EP2802427A1 - Double-jet cooling device for semicontinuous vertical casting mould - Google Patents

Double-jet cooling device for semicontinuous vertical casting mould

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Publication number
EP2802427A1
EP2802427A1 EP13706576.9A EP13706576A EP2802427A1 EP 2802427 A1 EP2802427 A1 EP 2802427A1 EP 13706576 A EP13706576 A EP 13706576A EP 2802427 A1 EP2802427 A1 EP 2802427A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mold
casting
holes
cooling
rows
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13706576.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2802427B1 (en
Inventor
Philipe JARRY
Olivier Ribaud
Pierre-Yves Menet
Laurent JOUET PASTRE
Emmanuel WAZ
Aurèle MARIAUX
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Constellium Issoire SAS
Original Assignee
Constellium France SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Constellium France SAS filed Critical Constellium France SAS
Priority to SI201330474A priority Critical patent/SI2802427T1/en
Publication of EP2802427A1 publication Critical patent/EP2802427A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/124Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/049Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds for direct chill casting, e.g. electromagnetic casting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B22D11/20Controlling or regulating processes or operations for removing cast stock
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D30/00Cooling castings, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/14Plants for continuous casting

Definitions

  • Double jet cooling device for vertical semi-continuous casting mold Double jet cooling device for vertical semi-continuous casting mold.
  • the invention relates to the field of the manufacture of semi-finished products such as rolling plates and spinning billets of aluminum alloys by vertical semi-continuous casting.
  • the invention relates to a device and a method of direct cooling, double row of jets, ensuring gradual and continuous quenching of the solidifying product, and especially during the start phase of the casting, so as to control and minimize the phenomenon of camber, and allowing hot rolling, or spinning, subsequent without prior sawing of the tapping foot, and without tears or cracks.
  • the mold may or may not have, on its working surface, a graphite insert to improve the surface state in steady state.
  • the products may be intended for the manufacture of any application in the form of sheets, strips, profiles or forging pieces obtained by extrusion,
  • the rolling plates and the spinning billets are typically made by casting in a mold, or mold, vertical and positioned on a casting table over a pit or casting well.
  • the mold is rectangular in the case of plates or circular in the case of billets with open ends, except for the lower end closed at the beginning of casting by a false bottom which moves downward thanks to a descender during casting of the plate or billet, the upper end being for the metal supply.
  • the mold and the false bottom define the cavity in which the metal is poured.
  • the false bottom is in its highest position in the mold.
  • the false bottom is lowered at a predetermined speed.
  • the solidified metal is then extracted by the lower part of the mold and the plate or billet is thus formed.
  • This type of molding in which the metal extracted from the mold is directly cooled by the impact of a coolant is known as semi-continuous casting, typically vertical, direct cooling.
  • the difficulty lies in the success of the transition from the zero speed of the beginning of formation of the product to the speed of steady state.
  • This passage results in a deformation of the plate foot, known to those skilled in the art under the name of camber. If it is too pronounced, which occurs when the foot is cooled too violently, the camber can cause what the skilled person calls “pissures”, which can sometimes degenerate into “hanging”, that is, say a jamming of the plate in its mold.
  • the camber associated with an unsuitable cooling regime can lead, less catastrophically, to the breakage of the foot or cracks in the foot.
  • camber it is known to those skilled in the art that it is necessary to extract less heat from the product during the starting phase of the casting than under steady state conditions.
  • different technologies have been developed (pulsation, C02 injection into the start-up water, use of V-shaped ingot molds and curved false-bottoms).
  • the most effective techniques are to sufficiently reduce the cooling rate at startup to obtain a stable heating regime, which extracts much less heat than the nucleate boiling regime or the runoff regime.
  • the camber speed is an increasing function of the starting speed, which leads to starting the casting at a speed which is generally lower than the steady state casting speed.
  • the parameters more important are the filling rate and the casting temperature, a low heat extraction at the start of the start-up phase by using a sufficiently small quantity of water and of adapted thermal efficiency in relation to its quality, the appropriate choice of the starting speed with respect to the initial water flow, finally the choice, at the end of the start-up phase, of the ramp for increasing the casting speed and increasing the flow rate of the cooling water which makes it possible to reach the Speed and cooling parameters adapted to the steady flow of casting, guaranteeing the health of the foot and the minimization of its camber.
  • These molds comprise either a horizontal row of holes, or two superimposed rows.
  • the first disadvantage of this technology is the phenomenon of double camber. Indeed, a first camber occurs when starting with the first row of jets at 22 ° incidence. But a second camber occurs when activating jets at 45 °. It should be known that the mechanical phenomenon of camber does not stop abruptly, but continues to make its effects until late during the casting, ie 1 meter casting length and more. This sequential watering system contributes to significantly extend this mechanical transient camber. During the subsequent hot rolling of the plate, this results in a risk of cracking between the first and second camber and scrap rolling resulting therefrom. Thus the molds of the prior art have been optimized on the sole criterion of the lap to the casting and not on the rolling behavior of the plate feet thus formed.
  • the second disadvantage relates to the crown of foot, extended because of the very low flow of watering during the first phase of start casting.
  • the third disadvantage is the incompatibility of this technology with the casting of so-called hard alloys. Indeed, these are often characterized by a high sensitivity to hot crack on the one hand, and by the fact that very high stresses appear quickly during cooling. It is imperative to limit all local temperature gradients that can result in locally high internal stresses.
  • the very low flow watering phase is conducive to hot cracking, for two reasons: the excessive time spent by the surface metal in the danger zone of solidified fraction (presence of a fragilizing residual liquid fraction) before the very low impact of the jets at 22 °, and the excessive spacing between the jets at 22 ° which create local thermal gradients conducive to the initiation of cracks, on the other hand the application
  • the abrupt second high incidence of watering after the low incidence regime creates precisely the conditions of occurrence of a very high local thermal gradient and the constraints that accompany it.
  • the present invention proposes to provide a solution to the problem of double camber and quality of the plate foot, without the disadvantages that have been noted for existing solutions, among others and in particular for hard alloys.
  • the subject of the invention is a device for cooling a direct-cooling vertical semi-continuous casting mold of rolling plates or spinning billets (3), consisting of two rows of holes, arranged over the entire internal perimeter of the cavity of the mold, in its lower part of the exit of the plate or billet (3), each of the rows of holes being located near a plane perpendicular to the vertical axis of said mold, characterized in that:
  • the holes of the second row are arranged substantially on the median of the interval between two holes of the first row, either the highest or the lowest further upstream relative to the vertical axis of the mold.
  • the two rows of holes and said channels are organized with respect to the coolant chamber (2) to be able to simultaneously distribute said liquid with flow rates and substantially equal speeds on the two rows of holes, both during the start phase and during the steady state of casting.
  • This is achieved by using substantially equal diameter holes in the same row and between the two rows.
  • the two rows of holes of said cooling device are arranged relative to each other so as to produce jets (4 and 5) which, if they are stretched, form, at any moment of the casting both during startup and during steady state, impacts on the substantially vertical surface containing the working face of the mold, spaced from each other by a distance of between 10 and 40 mm in the vertical direction.
  • the diameter of each of said holes in each row is 3 ⁇ 1 mm.
  • the spacing between two adjacent holes on the same row is between 10 and 30 mm.
  • the invention also relates to a method of implementing said cooling device as described above for the direct cooling vertical semi-continuous casting of rolling plates or spinning billets (3), and such that the total flow rate of cooling water for all the holes in the two rows, ie the flow leaving the coolant chamber (2), is between 0.3 and 0.8 l / min per linear cm of mold perimeter, at the beginning of the phase transient start of the casting, phase during which the coolant flow rate and the casting speed have not reached their steady state value as described in paragraph "State of the art", then is brought to the desired flow rate for the steady state casting typically 1 1 / cm / min or more.
  • said flow of water at the beginning of the transitional start phase of the casting is between 0.4 and 0.6 1 / cm / min.
  • the cooling liquid is fed simultaneously to all the holes of the two rows during the starting phase of the casting, so that the camber phenomenon occurs gradually, distributed and continuous, while being minimized by the flow of said liquid.
  • the method of implementation of said cooling device for the vertical semi-continuous casting of rolling plates (3) uses a casting mold provided with a false flat bottom whose edges are included in a substantially horizontal plane.
  • it uses a casting mold provided with a curved false bottom, or a casting mold provided with a false flat bottom with curved rim, so, in both cases, to that the middle of the faces of the product is subjected, during the starting phase of the casting, to the direct cooling by the cooling liquid before the regions of the rolling face furthest from the middle of the face have not yet left the mold.
  • said method of implementing said cooling device for the direct cooling vertical semi-continuous casting of rolling plates or spinning billets (3) can use a casting mold provided on its working surface with an insert in graphite (1).
  • FIG. 1 represents the length of calefaction in millimeters, obtained in the case of example 1, as a function of the initial starting flow rate of the casting, in 1 / cm of perimeter of mold and per minute, for three types of molds the same format 2600 x 350 mm:
  • a single-row 30 ° pitch patterned hole mold (labeled 30, square symbols),
  • a mold with two rows of holes respectively 45 and 22 ° simultaneously activated (marked 45/22, circular symbols)
  • a mold with two rows of holes respectively incidence 32 and 22 °, according to the invention (marked 32/22, asterisks).
  • FIG. 2 represents the variation of the surface temperature of the plates of example 1, measured substantially at the mid-width at the outlet of the mold, in ° C., as a function of the same flow rate and for the same molds identified in the same way as previously.
  • zone I without heating
  • zone II with stable heating and good health of the foot
  • zone III with heating but hot cracking of the foot.
  • FIG. 3 represents the evolution of the camber, obtained in the case of example 1, in millimeters, as a function of the initial starting flow rate of the casting, in 1 / linear cm of mold perimeter and per minute, for three types of molds identical to the previous ones and marked in the same way.
  • FIG. 4 represents the size of the solidification cells, in ⁇ , as a function of the distance to the casting skin, in mm, obtained in steady state on a plate of example 2.
  • the symbols in asterisk relate to the mold to two rows of 32 ° and 22 ° incidence and graphite insert holes, according to the invention, the symbols in a circle of a LHC TM mold of "Wagstaff" with two rows of 45 ° and 22 ° incidence holes.
  • FIG. 5 represents the typical shapes of strips obtained by hot rolling of a plate foot (only half a width is drawn), on the left from a cast plate with a mold according to the invention, on the right with a sequentially cooled LHC TM mold of "Wagstaff" 45/22 during the boot phase of boot constitution.
