EP2787140B1 - Flat ceiling in composite wood concrete construction and method for producing such a ceiling - Google Patents

Flat ceiling in composite wood concrete construction and method for producing such a ceiling Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2787140B1
EP2787140B1 EP14152687.1A EP14152687A EP2787140B1 EP 2787140 B1 EP2787140 B1 EP 2787140B1 EP 14152687 A EP14152687 A EP 14152687A EP 2787140 B1 EP2787140 B1 EP 2787140B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plateelement
adhesive
spacers
flat plate
concrete
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Application number
EP14152687.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2787140A1 (en
Inventor
Karl Moser
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MERK TIMBER GmbH
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MERK Timber GmbH
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Publication of EP2787140A1 publication Critical patent/EP2787140A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/023—Separate connecting devices for prefabricated floor-slabs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
    • E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
    • E04B2005/232—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated with special provisions for connecting wooden stiffening ribs or other wooden beam-like formations to the concrete slab
    • E04B2005/237—Separate connecting elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flat ceiling in wood-concrete composite construction according to the preamble of claim 1 and to methods for producing such a flat ceiling.
  • Flat ceilings are uncovered ceilings in which the loads of the ceiling slab are not removed by joists but punctiform by columns, walls and building fixtures such as staircases, elevator shafts and the like.
  • Conventional flat slabs are usually made of reinforced concrete or, for larger spans of more than 9 m, of prestressed concrete.
  • Such concrete flat slabs can be easily formed and manufactured and are characterized by a low structural height, smooth ceiling soffits and the possibility of free routing of installation cables. Difficult in the production of such concrete slabs, however, is the introduction of force at the column head.
  • wood-concrete composite components which can be used for example for ceiling or wall elements. Due to the composite construction of wooden beams or board stacks and a concrete slab, the load capacity and rigidity of the components can be significantly increased compared to conventional beam structures or wood pile ceilings. Furthermore, the susceptibility to vibration of wood-concrete composite structures is much lower than in the known wood structures.
  • a wood cross-section is connected to a flat concrete layer to form a composite component, conventionally used as connecting means such as screws, bolts, nails and nail plates, threaded rods, composite dowels such as dowels or flat iron.
  • the effective bending stiffness of the composite component is essentially dependent on the rigidity of the connecting means used between the wood component and the concrete slab.
  • To achieve a high composite stiffness shifts in the composite joint of the timber component and the concrete slab are to be avoided.
  • the use of conventional fasteners often do not ensure the required shear stiffness in the composite joint.
  • various solutions for producing a shear-resistant composite joint between the wood component and the concrete slab of wood-concrete composite components have been proposed, such as so-called HBV shear connectors. These are perforated expanded metal strips which are glued in the support direction of the wood component in a groove, wherein the wood component protruding part of the thrust connector is anchored in the concrete slab.
  • connection systems for shear-resistant connection of a timber component with a concrete component are from the publications DE 103 51 989 A1 . AT 505265 B1 . DE 20 2009 004 335 U1 and EP 09 52 271 A2 known.
  • pamphlets DE 20 2007 000 957 U1 .
  • WO 2012/135875 A1 and DE 10 2007 055 258 A1 Ceiling elements for buildings are described in wood-concrete composite construction.
  • WO 2007/091899 A1 discloses a flat ceiling in composite construction according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Prefabricated wooden elements can be used in conjunction with an in-situ concrete layer applied on the construction site to produce ceilings in wood-concrete composite construction. It is also known to combine prefabricated wood elements in conjunction with prefabricated reinforced concrete elements. The latter allows a fast construction process due to a high degree of prefabrication of the cover elements. However, it has been found that it is difficult and expensive to combine in particular prefabricated wood and concrete elements on the site by means of the known connection means so that a sufficient shear stiffness of the wood-concrete composite element is ensured.
  • An object of the invention is therefore to show a flat ceiling in wood-concrete composite construction, which in the simplest possible and fast, efficient and cost-saving manner can be produced and has a sufficient shear stiffness between the wood component and the concrete component.
  • the flat sheet according to the invention comprises a bottom plate of a wood material and a top plate of concrete, wherein the bottom plate and the top plate are connected by an adhesive connection and spacers are arranged between the bottom plate and the top plate to the bottom plate and the top plate in a vertical distance from each other hold.
  • the between the lower plate and the top plate due to the spacers forming gap is filled with an adhesive to form the adhesive bond.
  • the flat ceiling according to the invention can be easily and quickly produced on the construction site by the wood base plate and the concrete top plate are each brought as prefabricated components on the site and there shear-resistant connected by means of adhesive bond.
  • the flat ceiling according to the invention present advantageously as prefabricated components present sub-panel made of wood and the useful also present as a prefabricated component top plate made of concrete to the site.
  • the wooden base plate is first laid on vertical supports of the flat ceiling and / or other support elements such as building installations. Thereafter, spacers are mounted on the top of the lower plate, which have a flat, spaced from the top of the lower plate bearing surface.
  • the concrete top plate is placed on the support surface of the spacers before the resulting space between between the lower plate and the top plate is filled with an adhesive to To create the shear-resistant adhesive bond between the lower plate and the top plate.
  • the flat ceiling according to the invention in wood-concrete composite construction characterized by a low weight with high load capacity and shear resistance and by a low susceptibility to vibration and good impact sound.
  • the adhesive bond between the wood base plate and the concrete top plate ensures a high shear stiffness and a high resistance to shear forces.
  • the spacers are pin or bolt-shaped and arranged at a distance from one another and expediently uniformly distributed on the surface of the lower plate.
  • the spacers may alternatively be formed by the lattice walls of a grid which is arranged between the lower plate and the upper plate, wherein the grid may be formed for example of a plastic or a metal grid structure and has grid walls extending between the lower plate and the upper plate in extend vertical direction and limit cavities of the grid. The cavities of the grid are filled to produce the adhesive bond between the lower plate and the top plate with the adhesive.
  • the adhesive is preferably a polyurethane adhesive or an epoxy resin adhesive.
  • adhesives are processed, which in the typical Processing temperatures on the site (usually 0 ° C - 40 ° C) are liquid or viscous and can preferably be processed without pressure pressure.
  • the top plate preferably has ventilation openings, which extend in particular in the vertical direction. As a result of these ventilation openings, when the upper plate is placed on the layer of the adhesive, the air which may possibly still be present in the intermediate space between the lower plate and the upper plate can escape.
  • the lower plate is first placed on the supports of the flat ceiling and provided with the spacers. Thereafter, the top plate is placed on the spacers and the distance between the bottom plate and the top plate forming by the spacers is then filled with an adhesive for producing the adhesive bond between the bottom plate and the top plate.
  • the upper plate expediently has a plurality of filling openings, through which the adhesive is introduced into the intermediate space, in particular pressed in, for example with a cartridge or a compressed air-operated injection device.
  • the spacers are preferably compressible to some extent, for example by 5% -10% at a pressure of 2 bar.
  • the weight of the top plate placed on the spacers leads to the fact that the spacers are compressed and the top plate is pressed due to its own weight on the adhesive layer. As a result, a rapid setting of the adhesive can be ensured under the pressure generated by the weight of the top plate.
  • the intermediate space between the lower plate and the upper plate is expediently divided into chambers by means of a sealing profile.
  • the sealing profile is preferably compressible.
  • the subdivision of the gap into chambers allows a uniform and complete backfilling of the gap between the lower plate and the upper plate.
  • the chambers formed by the sealing profile are suitably filled in sequence with the adhesive. Due to the compressibility of the sealing profile is also here when placing the top plate compression of the Sealing profile, so that the weight of the top plate exerts pressure on the adhesive layer.
  • the spacers between the lower plate and the upper plate are expediently formed by the sealing profile itself.
  • additional spacers such as pins or bolts may be provided.
  • Both the lower plate and the upper plate can be made of a plurality of juxtaposed beam or board-shaped components made of wood or concrete. Adjacent components are expediently connected to one another by means of fastening means.
  • FIG. 1 an intermediate stage of a method for producing a flat ceiling according to the invention is shown in wood-concrete composite construction.
  • the flat ceiling according to the invention comprises a lower plate 1 made of a wood material, for example, from cross-laminated timber, glued laminated timber, laminated veneer lumber or solid wood, and a top plate 2 made of concrete. Both in the lower plate 1 and the upper plate 2 may be prefabricated components, wherein the lower plate 1 made of a wood material and the upper plate 2 is formed as a flat concrete slab.
  • the finished flat ceiling is in FIG. 2 shown in section.
  • FIG. 3 a plan view of a building is shown in which a flat ceiling according to the invention can be erected according to a method according to the invention.
  • the floor plan shows a foundation 11, on which building walls 12, including possibly existing supporting inner walls, as well as fixtures, such as a ventilation or elevator shaft 13 and a staircase 14, are arranged.
  • a plurality of vertical supports 10 are arranged on the foundation, which are arranged at a distance from each other and preferably uniformly on the foundation 10 and secured thereto.
  • the supports 10 are expediently steel or reinforced concrete columns, in particular in a cylindrical shape.
  • the flat ceiling according to the invention is arranged on the supports 10 and on the upper sides of the building walls 12 and the internals 13, 14 of a building floor, the loads of the flat ceiling (punctiform) in the supports 10, and (linearly) in the building walls 12 and the baffles 13th , 14 are initiated.
  • Auxiliary supports are provided, which are then removed after erecting the ceiling construction again.
  • the lower plate 1 is first placed in a method according to the invention for producing a flat ceiling in wood-concrete composite construction on the free upper ends of the vertical supports 10 and the possibly existing auxiliary supports.
  • spacers 3 are arranged on the upper side of the lower plate.
  • a plurality of spacers 3 at a distance from each other and preferably uniformly distributed on the upper side of the lower plate 1 and fixed to the lower plate 1, for example by screwing or nailing.
  • the spacers 3 are expediently placed in a regular grid, for example at the intersection lines of a regular grid pattern, on the upper side of the lower plate 1, so that they protrude in the vertical direction over the surface of the lower plate 1.
  • spacers 3 have a shaft 3a and a head 3b with a flat support surface 3c.
  • the flat bearing surfaces 3c of the spacers 3 in this case has a uniform distance from the surface of the lower plate 1, wherein the distance is suitably in the range of 1 to 5 mm and preferably in the range of 2 to 3 mm.
  • the number and distribution of the spacers 3 on the lower plate 1 is adapted to the parameters of the top plate 2, in particular their (surface) weight, and the deformation-free acceptable (maximum) transverse pressure of the lower plate 1.
  • the top plate 2 On the spacers 3, the top plate 2 is placed in concrete, so that the underside of the concrete top plate 2 rests on the flat support surface 3c of the spacer 3 (as in FIG. 2 shown). As a result, an intermediate space 4 is formed between the upper side of the lower plate 1 and the underside of the concrete upper plate 2. This gap 4 is filled with an adhesive 5 (adhesive) to produce an adhesive bond between the wood base plate 1 and the concrete top plate 2.
  • the thickness of the adhesive layer is defined by the height (ie, the vertical extent) of the spacers 3.
  • the adhesive 5 For filling the adhesive 5 in the intermediate space 4 expediently vertically extending through holes 6 are provided in the top plate 2, through which a liquid or viscous adhesive can be filled.
  • the adhesive 5 is expediently under pressure, for example, with a compressed air-driven spray device through the holes 6 introduced into the intermediate space 4 in the concrete top plate 2.
  • the adhesive 5 is preferably a PU or epoxy resin adhesive.
  • the adhesive used is 5 process pressure-free, so that even without applying a pressing pressure can be done a secure adhesive attachment.
  • multi-component adhesives have proven to be particularly suitable which harden after a short time. After the adhesive 5 has cured, a shear-stiff adhesive bond is produced between the lower plate 1 and the upper plate 2 between the lower plate 1 and the upper plate 2.
  • a shear-stiff adhesive bond between the lower plate 1 and the top plate 2 is generated after curing of the adhesive 5.
  • the through-holes 6 in the top plate 2 can act as vents and allow the discharge of air bubbles from the adhesive 5 when the top plate 2 is placed on the spacers 3 and located therein due to the pressure exerted by the weight of the top plate 2 on the adhesive 5 pressure Air bubbles squeezes out.
  • the spacers 3 are preferably designed to be compressible in the vertical direction.
  • the spacers 3 and in particular the shaft 3 a of an elastic material, such as a plastic or rubber material may be formed. It has proven particularly expedient if the spacers 3 are compressible by at least 5% of their height at a pressure of 2 bar. This can ensure that the spacers 3 are compressed when placing the top plate 2 by its own weight. As a result, a pressing pressure is generated when placing the top plate 2, which allows a fast and reliable curing of the adhesive 5. Any air bubbles which have formed in the liquid or viscous adhesive material 5 can escape in a vertical upward direction through the holes 6 serving as vents.
  • FIG. 4 is a further embodiment of a flat ceiling according to the invention shown schematically.
  • the spacers 3 are formed by block-shaped elements 3d, which are connected to vertically upwardly projecting sleeves 3e.
  • the sleeves 3e are thereby pushed through holes 6 in the concrete top plate 2 until the top of the blocks, which each forms a flat bearing surface 3c, comes to rest on the underside of the concrete top plate 2.
  • the arrangement thus formed consisting of the concrete top plate 2 and the spacers 3 inserted therein is then placed on the wood base plate 1, which is mounted on the vertical supports 10.
  • a liquid or viscous adhesive 5 is then filled through not shown here filling holes in the top plate 2 (or not occupied with a sleeve 3e holes 6) in the gap 4, the has formed due to the spacers 3 between the top of the lower plate 1 and the underside of the top plate 2.
  • the spacers 3 can also be formed by a grid structure 3 ', as shown schematically in a plan view in FIG FIG. 5 is shown.
  • the lattice structure 3 ' has vertical lattice walls 3 ", which delimit lattice cavities 4.
  • a lattice structure 3' which may be formed, for example, from a metal or plastic lattice, is placed on top of the lower plate 1.
  • the lattice cavities 4 ' can then be filled with a liquid or viscous adhesive, after which the top plate 2 is placed on the lattice 3', which acts as a spacer 3 between the bottom plate 1 and the top plate 3 A shear-stiff adhesive bond is formed between the lower plate 1 and the upper plate 2 in the grid cavities 4 'filled in. Also in this exemplary embodiment, it is possible for the upper plate 2 to be filled with an adhesive 5 even before the filling of the grid cavities 4' on the grid 3 'hang up and the liquid or viscous adhesive 5 through holes 6 in the top plate 2 in fill the grid cavities 4 '.
  • the grating walls 3 "extending in the vertical direction expediently have recesses, in particular on their upper side, through which the adhesive 5 penetrates into adjacent grid cavities 4'. can flow.
  • FIG. 6 a further embodiment of a flat ceiling according to the invention is shown in a schematic plan view of a sectional plane in the region of the adhesive bond.
  • the gap 4 between the lower plate 1 and the upper plate 2 is divided by an inserted sealing profile 8 in chambers 9.
  • the (horizontal) cross-sectional area of the chambers 9 is expediently in the range of 4 to 10 m 2 .
  • the sealing profile 8 is preferably a profile of an elastically yielding material, in particular of a foamed plastic or rubber or another compressible material.
  • the sealing profile 8 is placed on top of the lower plate 1 and defined by the sealing profile 8 chambers 9 are filled with an adhesive 5.
  • the subdivision of the surface of the space 4 through the chambers 9 ensures a uniform filling of the entire space 4 with the adhesive 5.
  • the concrete top plate 2 is placed after filling the chambers 9 with the adhesive 5, wherein due to the elastic Characteristics of the material from which the sealing profile 8 is formed, this is compressed in the vertical direction, whereby due to the weight of the top plate 2, a pressing force is exerted on the filled in the chambers 9 adhesive 5.
  • FIG. 7 an embodiment for the formation of a lower plate 1 of a wood material in a plan view is shown schematically.
  • the wooden lower plate 1 is formed of a plurality of juxtaposed beam or board-shaped wooden components 1a, 1b, 1c. Adjacent beam or board-shaped wooden components 1a, 1b and 1b, 1c are connected to each other by connecting means, such as transversely or obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the timber components 1a, 1b, 1c arranged nails, screws, bolts or dowels. It is also possible to glue adjacent timber components 1a, 1b and 1b, 1c together.
  • a lower plate 1 may also consist of several layers of wood materials, such as, for example, cross-laminated timber, wherein the superimposed layers are expediently crossed to each other to increase the stability and shear stiffness of the lower plate 1.
  • the upper plate 2 may also be formed in a corresponding manner from a plurality of juxtaposed parallelepiped or bar-shaped concrete components, wherein adjacent concrete components are connected by suitable fastening means or by gluing together here.
  • the composition of the lower plate 1 and / or the upper plate 2 of a plurality of adjacent beam or cuboid components is possible in particular for uniaxial load-bearing ceiling structures.
  • the lower plate 1 and the upper plate 2 are arranged to each other so that their main bearing directions are offset and in particular are arranged at a 90 ° angle. This increases the shear stiffness of the produced flat ceiling in wood-concrete composite construction.
  • FIG. 8 an expedient embodiment of a flat ceiling according to the invention, which is designed to be particularly stable.
  • fixing means 11 are provided in the form of bolts or rods, in particular in the form of threaded rods. These fastening means 11 engage through the upper plate 2 and through the adhesive connection 5 and are fastened in the lower plate 1, in particular screwed.
  • the fastening means 11 may be the top plate and the adhesive layer 5 in the vertical direction or obliquely, as in FIG. 8 shown, crack through.
  • 2 appropriately oriented through-holes are arranged in the top plate.
  • This through-holes can be introduced, for example, after placing the top plate 2 on the spacers 3 and expediently before filling the adhesive 5 in the gap 4, for example by drilling.
  • the adhesive 5 with the lower plate 1 and / or the upper plate 2 may be provided on the upper side of the lower plate 1 and / or on the underside of the top plate 2 not shown here grooves or other structures. Such structuring of the adhesive surfaces on the lower plate 1 and the upper plate 2 increases the strength of the adhesive bond.
  • Both the lower plate 1 and the upper plate 2 of the flat ceiling according to the invention can be produced in each case in a suitable manufacturing facility as prefabricated components and then transported to a construction site to produce a flat ceiling according to the invention.
  • the production of the top plate 2 as precast concrete part is advantageous because it can be dispensed with a potting the concrete slab on site at the site, whereby the entry of moisture in the building by creating the flat ceiling can be avoided.
  • the entire flat ceiling consisting of However, the lower plate 1 with spacers 3, adhesive layer 5 and top plate 2, but can also be prefabricated as a finished part and then placed on the site by means of a lifting device, for example. A crane on the supports 10 and possibly other supports.
  • This approach has the advantage that the bonding of the lower plate 1 with the top plate 2 is not carried out on the construction site but before installation of the flat ceiling in the building in a suitable manufacturing plant, which, for example, in difficult weather conditions on the site and especially at low temperatures Advantage can be.
  • it is also possible to create the lower plate 1 on the construction site for example by connecting beam or board-shaped wooden components 1a, 1b, 1c and hang up on the vertical supports 10 and fasten there.
  • the design of the lower plate 1 and the upper plate 2 as prefabricated prefabricated components is preferable because of the higher degree of production, because this design allows cost-effective and weather-independent production of the lower plates 1 and the top plates 2 (and possibly also the entire flat ceiling as a finished part) in mass production in a corresponding manufacturing facility as well as a quick creation of the flat roof according to the invention on site at the construction site using the prefabricated components.
  • a top plate 2 made of a high-strength or ultra-high-strength concrete also allows a flat ceiling construction, since the top plate 2 can be made substantially thinner compared to concrete slabs of conventional concrete without affecting the stability.
  • the invention is not limited to the drawings illustrated and described embodiments.
  • the liquid adhesive penetrates out of the inspection holes and indicates that a complete filling of the gap 4 has taken place.
  • the adhesive material and additional components, in particular metallic or magnetic particles are admixed, via which, for example by means of transmission method or other electronic or magnetic measuring method, the filling of the gap 4 can be detected and controlled with adhesive 5.
  • reinforcements improve both the tensile and the compressive strength of the top plate 2 and can also serve for transporting the concrete top plates 2 produced as prefabricated prefabricated components. If the ceiling construction on linear supports (such as building walls 12 and internals 13, 14, s. FIG. 3 ) Run away, in the areas of connection of the flat ceiling to these supports also a stronger reinforcement of the top plate 2 may be required.
  • Both the lower plate 1 and the upper plate 2 may be formed of several layers of wood or concrete slabs.
  • a multi-layered design of the lower plate 1 and / or the top plate 2 can also be done only in some areas, for example, where static or dynamic particularly high loads occur, for example. In the area of supports and supports 10. As a result, thickness jumps in the flat ceiling can possibly through Balancing layers are bridged.
  • the flat ceiling according to the invention it is possible in the flat ceiling according to the invention to lay in the space 4 between the lower plate 1 and the top plate 2 lines.
  • a proposed wiring harness for example, gas, water, electrical or data lines, laid in the space 4 and only then is the top plate 2 placed on the spacer 3 and the gap. 4 filled with the adhesive 5.
  • empty tubes for the later laying of lines in the intermediate space 4.
  • the fire protection requirements and the requirements of the (impact) sound insulation can be met.

