EP2783378B1 - Switch arrangement for direct current operation with at least one switching chamber - Google Patents

Switch arrangement for direct current operation with at least one switching chamber Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2783378B1
EP2783378B1 EP12790577.6A EP12790577A EP2783378B1 EP 2783378 B1 EP2783378 B1 EP 2783378B1 EP 12790577 A EP12790577 A EP 12790577A EP 2783378 B1 EP2783378 B1 EP 2783378B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching
contact
switching arrangement
arrangement according
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP12790577.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2783378A1 (en
Inventor
Karsten Gerving
Volker Lang
Johannes Meissner
Ralf Thar
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Eaton Electrical IP GmbH and Co KG
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Eaton Electrical IP GmbH and Co KG
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Priority to EP12790577.6A priority Critical patent/EP2783378B1/en
Publication of EP2783378A1 publication Critical patent/EP2783378A1/en
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Publication of EP2783378B1 publication Critical patent/EP2783378B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H9/443—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/36—Metal parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/546—Contact arrangements for contactors having bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/02—Housings; Casings; Bases; Mountings
    • H01H71/0264—Mountings or coverplates for complete assembled circuit breakers, e.g. snap mounting in panel
    • H01H71/0271—Mounting several complete assembled circuit breakers together
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/1009—Interconnected mechanisms
    • H01H71/1027—Interconnected mechanisms comprising a bidirectional connecting member actuated by the opening movement of one pole to trip a neighbour pole