  • FIG. 6 represents a sectional view of a mold according to the invention, provided with a graphite insert 1 on the working face, its single water chamber at 2, the cast plate 3 being represented at the lower left end; of the cut, in gray uniform, with the two beams incident at 32 and 22 ° of coolant, respectively 4 and 5.
  • the chamber comprises a septum or diaphragm 6, provided with at least one orifice 7 so as to regulate the delivered liquid flow.
  • the system of two rows of jets is used.
  • the angle of incidence of the jets is an essential parameter of the invention.
  • the incidence of the first row of jets watering the product is the most direct. However, the Applicant has found that the more this impact is direct, the less the flow range in which the caulking is stable is extended.
  • the first row of jets (4) which waters the product must therefore have an incidence of the order of 32 + 13 -5, and preferably 32 ⁇ 5 °, to allow the establishment of a steady state of heating.
  • the second row of jets (5) must therefore have an even lower incidence, and such that the impact distance between the two rows of jets is sufficient for the The heating regime has time to establish itself. Two rows of jets too close are in fact equivalent to a single row of jets. Typically the second row of jets (5) has an incidence of the order of 22 ⁇ 5 ° so that the vertical distance between the impacts of the jets from each of the two rows is between 10 and 40 mm.
  • a spatially progressive tempering effect is obtained with moderate cooling, obtained by a first row, then by a second row of jets some twenty millimeters below.
  • the spatial progressivity of quenching can be improved in the lateral direction by the use of false curved bottoms or with curved flanges.
  • the invention also consists in obtaining a temporally progressive quenching effect, thanks to a gradual and simultaneous increase in the flow of water on the two rows of jets, which makes it possible to avoid the particularly marked phenomenon of double camber inherent in the technology. sequential jets.
  • the Applicant has found that the use of rows of 32 ° and 22 ° incidence jets allowed to obtain a stable heating regime for cold water (up to 10 ° C) and for significantly higher linear flow rates ( up to 0.6 1 / cm / min) for existing technologies.
  • the starting speed obtained is thus extremely robust, guaranteeing a recovery rate close to 100% at casting. It has also been shown during hot rolling of unscored slabs the complete absence of end and edge cracks, thanks to the integrity of the sole and the absence of disturbance of the section related to an exaggerated phenomenon. double camber.
  • the Applicant has furthermore found that, during the casting of hard alloys, the steady-state surface slits, observed in the case of a single-row jet mold, are eliminated with a two-row mold of jet jets. 32 ° and 22 ° of incidence.
  • the invention will be better understood with the aid of the following examples, which are however not limiting in nature.
  • Linear flow rates of cooling water, at casting start, from 0.45 to 0.51 1 per linear cm of mold perimeter / min. have been tested. The flow rate was then increased to 1 1 / cm / min. in steady state.
  • the simultaneous incidence of the cooling water jets on the mold outlet plate was 45 ° and 22 ° with respect to the vertical axis.
  • a mold according to the invention with two rows of superposed horizontal holes, all the holes having a diameter of 3.2 mm and being spaced from each other on each row of 12 mm, each of the holes of the lower row being disposed substantially on the perpendicular bisector. the interval between two holes in the upper row.
  • the incidences of the cooling water jets, activated simultaneously, on the plate at the outlet of the mold were 32 ° and 22 ° with respect to the vertical axis creating impacts separated vertically by a distance of 18 mm.
  • the temperature of the cooling water was 15 ⁇ 2 ° C in all three cases.
  • the length of calefaction at the outlet of the mold was measured by the method known under the name of "ISTM” ("Ingot Surface Temperature Measurement”), which consists of measuring the surface temperature of the plate by pricking a thermocouple of contact on said surface under the impact of the lower jet of cooling, to record the temperature during a descent of 5 mm from the plate, then to repeat the operation throughout the transitional phase start casting.
  • ISTM Ingot Surface Temperature Measurement
  • the temperature curve as a function of the cast plate length has a bearing from the origin whose relatively abrupt end corresponds to the end of the caulking for a length corresponding to the "heating length" reported on the ordinate in FIG. depending on the starting linear flow rate.
  • the double row of jet molds make it possible to obtain stable stagnation at higher start-up rates than a single-row jet mold.
  • zone I without heating
  • zone II with stable heating and good health of the foot of the foot
  • zone III with calming but hot cracking of the foot.
  • this temperature is much more stable as a function of the water flow rate in the case of the mold with double row of 32 ° and 22 ° incidence jets activated simultaneously, according to the invention (reference 32/22), than in that of the mold with a double row of 45 ° and 22 ° incidence jets activated simultaneously (marked 45/22) which gives rise to hot cracking of the foot at low flow (0.55 l / cm / min.), which reduces the operating range to a very small area, and, in the case of the single-row 30 ° jet mold, which does not allow to obtain stable stagnation for water flows strictly greater than 0.451 / cm / min at this water temperature.
  • the mold according to the invention (reference 32/22) can be used for linear flow rates between 0.4 and 0.6 1 / cm / min, which is particularly advantageous because this wide range of flow rates makes it possible in particular to compensate for a possible variation of water temperature.
  • the mold according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a stable calefaction in the range of optimum product surface temperatures and in a wide range of start-up rates, which other types of mold of the art do not allow. prior.
  • camber obtained on the plate was measured and recorded using a "video camera". Its value, the length from which the edge of the plate, is plotted on the ordinate in FIG. 3, again as a function of the linear starting flow rate and for the same molds as previously.
  • camber obtained with the mold according to the invention (reference 32/22) is significantly lower than that obtained with the other molds for start rates lower than 0.6 1 / cm / min, which shows the the benefits of progressive quenching achieved with this two-jet watering technology with optimized incidences.
  • a mold according to the invention with two rows of superposed horizontal holes, activated simultaneously (bearings 32 and 22 °), all the holes having a diameter of 3.2 mm and being spaced apart on each row of 12 mm, and generating impacts. on the product vertically distant about 18mm, each of the holes of the lower row being arranged on the perpendicular of the interval between two holes of the upper row.
  • the mold was equipped with a graphite insert on all its working surfaces.
  • the temperature of the cooling water was 15 ⁇ 2 ° C.
  • the size of the solidification cells was measured in the part of the plate corresponding to the steady state of casting by means of the image analysis algorithm p *, at different distances from the casting skin.
  • the mold according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a casting structure, at the periphery of the plate, having cell sizes comparable (to within 2 ⁇ ) to those obtained with the LHC TM mold, and a zone thickness. cortical similar, less than 10 mm.
  • the metallurgical response obtained is therefore substantially identical to that allowed by the LHC TM mold.
  • EXAMPLE 3 1670 mm x 610 mm and 1810 mm x 510 mm format rolling plates, made of AA5182 alloy, were cast with the same mold configurations as for example 2.
  • the plates were then hot rolled without sawing the feet.
  • the typical shapes of the strips obtained are shown in half-width in FIG. 5, on the left in the case of the cast plate with a mold according to the invention (cooling with two simultaneous sprays with optimized incidences 32 ° / 22 ° and insert graphite on all working faces), right with an LHC TM mold of "Wagstaff Inc.” used at startup with sequential cooling at 22 and then 45 °.
  • the plate produced by the mold according to the invention has a simple and distributed camber which therefore generates no crack during hot rolling.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a direct cooling device for a mould for the semicontinuous vertical casting of slabs for rolling or ingots for extruding (3) that are progressively quenched with a double jet (jets 4 and 5), the first one at substantially 32° and the second substantially 22°, simultaneously, each jet delivering substantially the same flow rate and flow velocity from a single chamber (2) of liquid. Another subject of the invention is a method implementing said device, with or without a graphite insert (1) on the working faces and in combination with various configurations of false bottom.

Description

Dispositif de refroidissement à double jet pour moule de coulée semi-continue verticale.  Double jet cooling device for vertical semi-continuous casting mold.
Domaine de l'invention Field of the invention
L'invention concerne le domaine de la fabrication de demi-produits tels que les plaques de laminage et les billettes de filage en alliages d'aluminium par coulée semi-continue verticale. The invention relates to the field of the manufacture of semi-finished products such as rolling plates and spinning billets of aluminum alloys by vertical semi-continuous casting.
Plus précisément, l'invention concerne un dispositif et un procédé de refroidissement direct, à double rangée de jets, assurant une trempe progressive et continue du produit en cours de solidification, et notamment pendant la phase de démarrage de la coulée, de façon à maîtriser et minimiser le phénomène de cambrure, et autorisant un laminage à chaud, ou filage, ultérieur sans sciage préalable du pied de coulée, et ce sans déchirures ou criques.  More specifically, the invention relates to a device and a method of direct cooling, double row of jets, ensuring gradual and continuous quenching of the solidifying product, and especially during the start phase of the casting, so as to control and minimize the phenomenon of camber, and allowing hot rolling, or spinning, subsequent without prior sawing of the tapping foot, and without tears or cracks.
La lingotière peut ou non comporter, sur sa surface travaillante, un insert en graphite afin d'améliorer l'état de surface en régime permanent.  The mold may or may not have, on its working surface, a graphite insert to improve the surface state in steady state.
Les produits peuvent être destinés à la fabrication de toute application sous forme de tôles, bandes, profilés ou pièces de forge obtenues par extrusion,  The products may be intended for the manufacture of any application in the form of sheets, strips, profiles or forging pieces obtained by extrusion,
Etat de la technique State of the art
Les plaques de laminage et les billettes de filage sont typiquement fabriquées par coulée dans un moule, ou lingotière, vertical et positionné sur une table de coulée au dessus d'une fosse ou puits de coulée. The rolling plates and the spinning billets are typically made by casting in a mold, or mold, vertical and positioned on a casting table over a pit or casting well.
Le moule est à section rectangulaire dans le cas des plaques ou circulaire dans le cas des billettes, à extrémités ouvertes, à l'exception de l'extrémité inférieure fermée en début de coulée par un faux fond qui se déplace en descendant grâce à un descenseur au cours de la coulée de la plaque ou billette, l'extrémité supérieure étant destinée à 1 ' alimentation en métal.  The mold is rectangular in the case of plates or circular in the case of billets with open ends, except for the lower end closed at the beginning of casting by a false bottom which moves downward thanks to a descender during casting of the plate or billet, the upper end being for the metal supply.
