EP2786814B1 - Procédé de fabrication de tube sans soudure - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de tube sans soudure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2786814B1
EP2786814B1 EP13791398.4A EP13791398A EP2786814B1 EP 2786814 B1 EP2786814 B1 EP 2786814B1 EP 13791398 A EP13791398 A EP 13791398A EP 2786814 B1 EP2786814 B1 EP 2786814B1
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Prior art keywords
diameter
hollow shell
seamless steel
mandrel
steel pipe
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EP13791398.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2786814A4 (fr
EP2786814A1 (fr
Inventor
Takayuki Kihara
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
    • B21K1/063—Making machine elements axles or shafts hollow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
    • B21C1/16—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes
    • B21C1/22—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes specially adapted for making tubular articles
    • B21C1/24—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes specially adapted for making tubular articles by means of mandrels
    • B21C1/26—Push-bench drawing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a seamless steel pipe which is capable of manufacturing seamless steel pipes of a wide range of sizes with high dimensional accuracy. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a seamless steel pipe which includes preparing a primary hollow shell by a mandrel forging pipe-making process, and applying a push bench pipe-making process to the prepared primary hollow shell.
  • a mandrel forging pipe-making process is a process that includes: providing a hollow billet with a mandrel inserted therein; and hot working the hollow billet by open-die forging to gradually reduce the wall thickness thereof, as disclosed in Patent Literature 1, on which the preamble of claim 1 is based.
  • FR 2443884 A1 describes a manufacture of seamless metal tubes by piercing a solid blank while elongating the blank; subjecting the blank to a circumferential rolling process in a device which may be generally similar to the piercing device and which produces an elongation roughly equal to that in the piercing step; and passing the blank through a continuous rolling mill to produce a seamless tube, with the elongation produced by the rolling mill being by approximately the same factor as the combined elongation produced in the piercing and circumferential rolling steps.
  • the method can be used for large diameter tubes with relatively thin walls.
  • One advantage of a mandrel forging pipe-making process lies in the wide range of pipe sizes that can be achieved by performing repeated forging and reheating. That is, manufacture of thick-walled, large diameter seamless steel pipes is possible.
  • a disadvantage of a mandrel forging pipe-making process is poor dimensional accuracy which results from the forming by forging. Because of this, in the finish machining process after the hot pipe making process, the amount of removal by machining on the steel pipe surface is large, and therefore the yield is low.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a seamless steel pipe which is capable of achieving high dimensional accuracy, particularly high wall thickness accuracy, as well as a wide range of manufacturable sizes (large diameter or thick-walled pipes).
  • a push bench pipe-making process is a process that includes: providing a hollow steel workpiece with a mandrel inserted therein, the hollow steel workpiece having a closed end; and push-drawing the workpiece through a die assembly to reduce the wall thickness thereof.
  • One advantage of push bench pipe-making processes is the high dimensional accuracy which is achieved by the use of inside and outside sizing tools such as a mandrel and a die assembly. Because of this, in the finish machining process, the amount of removal by machining on the pipe surface is small, and therefore the yield is high.
  • the present inventor contemplated methods that will allow seamless steel pipes prepared by a mandrel forging pipe-making process to be subjected to a push bench pipe-making process.
  • the two pipe-making methods can be utilized in combination by: subjecting a seamless steel pipe prepared by a mandrel forging pipe-making process to diameter reduction at one end portion thereof so that the outside and inside diameters of the end portion are reduced and the diameter reduced end portion can serve as a substitute for a closed end.
  • the present invention has been accomplished based on the results of the contemplation and is summarized as a method of manufacturing a seamless steel pipe according to claim 1.
  • the method of manufacturing a seamless steel pipe of the present invention is advantageous in that: it is capable of manufacturing seamless steel pipes of a wide range of sizes (large diameter or thick-walled pipes) with high dimensional accuracy, particularly with high wall thickness accuracy due to the push bench pipe-making process that is applied after the application of the mandrel forging pipe-making process.
  • the manufacturing method includes: Step 1 (mandrel forging pipe-making step); Step 2 (diameter reduction step); and Step 3 (push bench pipe-making step). Each of the steps is described below.
  • Step 1 primary hollow shells are formed by the following procedure:
  • hot forging of the hollow billet is preferably performed within a temperature range of 900°C to 1250°C.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a primary hollow shell after being subjected to diameter reduction.
  • diameter reduction is performed on one end portion of the primary hollow shell 1 formed in Step 1, while it is being rotated, to reduce the inside and outside diameters thereof.