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switching arrangement, which is provided in particular for a DC operation, comprising at least one switching chamber, each switching chamber two switching pieces, each having a first contact region, a movable with a switching bridge and electrically conductive bridge switching piece with two second contact areas for producing an electrically conductive connection between the first and second contact areas and for separating at least one of the second contact areas of the respective first contact area, and at least two magnets for generating a magnetic field.
  • Electrical switches are components in a circuit that establish or disconnect an electrically conductive connection by means of internal, electrically conductive contacts. With a live connection to be cut, current flows through the contacts until they are separated. When an inductive circuit is disconnected by a switch, the current flow does not reduce immediately to zero, so that an arc can form between the contacts.
  • the arc is a gas discharge by a per se non-conductive medium, such as air.
  • AC alternating current
  • arcs usually erase at the zero crossing of the alternating current. Since such a zero crossing of the current in switches with DC operation (DC) is missing, stable arcing can occur when disconnecting the contacts.
  • the extinguishing chambers which serve to extinguish the arc, are intended to keep the period during which the arc burns as short as possible, since the arc releases a large amount of heat, which is used to burn off the contacts and / or the thermal load Switching chamber leads in the switch and thus reduces the life of the switch.
  • the space requirement for switches with corresponding extinguishing chambers, especially for non-polarity switch is significant. In two- or multi-pole switches correspondingly higher amounts of heat are released by arcs than in single-pole switches, which in turn requires larger switch housing with higher space requirements.
  • document DE 1 640 804 A1 explains an electrical switching device. In the contact system with bridge contact fixed contacts are formed with extending to both sides rails.
  • Plate-shaped permanent magnets are mounted parallel to the rails on the outer walls of an arc chamber, which generate a magnetic field perpendicular to the rails, which blows out the arc between the bridge and fixed contact forming up or down depending on the current direction.
  • An arrangement which allows a single-pole circuit can be formed as a bipolar switch arrangement by a further identically constructed arrangement which is set aside.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a switching arrangement with a fast and reliable erase behavior of resulting Ausschaltlichtbögen available, the space requirement of the amount of heat released is adjusted, without thereby increasing the variety of parts of the switch housing is increased.
  • each switching chamber has two contact pieces, each with a first contact region, and an electrically conductive bridge contact piece which can be moved with a switching bridge.
  • the bridge contact piece is an electrically conductive connection between the first and second contact areas produced, wherein a easy interrupting switch is separable only via one of the contact pairs of the first and second contact region, while the other contact pair remains permanently connected, for example via a strand.
  • the two second contact areas are separated from the respective first contact area.
  • each chamber has at least two magnets, in particular permanent magnets.
  • a modular construction of the switching arrangement wherein the switching arrangement is provided with only one switching chamber for a single-pole operation and can be extended by adding at least one second switching chamber for a multi-pole operation.
  • the space requirement of the switching arrangement of the resulting amount of heat can be adjusted by Ausschaltlichtbögen.
  • the modular construction advantageously allows uniform switching chamber components to be used to produce single or multi-pole switches.
  • a preferred embodiment relates to a two-pole operation of the switching arrangement, wherein two switching chambers are connected to each other such that their respective opening sides face each other. Also preferably, the switching chambers for a two-pole operation by a plate against each other are electrically isolated, the plate is used in a single-pole operation as a cover of the individual switching chamber housing. In a two-pole operation, the two switching chambers preferably have a common switching bridge for moving the bridge switching pieces. According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that an additional magnet for influencing the magnetic field is arranged on the movable switching bridge for each switching chamber.
  • an advantage of this additional magnet is that the magnetic field in the region of the first and second contact regions is particularly well influenced, since the additional magnet passes through the movement of the switching bridge in the immediate vicinity of the first and second contact areas.
  • the field strength of the magnetic field in this area is significantly increased by the additional magnet, which advantageously accelerates quenching of Arc allowed.
  • the additional magnet is preferably arranged in a recess in the movable switching bridge in height of the contact areas.
  • the magnetic field is used to exert a magnetic force on the arc or arcs, so that at least one of the arcs, preferably independently of the current direction in the arc, is driven in the direction of one of the extinguishing devices, wherein the contact pieces of the switching chambers are arranged so that the second contact areas are located in a line substantially perpendicular to the direction of movement of the arcs.
  • the additional magnet is movable to amplify the magnetic field strength with the switching bridge in a region of the separable first and second contact areas.
  • the auxiliary magnet is movable in close proximity to the region of the first and second contact regions, not between the first and second contact regions.
  • the at least two magnets are, for example, at least twice as far away from the first and second contact regions as the additional magnet.
  • the at least two magnets can in particular be arranged outside the switching chamber or in the region of the switching chamber wall, also on the inside of the switching chamber wall, preferably in an insulating pocket.
  • the magnets are preferably designed as at least two plate-shaped magnets whose surfaces are arranged parallel to each other.
  • At least two extinguishing devices are provided per switching chamber or contact pair for extinguishing arcing, which can occur during separation of the first and second contact regions.
  • Particularly preferably four erasing devices are provided for polarity-independent erasing of the arcs.
  • first arc conductors extend from the first contact regions and second arc conductors extend from the second contact regions toward the extinguishing devices, wherein a distance of the first arc conductor from the second Arc conductors are particularly preferably increased in the direction of the extinguishing devices.
  • each bridge switching piece extends in a direction transversely, in particular approximately at right angles, to an extension direction of the switching pieces. Transverse to a direction is to be understood in the sense not parallel to the direction.
  • the switching pieces are designed for multi-pole operation such that the terminals of the switching arrangement with respect to their position and / or installation position correspond to a multi-pole AC switch.
  • FIG. 1 shows a switching arrangement according to the invention, in particular a multi-pole, independent of the direction of the current compact switch, which should show according to the invention in a switching operation an efficient quenching behavior by the shortest possible arc time.
  • the Connections of the main current paths or contact pieces 10a, 20a are arranged opposite to each other at the same level, relative to the installation depth of the switch, as in the case of a commercially available AC contactor.
  • the opposing contact pieces 10b, 20b are in the FIG. 1 arranged behind the switching arrangement and therefore only in the rest Figures 2 and 3a or 3b recognizable.
  • the switch is designed in the form of two overlapping switch chambers 41a, 41b of preferably identical construction, which makes this possible in particular to realize a single-pole switch with only one switching chamber 41b or this modular, by adding a further switching chamber 41 a, to develop a two-pole switch.
  • the switching arrangements for each pole are accommodated in two separate, identical switching chambers 41a, 41b, which are arranged one above the other.
  • the switching chambers 41a, 41b are mounted with their opening sides facing each other.
  • the two switching chambers 41a, 41b are sealed off from each other by a partition 43 made of insulating material. In this way, a cost-effective solution is realized with compact installation conditions.
  • the partition wall 43 is designed as a cover, then the switching arrangement according to the invention can also be modular, optionally one-pole with only one switching chamber 41b or two-pole with two switching chambers 41a, 41b.
  • the first pole or the first switching chamber 41a has two contact pieces 10a, 10b, each having a first contact region 11 and a bridge bridge 30 movable and electrically conductive Brückenschalt Faculty 30 with two second contact areas 31 for producing an electrically conductive connection between the first and second contact areas 11, 31 and for separating the second contact areas 31 from the respective first contact area 11.
  • the second switching chamber 41b has two switching pieces 20a, 20b, respectively a first contact area 21.
  • the bridge switching piece 30 with second contact portions 31 is identical to the first switching chamber 41 a and therefore also designated.
  • the movable bridge switching pieces 30 of both poles are in this case arranged one above the other at the common switching bridge 35, whereby a synchronized switching process is realized for both poles.
  • the first and second contact areas 11, 31 and 21, 31 are also referred to below as fixed contact areas 11, 21 and movable contact areas 31, which form contact pairs.
  • the pairs of contacts each have two opposite, preferably identical extinguishing devices 61, 62.
  • the extinguishing devices are preferably designed as so-called Deion chambers, which consist of a stack arrangement of mutually electrically insulated sheets 66 each having an air gap between two adjacent sheets.
  • the extinguishing devices 61, 62 are each extended to runner-shaped angled second arc conductors or arc runners 32, wherein the outgoing ends of the bridge in the off case, point approximately in the direction of the outer edges 65 of the extinguishing devices.
  • the movable contact areas 31 are located in each case at the intersection between the bridge switching piece 30, which are rotated by approximately 90 degrees against the connecting axis of two opposing extinguishing devices 61, 62, and from there perpendicularly outgoing arc running plates 32nd
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b are two perspective views of the switching arrangement according to FIG. 1 , but without chamber walls of the switching chambers 41a, 41b, shown.
  • the perspective in FIG. 3a corresponds to the FIG. 1 while the FIG. 3b a 90 degree rotated perspective shows.
  • the switching pieces 10a, 10b, 20a, 20b are designed differently with the fixed contact areas 11, 21 for the two poles of the switch, which are additionally described below with reference to FIGS FIGS. 3a and 3b to be discribed.
  • the two contact piece carriers 10 a, 10 b respectively parallel to the longer chamber wall at the lower end of the switching chamber 41 a in this, wherein the one contact piece 10 a immediately behind the inner chamber wall by 90 degrees in a direction parallel to the short side of the switching chamber 41a is angled to be bent again just before reaching the lateral chamber wall by 90 degrees in a direction parallel to a chamber bottom or the partition wall 43.
  • a parallel offset of the two contact pieces 10a, 10b is achieved, in such a way that both are aligned in parallel to each other current paths in the direction of the longer chamber side.
  • the switching pieces 20a, 20b are designed in a similar manner, but with the difference that both switching pieces 20a, 20b immediately after entry into the switching chamber 41b initially at right angles in a direction parallel to the short side of the switching chamber 41st b are angled so that they run towards the bottom of the chamber.
  • the one switching piece 20a is then again by 90 degrees in the direction parallel to the short Angled chamber wall to be angled in front of the chamber wall again at right angles in the direction parallel to the chamber bottom. In this way, the switching piece 20a is guided parallel to the longitudinal-side chamber wall analogously to the switching chamber 41a of the first pole along the chamber bottom.
  • the second switching piece 20b is again bent at right angles in the region of the chamber bottom in such a way that it is parallel to the first contact piece along the chamber bottom.
  • the two switching pieces 20a, 20b extend from the switching chamber wall initially below the extinguishing devices 61, 62. Outside the same, they are angled obliquely upward again, so that the two fixed contact areas 21 at the level of the center of the extinguishing devices 61st , 62 are arranged.
  • a switching arrangement is realized with an optimized arc running behavior, in such a way that the resulting switching arcs are directed under the action of magnetic Blasfelder within very short times targeted towards one of the extinguishing device 61, 62. Due to the special design of the contact pieces 10a, 10b, 20a, 20b is further achieved that the connections of the main current paths are arranged with respect to position and depth as in a multi-pole AC switch.
  • an arrangement of in each case at least two permanent magnets 51a, 51b and an additional magnet 51c is arranged in each of the two switching chambers 41a, 41b in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the two magnets 51 a, 51 b may, for example, be arranged outside the switching chambers 41 a, 41 b, while the additional magnet 51 c for influencing the magnetic field is arranged on the movable switching bridge 35, preferably in each case at the height of the movable contact areas 31 the bridge switching pieces 30 angled on both sides trapezoidal.
  • the permanent magnetic arrangement Due to the effective Lorentz force, the permanent magnetic arrangement causes the partial arcs that arise when the contacts are opened to be independent of the direction of flow always in the direction of two of the four total extinguishing devices 61, 62 are moved and extinguished there.
  • the arrangement of the additional magnet 51c directly in the region of the switching contacts allows the generation of a homogeneous magnetic field of high magnetic field strength, which allows due to its blowing rapid propagation of the arc in the direction of the respective extinguishing device 61, 62 and thus a comparatively short residence time of the arc between the contact areas 11, 31 and 21, 31 result, which advantageously reduces the erosion of the contacts and the life of the switch is increased.
  • the permanent magnets 51 a, 51 b and 51 c are preferably made of ferritic material and / or of rare earth material, for example Nd-Fe-B or Sa-Co and / or of materials which permit the formation of plastic-bonded molded parts.
  • the switching chamber housing are preferably made of ceramic or thermosetting plastic and divided into four bays separated by bulkheads, each carrying on one outer exhaust openings.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schaltanordnung, die insbesondere für einen Gleichstrombetrieb vorgesehen ist, umfassend mindestens eine Schaltkammer, wobei jede Schaltkammer zwei Schaltstücke mit jeweils einem ersten Kontaktbereich, ein mit einer Schaltbrücke bewegbares und elektrisch leitfähiges Brückenschaltstück mit zwei zweiten Kontaktbereichen zur Herstellung einer elektrisch leitenden Verbindung zwischen den ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereichen und zum Trennen mindestens eines der zweiten Kontaktbereiche von dem jeweiligen ersten Kontaktbereich, sowie mindestens zwei Magnete zur Erzeugung eines magnetischen Felds aufweist.The invention relates to a switching arrangement, which is provided in particular for a DC operation, comprising at least one switching chamber, each switching chamber two switching pieces, each having a first contact region, a movable with a switching bridge and electrically conductive bridge switching piece with two second contact areas for producing an electrically conductive connection between the first and second contact areas and for separating at least one of the second contact areas of the respective first contact area, and at least two magnets for generating a magnetic field.