Le moule et le faux fond définissent la cavité dans laquelle le métal est coulé. Au démarrage du processus de coulée, le faux fond se trouve dans sa position la plus haute dans le moule. Dès que le métal est versé et refroidi, typiquement au moyen d'eau, le faux fond est descendu à une vitesse prédéterminée. Le métal solidifié s'extrait alors par la partie inférieure du moule et la plaque ou billette est ainsi formée. The mold and the false bottom define the cavity in which the metal is poured. At the start of the casting process, the false bottom is in its highest position in the mold. As soon as the metal is poured and cooled, typically by means of water, the false bottom is lowered at a predetermined speed. The solidified metal is then extracted by the lower part of the mold and the plate or billet is thus formed.
Ce type de moulage dans lequel le métal extrait du moule est refroidi directement par impact d'un liquide de refroidissement est connu sous le nom de coulée semi- continue, typiquement verticale, à refroidissement direct.  This type of molding in which the metal extracted from the mold is directly cooled by the impact of a coolant is known as semi-continuous casting, typically vertical, direct cooling.
En coulée semi-continue, la difficulté réside dans la réussite du passage de la vitesse nulle du début de formation du produit à la vitesse de régime permanent. Ce passage se traduit par une déformation du pied de plaque, connue de l'homme du métier sous le nom de cambrure. Si elle est trop prononcée, ce qui se produit lorsque le pied est refroidi trop violemment, la cambrure peut engendrer ce que l'homme du métier appelle des « pissures », qui peuvent parfois dégénérer en « pendaison », c'est-à-dire un coincement de la plaque dans son moule. La cambrure associée à un régime de refroidissement inadapté peut aboutir, de façon moins catastrophique, à la cassure du pied ou à des fentes dans le pied. Ces cassures ou fentes sont tout à fait nuisibles car elles peuvent se propager en régime permanent conduisant de ce fait au rebut du produit, sinon et pour le moins, elles empêchent le laminage à chaud de la plaque sans sciage du pied pour restaurer l'intégrité du produit. Enfin une cambrure qui n'entraîne aucun rebut de coulée se traduit toutefois par des variations de section du produit qui peuvent empêcher le laminage des produits sans sciage du pied.  In semi-continuous casting, the difficulty lies in the success of the transition from the zero speed of the beginning of formation of the product to the speed of steady state. This passage results in a deformation of the plate foot, known to those skilled in the art under the name of camber. If it is too pronounced, which occurs when the foot is cooled too violently, the camber can cause what the skilled person calls "pissures", which can sometimes degenerate into "hanging", that is, say a jamming of the plate in its mold. The camber associated with an unsuitable cooling regime can lead, less catastrophically, to the breakage of the foot or cracks in the foot. These breaks or slits are quite harmful because they can propagate in steady state thus leading to scrapping of the product, otherwise, and at the very least, they prevent the hot rolling of the plate without sawing the foot to restore the integrity of the product. Finally, a camber that does not cause any casting scrap however results in product section variations that can prevent the rolling of products without sawing the foot.
Pour limiter la cambrure il est connu de l'homme du métier qu'il faut extraire moins de chaleur du produit pendant la phase de démarrage de la coulée qu'en régime permanent. Pour cela différentes technologies ont été développées (pulsation, injection de C02 dans l'eau de démarrage, utilisation de lingotières en Vé et de faux- fonds galbés). Les techniques les plus performantes consistent à réduire suffisamment le débit de refroidissement au démarrage pour obtenir un régime de caléfaction stable, qui extrait beaucoup moins de chaleur que le régime d'ébullition nucléée ou le régime de ruissellement. Par ailleurs il est connu que la vitesse de cambrure est une fonction croissante de la vitesse de démarrage, ce qui conduit à démarrer la coulée à une vitesse qui est généralement inférieure à la vitesse de coulée de régime permanent. Il est donc connu de l'homme du métier que les paramètres les plus importants sont la vitesse de remplissage et la température de coulée, une faible extraction de chaleur au début de la phase de démarrage en utilisant une quantité d'eau suffisamment faible et d'efficacité thermique adaptée en relation avec sa qualité, le choix approprié de la vitesse de démarrage en regard du débit d'eau initial, enfin le choix, en fin de phase de démarrage, de la rampe de montée en vitesse de coulée et d'accroissement du débit d'eau de refroidissement qui permettent d'atteindre les paramètres de vitesse et de refroidissement adaptés au régime permanent de coulée en garantissant la bonne santé du pied et la minimisation de sa cambrure. To limit camber, it is known to those skilled in the art that it is necessary to extract less heat from the product during the starting phase of the casting than under steady state conditions. For this purpose, different technologies have been developed (pulsation, C02 injection into the start-up water, use of V-shaped ingot molds and curved false-bottoms). The most effective techniques are to sufficiently reduce the cooling rate at startup to obtain a stable heating regime, which extracts much less heat than the nucleate boiling regime or the runoff regime. Furthermore it is known that the camber speed is an increasing function of the starting speed, which leads to starting the casting at a speed which is generally lower than the steady state casting speed. It is therefore known to those skilled in the art that the parameters more important are the filling rate and the casting temperature, a low heat extraction at the start of the start-up phase by using a sufficiently small quantity of water and of adapted thermal efficiency in relation to its quality, the appropriate choice of the starting speed with respect to the initial water flow, finally the choice, at the end of the start-up phase, of the ramp for increasing the casting speed and increasing the flow rate of the cooling water which makes it possible to reach the Speed and cooling parameters adapted to the steady flow of casting, guaranteeing the health of the foot and the minimization of its camber.
Ceci peut être obtenu avec des lingotières connues sous l'appellation de « Waterhole » (moules à trous) dont l'architecture intérieure et les diamètres de trous permettent d'atteindre de très faibles débits tout en garantissant une très bonne uniformité du débit le long du moule. This can be achieved with molds known as "Waterhole" (hole molds) whose interior architecture and hole diameters allow to achieve very low flow rates while ensuring a very good uniformity of flow along of the mold.
Ces moules comportent soit une rangée horizontale de trous, soit deux rangées superposées. These molds comprise either a horizontal row of holes, or two superimposed rows.
La demande WO 2005/092540A1 et les brevets US 7,007,739 B2, US 5,518,063, US 5,582,230, et US 5,685,359, de « Wagstaff Inc. » divulguent un système d'arrosage séquentiel, d'abord avec une première rangée de trous à 22° d'incidence, qui permet d'obtenir le régime de caléfaction au démarrage, puis en lui superposant une deuxième rangée de jets issus de trous à 45° qui mettent fin à la caléfaction et assurent un refroidissement suffisant en régime permanent. La forte différenciation entre le régime à une rangée de jets à faible incidence et le régime à arrosage par les deux jets dont un à forte incidence est explicitement revendiquée par « Wagstaff Inc. ».  Application WO 2005 / 092540A1 and US Patents 7,007,739 B2, US 5,518,063, US 5,582,230, and US 5,685,359 of "Wagstaff Inc." disclose a sequential watering system, first with a first row of holes at 22 ° C. incidence, which allows to obtain the starting temperature of caulking, then superimposing a second row of jets from holes at 45 ° which end the heating and provide sufficient cooling in steady state. The strong differentiation between the low-incidence jet stream regime and the high-impact jet regime is explicitly claimed by "Wagstaff Inc."
Chacun de ces deux systèmes (à une ou deux rangées telles que ci-dessus) présente des inconvénients :  Each of these two systems (one or two rows as above) has drawbacks:
- Les moules du type « Waterhole » à une rangée de trous permettent effectivement d'obtenir un régime de caléfaction à faible débit linéique, mais ils sont très sensibles à la qualité de l'eau. En effet, d'une part le débit linéique minimal accessible avec une seule rangée de trous n'est pas aussi faible que lorsque la moitié seulement des trous arrose le produit, comme dans les moules de « Wagstaff Inc. » commercialisés sous les noms de « Epsilon™ » ou « LHC™ » (ce dernier à insert en graphite sur les faces travaillantes). Par conséquent le point de fonctionnement de ces moules à une rangée de trous est, par construction, plus proche de la transition vers l'ébullition nucléée, soit du point dit de Leidenfrost sur la courbe de Nukiyama connue de l'homme du métier, c'est-à-dire qu'une faible variation de débit le long du moule, de température de l'eau ou de qualité de l'eau, peut aisément faire basculer le point de fonctionnement de la caléfaction vers l'ébullition nucléée. C'est pourquoi ces moules ne peuvent pas être correctement utilisés lorsque l'eau est trop froide, ou lorsque elle est sujette à des variations saisonnières de qualité. - The "Waterhole" type molds with a row of holes actually make it possible to obtain a heating regime with low linear flow, but they are very sensitive to the quality of the water. On the one hand, the minimum accessible linear flow rate with a single row of holes is not as low as when only half of the holes water the product, as in the "Wagstaff Inc." molds marketed under the names of "Epsilon ™" or "LHC ™" (the latter with a graphite insert on the working faces). Therefore, the operating point of these one-row hole molds is, by construction, closer to the transition to nucleate boiling, or the so-called Leidenfrost point on the Nukiyama curve known to those skilled in the art. that is, a small variation in flow rate along the mold, water temperature, or water quality can easily tip the operating point of the calefaction toward nucleate boiling. This is why these molds can not be used properly when the water is too cold, or when it is subject to seasonal variations in quality.
- Les moules à refroidissement séquentiel (« Epsilon™ » et « LHC™ » de « Wagstaff Inc. ») sont, quant à eux, beaucoup moins sensibles à la qualité de l'eau, car leur point de fonctionnement est plus éloigné du point de Leidenfrost du fait du très faible débit de démarrage lorsque seulement la moitié des trous arrose le produit, qui plus est à faible incidence. Cependant cette technologie présente plusieurs inconvénients :  - The sequential cooling molds ("Epsilon ™" and "LHC ™" from "Wagstaff Inc.") are much less sensitive to water quality because their operating point is farther from the point Leidenfrost because of the very low start-up rate when only half of the holes watered the product, moreover at low incidence. However, this technology has several disadvantages:
^ - Le premier inconvénient de cette technologie, qui revendique explicitement la différenciation entre le premier et le deuxième régime d'arrosage, est le phénomène de double cambrure. En effet, une première cambrure se produit lors du démarrage avec la première rangée de jets à incidence de 22°. Mais une seconde cambrure se produit lors de l'activation des jets à 45°. Il faut savoir que le phénomène mécanique de cambrure ne s'arrête pas brusquement, mais continue à faire sentir ses effets jusque tard au cours de la coulée, soit à lm de longueur de coulée et plus. Ce système d'arrosage séquentiel contribue à allonger significativement ce régime transitoire mécanique de cambrure. Lors du laminage à chaud ultérieur de la plaque, cela se traduit par un risque de fissuration entre la première et la deuxième cambrure et aux rebuts de laminage qui en découlent. Ainsi les moules de l'art antérieur ont ils été optimisés sur le seul critère du recouvrement à la coulée et pas sur le comportement au laminage des pieds de plaque ainsi formés. The first disadvantage of this technology, which explicitly claims the differentiation between the first and the second watering regime, is the phenomenon of double camber. Indeed, a first camber occurs when starting with the first row of jets at 22 ° incidence. But a second camber occurs when activating jets at 45 °. It should be known that the mechanical phenomenon of camber does not stop abruptly, but continues to make its effects until late during the casting, ie 1 meter casting length and more. This sequential watering system contributes to significantly extend this mechanical transient camber. During the subsequent hot rolling of the plate, this results in a risk of cracking between the first and second camber and scrap rolling resulting therefrom. Thus the molds of the prior art have been optimized on the sole criterion of the lap to the casting and not on the rolling behavior of the plate feet thus formed.