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  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Flachdecke in Holz-Beton-Verbundbauweise nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Flachdecke.The invention relates to a flat ceiling in wood-concrete composite construction according to the preamble of claim 1 and to methods for producing such a flat ceiling.

Flachdecken sind unterzuglose Decken, bei denen die Lasten der Deckenplatte nicht über Unterzüge sondern punktförmig durch Stützen, Wände und Gebäude-Einbauten wie Treppenhäuser, Aufzugsschächte und dergleichen abgetragen werden. Herkömmliche Flachdecken bestehen üblicherweise aus Stahlbeton oder bei größeren Stützweiten von mehr als 9 m aus Spannbeton. Solche Beton-Flachdecken können auf einfache Art geschalt und hergestellt werden und zeichnen sich durch eine geringe Konstruktionshöhe, glatte Deckenuntersichten und durch die Möglichkeit einer freien Leitungsführung von Installationsleitungen aus. Schwierig bei der Herstellung solcher Beton-Flachdecken ist allerdings die Krafteinleitung am Stützenkopf.Flat ceilings are uncovered ceilings in which the loads of the ceiling slab are not removed by joists but punctiform by columns, walls and building fixtures such as staircases, elevator shafts and the like. Conventional flat slabs are usually made of reinforced concrete or, for larger spans of more than 9 m, of prestressed concrete. Such concrete flat slabs can be easily formed and manufactured and are characterized by a low structural height, smooth ceiling soffits and the possibility of free routing of installation cables. Difficult in the production of such concrete slabs, however, is the introduction of force at the column head.

