engagement position.

De telles dispositions sont particulièrement utiles dans le cas souhaité où les conduits A et les conduits B sont mis en communication fluidique en position de dégagement de la broche, et en conséquence dans le cas préféré où la chambre est placée à la pression du fluide régnant dans le conduit d'évacuation. En effet, la mise en communication fluidique des conduits A et des conduits B provoquant une chute de pression à l'intérieur de la chambre, il est préféré de conforter le maintien de la broche en position de dégagement par des moyens de maintien spécifiques.Such arrangements are particularly useful in the desired case where the ducts A and the ducts B are in fluid communication in the spindle release position, and consequently in the preferred case where the chamber is placed at the pressure of the fluid prevailing in the room. the exhaust duct. Indeed, the setting in fluid communication of the ducts A and ducts B causing a pressure drop inside the chamber, it is preferred to reinforce the maintenance of the pin in the disengaged position by specific holding means.

Selon une forme avantageuse de réalisation permettant de simplifier la structure du distributeur, les moyens de maintien sont formés par lesdits moyens à déformation élastique agencés en un ressort à au moins une lamelle.According to an advantageous embodiment for simplifying the structure of the dispenser, the holding means are formed by said elastic deformation means arranged in a spring to at least one lamella.

Ledit ressort à lamelle(s) est fixé au corps de distributeur et est en prise axiale bidirectionnelle sur la broche. La notion de bidirectionnelle est à considérer suivant les deux sens de mobilité axiale de la broche. Le ressort à lamelle(s) exerce une poussée axiale contre la broche en position d'engagement et une traction axiale sur la broche en position de dégagement en conséquence de sa déformation provoquée par le passage de la broche en position de dégagement.The leaf spring (s) is attached to the dispenser body and bi-directional axial engagement on the spindle. The notion of bidirectional is to be considered according to the two directions of axial mobility of the spindle. The leaf spring (s) exerts an axial thrust against the pin in the engagement position and axial traction on the pin in the release position as a result of its deformation caused by the passage of the pin in the disengaged position.

Selon une autre forme de réalisation des moyens de maintien, ceux-ci sont du type à emboîtement élastique et comprennent une agrafe élastiquement déformable coopérant avec un logement. L'agrafe et le logement sont respectivement ménagés indifféremment sur le corps de distributeur et sur la broche.According to another embodiment of the holding means, these are of the elastic interlocking type and comprise an elastically deformable clip cooperating with a housing. The clip and the housing are respectively arranged indifferently on the distributor body and on the spindle.

Il est évidemment compris que l'agrafe et le logement sont respectivement ménagés sur le corps de distributeur et sur la broche, sans préjuger de l'affectation faite de l'agrafe et du logement au corps de distributeur ou à la broche.It is of course understood that the staple and the housing are respectively provided on the distributor body and on the spindle, without prejudging the assignment of the staple and the housing to the distributor body or the spindle.

Selon une forme de réalisation, le distributeur hydraulique est du type à tiroir. Dans ce cas l'organe de distribution principal et l'organe de distribution de secours sont montés mobiles en translation à l'intérieur du corps de distributeur.According to one embodiment, the hydraulic distributor is of the drawer type. In this case the main distribution member and the emergency distribution member are movably mounted in translation inside the distributor body.

Selon une autre forme de réalisation, le distributeur hydraulique est du type rotatif. Dans ce cas l'organe de distribution principal et l'organe de distribution de secours sont montés mobiles en débattement angulaire à l'intérieur du corps de distributeur.According to another embodiment, the hydraulic distributor is of the rotary type. In this case, the main distribution member and the emergency distribution member are movably mounted in angular displacement inside the distributor body.

La surface de portée de la tête de la broche à l'intérieur de la cavité est indifféremment une surface à portée sphérique ou une surface à portée conique.The bearing surface of the spindle head within the cavity is indifferently a spherical surface or a conical bearing surface.

Plus particulièrement, la surface de portée de la tête de la broche est potentiellement de conformation quelconque, dès lors que ladite quelconque conformation favorise le passage par glissement de la broche depuis la position d'engagement vers la position intermédiaire dans laquelle la tête est partiellement dégagée hors de la cavité sous l'effet du déplacement relatif entre l'organe de distribution de secours et l'organe de distribution principal.More particularly, the bearing surface of the spindle head is potentially of any conformation, since said any conformation favors the sliding passage of the spindle from the engagement position to the intermediate position in which the head is partially disengaged. out of the cavity under the effect of the relative movement between the emergency distribution member and the main distribution member.

Selon une forme particulière de réalisation, la mise en oeuvre des moyens de manoeuvre est placée sous la dépendance de moyens de détection d'un déplacement relatif entre l'organe de distribution principal et l'organe de distribution de secours. De tels moyens de détection sont par exemple décrits par le document FR2916492 .According to a particular embodiment, the implementation of the operating means is placed under the control of means for detecting a relative displacement between the main distribution member and the emergency distribution member. Such detection means are for example described by the document FR2916492 .

Dans le cadre d'une intégration du distributeur à ladite servocommande pour réguler la circulation du fluide dans un corps de vérin d'un vérin hydraulique que comprend la servocommande, le distributeur hydraulique est potentiellement équipé de tels moyens de détection générateurs d'un signal d'alarme. De tels moyens de détection peuvent être avantageusement mis à profit pour générer un ordre de commande de la mise en oeuvre des moyens de manoeuvre.As part of an integration of the distributor to said servocontrol to regulate the flow of fluid in a cylinder body of a hydraulic cylinder that includes the servocontrol, the hydraulic distributor is potentially equipped with such detection means generating a signal d 'alarm. Such detection means can be advantageously used to generate a control command of the implementation of the operating means.

De telles dispositions permettent notamment de choisir les moyens de manoeuvre parmi des moyens de manoeuvre de types divers. Plus particulièrement, les moyens de manoeuvre peuvent être par exemple du type électromagnétique, mécanique, pneumatique ou chimique.Such provisions make it possible in particular to choose the operating means among maneuvering means of various types. More particularly, the actuating means may be for example of the electromagnetic, mechanical, pneumatic or chemical type.

La présente invention a aussi pour objet une servocommande de manoeuvre des pales d'un rotor de giravion. Ladite servocommande comprend au moins un vérin hydraulique à au moins un corps de vérin double-effet et au moins un distributeur hydraulique de la présente invention tel qu'il vient d'être décrit.The present invention also relates to a servocontrol for maneuvering the blades of a rotorcraft rotor. Said servo control comprises at least one hydraulic cylinder with at least one double-acting cylinder body and at least one hydraulic distributor of the present invention as just described.

Selon une forme spécifique de réalisation, la servocommande comprend au moins un vérin hydraulique à plusieurs corps de vérin double-effet, chacun des corps de vérin étant alimenté en fluide par un distributeur hydraulique qui lui est affecté.According to a specific embodiment, the servocontrol comprises at least one hydraulic cylinder with several double-acting cylinder bodies, each of the cylinder body being supplied with fluid by a hydraulic distributor assigned to it.

Selon un exemple de réalisation d'une servocommande de la présente invention comprenant au moins un vérin hydraulique à double corps de vérin double-effet, chacun des corps de vérin est en communication fluidique avec un distributeur hydraulique qui lui est affecté. Les conduits B de chacun des distributeurs hydrauliques sont en communication fluidique avec un corps de vérin respectif.According to an exemplary embodiment of a servocontrol of the present invention comprising at least one double-acting cylinder double-jack hydraulic cylinder, each of the cylinder body is in fluid communication with a hydraulic distributor assigned to it. The conduits B of each of the hydraulic distributors are in fluid communication with a respective cylinder body.

L'un quelconque des conduits B d'un premier distributeur hydraulique est en communication fluidique avec un premier passage de tête d'un premier corps de vérin. L'autre des conduits B du premier distributeur hydraulique est en communication fluidique avec un premier passage de fond du premier corps de vérin.Any of the ducts B of a first hydraulic distributor is in fluid communication with a first head passage of a first cylinder body. The other of the ducts B of the first hydraulic distributor is in fluid communication with a first bottom passage of the first cylinder body.