Elektrische Schalter sind Komponenten in einem Stromkreis, die mittels interner, elektrisch leitender Kontakte eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung herstellen oder trennen. Bei einer zu trennenden, stromführenden Verbindung fließt Strom durch die Kontakte, bis diese voreinander getrennt werden. Wenn ein induktiver Stromkreis durch einen Schalter getrennt wird, reduziert sich der Stromfluss nicht unmittelbar auf Null, so dass es zur Bildung eines Lichtbogens zwischen den Kontakten kommen kann. Der Lichtbogen ist eine Gasentladung durch ein an sich nichtleitendes Medium, wie beispielsweise Luft. In Schaltern mit Wechselstrombetrieb (AC) löschen Lichtbögen in der Regel beim Nulldurchgang des Wechselstroms. Da ein solcher Nulldurchgang des Stroms in Schaltern mit Gleichstrombetrieb (DC) fehlt, können beim Trennen der Kontakte stabile Lichtbögen entstehen. Sofern der Stromkreis bei ausreichender Stromstärke und Spannung betrieben wird, beispielsweise bei mehr als etwa ein Ampere und mehr als 50 Volt, verlischt der Lichtbogen nicht selbsttätig. Aus diesem Grund wird bei derartigen Schaltern die Löschung des Lichtbogens durch die Verwendung eines magnetischen Felds beschleunigt, das so gepolt ist, dass es eine treibende Kraft auf den Lichtbogen in Richtung einer Löschkammer ausübt. Zur Erzeugung eines starken Magnetfelds werden in der Regel Permanentmagnete verwendet. Die treibende Kraft des magnetischen Felds in Richtung der Löschkammern ist nur bei einer bestimmten Stromflussrichtung gegeben. Polungsbedingte Einbaufehler von Schaltern werden durch Schalter für beide Stromrichtungen vermieden, die ein von der jeweiligen Polung unabhängiges Löschverhalten für Lichtbögen aufweisen. Ein solcher Schalter ist beispielsweise in der Druckschrift EP 2 061 053 A2 beschrieben.Electrical switches are components in a circuit that establish or disconnect an electrically conductive connection by means of internal, electrically conductive contacts. With a live connection to be cut, current flows through the contacts until they are separated. When an inductive circuit is disconnected by a switch, the current flow does not reduce immediately to zero, so that an arc can form between the contacts. The arc is a gas discharge by a per se non-conductive medium, such as air. In alternating current (AC) switches, arcs usually erase at the zero crossing of the alternating current. Since such a zero crossing of the current in switches with DC operation (DC) is missing, stable arcing can occur when disconnecting the contacts. If the circuit is operated with sufficient current and voltage, for example, more than about one ampere and more than 50 volts, the arc does not automatically go out. For this reason, in such switches, the extinction of the arc is accelerated by the use of a magnetic field that is poled to exert a driving force on the arc toward a quenching chamber. To generate a strong magnetic field are usually permanent magnets used. The driving force of the magnetic field in the direction of the quenching chambers is given only in a certain current flow direction. Polarity-related installation errors of switches are avoided by switches for both current directions, which have an independent of the respective polarity erasing behavior for arcs. Such a switch is for example in the document EP 2 061 053 A2 described.