Aus der EP 1 528 173 A2 ist eine vorgespannte Flachdecke mit Hohldeckenplatten sowie ein Verfahren zu deren Herstellung bekannt, wobei in dem Herstellungsverfahren auf den freien oberen Enden von vertikalen Stützen zunächst ein Schaltisch aufgebracht wird, auf dem Bewehrungseisen eingebracht und in der Nähe der Stützenauflager Spannkabel befestigt werden, die nach dem Ausgießen des Schalbodens und Erhärten der Betonmasse vorgespannt werden. Um ein niedrig bauendes Deckensystem mit niedrigem Flächengewicht zu erzielen, ist dabei vorgesehen, dass eine Vielzahl von Hohldeckenplatten im X-Y-Raster verlegt werden und dass jeweils die einen Seiten der Hohldeckenplatten in einem vorgespannten, aus Ortbeton gefertigten Streifen eingebunden werden. Zusätzlich kann eine in senkrechter Richtung hierzu verlaufende Formspannung mit Stahlkabeln vorgesehen werden. Derartige Beton-Konstruktionen mit eingebrachten Bewehrungseisen und Spannkabeln im Bereich der punktförmigen Stützen sind aufwendig und teuer.From the EP 1 528 173 A2 is a prestressed flat ceiling with hollow ceiling slabs and a method for their preparation is known, wherein in the manufacturing process on the free upper ends of vertical supports first a switching table is applied, placed on the reinforcing bar and attached in the vicinity of the support support tensioning cable, after pouring the formwork floor and hardening of the concrete mass are biased. In order to achieve a low-ceiling system with low basis weight, it is provided that a plurality of hollow ceiling panels are laid in the XY grid and that each one side of the hollow ceiling panels are incorporated in a prestressed, made of in-situ concrete strip. In addition, it can be provided with steel cables running in a direction perpendicular thereto form clamping. Such concrete structures with introduced reinforcing bars and tensioning cables in the area of the punctiform supports are complicated and expensive.

Aus dem Stand der Technik ist es weiterhin bekannt, Holz-Beton-Verbundbauteile herzustellen, welche beispielsweise auch für Decken- oder Wandelemente verwendet werden können. Durch die Verbundkonstruktion aus Holzbalken oder Brettstapeln und einer Betonplatte können die Tragfähigkeit und die Steifigkeit der Bauteile wesentlich erhöht werden, im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Balken-Tragwerken oder Holzstapeldecken. Weiterhin ist die Schwingungsanfälligkeit von Holz-Beton-Verbundkonstruktionen wesentlich geringer als bei den bekannten Holztragwerken. Bei der Holz-Beton-Verbundbauweise wird ein Holzquerschnitt mit einer flächigen Betonschicht zu einem Verbundbauteil verbunden, wobei herkömmlich als Verbindungsmittel z.B. Schrauben, Bolzen, Nägel und Nagelplatten, Gewindestangen, Verbunddübel wie Kopfbolzendübel oder Flacheisen zum Einsatz kommen. Die wirksame Biegesteifigkeit des Verbundbauteils ist dabei wesentlich von der Steifigkeit der verwendeten Verbindungsmittel zwischen dem Holz-Bauteil und der Betonplatte abhängig. Zur Erzielung einer hohen Verbundsteifigkeit sind Verschiebungen in der Verbundfuge des Holzbauteils und der Betonplatte zu vermeiden. Die Verwendung herkömmlicher Verbindungsmittel stellen häufig die geforderte Schubsteifigkeit in der Verbundfuge nicht sicher. Im Stand der Technik wurden daher verschiedene Lösungen zur Herstellung einer schubsteifen Verbundfuge zwischen dem Holz-Bauteil und der Betonplatte von Holz-Beton-Verbundbauteilen vorgeschlagen, wie z.B. sogenannte HBV-Schubverbinder. Dabei handelt es sich um perforierte Streckmetallstreifen, die in Trägerrichtung des Holzbauteils in eine Nut eingeklebt werden, wobei der vom Holzbauteil vorstehende Teil des Schubverbinders in der Betonplatte verankert wird. Weitere Verbindungssysteme zur schubsicheren Verbindung eines Holzbauteils mit einem Betonbauteil sind aus den Druckschriften DE 103 51 989 A1 , AT 505265 B1 , DE 20 2009 004 335 U1 und EP 09 52 271 A2 bekannt. In den Druckschriften DE 20 2007 000 957 U1 , WO 2012/135875 A1 und DE 10 2007 055 258 A1 sind Deckenelemente für Bauwerke in Holz-Beton-Verbundbauweise beschrieben.From the prior art, it is also known to produce wood-concrete composite components, which can be used for example for ceiling or wall elements. Due to the composite construction of wooden beams or board stacks and a concrete slab, the load capacity and rigidity of the components can be significantly increased compared to conventional beam structures or wood pile ceilings. Furthermore, the susceptibility to vibration of wood-concrete composite structures is much lower than in the known wood structures. In the wood-concrete composite construction, a wood cross-section is connected to a flat concrete layer to form a composite component, conventionally used as connecting means such as screws, bolts, nails and nail plates, threaded rods, composite dowels such as dowels or flat iron. The effective bending stiffness of the composite component is essentially dependent on the rigidity of the connecting means used between the wood component and the concrete slab. To achieve a high composite stiffness shifts in the composite joint of the timber component and the concrete slab are to be avoided. The use of conventional fasteners often do not ensure the required shear stiffness in the composite joint. In the prior art, therefore, various solutions for producing a shear-resistant composite joint between the wood component and the concrete slab of wood-concrete composite components have been proposed, such as so-called HBV shear connectors. These are perforated expanded metal strips which are glued in the support direction of the wood component in a groove, wherein the wood component protruding part of the thrust connector is anchored in the concrete slab. Other connection systems for shear-resistant connection of a timber component with a concrete component are from the publications DE 103 51 989 A1 . AT 505265 B1 . DE 20 2009 004 335 U1 and EP 09 52 271 A2 known. In the pamphlets DE 20 2007 000 957 U1 . WO 2012/135875 A1 and DE 10 2007 055 258 A1 Ceiling elements for buildings are described in wood-concrete composite construction.

WO 2007/091899 A1 offenbart eine Flachdecke in Verbundbauweise gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. WO 2007/091899 A1 discloses a flat ceiling in composite construction according to the preamble of claim 1.

Zur Herstellung von Decken in Holz-Beton-Verbundbauweise können vorgefertigte Holzelemente in Verbindung mit einer auf der Baustelle aufgebrachten Ortbetonschicht verwendet werden. Es ist auch bekannt, vorgefertigte Holzelemente in Verbindung mit vorgefertigten Stahlbetonelementen zu kombinieren. Letzteres ermöglicht einen schnellen Bauablauf aufgrund eines hohen Vorfertigungsgrads der Deckelemente. Allerdings hat sich gezeigt, dass es schwierig und aufwendig ist, insbesondere vorgefertigte Holz- und Betonelemente auf der Baustelle mittels der bekannten Verbindungsmittel so zu verbinden, dass eine ausreichende Schubsteifigkeit des Holz-Beton-Verbundelements gewährleistet wird.Prefabricated wooden elements can be used in conjunction with an in-situ concrete layer applied on the construction site to produce ceilings in wood-concrete composite construction. It is also known to combine prefabricated wood elements in conjunction with prefabricated reinforced concrete elements. The latter allows a fast construction process due to a high degree of prefabrication of the cover elements. However, it has been found that it is difficult and expensive to combine in particular prefabricated wood and concrete elements on the site by means of the known connection means so that a sufficient shear stiffness of the wood-concrete composite element is ensured.

Eine Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht deshalb darin, eine Flachdecke in Holz-Beton-Verbundbauweise aufzuzeigen, welche auf möglichst einfache und schnelle, effiziente und kostensparende Weise herstellbar ist und eine ausreichende Schubsteifigkeit zwischen dem Holzbauteil und dem Betonbauteil aufweist.An object of the invention is therefore to show a flat ceiling in wood-concrete composite construction, which in the simplest possible and fast, efficient and cost-saving manner can be produced and has a sufficient shear stiffness between the wood component and the concrete component.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit einer Flachdecke mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie mit den Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Flachdecke in Holz-Beton-Verbundbauweise mit den in den Ansprüchen 14 und 15 angegebenen Verfahrensschritten gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Flachdecke sind den abhängigen Ansprüchen zu entnehmen.This object is achieved with a flat ceiling with the features of claim 1 and with the method for producing a flat ceiling in wood-concrete composite construction with the method steps indicated in claims 14 and 15. Preferred embodiments of the flat ceiling can be found in the dependent claims.

Die erfindungsgemäße Flachdecke weist eine Unterplatte aus einem Holzwerkstoff und eine Oberplatte aus Beton auf, wobei die Unterplatte und die Oberplatte durch eine Klebeverbindung verbunden sind und zwischen der Unterplatte und der Oberplatte Abstandshalter angeordnet sind, um die Unterplatte und die Oberplatte in einem vertikalen Abstand zueinander zu halten. Der sich zwischen der Unterplatte und der Oberplatte aufgrund der Abstandshalter ausbildende Zwischenraum ist dabei mit einem Kleber zur Ausbildung der Klebeverbindung verfüllt.The flat sheet according to the invention comprises a bottom plate of a wood material and a top plate of concrete, wherein the bottom plate and the top plate are connected by an adhesive connection and spacers are arranged between the bottom plate and the top plate to the bottom plate and the top plate in a vertical distance from each other hold. The between the lower plate and the top plate due to the spacers forming gap is filled with an adhesive to form the adhesive bond.

Durch das Verkleben der Holz-Unterplatte mit der Beton-Oberplatte ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, eine schubfeste und gleichzeitig schlanke Tragstruktur für eine Flachdecke zu erzeugen. Die Schubkräfte in der Verbundfuge, welche durch die Klebeverbindung ausgebildet wird, werden durch die vollflächige Verklebung des Holz-Bauteils und des Beton-Bauteils kontinuierlich übertragen und es wird ein schubfester Verbund zwischen der Holz-Unterplatte und der Beton-Oberplatte erzielt. Dadurch kann bei geringer Eigenlast der Flachdecke eine hohe Tragfähigkeit erreicht werden.By gluing the wood base plate with the concrete top plate, it is possible to create a shear-resistant and at the same time slim support structure for a flat ceiling. The shear forces in the composite joint, which is formed by the adhesive bond, are transmitted continuously by the full-surface bonding of the wood component and the concrete component and it is achieved a shear-resistant bond between the wood base plate and the concrete top plate. This allows a high load capacity can be achieved at low dead load of the flat ceiling.

Die erfindungsgemäße Flachdecke lässt sich auf der Baustelle einfach und schnell herstellen, indem die Holz-Unterplatte und die Beton-Oberplatte jeweils als vorgefertigte Bauelemente auf die Baustelle gebracht und dort mittels der Klebeverbindung miteinander schubfest verbunden werden. Zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Flachdecke werden die zweckmäßig als vorgefertigte Bauelemente vorliegende Unterplatte aus Holz und die zweckmäßig ebenfalls als vorgefertigtes Bauelement vorliegende Oberplatte aus Beton auf die Baustelle gebracht. Dort wird zunächst die Holz-Unterplatte unterzuglos auf vertikalen Stützen der Flachdecke und/oder anderen Stützelementen wie Gebäudeeinbauten, aufgelegt. Danach werden auf der Oberseite der Unterplatte Abstandshalter angebracht, welche eine ebene, von der Oberseite der Unterplatte beabstandete Auflagefläche aufweisen. Danach wird ein insbesondere flüssiger oder zähflüssiger Kleber auf die Unterplatte aufgebracht und mindestens bis zur Auflagefläche der Abstandshalter aufgefüllt und schließlich wird die Beton-Oberplatte auf die Auflagefläche der Abstandshalter aufgelegt, wobei der Kleber zwischen der Unterplatte und der Oberplatte eine schubfeste Klebeverbindung herstellt.The flat ceiling according to the invention can be easily and quickly produced on the construction site by the wood base plate and the concrete top plate are each brought as prefabricated components on the site and there shear-resistant connected by means of adhesive bond. For the production of the flat ceiling according to the invention present advantageously as prefabricated components present sub-panel made of wood and the useful also present as a prefabricated component top plate made of concrete to the site. There, the wooden base plate is first laid on vertical supports of the flat ceiling and / or other support elements such as building installations. Thereafter, spacers are mounted on the top of the lower plate, which have a flat, spaced from the top of the lower plate bearing surface. After that will a particular liquid or viscous adhesive applied to the lower plate and filled at least to the support surface of the spacers and finally the concrete top plate is placed on the support surface of the spacers, the adhesive between the lower plate and the top plate produces a shear-resistant adhesive bond.