L'un quelconque des conduits B d'un deuxième distributeur hydraulique est en communication fluidique avec un deuxième passage de tête d'un deuxième corps de vérin. L'autre des conduits B du deuxième distributeur est en communication fluidique avec un deuxième passage de fond du deuxième corps de vérin.Any of the conduits B of a second hydraulic distributor is in fluid communication with a second head passage of a second cylinder body. The other of the conduits B of the second distributor is in fluid communication with a second bottom passage of the second cylinder body.

Les organes de distribution principaux de chacun des distributeurs hydraulique sont conjointement en prise sur un organe de manoeuvre commun dont la mise en oeuvre régule la distribution du fluide à travers l'un et l'autre des deux distributeurs hydrauliques.The main distribution members of each of the hydraulic distributors are jointly engaged on a common actuator whose implementation regulates the distribution of the fluid through one and the other of the two hydraulic distributors.

En position d'engagement des broches de chacun des distributeurs hydrauliques, le premier corps de vérin et le deuxième corps de vérin sont alimentés en fluide en concordance par les distributeurs hydrauliques qui leurs sont respectivement affectés. Les distributeurs hydrauliques régulent la circulation du fluide à l'intérieur des corps de vérin selon la manoeuvre conjointe des organes de distribution principaux par l'organe de manoeuvre commun. Les distributeurs hydrauliques provoquent un déplacement relatif entre les corps de vérin et au moins une tige qu'ils logent indifféremment conjointement ou individuellement, respectivement selon le sens de circulation du fluide distribué par les distributeurs hydrauliques à l'intérieur des corps de vérin.In the position of engagement of the pins of each of the hydraulic distributors, the first cylinder body and the second cylinder body are supplied with fluid in concordance by the respective hydraulic distributors assigned to them. The hydraulic distributors regulate the circulation of the fluid inside the cylinder bodies according to the joint operation of the main distribution by the common maneuvering device. The hydraulic distributors cause a relative displacement between the cylinder bodies and at least one rod that they accommodate either jointly or individually, respectively in the direction of circulation of the fluid distributed by the hydraulic distributors inside the cylinder bodies.

Il est compris que tel que mentionné plus loin, qu'une même tige peut être logée conjointement par les corps de vérin dans le cas d'un montage des corps de vérin en tandem ou que des tiges en pluralité peuvent être logées dans des corps de vérin respectifs dans le cas d'un montage des corps de vérin en parallèle.It is understood that as mentioned below, that the same rod can be housed jointly by the cylinder bodies in the case of a mounting of the tandem jack bodies or that the plurality of rods can be housed in the bodies of respective cylinder in the case of mounting the cylinder bodies in parallel.

Un grippage de l'un quelconque des organes principaux des distributeurs hydrauliques provoque un déplacement de la broche du distributeur hydraulique dont l'organe de distribution principal est grippé. Le déplacement de la broche libère totalement en mobilité l'organe de distribution de secours en autorisant de préférence une circulation du fluide entre les conduits A et les conduits B.Seizure of any of the main organs of the hydraulic distributors causes a displacement of the spindle of the hydraulic distributor whose main distribution member is seized. The displacement of the spindle completely releases the emergency distribution member by allowing preferably a flow of fluid between the ducts A and the ducts B.

Un grippage de l'un quelconque des organes principaux des distributeurs hydrauliques provoque une inhibition de la distribution sélective en fluide vers le corps de vérin par un distributeur hydraulique dont l'organe de distribution principal est grippé. Ladite inhibition ne fait pas obstacle au libre déplacement de l'organe de distribution de secours à l'intérieur du corps de distributeur, et en conséquence ne fait pas obstacle au déplacement de l'organe de distribution principal par l'organe de manoeuvre.Seizure of any of the main bodies of the hydraulic distributors causes an inhibition of the selective distribution of fluid to the cylinder body by a hydraulic distributor whose main distribution member is seized. Said inhibition does not hinder the free movement of the emergency distribution member inside the distributor body, and therefore does not prevent the movement of the main distribution member by the operating member.

Un grippage de l'organe de distribution principal d'un premier distributeur hydraulique ne fait pas obstacle à la libre manoeuvre de l'organe principal du deuxième distributeur hydraulique par l'organe de manoeuvre, et ne fait pas obstacle à une libre mobilité relative entre la ou les tiges et les corps de vérin.Seizing of the main distribution member of a first hydraulic distributor does not prevent the free operation of the main body of the second hydraulic distributor by the operating member, and does not prevent relative free mobility between the rod or rods and the cylinder bodies.

Le déplacement relatif entre la ou les tiges et les corps de vérin est maintenu régulé par l'autre distributeur hydraulique fournissant une distribution sélective du fluide à l'intérieur du corps de vérin qui lui est affecté.The relative displacement between the rod (s) and the cylinder bodies is maintained regulated by the other hydraulic distributor providing a selective distribution of the fluid inside the jack body which is assigned to it.

Selon une forme de réalisation, les corps de vérin sont montés en tandem en logeant conjointement une tige commune.According to one embodiment, the cylinder bodies are mounted in tandem by jointly housing a common rod.

Selon une autre forme de réalisation, les corps de vérin sont montés en parallèle, les corps de vérin logeant des tiges respectives mécaniquement liées entre elles.According to another embodiment, the cylinder bodies are mounted in parallel, the cylinder bodies housing respective rods mechanically interconnected.

Des exemples de réalisation de la présente invention vont être décrits en relation avec les figures des planches annexées, dans lesquelles :

  • la fig.1 est une illustration d'une servocommande de manoeuvre des pales d'un rotor de giravion intégrant un distributeur hydraulique conforme à la présente invention.
  • les fig.2 à fig.4 sont des illustrations de formes respectives de réalisation d'une servocommande intégrant au moins un distributeur hydraulique conforme à la présente invention.
  • les fig.5 à fig.8 sont des schémas illustrant successivement des modalités de fonctionnement d'un distributeur hydraulique que comprennent les diverses servocommandes représentées sur les fig.2 à fig.4.
  • les fig.9 et fig.10 sont des variantes respectives de réalisation d'un distributeur hydraulique conforme à la présente invention.
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in connection with the figures of the attached plates, in which:
  • the fig.1 is an illustration of a servo control for maneuvering the blades of a rotorcraft rotor incorporating a hydraulic distributor according to the present invention.
  • the fig.2 to fig.4 are illustrations of respective embodiments of a servocontrol integrating at least one hydraulic distributor according to the present invention.
  • the fig.5 to fig.8 are diagrams illustrating successively operating modes of a hydraulic distributor that include the various servo-drives represented on the fig.2 to fig.4 .
  • the fig.9 and fig.10 are respective embodiments of a hydraulic distributor according to the present invention.

Sur les fig.1 à fig.4, une servocommande est agencée pour manoeuvrer les pales 1 d'un rotor principal à axe sensiblement vertical d'un giravion.On the fig.1 to fig.4 a servocontrol is arranged to maneuver the blades 1 of a main rotor with a substantially vertical axis of a rotorcraft.

La servocommande associe classiquement au moins un vérin hydraulique 2 dont la mise en oeuvre est régulée par au moins un distributeur hydraulique 3,3' comportant un corps de distributeur 4 logeant un organe de distribution principal 5 et un organe de distribution de secours 6.The servocontrol conventionally combines at least one hydraulic cylinder 2 whose implementation is regulated by at least one hydraulic distributor 3,3 'comprising a distributor body 4 housing a main distribution member 5 and an emergency distribution member 6.

Le vérin hydraulique 2 comporte au moins un corps de vérin 7,8 logeant une tige 9 en mobilité axiale suivant la direction générale d'extension du corps de vérin 7,8. Le ou les corps de vérin 7,8 sont à double effet et comportent à cet effet un passage de tête 10 et un passage de fond 11 pour autoriser une circulation d'un fluide à l'intérieur du ou des corps de vérin 7,8.The hydraulic cylinder 2 comprises at least one cylinder body 7,8 housing a rod 9 in axial mobility in the general direction of extension of the cylinder body 7,8. The cylinder body or bodies 7,8 are double-acting and comprise for this purpose a head passage 10 and a bottom passage 11 to allow a circulation of a fluid inside the cylinder body or bodies 7,8 .