Die Löschkammern, die zum Löschen des Lichtbogens dienen, sind dazu vorgesehen, die Zeitspanne, während der der Lichtbogen brennt, so kurz wie möglich zu halten, da der Lichtbogen eine große Wärmemenge freisetzt, die zum Abbrennen der Kontakte und/oder zur thermischen Belastung der Schaltkammer im Schalter führt und somit die Lebensdauer des Schalters verringert. Der Bauraumbedarf für Schalter mit entsprechenden Löschkammern, insbesondere für polungsunabhängige Schalter ist erheblich. Bei zwei- oder mehrpoligen Schaltern werden entsprechend höhere Wärmemengen durch Lichtbögen freigesetzt als bei einpoligen Schaltern, was wiederum größere Schaltergehäuse mit höherem Bauraumbedarf erfordert. Dokument DE 1 640 804 A1 erläutert ein elektrisches Schaltgerät. Bei dem Kontaktsystem mit Brückenkontakt sind Festkontakte mit nach beiden Seiten sich erstreckenden Laufschienen ausgebildet. Parallel zu den Laufschienen sind auf den Außenwänden einer Lichtbogenkammer plattenförmige Permanentmagnete angebracht, die ein Magnetfeld senkrecht zu den Laufschienen erzeugen, das den zwischen Brücken- und Festkontakt sich bildenden Lichtbogen je nach Stromrichtung nach oben oder nach unten ausbläst. Eine Anordnung, die eine einpolige Schaltung ermöglicht, kann durch eine weitere gleichaufgebaute Anordnung, die danebengesetzt wird, als zweipolige Schalteranordnung ausgebildet werden.The extinguishing chambers, which serve to extinguish the arc, are intended to keep the period during which the arc burns as short as possible, since the arc releases a large amount of heat, which is used to burn off the contacts and / or the thermal load Switching chamber leads in the switch and thus reduces the life of the switch. The space requirement for switches with corresponding extinguishing chambers, especially for non-polarity switch is significant. In two- or multi-pole switches correspondingly higher amounts of heat are released by arcs than in single-pole switches, which in turn requires larger switch housing with higher space requirements. document DE 1 640 804 A1 explains an electrical switching device. In the contact system with bridge contact fixed contacts are formed with extending to both sides rails. Plate-shaped permanent magnets are mounted parallel to the rails on the outer walls of an arc chamber, which generate a magnetic field perpendicular to the rails, which blows out the arc between the bridge and fixed contact forming up or down depending on the current direction. An arrangement which allows a single-pole circuit can be formed as a bipolar switch arrangement by a further identically constructed arrangement which is set aside.

Eine Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, eine Schaltanordnung mit einem schnellen und zuverlässigen Löschverhalten von entstandenen Ausschaltlichtbögen zur Verfügung zu stellen, dessen Bauraumbedarf der freigesetzten Wärmemenge angepasst ist, ohne dass hierdurch die Teilevielfalt der Schaltergehäuse erhöht wird.An object of the invention is to provide a switching arrangement with a fast and reliable erase behavior of resulting Ausschaltlichtbögen available, the space requirement of the amount of heat released is adjusted, without thereby increasing the variety of parts of the switch housing is increased.

Die Aufgabe wird durch die Schaltanordnung gemäß Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. In den Unteransprüchen sind bevorzugte Ausführungsformen und vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen angegeben. Die erfindungsgemäße Schaltanordnung soll insbesondere für einen Gleichstrombetrieb geeignet sein, und weist eine oder mehrere Schaltkammern auf und ist doppeltunterbrechend und/oder polaritätsunabhängig ausgeführt. Jede Schaltkammer weist erfindungsgemäß zwei Schaltstücke mit jeweils einem ersten Kontaktbereich und ein mit einer Schaltbrücke bewegbares und elektrisch leitfähiges Brückenschaltstück auf. Über das Brückenschaltstück ist eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen den ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereichen herstellbar, wobei ein einfachunterbrechender Schalter nur über eines der Kontaktpaare aus erstem und zweitem Kontaktbereich trennbar ist, während das andere Kontaktpaar beispielsweise über eine Litze dauerhaft verbunden bleibt. Bei einem doppeltunterbrechenden Schalter erfolgt ein Trennen beider zweiter Kontaktbereiche von dem jeweiligen ersten Kontaktbereich. Zur Erzeugung eines magnetischen Felds weist jede Kammer mindestens zwei Magnete, insbesondere Permanentmagnete auf.The object is achieved by the switching arrangement according to claim 1. In the dependent claims preferred embodiments and advantageous developments are given. The switching arrangement according to the invention should be suitable in particular for a direct current operation, and has one or more switching chambers and is designed to be double-interrupting and / or polarity-independent. According to the invention, each switching chamber has two contact pieces, each with a first contact region, and an electrically conductive bridge contact piece which can be moved with a switching bridge. About the bridge contact piece is an electrically conductive connection between the first and second contact areas produced, wherein a easy interrupting switch is separable only via one of the contact pairs of the first and second contact region, while the other contact pair remains permanently connected, for example via a strand. In the case of a double-interrupting switch, the two second contact areas are separated from the respective first contact area. To generate a magnetic field, each chamber has at least two magnets, in particular permanent magnets.