In einer alternativen Ausführungsform eines Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Flachdecke in Holz-Beton-Verbundbauweise gemäß der Erfindung wird die Beton-Oberplatte auf die Auflagefläche der Abstandshalter aufgelegt, bevor der dadurch entstehende Zwischenraum zwischen zwischen der Unterplatte und der Oberplatte mit einem Kleber verfüllt wird, um die schubfeste Klebeverbindung zwischen der Unterplatte und der Oberplatte zu erzeugen.In an alternative embodiment of a method for producing a flat ceiling in wood-concrete composite construction according to the invention, the concrete top plate is placed on the support surface of the spacers before the resulting space between between the lower plate and the top plate is filled with an adhesive to To create the shear-resistant adhesive bond between the lower plate and the top plate.

Diese Verfahren zur Herstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Flachdecke sind aufgrund des hohen Vorfertigungsgrads der verwendeten Bauelemente, insbesondere der Holz-Unterplatte und der Beton-Oberplatte, schnell und effizient durchführbar. Im Vergleich zu massiven Stahlbetondecken zeichnet sich die erfindungsgemäße Flachdecke in Holz-Beton-Verbundbauweise durch ein niedriges Eigengewicht bei hoher Tragfähigkeit und Schubfestigkeit sowie durch eine geringe Schwingungsanfälligkeit und gutem Trittschallschutz aus. Die Klebeverbindung zwischen der Holz-Unterplatte und der Beton-Oberplatte gewährleistet dabei eine hohe Schubsteifigkeit und einen hohen Widerstand gegen Scherkräfte.These methods for producing a flat ceiling according to the invention are due to the high degree of prefabrication of the components used, in particular the wood base plate and the concrete top plate, quickly and efficiently feasible. Compared to solid reinforced concrete floors, the flat ceiling according to the invention in wood-concrete composite construction characterized by a low weight with high load capacity and shear resistance and by a low susceptibility to vibration and good impact sound. The adhesive bond between the wood base plate and the concrete top plate ensures a high shear stiffness and a high resistance to shear forces.

In bevorzugten Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Flachdecke sind die Abstandshalter stift- oder bolzenförmig ausgebildet und im Abstand zueinander sowie zweckmäßig gleichförmig auf der Oberfläche der Unterplatte verteilt angeordnet. Die Abstandshalter können alternativ auch durch die Gitterwände eines Gitters gebildet sein, welches zwischen der Unterplatte und der Oberplatte angeordnet ist, wobei das Gitter beispielsweise aus einer Kunststoff- oder eine Metallgitterstruktur gebildet sein kann und Gitterwände aufweist, die sich zwischen der Unterplatte und der Oberplatte in vertikaler Richtung erstrecken und Hohlräume des Gitters begrenzen. Die Hohlräume des Gitters werden dabei zur Herstellung der Klebeverbindung zwischen der Unterplatte und der Oberplatte mit dem Kleber verfüllt.In preferred embodiments of the flat ceiling according to the invention, the spacers are pin or bolt-shaped and arranged at a distance from one another and expediently uniformly distributed on the surface of the lower plate. The spacers may alternatively be formed by the lattice walls of a grid which is arranged between the lower plate and the upper plate, wherein the grid may be formed for example of a plastic or a metal grid structure and has grid walls extending between the lower plate and the upper plate in extend vertical direction and limit cavities of the grid. The cavities of the grid are filled to produce the adhesive bond between the lower plate and the top plate with the adhesive.

Bei dem Kleber handelt es sich bevorzugt um einen Polyurethan-Kleber oder um einen Epoxydharz-Kleber. Zweckmäßig werden Kleber verarbeitet, die bei den typischen Verarbeitungstemperaturen auf der Baustelle (in der Regel 0°C - 40°C) flüssig oder zähflüssig sind und bevorzugt pressdruckfrei verarbeitet werden können.The adhesive is preferably a polyurethane adhesive or an epoxy resin adhesive. Appropriately, adhesives are processed, which in the typical Processing temperatures on the site (usually 0 ° C - 40 ° C) are liquid or viscous and can preferably be processed without pressure pressure.

Um sicherzustellen, dass bei der Herstellung der Klebeverbindung keine Lufteinschlüsse im Kleber entstehen, weist die Oberplatte bevorzugt Entlüftungsöffnungen auf, welche sich insbesondere in vertikaler Richtung erstrecken. Durch diese Entlüftungsöffnungen kann beim Auflegen der Oberplatte auf die Schicht des Klebers die sich ggf. noch im Zwischenraum zwischen der Unterplatte und der Oberplatte befindliche Luft austreten.To ensure that no air pockets are formed in the adhesive during the production of the adhesive bond, the top plate preferably has ventilation openings, which extend in particular in the vertical direction. As a result of these ventilation openings, when the upper plate is placed on the layer of the adhesive, the air which may possibly still be present in the intermediate space between the lower plate and the upper plate can escape.

In einer Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Herstellung einer Flachdecke wird zunächst die Unterplatte auf den Stützen der Flachdecke aufgelegt und mit den Abstandshaltern versehen. Danach wird die Oberplatte auf die Abstandshalter aufgelegt und der sich durch die Abstandshalter ausbildende Zwischenraum zwischen der Unterplatte und der Oberplatte wird danach mit einem Kleber zur Herstellung der Klebeverbindung zwischen der Unterplatte und der Oberplatte verfüllt. In dieser Ausführungsform weist die Oberplatte zweckmäßig eine Mehrzahl von Einfüllöffnungen auf, durch die der Kleber in den Zwischenraum eingebracht, insbesondere eingepresst wird, beispielsweise mit einer Kartusche oder einer druckluftbetriebenen Spritzvorrichtung.In one embodiment of a method according to the invention for producing a flat ceiling, the lower plate is first placed on the supports of the flat ceiling and provided with the spacers. Thereafter, the top plate is placed on the spacers and the distance between the bottom plate and the top plate forming by the spacers is then filled with an adhesive for producing the adhesive bond between the bottom plate and the top plate. In this embodiment, the upper plate expediently has a plurality of filling openings, through which the adhesive is introduced into the intermediate space, in particular pressed in, for example with a cartridge or a compressed air-operated injection device.

Die Abstandshalter sind bevorzugt in gewissem Umfang komprimierbar, beispielsweise um 5 % - 10 % bei einem Druck von 2 bar. Das Gewicht der auf die Abstandshalter aufgelegten Oberplatte führt dabei dazu, dass die Abstandshalter komprimiert werden und die Oberplatte aufgrund ihres Eigengewichts auf die Kleberschicht gepresst wird. Dadurch kann eine schnelle Abbindung des Klebers unter dem von dem Eigengewicht der Oberplatte erzeugten Druck gewährleistet werden.The spacers are preferably compressible to some extent, for example by 5% -10% at a pressure of 2 bar. The weight of the top plate placed on the spacers leads to the fact that the spacers are compressed and the top plate is pressed due to its own weight on the adhesive layer. As a result, a rapid setting of the adhesive can be ensured under the pressure generated by the weight of the top plate.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Flachdecke ist der Zwischenraum zwischen der Unterplatte und der Oberplatte zweckmäßig mittels eines Dichtungsprofils in Kammern unterteilt. Auch das Dichtungsprofil ist dabei bevorzugt komprimierbar. Die Unterteilung des Zwischenraums in Kammern ermöglicht eine gleichförmige und vollständige Verfüllung des Zwischenraums zwischen der Unterplatte und der Oberplatte. Hierfür werden zweckmäßig die durch das Dichtungsprofil ausgebildeten Kammern der Reihe nach mit dem Kleber verfüllt. Aufgrund der Komprimierbarkeit des Dichtungsprofils erfolgt auch hier beim Auflegen der Oberplatte ein Zusammendrücken des Dichtungsprofils, so dass das Eigengewicht der Oberplatte einen Druck auf die Kleberschicht ausübt. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Abstandshalter zwischen der Unterplatte und der Oberplatte zweckmäßig durch das Dichtungsprofil selbst ausgebildet. Es können jedoch neben dem Dichtungsprofil auch noch zusätzliche Abstandshalter, wie z.B. Stifte oder Bolzen, vorgesehen sein.In a preferred embodiment of the flat cover according to the invention, the intermediate space between the lower plate and the upper plate is expediently divided into chambers by means of a sealing profile. The sealing profile is preferably compressible. The subdivision of the gap into chambers allows a uniform and complete backfilling of the gap between the lower plate and the upper plate. For this purpose, the chambers formed by the sealing profile are suitably filled in sequence with the adhesive. Due to the compressibility of the sealing profile is also here when placing the top plate compression of the Sealing profile, so that the weight of the top plate exerts pressure on the adhesive layer. In this embodiment, the spacers between the lower plate and the upper plate are expediently formed by the sealing profile itself. However, in addition to the sealing profile also additional spacers, such as pins or bolts may be provided.

Sowohl die Unterplatte als auch die Oberplatte können aus einer Mehrzahl von nebeneinander angeordneten balken- oder brettförmigen Bauteilen aus Holz bzw. Beton gefertigt sein. Benachbarte Bauteile werden dabei zweckmäßig mittels Befestigungsmittel miteinander verbunden.Both the lower plate and the upper plate can be made of a plurality of juxtaposed beam or board-shaped components made of wood or concrete. Adjacent components are expediently connected to one another by means of fastening means.

Zur Erhöhung der Schubsteifigkeit des Holz-Beton-Verbunds kann es zweckmäßig sein, zusätzlich zu der Klebeverbindung weitere Verbindungsmittel zwischen der Holz-Unterplatte und der Beton-Oberplatte vorzusehen, wie z.B. HBV-Schubverbinder oder schräg in die Oberplatte und die Unterplatte eingesetzte Stangen, wie z.B. Gewindestangen oder Bolzen.In order to increase the shear stiffness of the wood-concrete composite, it may be desirable to provide, in addition to the adhesive bond, further connecting means between the wood bottom plate and the concrete top plate, e.g. HBV thrust connectors or rods inserted obliquely into the top plate and the bottom plate, e.g. Threaded rods or bolts.