- Le deuxième inconvénient a trait au bombé de pied, prolongé du fait du très faible débit d'arrosage pendant la première phase de démarrage de coulée.  - The second disadvantage relates to the crown of foot, extended because of the very low flow of watering during the first phase of start casting.
- Le troisième inconvénient est l'incompatibilité de cette technologie avec la coulée d'alliages dits durs. En effet, ceux ci sont souvent caractérisés par une forte sensibilité à la crique à chaud d'une part, et par le fait que des contraintes très élevées y apparaissent rapidement lors du refroidissement. Il est impératif de limiter tous les gradients de température locaux qui peuvent se traduire par des contraintes internes localement très élevées. Or, d'une part la phase d'arrosage à très faible débit est propice à la crique à chaud, et ce pour deux raisons : le temps excessif passé par le métal de surface dans la zone dangereuse de fraction solidifiée (présence d'une fraction liquide résiduelle fragilisante) avant l'impact situé très bas des jets à 22°, et l'espacement excessif entre les jets à 22° qui créent des gradients thermiques locaux propices à l'initiation de criques, d'autre part l'application brutale d'un deuxième arrosage à forte incidence après le régime à faible incidence crée précisément les conditions d'apparition d'un gradient thermique local très élevé et des contraintes qui l'accompagnent. - The third disadvantage is the incompatibility of this technology with the casting of so-called hard alloys. Indeed, these are often characterized by a high sensitivity to hot crack on the one hand, and by the fact that very high stresses appear quickly during cooling. It is imperative to limit all local temperature gradients that can result in locally high internal stresses. On the one hand, the very low flow watering phase is conducive to hot cracking, for two reasons: the excessive time spent by the surface metal in the danger zone of solidified fraction (presence of a fragilizing residual liquid fraction) before the very low impact of the jets at 22 °, and the excessive spacing between the jets at 22 ° which create local thermal gradients conducive to the initiation of cracks, on the other hand the application The abrupt second high incidence of watering after the low incidence regime creates precisely the conditions of occurrence of a very high local thermal gradient and the constraints that accompany it.
Problème posé Problem
La présente invention se propose d'apporter une solution au problème de double cambrure et de qualité du pied de plaque, sans les inconvénients qui ont été notés pour les solutions existantes, entre autres et en particulier pour les alliages durs.The present invention proposes to provide a solution to the problem of double camber and quality of the plate foot, without the disadvantages that have been noted for existing solutions, among others and in particular for hard alloys.
Elle vise à optimiser le démarrage de la coulée non seulement sur un critère de recouvrement lors du démarrage, mais aussi sur un critère d'aptitude à la transformation ultérieure par laminage à chaud. It aims to optimize the start of the casting not only on a recovery criterion during startup, but also on a criterion of suitability for further processing by hot rolling.
Elle vise également à élargir le domaine d'applicabilité à tous les types d'alliages d'aluminium. It also aims to broaden the field of applicability to all types of aluminum alloys.
On notera à ce titre que tous les alliages d'aluminium dont il est question dans ce qui suit sont désignés, sauf mention contraire, selon les désignations définies par Γ « Aluminum Association » dans les « Registration Record Séries » qu'elle publie régulièrement.  It will be noted in this respect that all the aluminum alloys referred to below are designated, unless otherwise indicated, according to the designations defined by the "Aluminum Association" in the "Registration Record Series" which it publishes regularly.
Objet de l'invention Object of the invention
L'invention a pour objet un dispositif de refroidissement d'un moule de coulée semi continue verticale à refroidissement direct de plaques de laminage ou billettes de filage (3), constitué de deux rangées de trous, disposées sur l'ensemble du périmètre interne de la cavité du moule, dans sa partie inférieure de sortie de la plaque ou billette (3), chacune des rangées de trous étant située à proximité d'un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe vertical dudit moule, caractérisé en ce que : The subject of the invention is a device for cooling a direct-cooling vertical semi-continuous casting mold of rolling plates or spinning billets (3), consisting of two rows of holes, arranged over the entire internal perimeter of the cavity of the mold, in its lower part of the exit of the plate or billet (3), each of the rows of holes being located near a plane perpendicular to the vertical axis of said mold, characterized in that:
a) Les deux rangées de trous sont reliées à une seule et même chambre de liquide de refroidissement (2) aménagée dans le corps dudit moule,  a) the two rows of holes are connected to one and the same coolant chamber (2) arranged in the body of said mold,
b) La première rangée desdits trous, soit la plus haute dans le moule vertical, ou encore la plus en amont pour ce qui est de la distribution du liquide, est reliée à ladite chambre (2) au moyen de canaux permettant la projection (4) dudit liquide de refroidissement sur ladite plaque ou billette (3) avec un angle d'incidence de 32 +13/-5, et de préférence ± 5, degrés par rapport à l'axe vertical du moule,  b) The first row of said holes, either the highest in the vertical mold, or the most upstream in terms of liquid distribution, is connected to said chamber (2) by means of projection channels (4). ) of said coolant on said plate or billet (3) with an angle of incidence of 32 + 13 / -5, and preferably ± 5, degrees with respect to the vertical axis of the mold,
c) La deuxième rangée desdits trous, soit la plus basse dans le moule vertical, ou encore la plus en aval pour ce qui est de la distribution du liquide, est reliée à ladite chambre (2) au moyen de canaux permettant la projection (5) dudit liquide de refroidissement sur ladite plaque ou billette (3) avec un angle d'incidence de 22 ± 5 degrés par rapport à l'axe vertical du moule,  c) The second row of said holes, the lowest in the vertical mold, or the most downstream in terms of liquid distribution, is connected to said chamber (2) by means of projection channels (5). ) said coolant on said plate or billet (3) with an angle of incidence of 22 ± 5 degrees with respect to the vertical axis of the mold,
d) Les trous de la deuxième rangée, la plus basse ou encore en aval pour ce qui est de la distribution du liquide, sont disposés sensiblement sur la médiatrice de l'intervalle entre deux trous de la première rangée, soit la plus haute ou la plus en amont, relativement à l'axe vertical du moule.  d) The holes of the second row, the lowest or the downstream in terms of the distribution of the liquid, are arranged substantially on the median of the interval between two holes of the first row, either the highest or the lowest further upstream relative to the vertical axis of the mold.
Selon un mode de réalisation préférée, les deux rangées de trous et lesdits canaux sont organisés par rapport à la chambre de liquide de refroidissement (2) pour pouvoir distribuer simultanément ledit liquide avec des débits et des vitesses sensiblement égaux sur les deux rangées de trous, tant pendant la phase de démarrage que pendant le régime permanent de la coulée. Ceci est obtenu en utilisant des trous de diamètre sensiblement égaux sur une même rangée et entre les deux rangées. De préférence, les deux rangées de trous dudit dispositif de refroidissement sont disposées l'une par rapport à l'autre de façon à produire des jets (4 et 5) qui, s'ils sont tendus, forment, à tout instant de la coulée, tant pendant le démarrage que pendant le régime permanent, des impacts sur la surface sensiblement verticale contenant la face travaillante du moule, espacés l'un de l'autre d'une distance comprise entre 10 et 40 mm selon la direction verticale.  According to a preferred embodiment, the two rows of holes and said channels are organized with respect to the coolant chamber (2) to be able to simultaneously distribute said liquid with flow rates and substantially equal speeds on the two rows of holes, both during the start phase and during the steady state of casting. This is achieved by using substantially equal diameter holes in the same row and between the two rows. Preferably, the two rows of holes of said cooling device are arranged relative to each other so as to produce jets (4 and 5) which, if they are stretched, form, at any moment of the casting both during startup and during steady state, impacts on the substantially vertical surface containing the working face of the mold, spaced from each other by a distance of between 10 and 40 mm in the vertical direction.
Encore préférentiellement, le diamètre de chacun desdits trous de chaque rangée est de 3 ± 1 mm. Avantageusement, l'espacement entre deux trous adjacents sur une même rangée est compris entre 10 et 30 mm. Even more preferentially, the diameter of each of said holes in each row is 3 ± 1 mm. Advantageously, the spacing between two adjacent holes on the same row is between 10 and 30 mm.
L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de mise en œuvre dudit dispositif de refroidissement tel que décrit auparavant pour la coulée semi-continue verticale à refroidissement direct de plaques de laminage ou billettes de filage (3), et tel que le débit total d'eau de refroidissement pour l'ensemble des trous des deux rangées, soit le débit quittant la chambre de liquide de refroidissement (2), est compris entre 0.3 et 0.8 1/min par cm linéaire de périmètre de moule, au début de la phase transitoire de démarrage de la coulée, phase pendant laquelle le débit de liquide de refroidissement et la vitesse de coulée n'ont pas atteint leur valeur de régime permanent telle que décrite au paragraphe « État de la technique », puis est porté au débit voulu pour le régime permanent de coulée typiquement de 1 1/cm/min ou plus.  The invention also relates to a method of implementing said cooling device as described above for the direct cooling vertical semi-continuous casting of rolling plates or spinning billets (3), and such that the total flow rate of cooling water for all the holes in the two rows, ie the flow leaving the coolant chamber (2), is between 0.3 and 0.8 l / min per linear cm of mold perimeter, at the beginning of the phase transient start of the casting, phase during which the coolant flow rate and the casting speed have not reached their steady state value as described in paragraph "State of the art", then is brought to the desired flow rate for the steady state casting typically 1 1 / cm / min or more.