Erfindungsgemäß ist ein modularer Aufbau der Schaltanordnung vorgesehen, wobei die Schaltanordnung mit nur einer Schaltkammer für einen einpoligen Betrieb vorgesehen ist und durch Hinzufügen mindestens einer zweiten Schaltkammer für einen mehrpoligen Betrieb erweiterbar ist. Dadurch lässt sich durch Hinzufügen einer Schaltkammer je Pol der Bauraumbedarf der Schaltanordnung der entstehenden Wärmemenge durch Ausschaltlichtbögen anpassen. Der modulare Aufbau erlaubt vorteilhaft, gleichförmige Schaltkammerbauteile zu verwenden, um ein- oder mehrpolige Schalter herzustellen.According to the invention, a modular construction of the switching arrangement is provided, wherein the switching arrangement is provided with only one switching chamber for a single-pole operation and can be extended by adding at least one second switching chamber for a multi-pole operation. As a result, by adding a switching chamber per pole, the space requirement of the switching arrangement of the resulting amount of heat can be adjusted by Ausschaltlichtbögen. The modular construction advantageously allows uniform switching chamber components to be used to produce single or multi-pole switches.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform betrifft einen zweipoligen Betrieb der Schaltanordnung, wobei zwei Schaltkammern derart miteinander verbunden sind, dass ihre jeweiligen Öffnungsseiten einander zugewandt sind. Ebenso bevorzugt sind die Schaltkammern für einen zweipoligen Betrieb durch eine Platte gegeneinander elektrisch isoliert, wobei die Platte bei einem einpoligen Betrieb als Abdeckung des einzelnen Schaltkammergehäuses dient.
Vorzugsweise weisen die zwei Schaltkammern bei einem zweipoligen Betrieb eine gemeinsame Schaltbrücke zum Bewegen der Brückenschaltstücke auf. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass für jede Schaltkammer ein Zusatzmagnet zur Beeinflussung des magnetischen Felds an der beweglichen Schaltbrücke angeordnet ist. Ein Vorteil dieses Zusatzmagneten besteht darin, dass das magnetische Feld im Bereich der ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereiche besonders gut beeinflussbar ist, da der Zusatzmagnet durch die Bewegung der Schaltbrücke in unmittelbare Umgebung der ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereiche gelangt. Insbesondere wird die Feldstärke des magnetischen Felds in diesem Bereich durch den Zusatzmagnet signifikant erhöht, was ein vorteilhaft beschleunigtes Löschen von Lichtbogen erlaubt. Der Zusatzmagnet ist vorzugsweise in einer Ausnehmung in der beweglichen Schaltbrücke in Höhe der Kontaktbereiche angeordnet.A preferred embodiment relates to a two-pole operation of the switching arrangement, wherein two switching chambers are connected to each other such that their respective opening sides face each other. Also preferably, the switching chambers for a two-pole operation by a plate against each other are electrically isolated, the plate is used in a single-pole operation as a cover of the individual switching chamber housing.
In a two-pole operation, the two switching chambers preferably have a common switching bridge for moving the bridge switching pieces. According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that an additional magnet for influencing the magnetic field is arranged on the movable switching bridge for each switching chamber. An advantage of this additional magnet is that the magnetic field in the region of the first and second contact regions is particularly well influenced, since the additional magnet passes through the movement of the switching bridge in the immediate vicinity of the first and second contact areas. In particular, the field strength of the magnetic field in this area is significantly increased by the additional magnet, which advantageously accelerates quenching of Arc allowed. The additional magnet is preferably arranged in a recess in the movable switching bridge in height of the contact areas.

Das magnetische Feld dient zur Ausübung einer magnetischen Kraft auf den oder die Lichtbögen, so dass mindestens einer der Lichtbögen, vorzugsweise unabhängig von der Stromrichtung im Lichtbogen, in Richtung einer der Löschvorrichtungen getrieben wird, wobei die Kontaktstücke der Schaltkammern so angeordnet sind, dass sich die zweiten Kontaktbereiche in einer Linie im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung der Lichtbögen befinden.The magnetic field is used to exert a magnetic force on the arc or arcs, so that at least one of the arcs, preferably independently of the current direction in the arc, is driven in the direction of one of the extinguishing devices, wherein the contact pieces of the switching chambers are arranged so that the second contact areas are located in a line substantially perpendicular to the direction of movement of the arcs.

Der Zusatzmagnet ist zur Verstärkung der magnetischen Feldstärke mit der Schaltbrücke in einen Bereich der trennbaren ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereiche bewegbar. Darunter ist zu verstehen, dass der Zusatzmagnet in unmittelbare Nähe zu dem Bereich der ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereiche bewegbar ist, nicht etwa zwischen die ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereiche. Die mindestens zwei Magnete sind dabei beispielsweise mindestens doppelt so weit von den ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereichen entfernt, wie der Zusatzmagnet. Die mindestens zwei Magnete können insbesondere außerhalb der Schaltkammer bzw. im Bereich der Schaltkammerwand angeordnet sein, auch an der Innenseite der Schaltkammerwand, vorzugsweise in einer isolierenden Tasche. Die Magnete sind bevorzugt als mindestens zwei plattenförmige Magnete ausgeführt, deren Flächen parallel zueinander angeordnet sind.The additional magnet is movable to amplify the magnetic field strength with the switching bridge in a region of the separable first and second contact areas. By this is meant that the auxiliary magnet is movable in close proximity to the region of the first and second contact regions, not between the first and second contact regions. The at least two magnets are, for example, at least twice as far away from the first and second contact regions as the additional magnet. The at least two magnets can in particular be arranged outside the switching chamber or in the region of the switching chamber wall, also on the inside of the switching chamber wall, preferably in an insulating pocket. The magnets are preferably designed as at least two plate-shaped magnets whose surfaces are arranged parallel to each other.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass je Schaltkammer bzw. Kontaktpaar mindestens zwei Löschvorrichtungen zum Löschen von Lichtbögen, welche beim Trennen der ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereiche auftreten können, vorgesehen sind. Besonders bevorzugt sind vier Löschvorrichtungen zum polaritätsunabhängigen Löschen der Lichtbögen vorgesehen.According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that at least two extinguishing devices are provided per switching chamber or contact pair for extinguishing arcing, which can occur during separation of the first and second contact regions. Particularly preferably four erasing devices are provided for polarity-independent erasing of the arcs.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass erste Lichtbogenleiter sich von den ersten Kontaktbereichen und zweite Lichtbogenleiter sich von den zweiten Kontaktbereichen aus in Richtung zu den Löschvorrichtungen erstrecken, wobei ein Abstand der ersten Lichtbogenleiter von den zweiten Lichtbogenleitern sich in Richtung der Löschvorrichtungen besonders bevorzugt vergrößert. Weiterhin bevorzugt erstreckt sich jedes Brückenschaltstück in einer Richtung quer, insbesondere etwa rechtwinklig, zu einer Erstreckungsrichtung der Schaltstücke. Quer zu einer Richtung ist in dem Sinne als nicht parallel zu der Richtung zu verstehen.
Weiterhin bevorzugt sind die Schaltstücke für einen mehrpoligen Betrieb derart ausgeführt, dass die Anschlüsse der Schaltanordnung hinsichtlich ihrer Position und/oder Einbaulage einem mehrpoligen AC-Schalter entsprechen. Eine fehlerhafte Beschaltung auf Grund einer ungewohnten Position der Anschlüsse bei Gleichstromschaltern gegenüber den über lange Zeit wesentlich häufiger eingesetzten Wechselstromschaltern wird dadurch vorteilhaft vermieden.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels mit Bezug auf die Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Die Ausführungen sind lediglich beispielhaft und schränken den allgemeinen Erfindungsgedanken nicht ein.According to a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that first arc conductors extend from the first contact regions and second arc conductors extend from the second contact regions toward the extinguishing devices, wherein a distance of the first arc conductor from the second Arc conductors are particularly preferably increased in the direction of the extinguishing devices. Further preferably, each bridge switching piece extends in a direction transversely, in particular approximately at right angles, to an extension direction of the switching pieces. Transverse to a direction is to be understood in the sense not parallel to the direction.
Further preferably, the switching pieces are designed for multi-pole operation such that the terminals of the switching arrangement with respect to their position and / or installation position correspond to a multi-pole AC switch. A faulty wiring due to an unfamiliar position of the terminals in DC switches over the AC switches used much more often over a long time is thereby advantageously avoided.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment with reference to the drawings. The embodiments are merely exemplary and do not limit the general inventive concept.