Le fluide est acheminé sous pression vers le ou les corps de vérin 7,8 et est potentiellement admis dans le ou les corps de vérin 7,8 indifféremment à travers le passage de tête 10 ou à travers le passage de fond 11. Inversement, le fluide est évacué hors du ou des corps de vérin 7,8 à travers le passage de fond 11 ou à travers le passage de tête 10.The fluid is conveyed under pressure to the cylinder body (s) 7,8 and is potentially admitted into the cylinder body (s) 7,8, either through the head passage 10 or through the bottom passage 11. Conversely, the fluid is discharged out of the cylinder body (s) 7,8 through the bottom passage 11 or through the head passage 10.

La circulation du fluide à l'intérieur du ou des corps de vérin 7,8 provoque une mobilité relative entre le ou les corps de vérin 7,8 et la tige 9 qui est montée coulissante à l'intérieur d'au moins un corps de vérin 7,8 suivant deux directions opposées de mobilité. La mobilité relative entre le ou les corps de vérin 7,8 et la tige 9 est exploitée pour manoeuvrer les pales 1.The circulation of the fluid inside the cylinder body or bodies 7,8 causes a relative mobility between the cylinder body or bodies 7,8 and the rod 9 which is slidably mounted inside at least one body of cylinder 7.8 following two opposite directions of mobility. The relative mobility between the cylinder body or bodies 7,8 and the rod 9 is used to operate the blades 1.

A cet effet, le ou les corps de vérin 7,8 et la ou les tiges 9 du ou des vérins hydrauliques 2 sont chacun munis d'un organe d'attache 12,13 pour leur mise en prises respectives sur un châssis du giravion et/ou sur un organe de manoeuvre 14 des pales 1.For this purpose, the cylinder body (s) 7, 8 and the rod (s) 9 of the hydraulic jack (s) 2 are each provided with an attachment member 12, 13 for their respective engagement on a chassis of the rotorcraft and or on an actuator 14 of the blades 1.

Sur les fig.1 à fig.3, la tige 9 est équipée d'un organe d'attache 13 au châssis du giravion et le corps de vérin 7 est équipé d'un organe d'attache 12 à l'organe de manoeuvre 14 des pales 1.On the fig.1 to fig.3 , the rod 9 is equipped with an attachment member 13 to the rotorcraft frame and the cylinder body 7 is equipped with an attachment member 12 to the actuating member 14 of the blades 1.

Sur la fig.4, des tiges 9 coopérant avec des corps de vérin 7,8 respectifs sont conjointement équipées d'un organe commun d'attache 13 à l'organe de manoeuvre 14 des pales 1. Les corps de vérins 7,8 sont quant à eux chacun équipés d'un organe d'attache 12 au châssis du giravion.On the fig.4 , rods 9 cooperating with respective cylinder bodies 7,8 are jointly equipped with a common fastening member 13 to the actuating member 14 of the blades 1. The cylinder bodies 7.8 are each equipped with a fastener 12 to the frame of the rotorcraft.

Par ailleurs sur les fig.1 et fig.2, la servocommande comprend un vérin hydraulique 2 comportant un corps de vérin 7 unique. Sur la fig.3, la servocommande comprend un vérin hydraulique 2 comportant deux corps de vérin 7,8 montés en tandem et logeant une tige 9 commune. Sur la fig.4, la servocommande comprend un vérin hydraulique 2 comportant deux corps de vérin 7,8 placés en parallèle, dont les tiges 9 respectives sont conjointement manoeuvrées en étant liées l'une à l'autre au moyen de l'organe commun d'attache 12 dont elles sont équipées.Moreover, fig.1 and fig.2 , the servo control comprises a hydraulic cylinder 2 comprising a single cylinder body 7. On the fig.3 , the servocontrol comprises a hydraulic cylinder 2 comprising two actuator bodies 7,8 mounted in tandem and housing a common rod 9. On the fig.4 the servocontrol comprises a hydraulic cylinder 2 comprising two cylinder bodies 7, 8 placed in parallel, the respective rods 9 of which are jointly operated by being connected to each other by means of the common fastening member 12 of which they are equipped.

D'une manière générale sur les fig.1 à fig.4, la régulation de la circulation du fluide à travers au moins un corps de vérin 7,8 est placée sous la dépendance d'un distributeur hydraulique 3,3' qui lui est affecté.Generally speaking, fig.1 to fig.4 , the regulation of the flow of fluid through at least one cylinder body 7.8 is placed under the control of a hydraulic distributor 3,3 'assigned to it.

La commande du fonctionnement d'au moins un distributeur hydraulique 3,3' est placée sous la dépendance d'un organe de commande 15 manoeuvrable par un pilote du giravion, indifféremment pilote humain ou pilote automatique. L'organe de commande 15 est en prise sur l'organe de distribution principal 5 d'au moins un distributeur hydraulique 3,3' pour réguler la circulation du fluide entre ledit au moins un corps de vérin 7,8 et une source de fluide 16.The control of the operation of at least one hydraulic distributor 3,3 'is placed under the control of a control member 15 operable by a pilot of the rotorcraft, indifferently pilot human or autopilot. The control member 15 is engaged on the main distribution member 5 of at least one hydraulic distributor 3,3 'to regulate the flow of fluid between the at least one cylinder body 7,8 and a source of fluid 16.

Le corps de distributeur 4 d'un distributeur hydraulique 3,3' de l'invention comporte des conduits A 17,17' dédiés à la jonction hydraulique entre le distributeur hydraulique 3,3' et la source de fluide 16. Une conduite, dite conduite A aller 18, achemine par l'intermédiaire d'une pompe 16' le fluide sous pression depuis la source de fluide 16 vers un conduit A d'admission 17 du distributeur hydraulique 3,3'. Une autre conduite, dite conduite A retour 18', achemine le fluide sous pression depuis des conduits A d'évacuation 17' du distributeur hydraulique 3,3' vers la source de fluide 16.The distributor body 4 of a hydraulic distributor 3,3 'of the invention comprises ducts A 17,17' dedicated to the hydraulic junction between the hydraulic distributor 3,3 'and the source of fluid 16. A pipe, called A flow 18, conveys through a pump 16 'the pressurized fluid from the fluid source 16 to an inlet duct 17 of the distributor hydraulic 3,3 '. Another pipe, called return line 18 ', conveys the pressurized fluid from the exhaust ducts 17' of the hydraulic distributor 3, 3 'to the source of fluid 16.

Le corps de distributeur 4 d'un distributeur hydraulique 3,3' de l'invention comporte aussi des conduits B 19,19' dédiés à une jonction hydraulique entre le distributeur hydraulique 3,3' et un corps de vérin 7,8 auquel il est affecté. Les conduits B sont en communication hydraulique par l'intermédiaire de conduites 20,20', dites conduites B, respectivement avec le passage de tête 10 et le passage de fond 11 du corps de vérin 7,8 auquel le distributeur hydraulique 3,3' est affecté.The distributor body 4 of a hydraulic distributor 3,3 'of the invention also comprises ducts B 19,19' dedicated to a hydraulic junction between the hydraulic distributor 3,3 'and a cylinder body 7,8 to which it is affected. The conduits B are in hydraulic communication via lines 20, 20 ', called lines B, respectively with the head passage 10 and the bottom passage 11 of the cylinder body 7, 8 to which the hydraulic distributor 3, 3' is affected.

Il est subsidiairement repéré une première conduite B, dite conduite B de tête 20 et une deuxième conduite B, dite conduite B de fond 20', la conduites B de tête 20 et ladite conduite B de fond 20' étant en communication fluidique respectivement avec le passage de tête 10 et le passage de fond 11 du corps de vérin 7,8 auquel les conduites B sont affectées.It is alternatively marked a first pipe B, said pipe B head 20 and a second pipe B, said bottom pipe B '20', the leading pipe B and said bottom pipe B 'being in fluid communication respectively with the head passage 10 and the bottom passage 11 of the cylinder body 7,8 to which the lines B are affected.

L'organe de distribution principal 5 d'un distributeur hydraulique 3,3' est monté coulissant à l'intérieur de l'organe de distribution de secours 6, lui-même monté coulissant dans le corps de distributeur 4.The main distribution member 5 of a hydraulic distributor 3,3 'is slidably mounted inside the emergency distribution member 6, itself slidably mounted in the distributor body 4.