Plus préférentiellement, ledit débit d'eau au début de la phase transitoire de démarrage de la coulée est compris entre 0.4 et 0.6 1/cm/min. More preferably, said flow of water at the beginning of the transitional start phase of the casting is between 0.4 and 0.6 1 / cm / min.
De manière avantageuse, le liquide de refroidissement est amené simultanément sur l'ensemble des trous des deux rangées pendant la phase de démarrage de la coulée, de telle sorte que le phénomène de cambrure se produit de manière progressive, répartie et continue, tout en étant minimisé du fait du débit dudit liquide. Advantageously, the cooling liquid is fed simultaneously to all the holes of the two rows during the starting phase of the casting, so that the camber phenomenon occurs gradually, distributed and continuous, while being minimized by the flow of said liquid.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, le procédé de mise en œuvre dudit dispositif de refroidissement pour la coulée semi-continue verticale de plaques de laminage (3) utilise un moule de coulée muni d'un faux fond plat dont les rebords sont compris dans un plan sensiblement horizontal. According to a particular embodiment, the method of implementation of said cooling device for the vertical semi-continuous casting of rolling plates (3) uses a casting mold provided with a false flat bottom whose edges are included in a substantially horizontal plane.
Selon un mode de réalisation encore plus avantageux, il utilise un moule de coulée muni d'un faux fond galbé, ou encore un moule de coulée muni d'un faux fond plat avec rebord incurvé, de manière, dans les deux cas, à ce que le milieu des faces du produit soit soumis, pendant la phase de démarrage de la coulée, au refroidissement direct par le liquide de refroidissement avant que les régions de la face de laminage les plus éloignées du milieu de face ne soient encore sorties du moule.  According to an even more advantageous embodiment, it uses a casting mold provided with a curved false bottom, or a casting mold provided with a false flat bottom with curved rim, so, in both cases, to that the middle of the faces of the product is subjected, during the starting phase of the casting, to the direct cooling by the cooling liquid before the regions of the rolling face furthest from the middle of the face have not yet left the mold.
Enfin, ledit procédé de mise en œuvre dudit dispositif de refroidissement pour la coulée semi-continue verticale à refroidissement direct de plaques de laminage ou billettes de filage (3) peut utiliser un moule de coulée muni, sur sa surface travaillante, d'un insert en graphite (1). Description des figures Finally, said method of implementing said cooling device for the direct cooling vertical semi-continuous casting of rolling plates or spinning billets (3) can use a casting mold provided on its working surface with an insert in graphite (1). Description of figures
La figure 1 représente la longueur de caléfaction en millimètres, obtenue dans le cas de l'exemple 1, en fonction du débit linéique initial de démarrage de la coulée, en 1/cm de périmètre de moule et par minute, pour trois types de moules de même format 2600 x 350 mm: FIG. 1 represents the length of calefaction in millimeters, obtained in the case of example 1, as a function of the initial starting flow rate of the casting, in 1 / cm of perimeter of mold and per minute, for three types of molds the same format 2600 x 350 mm:
Un moule à une seule rangée de trous à incidence de jet de 30° (repéré 30, symboles carrés),  A single-row 30 ° pitch patterned hole mold (labeled 30, square symbols),
Un moule à deux rangées de trous à incidences respectivement de 45 et 22° activés simultanément (repéré 45/22, symboles circulaires)  A mold with two rows of holes respectively 45 and 22 ° simultaneously activated (marked 45/22, circular symbols)
Un moule à deux rangées de trous à incidences respectivement de 32 et 22°, selon l'invention (repéré 32/22, astérisques).  A mold with two rows of holes respectively incidence 32 and 22 °, according to the invention (marked 32/22, asterisks).
La figure 2 représente la variation de la température de surface des plaques de l'exemple 1, mesurée sensiblement à mi-largeur en sortie du moule, en °C, en fonction du même débit et pour les mêmes moules repérés de la même façon que précédemment. FIG. 2 represents the variation of the surface temperature of the plates of example 1, measured substantially at the mid-width at the outlet of the mold, in ° C., as a function of the same flow rate and for the same molds identified in the same way as previously.
On y distingue trois zones : la zone I sans caléfaction, la zone II à caléfaction stable et bonne santé du pied de coulée, la zone III avec caléfaction mais fissuration à chaud du pied.  There are three zones: zone I without heating, zone II with stable heating and good health of the foot, zone III with heating but hot cracking of the foot.
La figure 3 représente l'évolution de la cambrure, obtenue dans le cas de l'exemple 1, en millimètres, en fonction du débit linéique initial de démarrage de la coulée, en 1/cm linéaire de périmètre de moule et par minute, pour trois types de moules identiques aux précédents et repérés de la même façon. FIG. 3 represents the evolution of the camber, obtained in the case of example 1, in millimeters, as a function of the initial starting flow rate of the casting, in 1 / linear cm of mold perimeter and per minute, for three types of molds identical to the previous ones and marked in the same way.
La figure 4 représente la taille des cellules de solidification, en μηι, en fonction de la distance à la peau de coulée, en mm, obtenues en régime permanent sur une plaque de l'exemple 2. Les symboles en astérisque sont relatifs au moule à deux rangées de trous d'incidences 32° et 22° et à insert graphite, selon l'invention, les symboles en cercle à un moule LHC™ de « Wagstaff » à deux rangées de trous d'incidences 45° et 22°. La figure 5 représente les formes typiques de bandes obtenues par laminage à chaud d'un pied de plaque (seule une demi-largeur est dessinée), à gauche à partir d'une plaque coulée avec un moule selon l'invention, à droite avec un moule LHC™ de « Wagstaff » 45/22 à refroidissement séquentiel pendant la phase de démarrage de constitution du pied. FIG. 4 represents the size of the solidification cells, in μηι, as a function of the distance to the casting skin, in mm, obtained in steady state on a plate of example 2. The symbols in asterisk relate to the mold to two rows of 32 ° and 22 ° incidence and graphite insert holes, according to the invention, the symbols in a circle of a LHC ™ mold of "Wagstaff" with two rows of 45 ° and 22 ° incidence holes. FIG. 5 represents the typical shapes of strips obtained by hot rolling of a plate foot (only half a width is drawn), on the left from a cast plate with a mold according to the invention, on the right with a sequentially cooled LHC ™ mold of "Wagstaff" 45/22 during the boot phase of boot constitution.
La figure 6 représente une vue en coupe d'un moule selon l'invention, muni d'un insert en graphite 1 sur la face travaillante, son unique chambre à eau en 2, la plaque coulée 3 étant représentée à l'extrémité gauche inférieure de la coupe, en grisé uniforme, avec les deux faisceaux incidents à 32 et 22° de liquide de refroidissement, respectivement 4 et 5. FIG. 6 represents a sectional view of a mold according to the invention, provided with a graphite insert 1 on the working face, its single water chamber at 2, the cast plate 3 being represented at the lower left end; of the cut, in gray uniform, with the two beams incident at 32 and 22 ° of coolant, respectively 4 and 5.
Dans ce mode de réalisation, la chambre comporte une cloison ou diaphragme 6, muni(e) d'au moins un orifice 7 de façon à régulariser le débit de liquide délivré. Description de l'invention  In this embodiment, the chamber comprises a septum or diaphragm 6, provided with at least one orifice 7 so as to regulate the delivered liquid flow. Description of the invention
Pour que le produit soit tout d'abord arrosé par un débit très faible, on utilise le système de deux rangées de jets. For the product to be first watered by a very low flow rate, the system of two rows of jets is used.
Mais la demanderesse a constaté qu'il suffit de diviser le débit entre deux rangées de jets activées simultanément pour obtenir l'effet de caléfaction souhaité. Point n'est besoin d'une activation séquentielle des deux rangées de jets (4 et 5). Elles sont donc activées simultanément afin d'éviter l'inconvénient noté pour l'arrosage séquentiel, à savoir un phénomène trop marqué de double cambrure et la prolongation exagérée du régime mécanique transitoire de démarrage qui donne naissance à un bombé de pied prolongé.  But the Applicant has found that it is sufficient to divide the flow between two rows of jets activated simultaneously to obtain the desired effect of calefaction. There is no need for sequential activation of the two rows of jets (4 and 5). They are therefore activated simultaneously to avoid the disadvantage noted for sequential watering, namely a too marked phenomenon of double camber and the exaggerated prolongation of the transient mechanical start-up which gives rise to an extended crown of foot.
L'angle d'incidence des jets est un paramètre essentiel de l'invention.  The angle of incidence of the jets is an essential parameter of the invention.
L'incidence de la première rangée de jets qui arrose le produit est la plus directe. Or la demanderesse a constaté que plus cette incidence est directe, moins le domaine de débits dans lequel la caléfaction est stable est étendu. La première rangée de jets (4) qui arrose le produit doit donc avoir une incidence de l'ordre de 32 +13 -5, et de préférence 32 ± 5°, pour permettre l'établissement d'un régime stable de caléfaction. La deuxième rangée de jets (5) doit donc avoir une incidence encore plus faible, et telle que la distance d'impact entre les deux rangées de jets soit suffisante pour que le régime de caléfaction ait le temps de s'établir. Deux rangées de jets trop proches sont en fait équivalentes à une rangée unique de jets. Typiquement la deuxième rangée de jets (5) a une incidence de l'ordre de 22 ± 5° de façon à ce que la distance verticale entre les impacts des jets issus de chacune des deux rangées soit comprise entre 10 et 40 mm. The incidence of the first row of jets watering the product is the most direct. However, the Applicant has found that the more this impact is direct, the less the flow range in which the caulking is stable is extended. The first row of jets (4) which waters the product must therefore have an incidence of the order of 32 + 13 -5, and preferably 32 ± 5 °, to allow the establishment of a steady state of heating. The second row of jets (5) must therefore have an even lower incidence, and such that the impact distance between the two rows of jets is sufficient for the The heating regime has time to establish itself. Two rows of jets too close are in fact equivalent to a single row of jets. Typically the second row of jets (5) has an incidence of the order of 22 ± 5 ° so that the vertical distance between the impacts of the jets from each of the two rows is between 10 and 40 mm.
Ainsi obtient-on un effet de trempe progressive spatialement avec un refroidissement modéré, obtenu par une première rangée, puis par une deuxième rangée de jets une vingtaine de millimètres plus bas. La progressivité spatiale de la trempe peut être améliorée dans le sens latéral par l'utilisation de faux fonds galbés ou à rebords incurvés.  Thus, a spatially progressive tempering effect is obtained with moderate cooling, obtained by a first row, then by a second row of jets some twenty millimeters below. The spatial progressivity of quenching can be improved in the lateral direction by the use of false curved bottoms or with curved flanges.