Diese und weitere Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Flachdecke und des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Herstellung einer Flachdecke in Holz-Beton-Verbundbauweise ergeben sich aus den nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die begleitenden Zeichnungen näher beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen. Die Zeichnungen zeigen:

Figur 1:
Schematische Schnittdarstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Flachdecke in einem Zwischenschritt eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Herstellung einer Flachdecke in Holz-Beton-Verbundbauweise;
Figur 2:
Schematische Schnittdarstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Flachdecke;
Figur 3:
Grundriss eines Gebäudes, in dem eine erfindungsgemäße Flachdecke errichtet werden kann;
Figur 4:
Schematische Schnittdarstellung der Oberplatte und der Abstandshalter einer erfindungsgemäßen Flachdecke in einer gegenüber der Ausführungsform von Figur 2 abgewandelten Ausführungsform;
Figur 5:
Draufsicht auf eine Gitterstruktur zur Ausbildung der Abstandshalter einer erfindungsgemäßen Flachdecke in einer weiteren Ausführungsform;
Figur 6:
Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausführungsform von Abstandshaltern für eine erfindungsgemäße Flachdecke;
Figur 7:
Draufsicht auf eine Unterplatte für eine erfindungsgemäße Flachdecke;
Figur 8:
Schematische Schnittdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Flachdecke.
These and other advantages of the flat ceiling according to the invention and of the method according to the invention for producing a flat ceiling in wood-concrete composite construction will become apparent from the embodiments described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings show:
FIG. 1:
Schematic sectional view of a flat ceiling according to the invention in an intermediate step of a method according to the invention for producing a flat ceiling in wood-concrete composite construction;
FIG. 2:
Schematic sectional view of a flat ceiling according to the invention;
FIG. 3:
Floor plan of a building in which a flat ceiling according to the invention can be erected;
FIG. 4:
Schematic sectional view of the top plate and the spacers of a flat ceiling according to the invention in a relation to the embodiment of FIG. 2 modified embodiment;
FIG. 5:
Top view of a grid structure for forming the spacers of a flat ceiling according to the invention in a further embodiment;
FIG. 6:
Top view of a further embodiment of spacers for a flat ceiling according to the invention;
FIG. 7:
Top view of a lower plate for a flat ceiling according to the invention;
FIG. 8:
Schematic sectional view of another embodiment of a flat ceiling according to the invention.

In Figur 1 ist ein Zwischenstadium eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Flachdecke in Holz-Beton-Verbundbauweise dargestellt. Die erfindungsgemäße Flachdecke umfasst eine Unterplatte 1 aus einem Holzwerkstoff, beispielsweise aus Brettsperrholz, Brettschichtholz, Furnierschichtholz oder Vollhölzern, sowie eine Oberplatte 2 aus Beton. Sowohl bei der Unterplatte 1 als auch bei der Oberplatte 2 kann es sich um vorgefertigte Bauteile handeln, wobei die Unterplatte 1 aus einem Holzwerkstoff gefertigt und die Oberplatte 2 als flache Betonplatte ausgebildet ist. Die fertige Flachdecke ist in Figur 2 im Schnitt dargestellt.In FIG. 1 an intermediate stage of a method for producing a flat ceiling according to the invention is shown in wood-concrete composite construction. The flat ceiling according to the invention comprises a lower plate 1 made of a wood material, for example, from cross-laminated timber, glued laminated timber, laminated veneer lumber or solid wood, and a top plate 2 made of concrete. Both in the lower plate 1 and the upper plate 2 may be prefabricated components, wherein the lower plate 1 made of a wood material and the upper plate 2 is formed as a flat concrete slab. The finished flat ceiling is in FIG. 2 shown in section.

In Figur 3 ist beispielhaft ein Grundriss eines Gebäudes gezeigt, in dem eine erfindungsgemäße Flachdecke nach einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren errichtet werden kann. Der Grundriss zeigt ein Fundament 11, auf dem Gebäudewände 12, einschl. ggf. vorhandener tragender Innenwände, sowie Einbauten, wie z.B. ein Lüftungs- oder Aufzugsschacht 13 und ein Treppenhaus 14, angeordnet sind. Weiterhin sind auf dem Fundament mehrere vertikale Stützen 10 angeordnet, welche im Abstand zueinander und bevorzugt gleichförmig auf dem Fundament 10 angeordnet und auf diesem befestigt sind. Bei den Stützen 10 handelt es sich zweckmäßig um Stahl- oder Stahlbetonstützen, insbesondere in zylindrischer Form. Die erfindungsgemäße Flachdecke wird auf den Stützen 10 sowie auf den Oberseiten der Gebäudewände 12 und den Einbauten 13, 14 eines Gebäudegeschosses angeordnet, wobei die Lasten der Flachdecke (punktförmig) in die Stützen 10, sowie (linienförmig) in die Gebäudewände 12 und die Einbauten 13, 14 eingeleitet werden. Zur temporären Stützung der Flachdecke können während der Errichtung zusätzlich auch noch Hilfsstützen vorgesehen werden, welche dann nach Errichten der Deckenkonstruktion wieder entfernt werden.In FIG. 3 By way of example, a plan view of a building is shown in which a flat ceiling according to the invention can be erected according to a method according to the invention. The floor plan shows a foundation 11, on which building walls 12, including possibly existing supporting inner walls, as well as fixtures, such as a ventilation or elevator shaft 13 and a staircase 14, are arranged. Furthermore, a plurality of vertical supports 10 are arranged on the foundation, which are arranged at a distance from each other and preferably uniformly on the foundation 10 and secured thereto. The supports 10 are expediently steel or reinforced concrete columns, in particular in a cylindrical shape. The flat ceiling according to the invention is arranged on the supports 10 and on the upper sides of the building walls 12 and the internals 13, 14 of a building floor, the loads of the flat ceiling (punctiform) in the supports 10, and (linearly) in the building walls 12 and the baffles 13th , 14 are initiated. For temporary support of the flat ceiling can during the construction in addition also Auxiliary supports are provided, which are then removed after erecting the ceiling construction again.

Die Unterplatte 1 wird in einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Flachdecke in Holz-Beton-Verbundbauweise zunächst auf den freien oberen Enden der vertikalen Stützen 10 und den ggf. vorhandenen Hilfsstützen aufgelegt. Nach dem Auflegen der Unterplatte 1 auf die vertikalen Stützen 10 werden auf der Oberseite der Unterplatte 1 Abstandshalter 3 angeordnet. Zweckmäßig wird dabei eine Mehrzahl von Abstandshaltern 3 im Abstand zueinander und bevorzugt gleichförmig auf der Oberseite der Unterplatte 1 verteilt angeordnet und mit der Unterplatte 1 befestigt, beispielsweise durch Verschrauben oder Vernageln. Die Abstandshalter 3 werden dabei zweckmäßig in einem regelmäßigen Raster, beispielsweise an den Kreuzungslinien eines regelmäßigen Gittermusters, auf der Oberseite der Unterplatte 1 platziert, so dass sie in vertikaler Richtung über die Oberfläche der Unterplatte 1 vorstehen. Die in dem Ausführungsbeispiel von Figur 1 gezeigten Abstandshalter 3 weisen einen Schaft 3a und einen Kopf 3b mit einer ebenen Auflagefläche 3c auf. Die ebenen Auflageflächen 3c der Abstandshalter 3 weist dabei einen gleichförmigen Abstand zur Oberfläche der Unterplatte 1 auf, wobei der Abstand zweckmäßig im Bereich von 1 bis 5 mm und bevorzugt im Bereich von 2 bis 3 mm liegt. Die Anzahl und die Verteilung der Abstandhalter 3 auf der Unterplatte 1 wird dabei an die Parameter der Oberplatte 2, insbesondere deren (Flächen-)Gewicht, sowie dem verformungsfrei annehmbaren (maximalen) Querdruck der Unterplatte 1 angepasst.The lower plate 1 is first placed in a method according to the invention for producing a flat ceiling in wood-concrete composite construction on the free upper ends of the vertical supports 10 and the possibly existing auxiliary supports. After placing the lower plate 1 on the vertical supports 10 spacers 3 are arranged on the upper side of the lower plate. Suitably, a plurality of spacers 3 at a distance from each other and preferably uniformly distributed on the upper side of the lower plate 1 and fixed to the lower plate 1, for example by screwing or nailing. The spacers 3 are expediently placed in a regular grid, for example at the intersection lines of a regular grid pattern, on the upper side of the lower plate 1, so that they protrude in the vertical direction over the surface of the lower plate 1. The in the embodiment of FIG. 1 shown spacers 3 have a shaft 3a and a head 3b with a flat support surface 3c. The flat bearing surfaces 3c of the spacers 3 in this case has a uniform distance from the surface of the lower plate 1, wherein the distance is suitably in the range of 1 to 5 mm and preferably in the range of 2 to 3 mm. The number and distribution of the spacers 3 on the lower plate 1 is adapted to the parameters of the top plate 2, in particular their (surface) weight, and the deformation-free acceptable (maximum) transverse pressure of the lower plate 1.

Auf die Abstandshalter 3 wird die Oberplatte 2 aus Beton aufgelegt, so dass die Unterseite der Beton-Oberplatte 2 auf der ebenen Auflagefläche 3c der Abstandshalter 3 aufliegt (wie in Figur 2 gezeigt). Dadurch bildet sich zwischen der Oberseite der Unterplatte 1 und der Unterseite der Beton-Oberplatte 2 ein Zwischenraum 4 aus. Dieser Zwischenraum 4 wird zur Herstellung einer Klebeverbindung zwischen der Holz-Unterplatte 1 und der Beton-Oberplatte 2 mit einem Kleber 5 (Klebstoff) verfüllt. Die Dicke der Kleberschicht wird dabei durch die Höhe (d.h. die vertikale Ausdehnung) der Abstandshalter 3 definiert.On the spacers 3, the top plate 2 is placed in concrete, so that the underside of the concrete top plate 2 rests on the flat support surface 3c of the spacer 3 (as in FIG. 2 shown). As a result, an intermediate space 4 is formed between the upper side of the lower plate 1 and the underside of the concrete upper plate 2. This gap 4 is filled with an adhesive 5 (adhesive) to produce an adhesive bond between the wood base plate 1 and the concrete top plate 2. The thickness of the adhesive layer is defined by the height (ie, the vertical extent) of the spacers 3.

Zum Einfüllen des Klebers 5 in den Zwischenraum 4 sind in der Oberplatte 2 zweckmäßig vertikal verlaufende Durchgangsbohrungen 6 vorgesehen, durch welche ein flüssiger oder zähflüssiger Kleber eingefüllt werden kann. Der Kleber 5 wird dabei zweckmäßig unter Druck, beispielweise mit einer druckluftbetriebenen Spritzvorrichtung, durch die Bohrungen 6 in der Beton-Oberplatte 2 in den Zwischenraum 4 eingebracht. Bei dem Kleber 5 handelt es sich bevorzugt um einen PU- oder Epoxidharzkleber. Zweckmäßig ist der verwendete Kleber 5 pressdruckfrei zu verarbeiten, so dass auch ohne Anwendung eines Pressdrucks eine sichere Klebefügung erfolgen kann. Als besonders geeignet haben sich bspw. mehrkomponentige Kleber erwiesen, die nach kurzer Zeit aushärten. Nach dem Aushärten des Klebers 5 ist zwischen der Unterplatte 1 und der Oberplatte 2 eine schubsteife Klebeverbindung zwischen der Unterplatte 1 und der Oberplatte 2 hergestellt.For filling the adhesive 5 in the intermediate space 4 expediently vertically extending through holes 6 are provided in the top plate 2, through which a liquid or viscous adhesive can be filled. The adhesive 5 is expediently under pressure, for example, with a compressed air-driven spray device through the holes 6 introduced into the intermediate space 4 in the concrete top plate 2. The adhesive 5 is preferably a PU or epoxy resin adhesive. Suitably, the adhesive used is 5 process pressure-free, so that even without applying a pressing pressure can be done a secure adhesive attachment. For example, multi-component adhesives have proven to be particularly suitable which harden after a short time. After the adhesive 5 has cured, a shear-stiff adhesive bond is produced between the lower plate 1 and the upper plate 2 between the lower plate 1 and the upper plate 2.