Es zeigen

  • Figur 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaltanordnung;
  • Figur 2 eine Explosionsdarstellung der Schaltanordnung gemäß Figur 1; und
  • Figuren 3a und 3b zwei perspektivische Ansichten eines Details der Schaltanordnung gemäß Figur 1.
Show it
  • FIG. 1 a perspective view of an embodiment of a switching arrangement according to the invention;
  • FIG. 2 an exploded view of the switching arrangement according to FIG. 1 ; and
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b two perspective views of a detail of the switching arrangement according to FIG. 1 ,

Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 1 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Schaltanordnung, hier insbesondere einen mehrpoligen, von der Stromrichtung unabhängigen Kompaktschalter, der erfindungsgemäß bei einem Schaltvorgang ein effizientes Löschverhalten durch eine möglichst kurze Lichtbogenzeit zeigen soll. Die Anschlüsse der Hauptstrombahnen oder Schaltstücke 10a, 20a sind wie bei einem marktüblichen AC-Schütz jeweils gegenüberliegend auf gleichem Niveau, bezogen auf die Einbautiefe des Schalters, angeordnet. Die gegenüberliegenden Schaltstücke 10b, 20b sind in der Figur 1 hinter der Schaltanordnung angeordnet und daher nur in den übrigen Figuren 2 und 3a bzw. 3b erkennbar. Zur Realisierung einer kompakten Schaltanordnung, die beim Einbau in einen Schaltschrank eine ähnlich geringe Einbaulänge und -breite hat wie ein reiner AC-Schalter für vergleichbare Stromstärken, ist der Schalter in Form zweier übereinanderliegender Schaltkammern 41a, 41b von vorzugsweise identischem Aufbau ausgeführt, was insbesondere ermöglicht einen einpoligen Schalter mit nur einer Schaltkammer 41b zu realisieren oder diesen modular, durch Hinzufügen einer weiteren Schaltkammer 41 a , zu einem zweipoligen Schalter auszubauen.The embodiment according to FIG. 1 shows a switching arrangement according to the invention, in particular a multi-pole, independent of the direction of the current compact switch, which should show according to the invention in a switching operation an efficient quenching behavior by the shortest possible arc time. The Connections of the main current paths or contact pieces 10a, 20a are arranged opposite to each other at the same level, relative to the installation depth of the switch, as in the case of a commercially available AC contactor. The opposing contact pieces 10b, 20b are in the FIG. 1 arranged behind the switching arrangement and therefore only in the rest Figures 2 and 3a or 3b recognizable. In order to realize a compact circuit arrangement which, when installed in a switchgear cabinet, has a similar installation length and width as a pure AC switch for comparable current intensities, the switch is designed in the form of two overlapping switch chambers 41a, 41b of preferably identical construction, which makes this possible in particular to realize a single-pole switch with only one switching chamber 41b or this modular, by adding a further switching chamber 41 a, to develop a two-pole switch.

Die Schaltanordnungen für jeden Pol sind in zwei separaten, identischen Schaltkammern 41a, 41b untergebracht, die übereinander angeordnet sind. Hierbei sind die Schaltkammern 41a, 41b mit ihren Öffnungsseiten zueinander gewandt montiert. Zur Sicherstellung einer ausreichenden elektrischen Isolation sind die beiden Schaltkammern 41a, 41b gegeneinander durch eine Trennwand 43 aus Isolierstoff abgeschottet. Auf diese Weise wird eine kostengünstige Lösung mit kompakten Einbauverhältnissen realisiert. Wenn die Trennwand 43 als Deckel ausgeführt wird, so kann die erfindungsgemäße Schaltanordnung auch modular aufgebaut werden, wahlweise einpolig mit nur einer Schaltkammer 41b oder zweipolig mit beiden Schaltkammern 41a, 41b.The switching arrangements for each pole are accommodated in two separate, identical switching chambers 41a, 41b, which are arranged one above the other. Here, the switching chambers 41a, 41b are mounted with their opening sides facing each other. To ensure sufficient electrical insulation, the two switching chambers 41a, 41b are sealed off from each other by a partition 43 made of insulating material. In this way, a cost-effective solution is realized with compact installation conditions. If the partition wall 43 is designed as a cover, then the switching arrangement according to the invention can also be modular, optionally one-pole with only one switching chamber 41b or two-pole with two switching chambers 41a, 41b.