Mais l'invention consiste aussi à obtenir un effet de trempe progressive temporellement, grâce à une augmentation progressive et simultanée du débit d'eau sur les deux rangées de jets, qui permet d'éviter le phénomène particulièrement marqué de double cambrure inhérent à la technologie de jets séquentiels.  But the invention also consists in obtaining a temporally progressive quenching effect, thanks to a gradual and simultaneous increase in the flow of water on the two rows of jets, which makes it possible to avoid the particularly marked phenomenon of double camber inherent in the technology. sequential jets.
Cela permet également de guérir les points de faiblesse vis-à-vis de la crique à chaud qui sont situés entre les jets de la première rangée du fait de leur espacement. Ces points chauds sont rapidement refroidis par la deuxième série de jets à faible incidence, disposés sensiblement sur la médiatrice de l'intervalle entre les jets de la première rangée, ce qui permet une trempe progressive de la surface du métal. This also helps to cure the weak points with respect to the hot crack which are located between the jets of the first row because of their spacing. These hot spots are rapidly cooled by the second series of low incidence jets disposed substantially on the mediator of the gap between the jets of the first row, which allows a gradual quenching of the surface of the metal.
La demanderesse a constaté que l'utilisation de rangées de jets d'incidence 32° et 22° permettait d'obtenir un régime de caléfaction stable pour des eaux froides (jusqu'à 10°C) et pour des débits linéiques significativement plus élevés (jusqu'à 0.6 1/cm/min) que pour les technologies existantes. Le régime de démarrage obtenu est ainsi extrêmement robuste, garantissant un taux de recouvrement proche de 100 % à la coulée. Il a de plus été montré lors du laminage à chaud de plaques non sciées l'absence complète de criques en extrémité et en rives, grâce à l'intégrité de la semelle et à l'absence de perturbation de la section liée à un phénomène exagéré de double cambrure. The Applicant has found that the use of rows of 32 ° and 22 ° incidence jets allowed to obtain a stable heating regime for cold water (up to 10 ° C) and for significantly higher linear flow rates ( up to 0.6 1 / cm / min) for existing technologies. The starting speed obtained is thus extremely robust, guaranteeing a recovery rate close to 100% at casting. It has also been shown during hot rolling of unscored slabs the complete absence of end and edge cracks, thanks to the integrity of the sole and the absence of disturbance of the section related to an exaggerated phenomenon. double camber.
La demanderesse a de plus constaté que, lors de la coulée d'alliages durs, les fentes de surface en régime permanent, observées dans le cas d'un moule à simple rangée de jets, sont éliminées avec un moule à deux rangées de jets à 32° et 22° d'incidence. Dans ses détails, l'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide des exemples ci-après, qui n'ont toutefois pas de caractère limitatif. The Applicant has furthermore found that, during the casting of hard alloys, the steady-state surface slits, observed in the case of a single-row jet mold, are eliminated with a two-row mold of jet jets. 32 ° and 22 ° of incidence. In its details, the invention will be better understood with the aid of the following examples, which are however not limiting in nature.
Exemples Examples
Exemple 1 Example 1
Des plaques de laminage au format 2600 mm x 350 mm en alliage du type AA7449 ont été coulées avec des moules à trous pour refroidissement par eau (« Waterhole ») de différents types : 267 mm x 350 mm AA7449 type alloy rolling plates were cast with waterhole dies for various types:
Un moule à une seule rangée horizontale de trous de diamètre 3.2 mm espacés entre eux de 6 mm, avec une incidence de jet d'eau de refroidissement sur la plaque en sortie de moule de 30° par rapport à l'axe vertical. Des débits linéiques d'eau de refroidissement, au démarrage de la coulée, de 0.45 à 0.51 1 par cm linéaire de périmètre de moule /min. ont été testés. Le débit a ensuite été accru pour atteindre 1 1/cm/min. en régime permanent.  A mold with a single horizontal row of holes of 3.2 mm diameter spaced apart by 6 mm, with a cooling water jet incidence on the plate at the outlet of the mold by 30 ° with respect to the vertical axis. Linear flow rates of cooling water, at casting start, from 0.45 to 0.51 1 per linear cm of mold perimeter / min. have been tested. The flow rate was then increased to 1 1 / cm / min. in steady state.
Un moule à deux rangées de trous horizontales superposées, activées simultanément, tous les trous ayant un diamètre de 3.2 mm et étant espacés entre eux sur chaque rangée de 12 mm, et tel que les impacts des jets issus de ces deux rangées soient distants les uns des autres selon l'axe vertical de 18 mm, chacun des trous de la rangée inférieure étant disposé sensiblement sur la médiatrice de l'intervalle entre deux trous de la rangée supérieure.  A mold with two rows of superposed horizontal holes, activated simultaneously, all the holes having a diameter of 3.2 mm and being spaced from each other on each row of 12 mm, and such that the impacts of the jets issuing from these two rows are distant from each other. others according to the vertical axis of 18 mm, each of the holes of the lower row being disposed substantially on the perpendicular of the interval between two holes of the upper row.
L'incidence, ici simultanée, des jets d'eau de refroidissement sur la plaque en sortie de moule, était de 45° et 22° par rapport à l'axe vertical.  The simultaneous incidence of the cooling water jets on the mold outlet plate was 45 ° and 22 ° with respect to the vertical axis.
Des débits linéiques totaux (soit pour l'ensemble des trous des deux rangées) d'eau de refroidissement, au démarrage de la coulée, de 0.55 à 0.60 1 par cm linéaire de périmètre de moule /min. ont été testés. Le débit a ensuite été accru pour atteindre 1Total flow rates (either for all the holes of the two rows) cooling water, at the start of the casting, 0.55 to 0.60 1 per linear cm of perimeter of mold / min. have been tested. The flow was then increased to 1
1/cm/min. en régime permanent. 1 / cm / min. in steady state.
Un moule selon l'invention, à deux rangées de trous horizontales superposées, tous les trous ayant un diamètre de 3.2 mm et étant espacés entre eux sur chaque rangée de 12 mm, chacun des trous de la rangée inférieure étant disposé sensiblement sur la médiatrice de l'intervalle entre deux trous de la rangée supérieure. Les incidences des jets d'eau de refroidissement, activés simultanément, sur la plaque en sortie de moule étaient de 32° et 22° par rapport à l'axe vertical créant des impacts séparés verticalement d'une distance de 18 mm. A mold according to the invention, with two rows of superposed horizontal holes, all the holes having a diameter of 3.2 mm and being spaced from each other on each row of 12 mm, each of the holes of the lower row being disposed substantially on the perpendicular bisector. the interval between two holes in the upper row. The incidences of the cooling water jets, activated simultaneously, on the plate at the outlet of the mold were 32 ° and 22 ° with respect to the vertical axis creating impacts separated vertically by a distance of 18 mm.
Des débits linéiques totaux (soit pour l'ensemble des trous des deux rangées) d'eau de refroidissement, au démarrage de la coulée, de 0.45 à 0.60 1 par cm linéaire de périmètre de moule /min. ont été testés. Le débit a ensuite été accru pour atteindre 1 1/cm/min. en régime permanent.  Total flow rates (for all the holes of the two rows) of cooling water, at start of the casting, 0.45 to 0.60 1 per linear cm of mold perimeter / min. have been tested. The flow rate was then increased to 1 1 / cm / min. in steady state.
La température de l'eau de refroidissement était de 15 ± 2°C dans les trois cas. On a mesuré dans tous les cas la longueur de caléfaction en sortie de moule par la méthode connue sous le nom de « ISTM » (« Ingot Surface Température Measurement ») qui consiste à mesurer la température de surface de la plaque en piquant un thermocouple de contact sur ladite surface sous l'impact du jet inférieur de refroidissement, à enregistrer la température au cours d'une descente de 5 mm de la plaque, puis à renouveler l'opération tout au long de la phase transitoire de démarrage de la coulée.  The temperature of the cooling water was 15 ± 2 ° C in all three cases. In all cases, the length of calefaction at the outlet of the mold was measured by the method known under the name of "ISTM" ("Ingot Surface Temperature Measurement"), which consists of measuring the surface temperature of the plate by pricking a thermocouple of contact on said surface under the impact of the lower jet of cooling, to record the temperature during a descent of 5 mm from the plate, then to repeat the operation throughout the transitional phase start casting.
La courbe de température en fonction de la longueur de plaque coulée présente un palier à partir de l'origine dont la fin relativement brutale correspond à la fin de la caléfaction pour une longueur correspondant à la « longueur de caléfaction » reportée en ordonnée en figure 1 en fonction du débit linéique de démarrage.  The temperature curve as a function of the cast plate length has a bearing from the origin whose relatively abrupt end corresponds to the end of the caulking for a length corresponding to the "heating length" reported on the ordinate in FIG. depending on the starting linear flow rate.
On note que la caléfaction n'est obtenue, pour un moule à simple rangée de jets à incidence de 30° (repère 30), que pour un débit linéique de démarrage inférieur ou égal à 0.45 1/cm/min. Dans le cas des moules à double rangée de jets (repéré 45/22 et selon l'invention repéré 32/22) celle-ci peut être obtenue pour des débits linéiques de démarrage jusqu'à 0.6 1/cm/min.  It is noted that the calefaction is obtained, for a mold with a single row of jets with an incidence of 30 ° (mark 30), only for a linear starting flow rate less than or equal to 0.45 1 / cm / min. In the case of molds with a double row of jets (marked 45/22 and according to the invention marked 32/22) this can be obtained for linear starting rates up to 0.6 1 / cm / min.
Ainsi, pour une température d'eau donnée, les moules à double rangée de jets (activés simultanément) permettent d'obtenir une caléfaction stable pour des débits de démarrage plus élevés qu'un moule à simple rangée de jets. Il n'y a pas d'influence significative des angles d'incidence sur la longueur coulée affectée par la caléfaction au démarrage. On a également mesuré la température de surface des plaques, sensiblement à mi largeur en sortie de moule, par la méthode connue sous le nom de « ISTM » déjà mentionnée. Thus, for a given water temperature, the double row of jet molds (activated simultaneously) make it possible to obtain stable stagnation at higher start-up rates than a single-row jet mold. There is no significant influence of the angles of incidence on the cast length affected by the start-up temperature. The surface temperature of the plates, substantially mid-width at the outlet of the mold, was also measured by the method known under the name of "ISTM" already mentioned.