  • the diameter reduced portion is composed of a front end portion 1a located at the front edge of the primary hollow shell 1 and a narrowing diameter portion 1b.
  • the narrowing diameter portion 1b is located between the front end portion 1a and the body portion on which diameter reduction is not performed.
  • the front end portion 1a has a constant outside diameter and wall thickness.
  • the narrowing diameter portion 1b has inside and outside diameters that are reduced toward the front edge.
  • the diameter reduction step may be performed again as needed.
  • the method for diameter reduction not only stamping but also a method of hitting one end portion of the primary hollow shell 1 with a hammer as well as a method of rotary forging with a swager or the like may be employed.
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of a front edge portion of a mandrel to be used in the push bench pipe-making step.
  • the mandrel 2 includes: a body portion 2a having a cylindrical shape and a narrowing diameter portion 2b having a truncated cone shape disposed at the front edge of the body portion 2a.
  • the narrowing diameter portion 2b has a diameter that is reduced toward the front edge of the mandrel 2.
  • the narrowing diameter portion 2b is formed in a tapered shape.
  • the diameter reduced portion of the primary hollow shell 1 as processed in Step 2 satisfies the following formula (1) where B (mm) represents an inside diameter at the edge of the diameter reduced portion of the primary hollow shell and D (mm) represents a diameter at the front edge of the mandrel that is used in the push bench pipe-making step.
  • B (mm) represents an inside diameter at the edge of the diameter reduced portion of the primary hollow shell
  • D (mm) represents a diameter at the front edge of the mandrel that is used in the push bench pipe-making step.
  • the aim of this is to reduce the possibility that the mandrel 2 breaks through the front end portion 1a and the narrowing diameter portion 1b of the primary hollow shell 1 during the push-drawing process in Step 3 (push bench pipe-making step).
  • Cases that satisfy the formula (1) include a case in which the diameter reduced portion forms a closed end.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of a primary hollow shell, a mandrel, and a die assembly in the push bench pipe-making step.
  • the die assembly 3 may be provided as a set of a plurality of dies or a single die.
  • a tapered die is typically employed with a die semi-angle ⁇ of 10 to 20° and a die width W of 150 to 200 mm.
  • Step 3 the primary hollow shell 1 having the diameter reduced portion at one end portion thereof is provided with a mandrel 2 inserted therein and subjected to push-drawing using a push bench.
  • Step 3 is preferably divided into two steps, a sizing step and a wall thickness reduction step (hereinafter also referred to as “push bench sizing step” and “push bench wall thickness reduction step,” respectively).
  • the primary hollow shell 1 having the diameter reduced portion at one end portion thereof is provided with a mandrel 2 inserted therein and is pushed through the die assembly 3 by hot working to size the inner and outer surfaces.
  • the primary hollow shell 1 is subjected to push-drawing through a tapered die as described above with soft reduction to size the inner and outer surfaces, thereby providing a hollow shell 1 to be processed in the wall thickness reduction step.
  • the sizing step is intended to reduce longitudinal variations in the outside diameter and the wall thickness of the primary hollow shell 1 using the die assembly 3. If, for example, there are large irregularities on the outer surface of the primary hollow shell 1, the irregularities may interfere with the tapered die when the primary hollow shell 1 is pushed through the tapered die, thereby making the push-drawing operation difficult or impossible.
  • the reduction rate in the sizing step is preferably about 3 to 7%.
  • the portion of the primary hollow shell 1 to be subjected to push-drawing (the portion that was not subjected to diameter reduction) is preferably heated to a temperature ranging from 900°C to 1250°C.
  • the aim of this is to reduce the deformation resistance and facilitate the processing.
  • the diameter reduced portion is a portion against which the mandrel 2 is pressed, it is preferably cooled by water injection to minimize deformation that may occur during the push-drawing process.
  • the diameter reduced portion be kept to a temperature of 500 °C or less. Its lower limit temperature is preferably 400°C. This is because, when cooled to a low temperature, certain types of steel such as, for example, a 9% Cr steel may suffer thermal stress cracking during the martensitic transformation.
  • the wall thickness reduction step also uses a mandrel 2 and a die assembly 3 that have the same configuration as shown in FIG. 2 . In selecting the die assembly 3 to be used, it is required that it have the ability to impart a predetermined reduction to the hollow shell 1.