Mit Bezug auf die Explosionsdarstellung in Figur 2 wird die erfindungsgemäße Schaltanordnung weiter beschrieben. Der erste Pol bzw. die erste Schaltkammer 41a weist zwei Schaltstücke 10a, 10b mit jeweils einem ersten Kontaktbereich 11 und ein mit einer Schaltbrücke 35 bewegbares und elektrisch leitfähiges Brückenschaltstück 30 mit zwei zweiten Kontaktbereichen 31 zur Herstellung einer elektrisch leitenden Verbindung zwischen den ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereichen 11, 31 und zum Trennen der zweiten Kontaktbereiche 31 von dem jeweiligen ersten Kontaktbereich 11 auf. Die zweite Schaltkammer 41b weist zwei Schaltstücke 20a, 20b mit jeweils einem ersten Kontaktbereich 21 auf. Das Brückenschaltstück 30 mit zweiten Kontaktbereichen 31 ist identisch zu der ersten Schaltkammer 41 a und daher ebenso bezeichnet. Die beweglichen Brückenschaltstücke 30 beider Pole befinden sich hierbei übereinander angeordnet an der gemeinsamen Schaltbrücke 35, wodurch für beide Pole ein synchronisierter Schaltvorgang realisiert ist.With reference to the exploded view in FIG FIG. 2 the circuit arrangement according to the invention will be further described. The first pole or the first switching chamber 41a has two contact pieces 10a, 10b, each having a first contact region 11 and a bridge bridge 30 movable and electrically conductive Brückenschaltstück 30 with two second contact areas 31 for producing an electrically conductive connection between the first and second contact areas 11, 31 and for separating the second contact areas 31 from the respective first contact area 11. The second switching chamber 41b has two switching pieces 20a, 20b, respectively a first contact area 21. The bridge switching piece 30 with second contact portions 31 is identical to the first switching chamber 41 a and therefore also designated. The movable bridge switching pieces 30 of both poles are in this case arranged one above the other at the common switching bridge 35, whereby a synchronized switching process is realized for both poles.

Die ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereiche 11, 31 und 21, 31 werden nachfolgend auch als feststehende Kontaktbereiche 11, 21 und bewegliche Kontaktbereiche 31 bezeichnet, die Kontaktpaare bilden. Die Kontaktpaare weisen jeweils zwei gegenüberliegende, vorzugsweise identischen Löschvorrichtungen 61, 62 auf. Die Löschvorrichtungen sind vorzugsweise als sogenannte Deion-kammern ausgeführt, die aus einer Stapelanordnung von gegeneinander elektrisch isolierten Blechen 66 mit jeweils einem Luftspalt zwischen zwei benachbarten Blechen bestehen. Alternativ dazu können die Löschvorrichtungen auch aus einer einfachen Nischenanordnung ohne Löschblechpakete, mit Wänden aus Isolierstoff, vorzugsweise aus duroplastischem Kunststoff oder Keramik, bestehen, wobei die einzelnen Nischen räumlich gegeneinander hinreichend abgeschottet sind und jeweils eine Außenwand mit geeignet dimensionierten Ausblasöffnungen durchbrochen ist, welche zur Druckentlastung gegen die beim Schaltvorgang durch die von den Schaltlichtbögen bewirkte Druckerhöhung dient.The first and second contact areas 11, 31 and 21, 31 are also referred to below as fixed contact areas 11, 21 and movable contact areas 31, which form contact pairs. The pairs of contacts each have two opposite, preferably identical extinguishing devices 61, 62. The extinguishing devices are preferably designed as so-called Deion chambers, which consist of a stack arrangement of mutually electrically insulated sheets 66 each having an air gap between two adjacent sheets. Alternatively, the extinguishing devices from a simple niche arrangement without splitter stacks, with walls of insulating material, preferably made of thermosetting plastic or ceramic, exist, the individual niches are spatially sufficiently sealed against each other and each an outer wall with suitably dimensioned exhaust openings is broken, which for pressure relief against the switching operation caused by the switching arcs caused by the pressure increase.

Die Brückenschaltstücke 30 mit den beweglichen, zweiten Kontaktbereichen 31 befinden sich im eingeschalteten Zustand in Höhe der Mitte der Löschvorrichtungen 61, 62. In Richtung der Löschvorrichtungen 61, 62 sind sie jeweils zu kufenförmig abgewinkelten zweiten Lichtbogenleitern oder auch Lichtbogenlaufblechen 32 verlängert, wobei die auslaufenden Enden im ausgeschalteten Fall ungefähr in Richtung des äußeren Kanten 65 der Löschvorrichtungen weisen. Die beweglichen Kontaktbereiche 31 befinden sich jeweils am Schnittpunkt zwischen den Brückenschaltstück 30, welche um etwa 90 Grad gegen die Verbindungsachse zweier gegenüberliegender Löschvorrichtungen 61, 62 gedreht sind, und den von dort rechtwinklig abgehenden Lichtbogenlaufblechen 32.In the direction of the extinguishing devices 61, 62, they are each extended to runner-shaped angled second arc conductors or arc runners 32, wherein the outgoing ends of the bridge in the off case, point approximately in the direction of the outer edges 65 of the extinguishing devices. The movable contact areas 31 are located in each case at the intersection between the bridge switching piece 30, which are rotated by approximately 90 degrees against the connecting axis of two opposing extinguishing devices 61, 62, and from there perpendicularly outgoing arc running plates 32nd