Sa valeur est reportée en ordonnée, toujours en fonction du débit linéique de démarrage et pour les même moules que ci-dessus, en figure 2, où l'on distingue trois zones : la zone I sans caléfaction, la zone II à caléfaction stable et bonne santé du pied de coulée, la zone III avec caléfaction mais fissuration à chaud du pied.  Its value is plotted on the ordinate, again as a function of the starting linear flow rate and for the same molds as above, in FIG. 2, where three zones are distinguished: zone I without heating, zone II with stable heating and good health of the foot of the foot, the zone III with calming but hot cracking of the foot.
On note que cette température est beaucoup plus stable en fonction du débit d'eau dans le cas du moule à double rangée de jets d'incidences 32° et 22° activés simultanément, selon l'invention (repère 32/22), que dans celui du moule à double rangée de jets d'incidences 45° et 22° activés simultanément (repéré 45/22) qui donne lieu à fissuration à chaud du pied à faible débit (0.55 1/cm/min.), ce qui réduit la plage de fonctionnement à un domaine très restreint, et, dans le cas du moule à simple rangée de jets à 30°, qui ne permet pas d'obtenir de caléfaction stable pour des débits d'eau strictement supérieurs à 0.451/cm/min à cette température d'eau.It should be noted that this temperature is much more stable as a function of the water flow rate in the case of the mold with double row of 32 ° and 22 ° incidence jets activated simultaneously, according to the invention (reference 32/22), than in that of the mold with a double row of 45 ° and 22 ° incidence jets activated simultaneously (marked 45/22) which gives rise to hot cracking of the foot at low flow (0.55 l / cm / min.), which reduces the operating range to a very small area, and, in the case of the single-row 30 ° jet mold, which does not allow to obtain stable stagnation for water flows strictly greater than 0.451 / cm / min at this water temperature.
Cette forte sensibilité de la température de surface du produit au débit linéique de démarrage est attribuée par la demanderesse respectivement à la déstabilisation du film de caléfaction par les jets à 45° et au manque de progressivité du refroidissement dans le cas du moule à simple rangée de jets à 30°. This high sensitivity of the surface temperature of the product at the starting linear flow rate is attributed by the applicant respectively to the destabilization of the heating film by the jets at 45 ° and to the lack of progressive cooling in the case of the single-row mold. jets at 30 °.
Ainsi la configuration des moules de l'art antérieur, à double rangée de jets d'incidences 45° et 22° (repère 45/22) est inadaptée à la coulée d'alliages durs, même en l'absence de séquencement des jets. Thus the configuration of the molds of the prior art, with double rows of jets 45 ° and 22 ° bearings (mark 45/22) is unsuitable for the casting of hard alloys, even in the absence of sequencing jets.
En comparaison le moule selon l'invention (repère 32/22) peut être utilisé pour des débits linéiques entre 0.4 et 0.6 1/cm/min, ce qui est particulièrement avantageux car cette large plage de débits permet notamment de compenser une variation éventuelle de température de l'eau.  In comparison, the mold according to the invention (reference 32/22) can be used for linear flow rates between 0.4 and 0.6 1 / cm / min, which is particularly advantageous because this wide range of flow rates makes it possible in particular to compensate for a possible variation of water temperature.
En résumé, le moule selon l'invention permet d'obtenir une caléfaction stable dans le domaine de températures de surface de produit optimales et dans un large intervalle de débits de démarrage, ce que ne permettent pas les autres types de moule de l'art antérieur.  In summary, the mold according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a stable calefaction in the range of optimum product surface temperatures and in a wide range of start-up rates, which other types of mold of the art do not allow. prior.
Enfin, on a mesuré et enregistré la cambrure obtenue sur la plaque à l'aide d'une « caméra vidéo ». Sa valeur, soit la longueur dont se soulève le bord de la plaque, est reportée en ordonnée en figure 3, toujours en fonction du débit linéique de démarrage et pour les mêmes moules que précédemment. Finally, the camber obtained on the plate was measured and recorded using a "video camera". Its value, the length from which the edge of the plate, is plotted on the ordinate in FIG. 3, again as a function of the linear starting flow rate and for the same molds as previously.
On y relève que la cambrure obtenue avec le moule selon l'invention (repère 32/22) est significativement plus faible que celle obtenue avec les autres moules pour des débits de démarrage inférieurs à 0.6 1/cm/min, ce qui montre l'intérêt de la trempe progressive obtenue avec cette technologie d'arrosage à deux jets simultanés à incidences optimisées.  It is noted that the camber obtained with the mold according to the invention (reference 32/22) is significantly lower than that obtained with the other molds for start rates lower than 0.6 1 / cm / min, which shows the the benefits of progressive quenching achieved with this two-jet watering technology with optimized incidences.
Exemple 2 Example 2
Des plaques de laminage au format 1810 mm x 510 mm en alliage du type AA3104 ont été coulées à la vitesse de 55 mm/min. avec des moules de deux types : 1810 mm x 510 mm alloy rolling plates of the AA3104 type were cast at a speed of 55 mm / min. with molds of two types:
Un moule selon l'invention, à deux rangées de trous horizontales superposées, activées simultanément (incidences 32 et 22°), tous les trous ayant un diamètre de 3.2 mm et étant espacés entre eux sur chaque rangée de 12 mm, et générant des impacts sur le produit distants verticalement d'environ 18mm, chacun des trous de la rangée inférieure étant disposé sur la médiatrice de l'intervalle entre deux trous de la rangée supérieure.  A mold according to the invention, with two rows of superposed horizontal holes, activated simultaneously (bearings 32 and 22 °), all the holes having a diameter of 3.2 mm and being spaced apart on each row of 12 mm, and generating impacts. on the product vertically distant about 18mm, each of the holes of the lower row being arranged on the perpendicular of the interval between two holes of the upper row.
Le moule était muni d'un insert en graphite sur toutes ses surfaces travaillantes.  The mold was equipped with a graphite insert on all its working surfaces.
Un moule LHC™ de « Wagstaff », dont les impacts des jets étaient également distants verticalement de 18 mm.  An LHC ™ mold of "Wagstaff", whose jet impacts were also vertically spaced 18 mm apart.
La température de l'eau de refroidissement était de 15 ± 2°C. The temperature of the cooling water was 15 ± 2 ° C.
On a mesuré, dans la partie de la plaque correspondant au régime permanent de coulée, la taille des cellules de solidification à l'aide de l'algorithme d'analyse d'images p*, à différentes distances de la peau de coulée. The size of the solidification cells was measured in the part of the plate corresponding to the steady state of casting by means of the image analysis algorithm p *, at different distances from the casting skin.
Cet algorithme p* est parfaitement décrit dans les publications de Ph. Jarry, M. Boehm et S. Antoine, « Quantification of spatial distribution of as-cast microstructural features. », Light Metals 2001, New Orléans, TMS. Proceedings édités par J.L. Anjier, ainsi que de Ph. Jarry et A. Johansen, « Characterisation by the p* method of eutectic aggregates spatial distribution in 5xxx and 3xxx aluminium alloys cast in wedge moulds and comparison with sdas measurements. », Solidification of Aluminum Alloys Symposium, Light Metals 2004, Charlotte, TMS. Proceedings édités par Men G. Chu, Douglas A. Granger et Qingyou Han. This p * algorithm is perfectly described in the publications of Ph. Jarry, M. Boehm and S. Antoine, "Quantification of spatial distribution of microstructural as-cast features. Light Metals 2001, New Orleans, TMS. Proceedings edited by JL Anjier, as well as by Ph. Jarry and A. Johansen, "Characterization by the method of eutectic aggregates spatial distribution in 5xxx and 3xxx aluminum alloys cast in wedge molds and comparison with sdas measurements. " Solidification of Aluminum Alloys Symposium, Light Metals 2004, Charlotte, TMS. Proceedings edited by Men G. Chu, Douglas A. Granger and Qingyou Han.
Les résultats sont rapportés en figure 4, présentant la taille des cellules de solidification, en μπι, en fonction de la distance à la peau de coulée, en mm, les symboles en astérisque étant relatifs au moule selon l'invention, les symboles en cercle au moule LHC du type « Wagstaff ». The results are reported in FIG. 4, showing the size of the solidification cells, in μπι, as a function of the distance to the casting skin, in mm, the symbols in asterisk being relative to the mold according to the invention, the symbols in a circle. LHC mold type "Wagstaff".
On y constate que le moule selon l'invention permet d'obtenir une structure de coulée, en périphérie de plaque, présentant des tailles de cellule comparables (à 2 μηι près) à celles obtenues avec le moule LHC™, et une épaisseur de zone corticale semblable, inférieure à 10 mm. La réponse métallurgique obtenue est donc sensiblement identique à celle que permet le moule LHC™.  It can be seen that the mold according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a casting structure, at the periphery of the plate, having cell sizes comparable (to within 2 μηι) to those obtained with the LHC ™ mold, and a zone thickness. cortical similar, less than 10 mm. The metallurgical response obtained is therefore substantially identical to that allowed by the LHC ™ mold.
Exemple 3 Des plaques de laminage aux formats 1670 mm x 610 mm et 1810 mm x 510 mm, en alliage du type AA5182, ont été coulées avec les mêmes configurations de moules que pour l'exemple 2. EXAMPLE 3 1670 mm x 610 mm and 1810 mm x 510 mm format rolling plates, made of AA5182 alloy, were cast with the same mold configurations as for example 2.
Les plaques ont ensuite été laminées à chaud sans sciage des pieds de coulée. Les formes typiques des bandes obtenues sont représentées en demi-largeur en figure 5, à gauche dans le cas de la plaque coulée avec un moule selon l'invention (refroidissement par arrosage à deux jets simultanés à incidences optimisées 32°/22° et insert en graphite sur toutes les faces travaillantes), à droite avec un moule LHC™ de « Wagstaff Inc.» utilisé au démarrage avec un refroidissement séquentiel à 22 puis 45°.  The plates were then hot rolled without sawing the feet. The typical shapes of the strips obtained are shown in half-width in FIG. 5, on the left in the case of the cast plate with a mold according to the invention (cooling with two simultaneous sprays with optimized incidences 32 ° / 22 ° and insert graphite on all working faces), right with an LHC ™ mold of "Wagstaff Inc." used at startup with sequential cooling at 22 and then 45 °.