En cas de grippage de l'organe de distribution principal 5 à l'intérieur de l'organe de distribution de secours 6, l'organe de distribution principal 5 entraîne par friction l'organe de distribution de secours 6 qui coulisse à l'intérieur du corps de distributeur 4 pour maintenir en fonctionnement le distributeur hydraulique 3,3'.In case of jamming of the main distribution member 5 inside the emergency distribution member 6, the main distribution member 5 frictionally drives the emergency distribution member 6 which slides inside. of the distributor body 4 to keep the hydraulic distributor 3,3 'in operation.

L'organe de distribution principal 5 comporte des premiers canaux 21,21' dits canaux A, dédiés à une circulation du fluide à travers le distributeur hydraulique 3,3' entre les conduits A 17,17' et les conduits B 19,19'.The main distribution member 5 comprises first channels 21,21 'called channels A, dedicated to a circulation of the fluid through the hydraulic distributor 3,3' between the ducts A 17,17 'and the ducts B 19,19' .

Sur l'exemple de réalisation illustré, les canaux A 21,21' sont formés par des enceintes respectives débouchant en périphérie de l'organe de distribution principal 5 vers l'évidement de l'organe de distribution de secours 6 logeant l'organe de distribution principal 5.In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the channels A 21, 21 'are formed by respective enclosures opening at the periphery of the main distribution member 5 towards the recess of the emergency distribution member 6 housing the actuator member. main distribution 5.

Par ailleurs, l'organe de distribution de secours 6 comporte des deuxièmes canaux 22-22d (22,22a,22b,22c,22d) dits canaux B. Les canaux B 22-22d sont dédiés à une circulation du fluide entre les conduits A 17,17' et les conduits B 19,19' par l'intermédiaire des canaux A 21,21'. La circulation du fluide entre les conduits A 17,17' et les conduits B 19,19' est sélectivement obtenue selon diverses positions respectives de l'organe de distribution principal 5 manoeuvré par l'organe de commande 15.Furthermore, the emergency distribution member 6 comprises second channels 22-22d (22,22a, 22b, 22c, 22d) called channels B. The channels B 22-22d are dedicated to a circulation of the fluid between the ducts A 17,17 'and the ducts B 19,19' via the channels A 21,21 '. The circulation of the fluid between the ducts A 17, 17 'and the ducts B 19, 19' is selectively obtained according to various respective positions of the main distribution member 5 operated by the control member 15.

Hors cas de grippage de l'organe de distribution principal 5, l'organe de distribution de secours 6 est maintenu en une position prédéfinie à l'intérieur du corps de distributeur 4. A cet effet, l'organe de distribution de secours 6 est bloqué sur le corps de distributeur 4 par l'intermédiaire d'une broche 23. La broche 23 est axialement montée mobile à l'intérieur du corps de distributeur 4 et coopère par emboîtement en appui glissant avec une cavité 24 ménagée dans l'organe de distribution de secours 6.In the event of jamming of the main distribution member 5, the emergency distribution member 6 is held in a predefined position inside the distributor body 4. For this purpose, the emergency distribution member 6 is blocked on the distributor body 4 via a spindle 23. The spindle 23 is axially movably mounted inside the distributor body 4 and cooperates by slidingly fitting with a cavity 24 formed in the spool member. emergency distribution 6.

La mobilité axiale de la broche 23 est orientée transversalement, et plus spécifiquement orthogonalement, par rapport à l'axe de mobilité de l'organe de distribution de secours 6 de sorte que l'effort de blocage de l'organe de distribution de secours 6 sur le corps de distributeur 4 est optimisé.The axial mobility of the spindle 23 is oriented transversely, and more specifically orthogonally, with respect to the mobility axis of the emergency distribution member 6 so that the locking force of the emergency distribution member 6 on the distributor body 4 is optimized.

La broche 23 comporte plus particulièrement une tête 25 conformée en sphère ou conformation analogue procurant ledit emboîtement en appui glissant de la tête 25 à l'intérieur de la cavité 24. La broche 23 est maintenue en position d'engagement par mise en coopération étroite entre la tête 25 et la cavité 24 tel que représenté sur les fig.1 à fig.5.The spindle 23 more particularly comprises a spherical shaped head 25 or similar conformation providing said interlocking sliding support of the head 25 inside the cavity 24. The spindle 23 is held in the engaged position by placing in close cooperation between the head 25 and the cavity 24 as represented on the fig.1 to fig.5 .

La broche 23 est maintenue en position d'engagement sous l'effet d'une poussée exercée par des moyens à déformation élastique 26 prenant des appuis antagonistes contre le corps de distributeur 4 et contre la broche 23. Lesdits appuis antagonistes sont appliqués axialement suivant l'axe général d'extension et de mobilité de la broche 23 à l'intérieur du corps de distributeur 4.The spindle 23 is held in the engaged position under the effect of a thrust exerted by means of elastic deformation 26 taking antagonistic supports against the distributor body 4 and against the spindle 23. Said antagonistic supports are applied axially according to the invention. general axis of extension and mobility of the pin 23 inside the distributor body 4.

En cas de grippage de l'organe de distribution principal 5 à l'intérieur de l'organe de distribution de secours 6, l'entraînement de l'organe de distribution de secours 6 par l'organe de distribution principal 5 provoque un glissement de la tête 25 à l'intérieur de la cavité 24.In case of jamming of the main distribution member 5 inside the emergency distribution member 6, the driving of the emergency distribution member 6 by the main distribution member 5 causes a sliding of the head 25 inside the cavity 24.

Un tel glissement relatif entre la tête 25 et la cavité 24 est significatif d'un grippage de l'organe de distribution principal 5 à l'intérieur de l'organe de distributeur de secours 6 et est provoqué à un seuil d'effort prédéterminé de mobilité relative entre l'organe de distribution de secours 6 et le corps de distributeur 4.Such relative sliding between the head 25 and the cavity 24 is significant of a seizure of the main distribution member 5 inside the emergency distributor member 6 and is caused at a predetermined force threshold of relative mobility between the emergency distribution member 6 and the distributor body 4.

Ledit seuil d'effort est prédéterminé selon les efforts de friction entre l'organe de distribution de secours 6 et le corps de distributeur 4, selon l'effort de poussée exercée contre la broche 23 par les moyens à déformation élastique 26 et selon l'état de surface et la conformation de la surface d'appui glissant de la tête 25 contre la cavité 24, ladite surface d'appui étant préférentiellement à portée sphérique.Said force threshold is predetermined according to the frictional forces between the emergency distribution member 6 and the distributor body 4, according to the thrust force exerted against the pin 23 by the resilient deformation means 26 and according to the surface state and conformation of the sliding bearing surface of the head 25 against the cavity 24, said bearing surface being preferably spherical.

Dès lors qu'un mouvement de l'organe de distribution de secours 6 est provoqué, des moyens de manoeuvre 27 de la broche 23 sont mis en oeuvre. La broche 23 est déplacée à l'intérieur du corps de distributeur 4 depuis la position d'engagement vers une position de dégagement dans laquelle la broche 23 est totalement libérée d'une quelconque emprise par la cavité 24.As soon as a movement of the emergency distribution member 6 is caused, operating means 27 of the spindle 23 are implemented. The spindle 23 is moved inside the dispenser body 4 from the engagement position to a release position in which the spindle 23 is completely freed of any extent by the cavity 24.

Sur la fig.1 et la fig.10, la broche 23 est maintenue en position d'engagement à l'intérieur de la cavité 24 par des moyens à déformation élastique 26 formés d'un ressort de compression par exemple. Sur les fig.2 à fig.9, la broche 23 est maintenue en position d'engagement à l'intérieur de la cavité 24 par des moyens à déformation élastique 26 formés d'un ressort à lamelle(s).On the fig.1 and the fig.10 the pin 23 is held in the engagement position inside the cavity 24 by means of elastic deformation 26 formed of a compression spring for example. On the fig.2 to fig.9 the pin 23 is held in engagement position inside the cavity 24 by elastic deformation means 26 formed by a leaf spring (s).

Sur la fig.1, un mouvement de l'organe de distribution de secours 6 à l'intérieur du corps de distributeur 4 provoque un glissement relatif entre la tête 25 et la cavité 24 et est détecté par des moyens de détection 28 qui provoquent la mise en oeuvre des moyens de manoeuvre 27.On the fig.1 , a movement of the emergency distribution member 6 inside the distributor body 4 causes a relative sliding between the head 25 and the cavity 24 and is detected by detection means 28 which cause the implementation of the means maneuvering 27.