  • the wall thickness reduction step includes the following operations:
  • the body portion to be subjected to push-drawing is preferably heated to a temperature of 900°C to 1250°C to reduce the deformation resistance and facilitate the processing.
  • the temperature of the diameter reduced portion is preferably controlled to 500°C or less by performing water injection or the like in order to make sure that the push-drawing of the hollow shell 1 by the mandrel 2 is performed without failure. Its lower limit temperature is preferably 400°C.
  • the finishing step may include the following operations:
  • steel types suitable for the above described manufacturing method include the following three types of steel:
  • Example 1 illustrates a case in which the extension of the manufacturable size of the outside diameter was achieved.
  • a hollow billet (weight: 13850 kg) produced from high Cr ferritic heat resistant steel as described above was provided with a mandrel inserted therein, and formed into a primary hollow shell of 1250 mm in outside diameter, 1090 mm in inside diameter, 80 mm in wall thickness, and 6000 mm in length by the mandrel forging pipe-making process.
  • the resultant primary hollow shell was subjected to diameter reduction at one end portion thereof where the inside and outside diameters were reduced.
  • the resulting inside diameter B at the edge of the diameter reduced portion of the primary hollow shell was 200 mm.
  • the primary hollow shell having the diameter reduced portion at one end portion thereof was provided with a mandrel having an outside diameter of 1060 mm inserted therein. Then it was subjected to soft reduction in a push bench using a die having an inside diameter of 1240 mm, and was formed into a hollow shell with the inner and outer surfaces thereof sized.
  • the diameter D at the front edge of the mandrel was 950 mm and therefore the formula (1) as previously noted was satisfied.
  • the resultant hollow shell was subjected to push-drawing in the push bench using a mandrel having an outside diameter of 1060 mm and dies having inside diameters of 1210 mm and 1190 mm, and was formed into a seamless steel pipe.
  • the size of the manufactured seamless steel pipe was 1190 mm in outside diameter, 1060 mm in inside diameter, 65 mm in wall thickness, and 7600 mm in length. A 300 mm length of the seamless steel pipe was cut at the diameter reduced end portion, followed by heat treatment and subsequent machining of the inner and outer surfaces.
  • the seamless steel pipe manufactured in Example 1 had a size of 1190 mm in outside diameter, 1060 mm in inside diameter, and 65 mm in wall thickness and thus was a large diameter pipe. Nevertheless, it achieved a wall thickness accuracy of less than 10 mm. Subsequently, it was subjected to machining of the inner and outer surfaces, and finished into a size of 1170 mm in outside diameter, 1080 mm in inside diameter, and 45 mm in wall thickness.
  • Example 1 the amount of machining necessary for the finishing process was not more than 10 mm for both inner and outer surfaces.
  • a primary hollow shell as manufactured from the mandrel forging pipe-making process, having an outside diameter of 1250 mm, an inside diameter of 1090 mm, and a wall thickness of 80 mm, exhibited a wall thickness accuracy of more than 20 mm.
  • Example 1 Based on the above, in Example 1, the amount of machining required is 10 mm at a maximum for both inner and outer surfaces, whereas in Comparative Example, it is assumed that the amount of finish machining required exceeds 25 mm for both inner and outer surfaces. It is therefore seen that Example 1 produces an advantageous effect.
  • Example 2 illustrates a case in which the extension of the manufacturable size of the wall thickness was achieved.
  • a hollow billet (weight: 25600 kg) produced from high Cr ferritic heat resistant steel as described above was provided with a mandrel inserted therein, and formed into a primary hollow shell of 1050 mm in outside diameter, 640 mm in inside diameter, 205 mm in wall thickness, and 6000 mm in length by the mandrel forging pipe-making process.
  • the resultant primary hollow shell was subjected to diameter reduction at one end portion thereof where the inside and outside diameters were reduced.
  • the resulting inside diameter B at the edge of the diameter reduced portion of the primary hollow shell was 100 mm.
  • the primary hollow shell having the diameter reduced portion at one end portion thereof was provided with a mandrel having an outside diameter of 610 mm inserted therein. Then it was subjected to soft reduction in a push bench using a die having an inside diameter of 1040 mm, and was formed into a hollow shell with the inner and outer surfaces thereof sized.
  • the diameter D at the front edge of the mandrel was 500 mm and therefore the formula (1) as previously noted was satisfied.
  • the resultant hollow shell was subjected to push-drawing in the push bench using a mandrel having an outside diameter of 610 mm and dies having inside diameters of 1010 mm and 990 mm, and was formed into a seamless steel pipe.