On y observe que des criques de rives se sont produites dans ce dernier cas en raison des variations de section du produit liées aux deux cambrures générées, pour la première, par la première séquence d'arrosage à 22° d'incidence et, pour la deuxième, par la superposition de la deuxième séquence à 45° d'incidence. La plaque produite par le moule selon l'invention présente une cambrure simple et répartie qui ne génère de ce fait aucune crique lors du laminage à chaud.  It is observed that in this latter case there were shorelines due to product section variations related to the two cambrings generated, for the first time, by the first 22 ° incidence watering sequence and, for the second, by superposition of the second sequence at 45 ° incidence. The plate produced by the mold according to the invention has a simple and distributed camber which therefore generates no crack during hot rolling.

Claims

Revendications Claims
Dispositif de refroidissement d'un moule de coulée semi-continue verticale à refroidissement direct de plaques de laminage ou billettes de filage (3), constitué de deux rangées de trous, disposées sur l'ensemble du périmètre interne de la cavité du moule, dans sa partie inférieure de sortie de la plaque ou billette, chacune des rangées de trous étant située à proximité d'un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe vertical dudit moule, caractérisé en ce que : Device for cooling a semi-continuous vertical casting mold with direct cooling of rolling plates or spinning billets (3), consisting of two rows of holes, arranged over the entire internal perimeter of the mold cavity, in its lower exit part from the plate or billet, each of the rows of holes being located near a plane perpendicular to the vertical axis of said mold, characterized in that:
a) Les deux rangées de trous sont reliées à une seule et même chambre de liquide de refroidissement (2) aménagée dans le corps dudit moule, a) The two rows of holes are connected to a single coolant chamber (2) arranged in the body of said mold,
b) La première rangée desdits trous, soit la plus haute dans le moule vertical, ou encore la plus en amont pour ce qui est de la distribution du liquide, est reliée à ladite chambre (2) au moyen de canaux permettant la projection (4) dudit liquide de refroidissement sur ladite plaque ou billette (3) avec un angle d'incidence de 32 +13/- 5, et de préférence ± 5, degrés par rapport à l'axe vertical du moule, c) La deuxième rangée desdits trous, soit la plus basse dans le moule vertical, ou encore la plus en aval pour ce qui est de la distribution du liquide, est reliée à ladite chambre b) The first row of said holes, either the highest in the vertical mold, or the most upstream in terms of liquid distribution, is connected to said chamber (2) by means of channels allowing projection (4 ) of said coolant on said plate or billet (3) with an angle of incidence of 32 +13/- 5, and preferably ± 5, degrees relative to the vertical axis of the mold, c) The second row of said holes, either the lowest in the vertical mold, or the most downstream in terms of liquid distribution, is connected to said chamber
(2) au moyen de canaux permettant la projection (5) dudit liquide de refroidissement sur ladite plaque ou billette (2) by means of channels allowing the projection (5) of said coolant onto said plate or billet
(3) avec un angle d'incidence de 22 ± 5 degrés par rapport à l'axe vertical du moule, (3) with an angle of incidence of 22 ± 5 degrees relative to the vertical axis of the mold,
d) Les trous de la deuxième rangée, la plus basse ou encore en aval pour ce qui est de la distribution du liquide, sont disposés sensiblement sur la médiatrice de l'intervalle entre deux trous de la première rangée, soit la plus haute ou la plus en amont, relativement à l'axe vertical du moule. d) The holes of the second row, the lowest or downstream with regard to the distribution of the liquid, are arranged substantially on the bisector of the interval between two holes of the first row, either the highest or the further upstream, relative to the vertical axis of the mold.
Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que les dites deux rangées de trous et lesdits canaux sont organisés par rapport à la chambre de liquide de refroidissement (2) pour pouvoir distribuer simultanément ledit liquide avec des débits et des vitesses sensiblement égaux sur les deux rangées de trous, tant pendant la phase de démarrage que pendant le régime permanent de la coulée. Device according to claim 1 characterized in that said two rows of holes and said channels are organized relative to the cooling liquid chamber (2) to be able to simultaneously distribute said liquid with substantially equal flow rates and speeds on the two rows of holes, both during the start-up phase and during the steady state of the casting.
Dispositif de refroidissement selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2 caractérisé en ce que les deux rangées de trous sont disposées l'une par rapport à l'autre de façon à produire des'jets (4 et 5) qui, s'ils sont tendus, forment, à tout instant de la coulée, tant pendant le démarrage que pendant le régime permanent, des impacts sur la surface sensiblement verticale contenant la face travaillante du moule, espacés les uns des autres d'une distance comprise entre 10 et 40 mm selon la direction verticale. Cooling device according to one of claims 1 or 2 characterized in that the two rows of holes are arranged relative to each other in so as to produce jets (4 and 5) which, if they are taut, form, at any moment of the casting, both during start-up and during steady state, impacts on the substantially vertical surface containing the working face of the mold, spaced from each other at a distance of between 10 and 40 mm depending on the vertical direction.
4. Dispositif de refroidissement selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3 caractérisé en ce que le diamètre de chacun desdits trous de chaque rangée est de 3 ± 1 mm. 4. Cooling device according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the diameter of each of said holes in each row is 3 ± 1 mm.
5. Dispositif de refroidissement selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 caractérisé en ce que l'espacement entre deux trous adjacents sur une même rangée est compris entre 10 et 30 mm. 5. Cooling device according to one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that the spacing between two adjacent holes in the same row is between 10 and 30 mm.
6. Procédé de mise en œuvre dudit dispositif de refroidissement, selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5 pour la coulée semi-continue verticale à refroidissement direct de plaques de laminage ou billettes de filage (3), caractérisé en ce que le débit total d'eau de refroidissement pour l'ensemble des trous des deux rangées, soit le débit quittant la chambre de liquide de refroidissement (2), est compris entre 0.3 et 0.8 1/min par cm linéaire de périmètre de moule, au début de la phase transitoire de démarrage de la coulée, c'est-à-dire la phase pendant laquelle le débit de liquide de refroidissement et la vitesse de coulée n'ont pas atteint leur valeur de régime permanent, puis est porté au débit voulu pour le régime permanent de coulée. 6. Method for implementing said cooling device, according to one of claims 1 to 5 for the vertical semi-continuous casting with direct cooling of rolling plates or spinning billets (3), characterized in that the total flow of cooling water for all the holes in the two rows, i.e. the flow rate leaving the cooling liquid chamber (2), is between 0.3 and 0.8 1/min per linear cm of mold perimeter, at the start of the transient phase of casting start, that is to say the phase during which the coolant flow and the casting speed have not reached their steady state value, then is increased to the desired flow rate for the regime permanent casting.
7. Procédé selon la revendication 6 caractérisé en ce que ledit débit d'eau au début de la phase transitoire de démarrage de la coulée est compris entre 0.4 et 0.6 1/cm/min. 7. Method according to claim 6 characterized in that said water flow at the start of the transitional phase of starting the casting is between 0.4 and 0.6 1/cm/min.
8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 6 ou 7 caractérisé en ce que le liquide de refroidissement est amené simultanément sur l'ensemble des trous des deux rangées pendant la phase de démarrage de la coulée. 8. Method according to one of claims 6 or 7 characterized in that the cooling liquid is supplied simultaneously to all of the holes in the two rows during the casting start-up phase.
9. Procédé de mise en œuvre dudit dispositif de refroidissement selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, pour la coulée semi-continue verticale de plaques de laminage (3), caractérisé en ce qu'il utilise un moule de coulée muni d'un faux fond plat dont les rebords sont compris dans un plan sensiblement horizontal. 9. Method for implementing said cooling device according to one of claims 6 to 8, for the vertical semi-continuous casting of rolling plates (3), characterized in that it uses a casting mold provided with a false flat bottom whose edges are included in a substantially horizontal plane.
10. Procédé de mise en œuvre dudit dispositif de refroidissement selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, pour la coulée semi-continue verticale de plaques de laminage (3), caractérisé en ce qu'il utilise un moule de coulée muni d'un faux fond galbé, de manière à ce que le milieu des faces du produit soit soumis, pendant la phase de démarrage de la coulée, au refroidissement direct par le liquide de refroidissement avant que les régions de la face de laminage les plus éloignées du milieu de face ne soient encore sorties du moule. 10. Method for implementing said cooling device according to one of claims 6 to 8, for the vertical semi-continuous casting of rolling plates (3), characterized in that it uses a casting mold provided with a curved false bottom, so that the middle of the faces of the product is subjected, during the start-up phase of the casting, to direct cooling by the cooling liquid before the regions of the rolling face furthest from the middle front have not yet come out of the mold.
1 1. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, pour la coulée semi-continue verticale de plaques de laminage (3), caractérisé en ce qu'il utilise un moule de coulée muni d'un faux fond plat avec rebord incurvé, de manière à ce que le milieu des faces du produit soit soumis, pendant la phase de démarrage de la coulée, au refroidissement direct par le liquide de refroidissement avant que les régions de la face de laminage les plus éloignées du milieu de face ne soient encore sorties du moule. 1 1. Method according to one of claims 6 to 8, for the vertical semi-continuous casting of rolling plates (3), characterized in that it uses a casting mold provided with a false flat bottom with curved rim , so that the middle of the faces of the product is subjected, during the start-up phase of casting, to direct cooling by the coolant before the regions of the rolling face furthest from the middle of the face are still out of the mold.
12. Procédé de mise en œuvre dudit dispositif de refroidissement pour la coulée semi-continue verticale à refroidissement direct de plaques de laminage ou billettes de filage (3) selon l'une des revendications 6 à 1 1 caractérisé en ce qu'il utilise un moule de coulée muni, sur sa surface travaillante, d'un insert en graphite (1). 12. Method for implementing said cooling device for direct-cooling vertical semi-continuous casting of rolling plates or spinning billets (3) according to one of claims 6 to 1 1 characterized in that it uses a casting mold provided, on its working surface, with a graphite insert (1).
EP13706576.9A 2012-01-10 2013-01-08 Double-jet cooling device for semicontinuous vertical casting mould Active EP2802427B1 (en)

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FR1200072A FR2985443B1 (en) 2012-01-10 2012-01-10 DOUBLE-JET COOLING DEVICE FOR VERTICAL SEMI-CONTINUE CASTING MOLD
PCT/FR2013/000008 WO2013104846A1 (en) 2012-01-10 2013-01-08 Double-jet cooling device for semicontinuous vertical casting mould

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CA2861064A1 (en) 2013-07-18
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SI2802427T1 (en) 2017-02-28
US9630244B2 (en) 2017-04-25

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