Les moyens de détection 28 sont par exemple des moyens de détection d'une amorce de mobilité relative entre l'organe de distribution de secours 6 et le corps de distributeur 4 sous l'effet du grippage de l'organe de distribution principal 5 entraînant par friction l'organe de distribution de secours 6. Les moyens de manoeuvre 27 sont potentiellement des moyens de type quelconque aptes à déplacer la broche 23, tels que du type mécanique, du type électromagnétique, du type pneumatique ou du type chimique.The detection means 28 are for example means for detecting a relative mobility primer between the emergency distribution member 6 and the distributor body 4 under the effect of seizing the main distribution member 5 driving by friction the emergency distribution member 6. The operating means 27 are potentially any type of means able to move the pin 23, such as mechanical type, electromagnetic type, pneumatic type or chemical type.

Sur les fig.2 à fig.10, il est avantageusement mis à profit la circulation du fluide sous pression à l'intérieur du distributeur pour former les moyens de manoeuvre 27. Plus particulièrement, la cavité 24 est formée du débouché d'un canal 29, dit canal C, formant un premier passage de fluide entre un quelconque conduit A 17, 17' ou conduit B 19,19' et une chambre 30 ménagée dans le corps de distributeur 4. La broche 23 est munie d'un piston 31 et ladite chambre 30 est une chambre de guidage en coulissement de la broche 23 vers la position de dégagement, le coulissement de la broche 23 étant provoqué sous l'effet de l'admission du fluide sous pression à l'intérieur de la chambre 30 par l'intermédiaire du canal C 29, de préférence via les canaux A 21, 21' afin de simplifier l'agencement structurel du distributeur hydraulique 3,3'.On the fig.2 to fig.10 it is advantageously put to use the circulation of the fluid under pressure inside the dispenser to form the operating means 27. More particularly, the cavity 24 is formed of the outlet of a channel 29, said channel C, forming a first fluid passage between any conduit A 17, 17 'or conduit B 19,19' and a chamber 30 formed in the distributor body 4. The pin 23 is provided with a piston 31 and said chamber 30 is a guide chamber sliding of the pin 23 to the release position, the sliding of the pin 23 being caused by the admission of the fluid under pressure inside the chamber 30 via the channel C 29, preferably via the channels A 21, 21 'to simplify the structural arrangement of the hydraulic distributor 3,3'.

Sur la fig.5 plus particulièrement, la broche 23 est maintenue en position d'engagement par les moyens à déformation élastique 26 formés par le ressort à lamelle(s) appliquant une poussée axiale contre la broche 23 en direction de l'organe de distribution de secours 6. La tête 25 est maintenue appliquée contre la cavité 24 en obturant le canal C 29. Hors cas de grippage de l'organe de distribution principal 5, l'organe de distribution de secours 6 est bloqué par la mise en coopération par brochage entre la tête 25 et la cavité 24.On the fig.5 more particularly, the spindle 23 is held in the engaged position by the elastically deformable means 26 formed by the leaf spring (s) applying an axial thrust against the spindle 23 in the direction of the emergency dispensing member 6. head 25 is maintained applied against the cavity 24 by closing the channel C 29. In case of seizure of the main distribution member 5, the emergency distribution member 6 is blocked by the cooperation by stitching between the head 25 and the cavity 24.

Sur la fig.6, en cas de grippage de l'organe de distribution principal 5, l'organe de distribution de secours 6 tend à être entraîné en coulissement à l'intérieur du corps de distributeur 4 par l'organe de distribution principal 5. Aussi faible soit l'amplitude d'un tel mouvement de l'organe de distribution de secours 6, ce mouvement provoque un glissement de la tête 25 à l'intérieur de la cavité 24 dans une position intermédiaire de la broche 23.On the fig.6 in case of jamming of the main distribution member 5, the emergency dispensing member 6 tends to be slidably driven within the valve body 4 by the main dispensing member 5. As low as 1 amplitude of such a movement of the emergency distribution member 6, this movement causes a sliding of the head 25 inside the cavity 24 in an intermediate position of the pin 23.

En position intermédiaire de la broche 23, la tête 25 est maintenue engagée à l'intérieur de la cavité 24 en étant partiellement libérée de l'emprise exercée par la cavité 24 sur la broche 23. La broche 23 étant engagée de manière glissante à l'intérieur de la cavité 24 par l'intermédiaire de la tête 25, l'organe de distribution de secours 6 est maintenu en position intermédiaire de la broche 23 partiellement immobilisé sur le corps de distributeur 4. Une telle immobilisation partielle est considérée comme flottante en raison du glissement relatif provoqué entre la cavité 24 et la tête 25.In the intermediate position of the spindle 23, the head 25 is held engaged inside the cavity 24 while being partially released from the grip exerted by the cavity 24 on the spindle 23. The spindle 23 is slidably engaged with the spindle 23. inside the cavity 24 via the head 25, the emergency distribution member 6 is held in the intermediate position of the pin 23 partially immobilized on the distributor body 4. Such partial immobilization is considered as floating in because of the relative sliding caused between the cavity 24 and the head 25.

En position intermédiaire de la broche 23, une admission de fluide hors du canal C 29 vers l'intérieur de la chambre 30 est autorisée. Le fluide admis à l'intérieur de la chambre 30 repousse la broche 23 en position de dégagement, dans laquelle position de dégagement la tête 25 est totalement placée hors de la cavité 24 tel que représenté sur la fig.7.In the intermediate position of the pin 23, a fluid inlet out of the channel C 29 inwardly of the chamber 30 is allowed. The fluid admitted inside the chamber 30 pushes the pin 23 in the release position, in which position of clearance the head 25 is completely placed out of the cavity 24 as shown on the fig.7 .

Sur les fig.7 et fig.8, le blocage de l'organe de distribution de secours 6 sur le corps de distributeur 4 est inhibé en raison du passage de la broche 23 en position de dégagement.On the fig.7 and fig.8 , the blocking of the emergency distribution member 6 on the distributor body 4 is inhibited due to the passage of the pin 23 in the release position.

En se reportant sur l'ensemble des fig.2 à fig.10, le corps de distributeur 4 comporte un passage de fluide, dit canal E 33, débouchant en amont du piston 31 dans le sens de déplacement de la broche 23 depuis la position d'engagement vers la position de dégagement. Le canal E 33 est un canal de liaison entre la chambre 30 et le conduit A d'évacuation 17', pour autoriser une éventuelle échappée de fluide en provenance du canal C 29 en position d'engagement de la broche 23 à l'intérieur de la cavité 24. Une telle éventuelle échappée de fluide peut être induite par une source de fuite inopportune entre la cavité 24 et la tête 25.Referring to all fig.2 to fig.10 , the distributor body 4 comprises a fluid passage, said channel E 33, opening upstream of the piston 31 in the direction of movement of the pin 23 from the engagement position to the disengagement position. The channel E 33 is a connecting channel between the chamber 30 and the exhaust duct 17 ', to allow a possible escape of fluid from the channel C 29 in the engagement position of the pin 23 inside the the cavity 24. Such a possible escape of fluid can be induced by an undesirable source of leakage between the cavity 24 and the head 25.

On remarquera par ailleurs que le fluide circulant à l'intérieur du conduit A d'évacuation 17' est à une pression inférieure à la pression du fluide circulant dans le conduit A d'admission 17. Une telle différence de pression est par exemple induite par la mise à l'air de la conduite A retour 18' vers la source de fluide 16 ou tout au moins par une mise sous pression du conduit A d'évacuation à une pression inférieure au fluide admis sous pression vers le distributeur hydraulique 3,3' au moyen de la pompe 14'.It will also be noted that the fluid flowing inside the exhaust duct 17 'is at a pressure lower than the pressure of the fluid flowing in the intake duct 17. Such a pressure difference is for example induced by venting the return line 18 'to the fluid source 16 or at least by pressurizing the discharge conduit A at a pressure lower than the fluid admitted under pressure to the hydraulic distributor 3.3 'by means of the pump 14'.