  • the size of the manufactured seamless steel pipe was 990 mm in outside diameter, 610 mm in inside diameter, 190 mm in wall thickness, and 6800 mm in length. A 300 mm length of the seamless steel pipe was cut at the diameter reduced end portion, followed by heat treatment and subsequent machining of the inner and outer surfaces.
  • the seamless steel pipe manufactured in Example 2 had a size of 990 mm in outside diameter, 610 mm in inside diameter, and 190 mm in wall thickness and thus was a thick walled pipe. Nevertheless, it achieved a wall thickness accuracy of less than 10 mm. Subsequently, it was subjected to machining of the inner and outer surfaces, and finished into a size of 970 mm in outside diameter, 630 mm in inside diameter, and 170 mm in wall thickness.
  • Example 2 the amount of machining necessary for the finishing process was not more than 10 mm for both inner and outer surfaces.
  • Example 2 For comparison with Example 2, a primary hollow shell, as manufactured from the mandrel forging pipe-making process, having an outside diameter of 1050 mm, an inside diameter of 640 mm, and a wall thickness of 205 mm, was examined to find the wall thickness accuracy thereof. As with Example 1, it was found that its wall thickness accuracy was more than 20 mm.
  • Example 2 Based on the above, in Example 2, the amount of machining required is 10 mm at a maximum for both inner and outer surfaces, whereas in Comparative Example, it is assumed that the amount of finish machining required exceeds 25 mm for both inner and outer surfaces. It is therefore seen that Example 2 produces an advantageous effect.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a comparison of the manufacturable size of seamless steel pipes between a conventional push bench pipe-making process and Example 1 or Example 2.
  • the manufacturable size is defined herein as a size that meets the requirement of the wall thickness accuracy of 10 mm or less.
  • the largest size that was achieved in manufacturing the seamless steel pipe while meeting the wall thickness accuracy of 10 mm or less was as follows: the largest outside diameter of 850 mm or the largest wall thickness of 150 mm.
  • the manufacturable size of seamless steel pipes was extended to the largest outside diameter of 1200 mm or the largest wall thickness of 170 mm.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
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Claims (8)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'un tuyau en acier sans soudure, dans lequel
    le procédé comprend:
    une première étape de fourniture d'une billette creuse avec un mandrin inséré dans celle-ci et de forgeage de la billette creuse en une enveloppe creuse primaire (1) de diamètre et épaisseur prédéterminés et n'ayant pas d'extrémité fermée ;
    le procédé étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend de plus une seconde étape soumettant l'enveloppe creuse primaire à une réduction de diamètre à une portion d'extrémité (1a) de celle-ci pour réduire les diamètres externe et interne de la portion d'extrémité ; et
    une troisième étape de fourniture de l'enveloppe creuse primaire avec un mandrin (2) inséré dans celle-ci, l'enveloppe creuse primaire présentant la portion réduite en diamètre à la une portion d'extrémité de celle-ci, et soumettant l'enveloppe creuse primaire à une poussée-étirage en utilisant un banc de poussée, dans lequel
    le mandrin (2) qui est utilisé dans la troisième étape comprend une portion de corps (2a) ayant une forme cylindrique et une portion de diamètre rétrécissant (2b) ayant une forme de cône tronqué disposée sur un bord avant de la portion de corps (2a), la portion de diamètre rétrécissant (2b) ayant un diamètre qui est réduit vers le bord avant du mandrin (2) ; et,
    dans la seconde étape, la réduction de diamètre est réalisée de sorte que la portion réduite en diamètre de l'enveloppe creuse primaire (1) comme traitée dans la seconde étape satisfait la formule (1) suivante : B < D / 4
    Figure imgb0004
     où B représente un diamètre interne (mm) au bord de la portion réduite en diamètre de l'enveloppe creuse primaire (1) et D représente un diamètre (mm) sur le bord avant du mandrin (2) qui est utilisé dans la troisième étape.
  2. Procédé de fabrication d'un tuyau en acier sans soudure selon la revendication 1, dans lequel :
    par la poussée-étirage de l'enveloppe creuse dans la troisième étape, un tuyau en acier sans soudure ayant un diamètre externe de 1000 mm ou supérieur est fabriqué.
  3. Procédé de fabrication d'un tuyau en acier sans soudure selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel dans la première étape, le forgeage de la billette creuse est réalisé par forgeage à chaud dans un intervalle de température de 900°C à 1 250°C.