Alternativ zu dieser Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Herstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Flachdecke ist es auch möglich, den sich nach dem Anordnen der Abstandshalter 3 auf der Unterplatte 1 ergebenden Zwischenraum 4 zunächst mit einem flüssigen oder zähflüssigen Kleber 5 zumindest bis zur Höhe der Auflagefläche 3c der Abstandshalter 3 aufzufüllen und danach die Oberplatte 2 auf die Abstandshalter 3 zu legen. Auch in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel wird nach dem Aushärten des Klebers 5 eine schubsteife Klebeverbindung zwischen der Unterplatte 1 und der Oberplatte 2 erzeugt. Die Durchgangsbohrungen 6 in der Oberplatte 2 können dabei als Entlüftungsöffnungen wirken und ermöglichen die Abführung von Luftblasen aus dem Kleber 5, wenn die Oberplatte 2 auf die Abstandshalter 3 aufgelegt wird und aufgrund des durch das Gewicht der Oberplatte 2 auf den Kleber 5 ausgeübten Drucks darin befindliche Lufteinschlüsse herauspresst.As an alternative to this embodiment of a method according to the invention for producing a flat ceiling according to the invention, it is also possible for the intermediate space 4 resulting after arranging the spacers 3 on the lower plate 1 first with a liquid or viscous adhesive 5 at least up to the height of the support surface 3c of the spacers 3 fill and then place the top plate 2 on the spacers 3. Also in this embodiment, a shear-stiff adhesive bond between the lower plate 1 and the top plate 2 is generated after curing of the adhesive 5. The through-holes 6 in the top plate 2 can act as vents and allow the discharge of air bubbles from the adhesive 5 when the top plate 2 is placed on the spacers 3 and located therein due to the pressure exerted by the weight of the top plate 2 on the adhesive 5 pressure Air bubbles squeezes out.

In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind die Abstandshalter 3 in vertikaler Richtung bevorzugt komprimierbar ausgebildet. Hierfür können die Abstandshalter 3 und insbesondere deren Schaft 3a aus einem elastischen Material, beispielsweise einem Kunststoff- oder Gummimaterial, gebildet sein. Als besonders zweckmäßig hat es sich erwiesen, wenn die Abstandshalter 3 um wenigstens 5 % ihrer Höhe bei einem Druck von 2 bar komprimierbar sind. Dadurch kann gewährleistet werden, dass die Abstandshalter 3 beim Auflegen der Oberplatte 2 durch deren Eigengewicht zusammengedrückt werden. Dadurch wird beim Auflegen der Oberplatte 2 ein Pressdruck erzeugt, der eine schnelle und zuverlässige Aushärtung des Klebers 5 ermöglicht. Etwaige Luftblasen, die sich im flüssigen oder zähflüssigen Klebermaterial 5 gebildet haben, können dabei in vertikaler Richtung nach oben durch die als Entlüftungsöffnungen dienenden Bohrungen 6 entweichen.In this embodiment of the method according to the invention, the spacers 3 are preferably designed to be compressible in the vertical direction. For this purpose, the spacers 3 and in particular the shaft 3 a of an elastic material, such as a plastic or rubber material may be formed. It has proven particularly expedient if the spacers 3 are compressible by at least 5% of their height at a pressure of 2 bar. This can ensure that the spacers 3 are compressed when placing the top plate 2 by its own weight. As a result, a pressing pressure is generated when placing the top plate 2, which allows a fast and reliable curing of the adhesive 5. Any air bubbles which have formed in the liquid or viscous adhesive material 5 can escape in a vertical upward direction through the holes 6 serving as vents.

In Figur 4 ist eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Flachdecke schematisch dargestellt. In dieser Ausführungsform sind die Abstandshalter 3 durch blockförmige Elemente 3d gebildet, welche mit vertikal nach oben abstehenden Hülsen 3e verbunden sind. Die Hülsen 3e werden dabei durch Bohrungen 6 in der Beton-Oberplatte 2 geschoben, bis die Oberseite der Blöcke, welche jeweils eine ebene Auflagefläche 3c bildet, an der Unterseite der Beton-Oberplatte 2 zur Anlage kommt. Die so gebildete Anordnung bestehend aus der Beton-Oberplatte 2 und den darin eingeschobenen Abstandshaltern 3 wird dann auf die Holz-Unterplatte 1 aufgelegt, welche auf den vertikalen Stützen 10 befestigt ist. Zur Herstellung einer schubsteifen Klebeverbindung zwischen der Unterplatte 1 und der Beton-Oberplatte 2 wird danach ein flüssiger oder zähflüssiger Kleber 5 durch hier nicht dargestellte Einfüllöffnungen in der Oberplatte 2 (oder nicht mit einer Hülse 3e besetzten Bohrungen 6) in den Zwischenraum 4 eingefüllt, der sich aufgrund der Abstandshalter 3 zwischen der Oberseite der Unterplatte 1 und der Unterseite der Oberplatte 2 ausgebildet hat.In FIG. 4 is a further embodiment of a flat ceiling according to the invention shown schematically. In this embodiment, the spacers 3 are formed by block-shaped elements 3d, which are connected to vertically upwardly projecting sleeves 3e. The sleeves 3e are thereby pushed through holes 6 in the concrete top plate 2 until the top of the blocks, which each forms a flat bearing surface 3c, comes to rest on the underside of the concrete top plate 2. The arrangement thus formed consisting of the concrete top plate 2 and the spacers 3 inserted therein is then placed on the wood base plate 1, which is mounted on the vertical supports 10. To produce a shear-resistant adhesive bond between the lower plate 1 and the concrete top plate 2, a liquid or viscous adhesive 5 is then filled through not shown here filling holes in the top plate 2 (or not occupied with a sleeve 3e holes 6) in the gap 4, the has formed due to the spacers 3 between the top of the lower plate 1 and the underside of the top plate 2.

Die Abstandshalter 3 können auch durch eine Gitterstruktur 3' gebildet sein, wie sie schematisch in einer Draufsicht in Figur 5 gezeigt ist. Die Gitterstruktur 3' weist dabei vertikale Gitterwände 3" auf, welche Gitter-Hohlräume 4' begrenzen. Zur Ausbildung von Abstandshaltern 3 wird eine solche Gitterstruktur 3', welche beispielsweise aus einem Metall- oder einem Kunststoffgitter gebildet sein kann, auf die Oberseite der Unterplatte 1 aufgelegt. Anschließend können die Gitter-Hohlräume 4' mit einem flüssigen oder zähflüssigen Kleber verfüllt werden. Danach wird die Oberplatte 2 auf das Gitter 3' aufgelegt, welches dadurch als Abstandshalter 3 zwischen der Unterplatte 1 und der Oberplatte 3 wirkt. Nach Aushärten des in die Gitter-Hohlräume 4' eingefüllten Klebers 5 bildet sich eine schubsteife Klebeverbindung zwischen der Unterplatte 1 und der Oberplatte 2 aus. Auch in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist es möglich, die Oberplatte 2 noch vor dem Befüllen der Gitter-Hohlräume 4' mit einem Kleber 5 auf das Gitter 3' aufzulegen und den flüssigen oder zähflüssigen Kleber 5 durch Bohrungen 6 in der Oberplatte 2 in die Gitter-Hohlräume 4' einzufüllen. Um eine gleichmäßige Verteilung des Klebers über die gesamte horizontale Fläche des Gitters 3' zu gewährleisten, weisen die sich in vertikaler Richtung erstreckenden Gitterwände 3" dabei zweckmäßig Ausnehmungen, insbesondere an ihrer Oberseite auf, durch welche der Kleber 5 in benachbarte Gitter-Hohlräume 4' fließen kann.The spacers 3 can also be formed by a grid structure 3 ', as shown schematically in a plan view in FIG FIG. 5 is shown. In this case, the lattice structure 3 'has vertical lattice walls 3 ", which delimit lattice cavities 4. For the purpose of forming spacers 3, such a lattice structure 3', which may be formed, for example, from a metal or plastic lattice, is placed on top of the lower plate 1. The lattice cavities 4 'can then be filled with a liquid or viscous adhesive, after which the top plate 2 is placed on the lattice 3', which acts as a spacer 3 between the bottom plate 1 and the top plate 3 A shear-stiff adhesive bond is formed between the lower plate 1 and the upper plate 2 in the grid cavities 4 'filled in. Also in this exemplary embodiment, it is possible for the upper plate 2 to be filled with an adhesive 5 even before the filling of the grid cavities 4' on the grid 3 'hang up and the liquid or viscous adhesive 5 through holes 6 in the top plate 2 in fill the grid cavities 4 '. In order to ensure a uniform distribution of the adhesive over the entire horizontal surface of the grid 3 ', the grating walls 3 "extending in the vertical direction expediently have recesses, in particular on their upper side, through which the adhesive 5 penetrates into adjacent grid cavities 4'. can flow.

In Figur 6 ist eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Flachdecke in einer schematischen Draufsicht auf eine Schnittebene im Bereich der Klebeverbindung dargestellt. In dieser Ausführungsform ist der Zwischenraum 4 zwischen der Unterplatte 1 und der Oberplatte 2 durch ein eingelegtes Dichtungsprofil 8 in Kammern 9 unterteilt. Die (horizontale) Querschnittsfläche der Kammern 9 liegt dabei zweckmäßig im Bereich von 4 bis 10 m2. Bei dem Dichtungsprofil 8 handelt es sich bevorzugt um ein Profil aus einem elastisch nachgiebigen Material, insbesondere aus einem geschäumten Kunststoff oder Gummi oder einem anderen komprimierbaren Material. Das Dichtungsprofil 8 wird auf die Oberseite der Unterplatte 1 aufgelegt und die durch das Dichtungsprofil 8 definierten Kammern 9 werden mit einem Kleber 5 verfüllt. Die Unterteilung der Oberfläche des Zwischenraums 4 durch die Kammern 9 gewährleistet dabei eine gleichmäßige Befüllung des gesamten Zwischenraums 4 mit dem Kleber 5. Auf das Dichtungsprofil 8 wird nach Befüllung der Kammern 9 mit dem Kleber 5 die Beton-Oberplatte 2 aufgelegt, wobei aufgrund der elastischen Eigenschaften des Materials, aus dem das Dichtungsprofil 8 gebildet ist, dieses in vertikaler Richtung zusammengedrückt wird, wodurch aufgrund des Gewichts der Oberplatte 2 ein Pressdruck auf den in den Kammern 9 eingefüllten Kleber 5 ausgeübt wird.In FIG. 6 a further embodiment of a flat ceiling according to the invention is shown in a schematic plan view of a sectional plane in the region of the adhesive bond. In this embodiment, the gap 4 between the lower plate 1 and the upper plate 2 is divided by an inserted sealing profile 8 in chambers 9. The (horizontal) cross-sectional area of the chambers 9 is expediently in the range of 4 to 10 m 2 . The sealing profile 8 is preferably a profile of an elastically yielding material, in particular of a foamed plastic or rubber or another compressible material. The sealing profile 8 is placed on top of the lower plate 1 and defined by the sealing profile 8 chambers 9 are filled with an adhesive 5. The subdivision of the surface of the space 4 through the chambers 9 ensures a uniform filling of the entire space 4 with the adhesive 5. On the sealing profile 8, the concrete top plate 2 is placed after filling the chambers 9 with the adhesive 5, wherein due to the elastic Characteristics of the material from which the sealing profile 8 is formed, this is compressed in the vertical direction, whereby due to the weight of the top plate 2, a pressing force is exerted on the filled in the chambers 9 adhesive 5.