L'admission du fluide dans la chambre 30 à travers le canal E 33 procure une lubrification de la chambre 30 et permet d'éviter une montée en pression excessive dans la chambre 30 en amont du piston 31 suivant le sens de circulation du fluide admis à l'intérieur de la chambre 30 depuis le canal C 29.The admission of the fluid into the chamber 30 through the channel E 33 provides a lubrication of the chamber 30 and avoids excessive pressure buildup in the chamber 30 upstream of the piston 31 in the direction of circulation of the fluid admitted to the interior of the chamber 30 from the channel C 29.

Par ailleurs, des canaux D 32 sont ménagés dans le corps de distributeur 4 entre la chambre 30 et respectivement chacun des conduits A 17,17' et des conduits B 19,19'. En position d'engagement de la broche 23 telle qu'illustrée sur les fig.2 à fig.5, les canaux D 32 sont obturés par le piston 31 de sorte que l'admission de fluide à l'intérieur des canaux D 32 soit inefficiente.Furthermore, D channels 32 are formed in the distributor body 4 between the chamber 30 and respectively each of the ducts A 17.17 'and ducts B 19.19'. In the engagement position of the pin 23 as illustrated on the fig.2 to fig.5 , the D channels 32 are closed by the piston 31 so that the admission of fluid inside the D 32 channels is inefficient.

Sur les fig.2 à fig.8, les canaux D 32 débouchent sur la chambre 30 dans un même plan radial commun R. Sur la fig.9, les canaux D 32 en communication avec les conduits A 17,17' et les canaux D en communication avec les conduits B débouchent sur la chambre 30 dans des plans radiaux R1 et R2 respectifs.On the fig.2 to fig.8 , the D channels 32 open on the chamber 30 in the same common radial plane R. On the fig.9 , the channels D 32 in communication with the conduits A 17,17 'and the channels D in communication with the conduits B open on the chamber 30 in respective radial planes R1 and R2.

Plus particulièrement, les canaux D 32 en communication avec les conduits A 17,17' débouchent sur la chambre 30 dans un premier plan radial R1 et les canaux D 32 en communication avec les conduits B 19,19' débouchent sur la chambre 30 dans un deuxième plan radial R1. Le premier plan radial R1 est de préférence placé en amont du deuxième plan radial R2 dans le sens de circulation du fluide admis à l'intérieur de la chambre 30 depuis le canal C 29.More particularly, the D channels 32 in communication with the ducts A 17,17 'open on the chamber 30 in a first radial plane R1 and the channels D 32 in communication with the ducts B 19,19' open on the chamber 30 in a second radial plane R1. The first radial plane R1 is preferably placed upstream of the second radial plane R2 in the direction of flow of the fluid admitted inside the chamber 30 from the channel C 29.

Chaque distributeur hydraulique 3,3' est équipé de moyens de maintien de la broche 23 en position de dégagement, indépendamment d'une rupture de la mise en oeuvre des moyens de manoeuvre 27.Each hydraulic distributor 3,3 'is equipped with means for holding the spindle 23 in the release position, independently of a break in the implementation of the operating means 27.

Sur les fig.2 à fig.9, lesdits moyens de maintien sont formés par le ressort à lamelle(s) 26. En position de dégagement de la broche 23 le ressort à lamelle(s) 26 est repoussé par la broche 23 en provoquant sa déformation suivant une courbure inverse à sa courbure initiale en position d'engagement de la broche 23. Dans cette position de courbure inversée, le ressort à lamelle(s) exerce un effort de traction sur la broche 23 dans le sens opposé au sens de la poussée qu'il exerce sur la broche 23 en position d'engagement.On the fig.2 to fig.9 , said holding means are formed by the leaf spring (s) 26. In the release position of the spindle 23 the leaf spring (s) 26 is pushed by the spindle 23 causing its deformation in a curvature inverse to its curvature initial in spindle engagement position 23. In this inverted curvature position, the leaf spring (s) exerts a pulling force on the spindle 23 in the direction opposite to the direction of the thrust it exerts on the spindle. 23 in the engagement position.

Sur la fig.10, lesdits moyens de maintien sont formés par une agrafe 34 élastiquement déformable ménagée sur le corps de distributeur 4, l'agrafe 34 coopérant par emboîtement avec un logement 35 ménagé sur la broche 23.On the fig.10 , said holding means are formed by an elastically deformable clip 34 formed on the body of 4, the clip 34 cooperating by interlocking with a housing 35 formed on the spindle 23.

Sur les fig.5 à fig.10 le canal E 33 étant en communication fluidique avec la chambre 30, il est opportun d'interdire une admission vers le canal E 33 du fluide admis sous pression dans la chambre 30 par l'intermédiaire du canal C 29 en position de dégagement de la broche 23. A cet effet, il est proposé de ménager une restriction 36 sur le canal E 33.On the fig.5 to fig.10 the E 33 channel being in fluid communication with the chamber 30, it is appropriate to prohibit admission to the channel E 33 of the fluid admitted under pressure into the chamber 30 via the channel C 29 in the spindle release position 23. For this purpose, it is proposed to provide a restriction 36 on the E-channel 33.

Une telle restriction 36 ne fait pas obstacle à une échappée du fluide admis inopportunément à l'intérieur de la chambre 30 sous l'effet d'une dite source de fuite entre la tête 25 et la cavité 24. Cependant, la restriction 36 permet d'augmenter la charge nécessaire à une évacuation hors de la chambre 30 du fluide admis sous pression depuis le canal A d'admission vers la chambre 30 à travers le canal E 33.Such a restriction 36 does not prevent an escapement of the fluid admitted inappropriately inside the chamber 30 under the effect of a said source of leakage between the head 25 and the cavity 24. However, the restriction 36 makes it possible to to increase the load required for evacuation from the chamber 30 of the fluid admitted under pressure from the intake channel A to the chamber 30 through the channel E 33.

Par ailleurs en position de dégagement de la broche 23, les canaux D 32 sont placés en communication fluidique avec la chambre 30. Il en résulte que les conduits A 17,17' et les conduits B 19,19' sont placés en communication fluidique entre eux, avec pour effet de rendre inefficiente la pression de fluide exercée de part et d'autre de la tige 9 coopérant avec le corps de vérin 7,8 affecté au distributeur hydraulique 3,3'.Moreover, in the position of disengagement of the pin 23, the channels D 32 are placed in fluid communication with the chamber 30. As a result, the ducts A 17, 17 'and the ducts B 19, 19' are placed in fluid communication between they, with the effect of rendering inefficient the fluid pressure exerted on either side of the rod 9 cooperating with the cylinder body 7,8 assigned to the hydraulic distributor 3,3 '.

Dans le cas d'une servocommande comprenant un vérin hydraulique 2 à simple corps de vérin 7 tel qu'illustré sur les fig.1 et fig.2, des moyens de liaisons mécaniques 37 placent sous dépendance mécanique directe l'organe de commande 15 et l'organe de manoeuvre 14 des pales 1, de sorte que les pales 1 puissent être directement manoeuvrées par l'organe de manoeuvre 15 en évitant une exploitation de la servocommande défectueuse.In the case of a servo control comprising a hydraulic cylinder 2 with a single cylinder body 7 as illustrated in FIGS. fig.1 and fig.2 , mechanical connection means 37 place under direct mechanical dependence the control member 15 and the actuator 14 of the blades 1, so that the blades 1 can be directly operated by the operating member 15 avoiding operation faulty servocontrol.

De tels moyens de liaison mécanique 37 sont potentiellement mis en oeuvre par le pilote humain du giravion ou sont spontanément mis en oeuvre en étant placé sous la dépendance d'un capteur 38 de l'inefficience de la pression de fluide exercée de part et d'autre de la tige 9. Un tel capteur 38 est par exemple formé de moyens de mesure de la pression du fluide circulant à travers les conduites B 20,20'.Such mechanical connection means 37 are potentially implemented by the human pilot of the rotorcraft or are spontaneously implemented while being placed under the control of a sensor 38 of the inefficiency of the fluid pressure exerted on the part and Another of the rod 9. Such a sensor 38 is for example formed by means for measuring the pressure of the fluid flowing through the pipes B 20,20 '.