  4. Procédé de fabrication d'un tuyau en acier sans soudure selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la troisième étape est réalisée au moyen d'une filière conique avec un semi-angle de filière α de 10 à 20° et une largeur de filière W de 150 à 200 mm.
  5. Procédé de fabrication d'un tuyau en acier sans soudure selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la troisième étape comprend une étape de calibrage, dans laquelle l'enveloppe creuse primaire (1) est poussée à travers un assemblage de filière (3) par usinage à chaud pour calibrer les surfaces interne et externe.
  6. Procédé de fabrication d'un tuyau en acier sans soudure selon la revendication 5, dans lequel un taux de réduction dans l'étape de calibrage est d'environ 3 à 7 %.
  7. Procédé de fabrication d'un tuyau en acier sans soudure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 6, dans lequel la troisième étape comprend de plus une étape de réduction d'épaisseur de paroi, dans laquelle l'enveloppe creuse qui a été soumis à un calibrage des surfaces interne et externe dans l'étape de calibrage est poussée à travers un assemblage de filière ayant un diamètre interne inférieur par usinage à chaud.
  8. Procédé de fabrication d'un tuyau en acier sans soudure selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel dans la troisième étape, la portion de corps (2a) à soumettre à la poussée-étirage est chauffée à une température de 900°C à 1 250°C, et dans lequel la température de la portion de diamètre rétrécissant (2b) est contrôlée à une température de 500°C ou inférieure.
EP13791398.4A 2012-05-14 2013-02-04 Procédé de fabrication de tube sans soudure Active EP2786814B1 (fr)

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JP2012110569 2012-05-14
PCT/JP2013/000596 WO2013171935A1 (fr) 2012-05-14 2013-02-04 Procédé de fabrication de tube sans soudure

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EP2786814A1 EP2786814A1 (fr) 2014-10-08
EP2786814A4 EP2786814A4 (fr) 2015-08-12
EP2786814B1 true EP2786814B1 (fr) 2017-08-02

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JP (1) JP5387797B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103974788B (fr)
ES (1) ES2645985T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013171935A1 (fr)

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IT201700049072A1 (it) * 2017-05-05 2018-11-05 Giorgio Violi Macchina per la trafilatura di tubi, in particolare per oreficeria e argenteria
FR3077016B1 (fr) 2018-01-22 2021-10-01 Aubert & Duval Sa Procede de fabrication d'une piece creuse en un materiau metallique et utilisation de ce procede pour fabriquer une tige ou un balancier de train d'atterrissage
CN111941006B (zh) * 2020-08-11 2022-06-10 宁波驶泰精密机械有限公司 一种洗衣机轴废料处理装置及废料再加工工艺
CN115041536A (zh) * 2022-08-16 2022-09-13 中北大学 一种带端框锥形舱体的挤压成形模具及方法

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FR2443884A1 (fr) * 1978-12-15 1980-07-11 Vallourec Fabrication de tubes sans soudure de forts diametres
US4577481A (en) * 1983-03-18 1986-03-25 Kocks Technik Gmbh & Co. Process for production of seamless tube and apparatus for processing seamless tube
DE19852537A1 (de) * 1998-11-05 2000-05-18 Mannesmann Ag Ziehpreßverfahren zur Herstellung eines nahtlosen Hohlkörpers mit Boden oder eines nahtlosen Rohres

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB744447A (en) * 1952-11-29 1956-02-08 Reisholz Stahl & Roehrenwerk Method of manufacturing seamless hollow bodies
FR2443884A1 (fr) * 1978-12-15 1980-07-11 Vallourec Fabrication de tubes sans soudure de forts diametres
US4577481A (en) * 1983-03-18 1986-03-25 Kocks Technik Gmbh & Co. Process for production of seamless tube and apparatus for processing seamless tube
DE19852537A1 (de) * 1998-11-05 2000-05-18 Mannesmann Ag Ziehpreßverfahren zur Herstellung eines nahtlosen Hohlkörpers mit Boden oder eines nahtlosen Rohres

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EP2786814A4 (fr) 2015-08-12
ES2645985T3 (es) 2017-12-11
JP5387797B1 (ja) 2014-01-15
WO2013171935A1 (fr) 2013-11-21
EP2786814A1 (fr) 2014-10-08
CN103974788A (zh) 2014-08-06
JPWO2013171935A1 (ja) 2016-01-07
CN103974788B (zh) 2015-08-26

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