In Figur 7 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel für die Ausbildung einer Unterplatte 1 aus einem HolzWerkstoff in einer Draufsicht schematisch dargestellt. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Holz-Unterplatte 1 aus einer Mehrzahl von nebeneinander angeordneten balken- oder brettförmigen Holzbauteilen 1a, 1b, 1c gebildet. Benachbarte balken- bzw. brettförmige Holzbauteile 1a, 1b bzw. 1b, 1c sind dabei durch Verbindungsmittel, wie z.B. quer oder schräg zur Längsrichtung der Holzbauteile 1a, 1b, 1c angeordnete Nägel, Schrauben, Bolzen oder Dübel miteinander verbunden. Es ist auch möglich, benachbarte Holzbauteile 1a, 1b bzw. 1b, 1c miteinander zu verkleben. Eine Unterplatte 1 kann auch aus mehreren Lagen von Holz-Werkstoffen bestehen, wie z.B. aus Brettsperrholz, wobei die übereinander angeordneten Lagen zweckmäßig gekreuzt zueinander angeordnet sind, um die Stabilität und Schubsteifigkeit der Unterplatte 1 zu erhöhen.In FIG. 7 an embodiment for the formation of a lower plate 1 of a wood material in a plan view is shown schematically. In this embodiment, the wooden lower plate 1 is formed of a plurality of juxtaposed beam or board-shaped wooden components 1a, 1b, 1c. Adjacent beam or board-shaped wooden components 1a, 1b and 1b, 1c are connected to each other by connecting means, such as transversely or obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the timber components 1a, 1b, 1c arranged nails, screws, bolts or dowels. It is also possible to glue adjacent timber components 1a, 1b and 1b, 1c together. A lower plate 1 may also consist of several layers of wood materials, such as, for example, cross-laminated timber, wherein the superimposed layers are expediently crossed to each other to increase the stability and shear stiffness of the lower plate 1.

Die Oberplatte 2 kann in entsprechender Weise ebenfalls aus einer Mehrzahl von nebeneinander angeordneten quader- oder balkenförmigen Betonbauteilen ausgebildet sein, wobei auch hier benachbarte Beton-Bauteile durch geeignete Befestigungsmittel oder durch Verkleben miteinander verbunden sind. Die Zusammensetzung der Unterplatte 1 und/oder der Oberplatte 2 aus einer Mehrzahl von nebeneinanderliegenden balken- oder quaderförmigen Bauteilen ist insbesondere bei einachsig lastabtragenden Deckenkonstruktionen möglich. Bevorzugt werden die Unterplatte 1 und die Oberplatte 2 so zueinander angeordnet, dass deren Haupttragrichtungen versetzt verlaufen und insbesondere unter einem 90°-Winkel angeordnet sind. Dies erhöht die Schubsteifigkeit der hergestellten Flachdecke in Holz-Beton-Verbundbauweise.The upper plate 2 may also be formed in a corresponding manner from a plurality of juxtaposed parallelepiped or bar-shaped concrete components, wherein adjacent concrete components are connected by suitable fastening means or by gluing together here. The composition of the lower plate 1 and / or the upper plate 2 of a plurality of adjacent beam or cuboid components is possible in particular for uniaxial load-bearing ceiling structures. Preferably, the lower plate 1 and the upper plate 2 are arranged to each other so that their main bearing directions are offset and in particular are arranged at a 90 ° angle. This increases the shear stiffness of the produced flat ceiling in wood-concrete composite construction.

In Figur 8 ist eine zweckmäßige Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Flachdecke gezeigt, welche besonders stabil ausgebildet ist. Zur Verbesserung der Stabilität und insbesondere zur Erhöhung der Schubsteifigkeit der Verbund-Flachdecke sind Befestigungsmittel 11 in Form von Bolzen oder Stangen, insbesondere in Form von Gewindestangen vorgesehen. Diese Befestigungsmittel 11 greifen durch die Oberplatte 2 und durch die Klebeverbindung 5 und sind in der Unterplatte 1 befestigt, insbesondere eingeschraubt. Die Befestigungsmittel 11 können die Oberplatte und die Kleberschicht 5 dabei in vertikaler Richtung oder auch schräg, wie in Figur 8 gezeigt, durchgreifen. Hierfür sind in der Oberplatte 2 entsprechend orientierte Durchgriffsbohrungen angeordnet. Diese Durchgriffsbohrungen können beispielsweise nach dem Auflegen der Oberplatte 2 auf die Abstandshalter 3 und zweckmäßig noch vor dem Einfüllen des Klebers 5 in den Zwischenraum 4 eingebracht werden, beispielsweise durch Bohren. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, entsprechende Durchgriffsöffnungen bereits bei der Herstellung der Beton-Oberplatte 2 als vorgefertigtes Beton-Element beim Ausgießen auszubilden, indem beispielsweise Hülsen in einen die Oberplatte 2 bildenden Betonverguss eingesetzt werden.In FIG. 8 is shown an expedient embodiment of a flat ceiling according to the invention, which is designed to be particularly stable. To improve the stability and in particular to increase the shear stiffness of the composite flat ceiling fixing means 11 are provided in the form of bolts or rods, in particular in the form of threaded rods. These fastening means 11 engage through the upper plate 2 and through the adhesive connection 5 and are fastened in the lower plate 1, in particular screwed. The fastening means 11 may be the top plate and the adhesive layer 5 in the vertical direction or obliquely, as in FIG. 8 shown, crack through. For this purpose, 2 appropriately oriented through-holes are arranged in the top plate. This through-holes can be introduced, for example, after placing the top plate 2 on the spacers 3 and expediently before filling the adhesive 5 in the gap 4, for example by drilling. However, it is also possible to form corresponding through openings already in the production of the concrete top plate 2 as prefabricated concrete element during pouring, for example, by sleeves in a top plate 2 forming concrete grout are used.

Zur Verbesserung des Klebeverbunds des Klebers 5 mit der Unterplatte 1 und/oder der Oberplatte 2 können an der Oberseite der Unterplatte 1 und/oder an der Unterseite der Oberplatte 2 hier nicht zeichnerisch dargestellte Nuten oder andere Strukturierungen vorgesehen sein. Eine solche Strukturierung der Klebeflächen an der Unterplatte 1 bzw. der Oberplatte 2 erhöht die Festigkeit der Klebeverbindung.To improve the adhesive bond of the adhesive 5 with the lower plate 1 and / or the upper plate 2 may be provided on the upper side of the lower plate 1 and / or on the underside of the top plate 2 not shown here grooves or other structures. Such structuring of the adhesive surfaces on the lower plate 1 and the upper plate 2 increases the strength of the adhesive bond.

Sowohl die Unterplatte 1 als auch die Oberplatte 2 der erfindungsgemäßen Flachdecke können jeweils in einer geeigneten Fertigungsstätte als vorgefertigte Bauteile hergestellt und dann zur Erstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Flachdecke auf eine Baustelle transportiert werden. Insbesondere die Herstellung der Oberplatte 2 als Beton-Fertigteil ist dabei vorteilhaft, weil dadurch auf einen Verguss der Betonplatte vor Ort auf der Baustelle verzichtet werden kann, wodurch der Eintrag von Feuchtigkeit in das Gebäude durch die Erstellung der Flachdecke vermieden werden kann. Die gesamte Flachdecke, bestehend aus der Unterplatte 1 mit Abstandshaltern 3, Kleberschicht 5 und Oberplatte 2, kann jedoch auch insgesamt als Fertigteil vorgefertigt und dann auf der Baustelle mittels einer Hebevorrichtung, bspw. einem Kran, auf den Stützen 10 und ggf. weiteren Auflagern aufgelegt werden. Dieses Vorgehen hat den Vorteil, dass das Verkleben der Unterplatte 1 mit der Oberplatte 2 nicht auf der Baustelle sondern bereits vor Einbau der Flachdecke ins Gebäude in einem geeigneten Fertigungsbetrieb durchgeführt wird, was bspw. bei schwierigen Witterungsverhältnissen auf der Baustelle und insbesondere bei niedrigen Temperaturen von Vorteil sein kann. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, die Unterplatte 1 auf der Baustelle, beispielsweise durch Verbinden von balken- oder brettförmigen Holzbauteilen 1a, 1b, 1c zu erstellen und auf die vertikalen Stützen 10 aufzulegen und dort zu befestigen. Weiterhin ist es auch möglich, eine Betonplatte auf der Baustelle vor Ort auszugießen und aushärten zu lassen und dann als Oberplatte 2 auf die Abstandshalter 3 in der vorbeschriebenen Weise aufzulegen. Die Ausbildung der Unterplatte 1 und der Oberplatte 2 als vorgefertigte Fertigbauteile ist aufgrund des höheren Fertigungsgrads allerdings zu bevorzugen, denn diese Bauweise ermöglicht eine kosteneffiziente und witterungsunabhängige Herstellung der Unterplatten 1 und der Oberplatten 2 (und auch ggf. der gesamten Flachdecke als Fertigteil) in Massenfertigung in einer entsprechenden Fertigungsstätte sowie eine schnelle Erstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Flachdecke vor Ort auf der Baustelle unter Verwendung der vorgefertigten Bauteile.Both the lower plate 1 and the upper plate 2 of the flat ceiling according to the invention can be produced in each case in a suitable manufacturing facility as prefabricated components and then transported to a construction site to produce a flat ceiling according to the invention. In particular, the production of the top plate 2 as precast concrete part is advantageous because it can be dispensed with a potting the concrete slab on site at the site, whereby the entry of moisture in the building by creating the flat ceiling can be avoided. The entire flat ceiling, consisting of However, the lower plate 1 with spacers 3, adhesive layer 5 and top plate 2, but can also be prefabricated as a finished part and then placed on the site by means of a lifting device, for example. A crane on the supports 10 and possibly other supports. This approach has the advantage that the bonding of the lower plate 1 with the top plate 2 is not carried out on the construction site but before installation of the flat ceiling in the building in a suitable manufacturing plant, which, for example, in difficult weather conditions on the site and especially at low temperatures Advantage can be. However, it is also possible to create the lower plate 1 on the construction site, for example by connecting beam or board-shaped wooden components 1a, 1b, 1c and hang up on the vertical supports 10 and fasten there. Furthermore, it is also possible to pour out a concrete slab on site and allow to cure and then hang up as a top plate 2 on the spacers 3 in the manner described above. However, the design of the lower plate 1 and the upper plate 2 as prefabricated prefabricated components is preferable because of the higher degree of production, because this design allows cost-effective and weather-independent production of the lower plates 1 and the top plates 2 (and possibly also the entire flat ceiling as a finished part) in mass production in a corresponding manufacturing facility as well as a quick creation of the flat roof according to the invention on site at the construction site using the prefabricated components.

Als besonders stabiler Holz-Beton-Verbund hat sich ein Verbundsystem aus einer Holz-Unterplatte 1 und einer Oberplatte 2 aus einem hochfesten oder ultrahochfesten Beton herausgestellt. Eine Oberplatte 2 aus einem hochfesten oder ultrahochfesten Beton ermöglicht zudem eine flache Deckenkonstruktion, da die Oberplatte 2 im Vergleich zu Betonplatten aus herkömmlichem Beton ohne Beeinträchtigung der Stabilität wesentlich dünner ausgebildet werden kann.As a particularly stable wood-concrete composite, a composite system of a wood base plate 1 and a top plate 2 made of a high-strength or ultra-high-strength concrete has been found. A top plate 2 made of a high-strength or ultra-high-strength concrete also allows a flat ceiling construction, since the top plate 2 can be made substantially thinner compared to concrete slabs of conventional concrete without affecting the stability.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die hier zeichnerisch dargestellten und beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt. So ist es beispielsweise möglich, in die Oberplatte 2 weitere Öffnungen einzubringen, die beim Einbringen des Klebers 5 in den Zwischenraum 4 als Kontrollöffnungen dienen. Wenn der Zwischenraum 4 vollständig mit dem Kleber 5 befüllt worden ist, dringt der flüssige Kleber aus den Kontrollöffnungen heraus und zeigt an, dass eine vollständige Befüllung des Zwischenraums 4 erfolgt ist. Zur Kontrolle einer vollständigen Befüllung und einer vollflächigen Verteilung des Klebers 5 im Zwischenraum 4 können dem Klebermaterial auch zusätzliche Bestandteile, insbesondere metallische oder magnetische Partikel, beigemischt werden, über welche beispielsweise mittels Durchstrahlungs-Verfahren oder anderer elektronischer oder magnetischer Messverfahren die Ausfüllung des Zwischenraums 4 mit Kleber 5 erfasst und kontrolliert werden kann.The invention is not limited to the drawings illustrated and described embodiments. Thus, it is possible, for example, to introduce into the top plate 2 more openings, which serve as control openings when introducing the adhesive 5 in the intermediate space 4. When the gap 4 has been completely filled with the adhesive 5, the liquid adhesive penetrates out of the inspection holes and indicates that a complete filling of the gap 4 has taken place. To control a complete filling and a full-surface distribution of the adhesive 5 in the intermediate space 4, the adhesive material and additional components, in particular metallic or magnetic particles are admixed, via which, for example by means of transmission method or other electronic or magnetic measuring method, the filling of the gap 4 can be detected and controlled with adhesive 5.