Dans le cas d'une servocommande comprenant un vérin hydraulique 2 à multiple corps de vérin 7,8, l'inefficience de la pression de fluide exercée de part et d'autre de la tige 9 coopérant avec un corps de vérin 7,8 ne fait pas obstacle à la manoeuvre par l'organe de commande 15 de l'organe de distribution principal 5 d'un autre distributeur hydraulique affecté à un autre corps de vérin 7,8. Il est compris que ces dispositions sont applicable quelle que soit l'agencement du vérin hydraulique 2 selon lequel les corps de vérin 7,8 sont montés en tandem tel que représenté sur la fig.3 ou sont montés en parallèle tel que représenté sur la fig.4.In the case of a servo control comprising a hydraulic cylinder 2 with multiple cylinder body 7,8, the inefficiency of the fluid pressure exerted on either side of the rod 9 cooperating with a cylinder body 7,8 does not impede the operation by the control member 15 of the main distribution member 5 of another hydraulic distributor assigned to another cylinder body 7,8. It is understood that these provisions are applicable regardless of the arrangement of the hydraulic cylinder 2 according to which the cylinder bodies 7,8 are mounted in tandem as shown in FIG. fig.3 or are mounted in parallel as shown on the fig.4 .

Les modalités de mobilité de la broche illustrées sur les fig.5 à fig.10 dans le cadre de moyens de manoeuvre du type hydraulique exploitant le fluide admis sous pression à l'intérieur du distributeur hydraulique 3,3', sont transposables sans effort particulier par substitution à un distributeur hydraulique illustré sur la fig.1 dans lequel les moyens de manoeuvre sont d'un quelconque autre type.The mobility modalities of the spindle illustrated on the fig.5 to fig.10 in the context of maneuvering means of the hydraulic type using the fluid admitted under pressure inside the hydraulic distributor 3,3 ', are transposable without special effort by substitution to a hydraulic distributor illustrated on the fig.1 wherein the actuating means are of any other type.

Les distributeurs hydrauliques 3,3' illustrés pour exemple sur les figures sont du type à tiroir, l'organe de distribution principal 5 et l'organe de distribution de secours 6 étant montés coulissants à l'intérieur du corps de distributeur 4. Il est cependant à considérer que les règles énoncées par la présente invention sont transposables sans effort particulier à des distributeurs hydrauliques 3,3' de type rotatifs, dans lesquels l'organe de distribution principal 5 et l'organe de distribution de secours 6 sont montés en mobilité tournante à l'intérieur du corps de distributeur 4.The hydraulic distributors 3,3 'illustrated for example in the figures are of the drawer type, the main distribution member 5 and the emergency distribution member 6 being slidably mounted inside the distributor body 4. It is however, to consider that the rules set forth by the present invention are transposable without any particular effort to rotary type hydraulic distributors 3,3 ', in which the main distribution member 5 and the emergency distribution member 6 are mounted in mobility rotating inside the dispenser body 4.

En effet, l'axe général d'extension et de mobilité de la broche 5, et en corolaire la direction de poussée et/ou de traction exercée par les moyens à déformation élastique 26 sur la broche 23, sont orientés transversalement à l'axe de mobilité de l'organe de distribution principal 5 et de l'organe de distribution de secours 6.Indeed, the general axis of extension and mobility of the spindle 5, and corollary the direction of thrust and / or traction exerted by the elastically deformable means 26 on the spindle 23, are oriented transversely to the axis of mobility of the main distribution member 5 and the emergency distribution member 6.

Un tel agencement de la mobilité de la broche 23 permet une application aisée de l'invention à un distributeur hydraulique d'un quelconque type à tiroir ou type rotatif. En effet, les modalités de mobilité coulissante ou tournante de l'organe de distribution principal 5 et de l'organe de distribution de secours 6 à l'intérieur du corps de distributeur 4 du distributeur hydraulique 3,3' sont sans effet sur les conditions de mise en oeuvre et de mobilité de la broche 23 pour alternativement mettre en oeuvre ou inhiber le blocage par brochage entre l'organe de distribution de secours 6 et le corps de distributeur 4.Such an arrangement of the mobility of the spindle 23 allows easy application of the invention to a hydraulic dispenser of any type with a drawer or rotary type. Indeed, the sliding or rotating mobility modes of the main distribution member 5 and the emergency distribution member 6 inside the distributor body 4 of the hydraulic distributor 3,3 'have no effect on the conditions implementation and mobility of the spindle 23 to alternatively implement or inhibit the locking by broaching between the emergency distribution member 6 and the distributor body 4.

Claims (22)

  1. Double hydraulic distributor (3,3') of a servo-control for manoeuvring blades (1) of a rotorcraft rotor, the hydraulic distributor (3,3') comprising:
    -) a body, called a distributor body (4), of the hydraulic distributor (3,3') comprising first conduits, called A conduits (17,17'), dedicated to a hydraulic connection between the hydraulic distributor (3,3') and a source of fluid (16) under pressure, the A conduits (17,17') comprising at least one admission conduit, called an admission A conduit (17), providing an admission of the fluid from the outside to the inside of the hydraulic distributor (3,3') and at least one discharge conduit, called a discharge A conduit (17'), providing a discharge of the fluid from the hydraulic distributor (3,3'), the distributor body (4) comprising second conduits, called B conduits (19, 19'), dedicated to a hydraulic connection between the hydraulic distributor (3,3') and a body, called an actuator body (7,8), of a hydraulic actuator (2) of the servo-control, the B conduits (19,19') comprising a pair of B conduits providing a flow of the fluid between the inside and the outside of the hydraulic distributor (3,3'),
    -) a main distribution member (5) movably mounted inside the distributor body (4) and manoeuvrable by a control member (15), the main distribution member (5) providing first channels, called A channels (21), dedicated to a flow of the fluid through the hydraulic distributor (3,3') between the A conduits (17,17') and the B conduits (19,19'), the admission A conduit (17) and the discharge A conduit (17') being in fluid communication via the A channels (21) selectively with one or the other of the B conduits (19,19') depending on the respective positions of the main distribution member (5) inside the distributor body (4),
    -) an emergency distribution member (6) interposed between the distributor body (4) and the main distribution member (5), the emergency distribution member (6) movably housing the main distribution member (5) and being movably mounted inside the distributor body (4), the emergency distribution member (6) providing second channels, called B channels (22,22d), dedicated to a flow of the fluid between on one side the A channels (21,21') and on the other side the A conduits (17,17') and the B conduits (19,19') selectively depending on the respective positions of the main distribution member (5),
    -) positioning means for positioning the emergency distribution member (6) in a predefined position inside the distributor body (4), in which predefined position of the emergency distribution member (6) the A channels (17,17') and the B channels (19,19') are in fluid communication two to two, the positioning means using at least elastically deformable means (26) bearing against the distributor body (4), a movability of the emergency distribution member (6) inside the distributor body (4) together with the main distribution member (5) being allowed under the effect of an entrainment by friction of the emergency distribution member (6) by the main distribution member (5) in a situation of seizing inside the emergency distribution member (6) against a thrust exerted by the elastically deformable means (26),
    characterised in that said positioning means are means for blocking the emergency distribution member (6) on the distributor body (4) by a pin (23) movably mounted on the distributor body (4) and cooperating by sliding bearing engagement with a cavity (24) of the emergency distribution member (6), the pin (23) being movable between an engaged position in which a head (25) of the pin (23) is received in the cavity (24) under the effect of the thrust exerted against the pin (23) by the elastically deformable means (26) and a disengaged position in which said head (25) is totally disengaged from the cavity (24) by manoeuvring means (27) for manoeuvring the pin (23) against the thrust exerted against the pin (23) by the elastically deformable means (26), the operation of the manoeuvring means (27) being placed under the dependence of a relative movability between the emergency distribution member and the distributor body allowing at least partial freeing of said cavity (24) by sliding of the head (25) of the pin (23) inside the cavity (24).
  2. Hydraulic distributor according to claim 1,
    characterised in that the manoeuvring means (27) for manoeuvring the pin (23) are means for fluid thrust of the pin (23) which is provided with a piston against which is applied the fluid admitted under pressure into the inside of the hydraulic distributor (3,3').
  3. Hydraulic distributor according to claim 2,
    characterised in that the pin (23) is movably housed in a chamber (30) of the distributor body (4) and is arranged as a needle for closing a first fluid passage, called a C channel (29), opening out into the chamber (30 through the cavity (24) and being in fluid communication with any one of said A conduits (17,17') and B conduits (19,19'), an at least partial clearance of the cavity (24) allowing fluid to be admitted into the inside of the chamber (30) from the C channel (29).
  4. Hydraulic distributor according to claim 3,
    characterised in that the C channel (29) is in fluid communication with the admission A conduit (17).
  5. Hydraulic distributor according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
    characterised in that the hydraulic distributor (3,3') comprises means for establishing fluid communication between all of the A conduits (17,17') and the B conduits (19,19') in the disengaged position of the pin (23).
  6. Hydraulic distributor according to claim 5,
    characterised in that the distributor body (4) comprises second fluid passages, called D channels (32), said D channels (32) being fluid passages respectively for a first D channel (32) between the chamber (30) and the admission A conduit (17), for a second D channel (32) between the chamber (30) and the discharge A conduit (17'), for a third D channel (32) between the chamber (30) and any one of the B conduits (19,19') and for a fourth D channel (32) between the chamber (30) and the other B channel (19,19'), the outlets to the chamber (30) of the D channels (32) being closed off jointly by the piston (31) in the engaged position of the pin (23) and being uncovered by the piston (31) in the disengaged position of the pin (23).
  7. Hydraulic distributor according to claim 6,
    characterised in that the D channels (32) open out into the chamber (30) in a same radial plane (R) considered relative to the axial displacement direction of the pin (23) inside the chamber (30), the fluid communication being established between all of the A conduits (17,17') and the B conduits (19,19') simultaneously.
  8. Hydraulic distributor according to claim 6,
    characterised in that the D channels (32) open out into the chamber (30) in different radial planes (R1,R2) relative to the displacement direction of the pin (23) inside the chamber (30), the fluid communication being established progressively between the A conduits (17,17') and the B conduits (19,19').
  9. Hydraulic distributor according to any one of claims 3 to 8,
    characterised in that the chamber (30) is in fluid communication with the discharge A conduit (17') via a third fluid passage, called an E channel (33), said E channel (33) opening out into any position of the pin (23) upstream from the piston (31) in the displacement direction of the pin (23) from the engaged position towards the disengaged position.
  10. Hydraulic distributor according to claim 9,
    characterised in that the E channel (33) comprises a section constriction (36).
  11. Hydraulic distributor according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
    characterised in that the hydraulic distributor (3,3') comprises holding means for holding the pin (23) in the disengaged position independently of an interruption in the operation of the manoeuvring means (27).
  12. Hydraulic distributor according to claim 11,
    characterised in that the holding means are formed by said elastically deformable means (26) arranged as a leaf spring with at least one leaf, said leaf spring being fastened to the distributor body (4) and being bidirectionally engaged on the pin (23), the leaf spring exerting a thrust against the pin (23) in the engaged position and a traction on the pin (23) in the disengaged position as a result of its deformation caused by the pin (23) passing into the disengaged position.
  13. Hydraulic distributor according to claim 11,
    characterised in that the holding means are of the elastic engagement type and comprise an elastically deformable clip (34) cooperating with a housing (35), the clip (34) and the housing (35) being respectively arranged equally well on the distributor body (4) and on the pin (23).
  14. Hydraulic distributor according to any one of claims 1 to 13,
    characterised in that the hydraulic distributor (3,3') is of the slide type, the main distribution member (5) and the emergency distribution member (6) being mounted to move in translation inside the distributor body (4).
  15. Hydraulic distributor according to any one of claims 1 to 13,
    characterised in that the hydraulic distributor (3,3') is of the rotary type, the main distribution member (5) and the emergency distribution member (6) being mounted to move in angular deflection inside the distributor body (4).
  16. Hydraulic distributor according to any one of claims 1 to 15,
    characterised in that the bearing surface of the head (25) of the pin (23) for bearing against the inside of the cavity (24) is a spherical bearing surface.
  17. Hydraulic distributor according to claim 1,
    characterised in that the operation of the manoeuvring means (27) is placed under the dependence of detecting means (28) for detecting a relative displacement between the main distribution member (5) and the emergency distribution member (6).
  18. Servo-control for manoeuvring blades (1) of a rotorcraft rotor, the servo-control comprising at least one hydraulic actuator (2) having at least one double-acting actuator body (7,8) and at least one hydraulic distributor (3,3') according to any one of claims 1 to 17.
  19. Servo-control according to claim 18, the servo-control comprising at least one hydraulic actuator (2) having a plurality of double-acting actuator bodies (7,8), each of the actuator bodies (7,8) being fed with fluid by a hydraulic distributor (3,3') associated therewith.
  20. Servo-control according to claim 19, the servo-control comprising at least one hydraulic actuator (2) two double-acting actuator bodies (7,8),
    characterised in that:
    -) each actuator body (7,8) of the hydraulic actuator (2) is in fluid communication with a hydraulic distributor (3,3') associated therewith, the B conduits (19,19') of each of the hydraulic distributors (3,3') being in fluid communication with a respective actuator body (7,8),
    -) any one of the B conduits (19,19') of a first hydraulic distributor (3,3') being in fluid communication with a first top passage (10) of a first actuator body and the other of the B conduits (19,19') of the first hydraulic distributor (3,3') being in fluid communication with a first bottom passage (11) of the first actuator body,
    -) any one of the B conduits (19,19') of a second hydraulic distributor (3,3') being in fluid communication with a second top passage (10) of a second actuator body (7,8) and the other of the B conduits (19,19') of the second hydraulic distributor (3,3') being in fluid communication with a second bottom passage (11) of the second actuator body (7,8),
    -) the main distribution members (5) of each of the hydraulic distributors (3,3') being jointly engaged on a common manoeuvring member (15), the operation of which regulates the distribution of the fluid through the two hydraulic distributors (3,3').
  21. Servo-control according to claim 20, in which servo-control the actuator bodies (7,8) of the hydraulic actuator (2) are mounted in tandem, together housing a common rod (9).
  22. Servo-control according to claim 20, in which servo-control the actuator bodies (7,8) of the hydraulic actuator (2) are mounted in parallel, the actuator bodies (7,8) housing respective rods (9) mechanically connected to one another.
EP14001385.5A 2013-05-17 2014-04-16 Dual hydraulic dispenser of a servocontrol for operating the blades of a rotorcraft rotor Active EP2803572B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1301144A FR3005632B1 (en) 2013-05-17 2013-05-17 DOUBLE HYDRAULIC DISTRIBUTOR OF A SERVO CONTROL FOR MANEUVERING OF THE BLADES OF A ROTOR OF GIRAVION

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2803572A1 EP2803572A1 (en) 2014-11-19
EP2803572B1 true EP2803572B1 (en) 2015-10-28

Family

ID=48979815

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14001385.5A Active EP2803572B1 (en) 2013-05-17 2014-04-16 Dual hydraulic dispenser of a servocontrol for operating the blades of a rotorcraft rotor

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US (1) US9624946B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2803572B1 (en)
FR (1) FR3005632B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3054199B1 (en) * 2016-07-25 2019-08-02 Airbus Operations SYSTEM FOR ACTUATING A CONTROL SURFACE OF AN AIRCRAFT.
FR3054619B1 (en) * 2016-07-26 2018-11-23 Airbus Helicopters INTEGRATED DISTRIBUTOR STABILIZER SERVO CONTROL FOR FLIGHT CONTROLS OF AN AIRCRAFT
EP3763621A1 (en) 2019-07-12 2021-01-13 Ratier-Figeac SAS Hydraulic actuation system

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3529514A (en) * 1969-03-25 1970-09-22 United Aircraft Corp Redundant servomechanism with bypass provisions
US4128047A (en) * 1975-08-14 1978-12-05 Textron Inc. Actuator with locking valves
DE2855636C2 (en) 1978-12-22 1985-08-08 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München Servo control valve
US6981439B2 (en) * 2003-08-22 2006-01-03 Hr Textron, Inc. Redundant flow control for hydraulic actuator systems
FR2916492B1 (en) 2007-05-24 2009-07-17 Eurocopter France HYDRAULIC DISPENSER HAVING A GRIPPING DETECTION DEVICE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2803572A1 (en) 2014-11-19
US20150176612A1 (en) 2015-06-25
FR3005632A1 (en) 2014-11-21
FR3005632B1 (en) 2015-05-29
US9624946B2 (en) 2017-04-18

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