Zur Erhöhung der Stabilität der Oberplatte 2 kann diese mit Bewehrungen, insbesondere mit Metall-Bewehrungen oder Faser-Bewehrungen, versetzt sein. Solche Bewehrungen verbessern sowohl die Zug- als auch die Druckfestigkeit der Oberplatte 2 und können auch die für einen Transport der als vorgefertigte Fertigbauteile hergestellten Beton-Oberplatten 2 dienen. Falls die Deckenkonstruktion über linienförmige Auflager (wie z.B. Gebäudewände 12 und Einbauten 13, 14, s. Figur 3) hinweg läuft, kann in den Bereichen der Anbindung der Flachdecke an diese Auflager auch eine stärkere Bewehrung der Oberplatte 2 erforderlich sein. Auch bei einer punktgestützten Deckenkonstruktion, welche durch vertikale Stützen 10 gestützt wird, kann eine (zusätzliche) Bewehrung der Oberplatte 2 notwendig sein, wenn aus Gründen der Krafteinleitung die Schubbewehrung in der Unterplatte 1 nicht mehr ausreicht und deshalb mittels einer Schubbewehrung in der Oberplatte 2 eine ausreichende Schubsteifigkeit im Verbundbauteil bereitgestellt werden muss.To increase the stability of the top plate 2, this can be offset with reinforcements, in particular with metal reinforcements or fiber reinforcements. Such reinforcements improve both the tensile and the compressive strength of the top plate 2 and can also serve for transporting the concrete top plates 2 produced as prefabricated prefabricated components. If the ceiling construction on linear supports (such as building walls 12 and internals 13, 14, s. FIG. 3 ) Run away, in the areas of connection of the flat ceiling to these supports also a stronger reinforcement of the top plate 2 may be required. Even with a point-based ceiling construction, which is supported by vertical supports 10, (additional) reinforcement of the top plate 2 may be necessary if the shear reinforcement in the bottom plate 1 is no longer sufficient for reasons of force introduction and therefore by means of a shear reinforcement in the top plate 2 a sufficient shear stiffness must be provided in the composite component.

Sowohl die Unterplatte 1 als auch die Oberplatte 2 kann aus mehreren Lagen von Holz- bzw. Betonplatten gebildet sein. Eine mehrlagige Ausbildung der Unterplatte 1 und/oder der Oberplatte 2 kann auch nur in Teilbereichen erfolgen, beispielsweise dort wo statisch oder dynamisch besonders hohe Belastungen auftreten, bspw. im Bereich der Auflager und Stützen 10. Hierdurch auftretende Dickensprünge in der Flachdecke können ggf. durch Ausgleichslagen überbrückt werden.Both the lower plate 1 and the upper plate 2 may be formed of several layers of wood or concrete slabs. A multi-layered design of the lower plate 1 and / or the top plate 2 can also be done only in some areas, for example, where static or dynamic particularly high loads occur, for example. In the area of supports and supports 10. As a result, thickness jumps in the flat ceiling can possibly through Balancing layers are bridged.

Weiterhin ist es bei der erfindungsgemäßen Flachdecke möglich, im Zwischenraum 4 zwischen der Unterplatte 1 und der Oberplatte 2 Leitungen zu verlegen. Hierfür wird zweckmäßig vor dem Auflegen der Oberplatte 2 auf die Abstandshalter 3 ein vorgesehener Leitungsstrang, beispielsweise von Gas-, Wasser-, Elektro- oder Datenleitungen, im Zwischenraum 4 verlegt und erst danach wird die Oberplatte 2 auf die Abstandshalter 3 aufgelegt und der Zwischenraum 4 mit dem Kleber 5 verfüllt. Hierbei ist es auch möglich, Leerrohre zur späteren Verlegung von Leitungen im Zwischenraum 4 anzuordnen.Furthermore, it is possible in the flat ceiling according to the invention to lay in the space 4 between the lower plate 1 and the top plate 2 lines. For this purpose, it is expedient before laying the top plate 2 on the spacer 3 a proposed wiring harness, for example, gas, water, electrical or data lines, laid in the space 4 and only then is the top plate 2 placed on the spacer 3 and the gap. 4 filled with the adhesive 5. In this case, it is also possible to arrange empty tubes for the later laying of lines in the intermediate space 4.

Durch Aus- oder Verkleidungen der Unterplatte 1 und/oder der Oberplatte 2 mit brandhemmenden und schalldämmenden Materialien können die brandschutztechnischen Erfordernisse und die Erfordernisse an die (Tritt-)Schalldämmung eingehalten werden.By lining or lining of the lower plate 1 and / or the top plate 2 with fire-retardant and sound-insulating materials, the fire protection requirements and the requirements of the (impact) sound insulation can be met.

Claims (15)

  1. Flat plate floor of sandwich construction with a lower plateelement (1) made of a timber material and an upper plateelement (2) made of concrete, which is connected to the lower plateelement (1) by an adhesive joint, characterised in that spacers (3) are arranged between the lower plateelement (1) and the upper plateelement (2) in order to hold the lower plateelement (1) and the upper plateelement (2) a vertical distance from one another and the interspace (4) forming between the lower plateelement (1) and the upper plateelement (2) as a result is filled with an adhesive (5) to form the adhesive joint.
  2. Flat plate floor according to claim 1, characterised in that the spacers (3) are pin-shaped or pillar-shaped and exhibit a shank (3a) and a head (3b) with a flat supporting face (3c).
  3. Flat plate floor according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the spacers (3) are arranged distributed a distance from one another and expediently uniformly on the surface of the lower plateelement (1) and project above the surface of the lower plate element, and the upper plateelement (2) rests on the upper side of the spacers (3), in particular the supporting face (3c) thereof.
  4. Flat plate floor according to claim 1, characterised in that the spacers (3) are formed by a lattice (3') which is arranged between the lower plateelement (1) and the upper plateelement (2), wherein the lattice (3') is formed of a plastic or metal lattice structure and exhibits lattice walls (3") which extend in a vertical direction between the lower plateelement (1) and the upper plateelement (2) and bound cavities (4') of the lattice (3').
  5. Flat plate floor according to claim 4, characterised in that the cavities (4') of the lattice (3') are filled with the adhesive (5).
  6. Flat plate floor according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the adhesive (5) is a PU or epoxy resin adhesive which in particular can be processed without press pressure.
  7. Flat plate floor according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that air outlet openings (6) are provided in the upper plate element (2) which extend in particular in a vertical direction and through which air can escape from the interspace (4) when the adhesive is injected between the lower plateelement (1) and the upper plateelement (2) or when the upper plateelement (2) is laid on a layer of the adhesive (5).
  8. Flat plate floor according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the spacers (3) are compressible in a vertical direction, in particular by at least 5% under a pressure of 2 bar, and are compressed when the upper plateelement (2) is placed thereon through its own weight.
  9. Flat plate floor according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the interspace (4) between the lower plateelement (1) and the upper plate element (2) is sub-divided into chambers by means of a sealing profile (8), wherein the sealing profile (8) is compressible in a vertical direction, the spacers then preferably being formed by the sealing profile (8).
  10. Flat plate floor according to claim 9, characterised in that the sealing profile (8) is made of an elastically yielding material, in particular of a foamed plastic or rubber or another material containing rubber.
  11. Flat plate floor according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the lower plateelement (1) and/or the upper plateelement (2) are formed of a plurality of beam-shaped or board-shaped components (1a, 1b, 1c; 2a, 2b, 2c) made of timber or concrete arranged next to one another, wherein neighbouring components are connected to one another by means of fastening means, the main load-bearing directions of the lower plateelement (1) and the upper plateelement (2) preferably running offset in relation to one another, in particular at an angle of 90°.
  12. Flat plate floor according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the lower plateelement (1) is made of plywood board or laminated board or of veneered laminated board or solid timbers.
  13. Flat plate floor according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that fastening means (11), which are fastened to produce a joint in the lower plateelement (1) which is rigid under shear loading, engage through the upper plateelement (2) and the adhesive joint (5).
  14. Method for producing a flat plate floor of timber and concrete sandwich construction with the following steps:
    a) a joist-less lower plateelement (1) made of a timber material is laid on the free upper ends of vertical supports (10),
    b) a plurality of spacers (3) are attached to the upper side of the lower plateelement (1), the spacers (3) exhibiting a flat supporting face (3c) spaced a distance from the upper side of the lower plateelement (1),
    c) a liquid or viscous adhesive is applied to the lower plateelement (1) and the adhesive is filled up at least to the supporting face (3c) of the spacers (3),
    d) an upper plateelement (2) made of concrete is placed on the supporting face (3c) of the spacers (3), the adhesive forming an adhesive joint which is rigid under shear loading between the lower plateelement (1) and the upper plateelement (2).
  15. Method for producing a flat plate floor of timber and concrete sandwich construction with the following steps:
    a) a joist-less lower plateelement (1) made of a timber material is laid on the free upper ends of vertical supports (10),
    b) a plurality of spacers (3) are attached on the upper side of the lower plateelement (1), the spacers (3) exhibiting a flat supporting face (3c) a distance from the upper side of the lower plateelement (1),
    c) an upper plateelement (2) is placed on the supporting face (3c) of the spacers (3), so that an interspace (4) is formed between the lower plateelement (1) and the upper plateelement (2),
    d) a liquid or viscous adhesive is injected into the interspace (4) and the interspace (4) is filled completely with the adhesive to produce an adhesive joint which is rigid under shear loading between the lower plateelement (1) and the upper plateelement (2).
EP14152687.1A 2013-04-04 2014-01-27 Flat ceiling in composite wood concrete construction and method for producing such a ceiling Active EP2787140B1 (en)

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EP4317627A1 (en) 2022-08-05 2024-02-07 fischerwerke GmbH & Co. KG Wood-concrete composite element and method for its production

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CN116108725B (en) * 2023-04-10 2023-07-14 国网浙江省电力有限公司温州供电公司 Parameter optimization method, device and medium for prestressed inhaul cable in transmission line iron tower

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DE102022101146A1 (en) 2022-01-19 2023-07-20 Fischerwerke Gmbh & Co. Kg Process for the production of a wood-concrete composite component
EP4317627A1 (en) 2022-08-05 2024-02-07 fischerwerke GmbH & Co. KG Wood-concrete composite element and method for its production
DE102022119756A1 (en) 2022-08-05 2024-02-08 Fischerwerke Gmbh & Co. Kg Wood-concrete composite element and process for its production

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