In den Figuren 3a und 3b sind zwei perspektivische Ansichten der Schaltanordnung gemäß Figur 1, jedoch ohne Kammerwände der Schaltkammern 41a, 41b, dargestellt. Die Perspektive in Figur 3a entspricht der der Figur 1, während die Figur 3b eine um 90 Grad gedrehte Perspektive zeigt. Im Gegensatz zu den beweglichen Brückenschaltstücken 30 sind die Schaltstücke 10a, 10b, 20a, 20b mit den feststehenden Kontaktbereichen 11, 21 für die beiden Pole des Schalters unterschiedlich ausgeführt, die nachfolgend zusätzlich mit Bezug auf die Figuren 3a und 3b beschrieben werden. Im Fall der oberen Schaltkammer 41a des einen Pols treten die beiden Schaltstückträger 10a, 10b jeweils gegenüberliegend parallel zur längeren Kammerwand am unteren Ende der Schaltkammer 41a in diese ein, wobei das eine Schaltstück 10a unmittelbar hinter der inneren Kammerwand um 90 Grad in eine Richtung parallel der kurzen Seite der Schaltkammer 41a abgewinkelt ist, um kurz vor Erreichen der seitlichen Kammerwand erneut um 90 Grad in einen Richtung parallel eines Kammerbodens bzw. der Trennwand 43 abgewinkelt zu werden. Auf diese Weise wird ein Parallelversatz der beiden Schaltstücke 10a, 10b erzielt, in der Weise, dass beide in parallel zu einander verlaufenden Strombahnen in Richtung der längeren Kammerseite ausgerichtet sind. Sie verlaufen dabei von der Schaltkammerwand ausgehend jeweils zunächst unterhalb der Löschvorrichtungen 61, 62. Außerhalb der Löschvorrichtungen 61, 62 sind sie in der Weise schräg nach oben abgewinkelt, dass die beiden Festkontakte 11 in Höhe der Mitte der Löschvorrichtungen 61, 62 angeordnet sind. Zusammen mit den beweglichen Brückenschaltstücken 30 entsteht so im Ergebnis eine Lichtbogen-Leiteranordnung aus den zweiten Lichtbogenleitern 32 und ersten Lichtbogenleitern 12, deren Abstand sich in Richtung der Löschvorrichtungen 61, 62 vergrößert. Entlang der Lichtbogenleiter 12, 32 wird der Lichtbogen mit Hilfe eines magnetischen Blasfelds bis zu einer Länge aufweitet, die der Höhe der kompletten Löschvorrichtung 61 bzw. 62 entspricht.In the FIGS. 3a and 3b FIG. 2 are two perspective views of the switching arrangement according to FIG FIG. 1 , but without chamber walls of the switching chambers 41a, 41b, shown. The perspective in FIG. 3a corresponds to the FIG. 1 while the FIG. 3b a 90 degree rotated perspective shows. In contrast to the movable bridge switching pieces 30, the switching pieces 10a, 10b, 20a, 20b are designed differently with the fixed contact areas 11, 21 for the two poles of the switch, which are additionally described below with reference to FIGS FIGS. 3a and 3b to be discribed. In the case of the upper switching chamber 41 a of the one pole, the two contact piece carriers 10 a, 10 b respectively parallel to the longer chamber wall at the lower end of the switching chamber 41 a in this, wherein the one contact piece 10 a immediately behind the inner chamber wall by 90 degrees in a direction parallel to the short side of the switching chamber 41a is angled to be bent again just before reaching the lateral chamber wall by 90 degrees in a direction parallel to a chamber bottom or the partition wall 43. In this way, a parallel offset of the two contact pieces 10a, 10b is achieved, in such a way that both are aligned in parallel to each other current paths in the direction of the longer chamber side. Outside the extinguishing devices 61, 62, they are angled obliquely upward in such a way that the two fixed contacts 11 are arranged at the level of the center of the extinguishing devices 61, 62. As a result, together with the movable bridge contact pieces 30, an arc conductor arrangement arises from the second arc conductors 32 and first arc conductors 12, whose spacing increases in the direction of the extinguishing devices 61, 62. Along the arc conductors 12, 32, the arc is expanded by means of a magnetic blow field to a length corresponding to the height of the complete extinguishing device 61 and 62, respectively.

In der unteren Schaltkammer 41b des zweiten Pols sind die Schaltstücke 20a, 20b in ähnlicher Weise ausgeführt, jedoch mit dem Unterschied, dass beide Schaltstücke 20a, 20b unmittelbar nach Eintritt in die Schaltkammer 41b zunächst rechtwinklig in eine Richtung parallel zu der kurzen Seite der Schaltkammer 41 b abgewinkelt sind, so dass sie in Richtung auf den Kammerboden zu verlaufen. Das eine Schaltstück 20a wird anschließend erneut um 90 Grad in Richtung parallel zu der kurzen Kammerwand abgewinkelt, um vor der Kammerwand abermals rechtwinklig in Richtung parallel des Kammerbodens abgewinkelt zu werden. Auf diese Weise wird das Schaltstück 20a analog zur Schaltkammer 41a des ersten Pols entlang des Kammerbodens parallel zur längsseitigen Kammerwand geführt. Das zweite Schaltstück 20b ist im Bereich des Kammerbodens erneut rechtwinklig in der Weise abgebogen, dass es parallelversetzt zum ersten Schaltstück entlang des Kammerbodens verläuft. Analog zur Schaltkammer 41a des ersten Pols verlaufen die beiden Schaltstücke 20a, 20b von der Schaltkammerwand ausgehend zunächst unterhalb der Löschvorrichtungen 61, 62. Außerhalb derselben sind sie wieder schräg nach oben abgewinkelt, so dass die beiden feststehenden Kontaktbereiche 21 in Höhe der Mitte der Löschvorrichtungen 61, 62 angeordnet sind.In the lower switching chamber 41b of the second pole, the switching pieces 20a, 20b are designed in a similar manner, but with the difference that both switching pieces 20a, 20b immediately after entry into the switching chamber 41b initially at right angles in a direction parallel to the short side of the switching chamber 41st b are angled so that they run towards the bottom of the chamber. The one switching piece 20a is then again by 90 degrees in the direction parallel to the short Angled chamber wall to be angled in front of the chamber wall again at right angles in the direction parallel to the chamber bottom. In this way, the switching piece 20a is guided parallel to the longitudinal-side chamber wall analogously to the switching chamber 41a of the first pole along the chamber bottom. The second switching piece 20b is again bent at right angles in the region of the chamber bottom in such a way that it is parallel to the first contact piece along the chamber bottom. Analogous to the switching chamber 41a of the first pole, the two switching pieces 20a, 20b extend from the switching chamber wall initially below the extinguishing devices 61, 62. Outside the same, they are angled obliquely upward again, so that the two fixed contact areas 21 at the level of the center of the extinguishing devices 61st , 62 are arranged.

Durch die beschriebene Ausführungsform wird eine Schaltanordnung mit einem optimierten Lichtbogenlaufverhalten realisiert, in der Weise, dass die entstehenden Schaltlichtbögen unter Einwirkung magnetischer Blasfelder innerhalb sehr kurzer Zeiten gezielt in Richtung einer der Löschvorrichtung 61, 62 gelenkt werden. Durch die spezielle Ausführung der Schaltstücke 10a, 10b, 20a, 20b wird weiterhin erreicht, dass die Anschlüsse der Hauptstrombahnen bezüglich Lage und Einbautiefe wie bei einem mehrpoligen AC-Schalter angeordnet sind.By the described embodiment, a switching arrangement is realized with an optimized arc running behavior, in such a way that the resulting switching arcs are directed under the action of magnetic Blasfelder within very short times targeted towards one of the extinguishing device 61, 62. Due to the special design of the contact pieces 10a, 10b, 20a, 20b is further achieved that the connections of the main current paths are arranged with respect to position and depth as in a multi-pole AC switch.

Erfindungsgemäß ist bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform in jeder der beiden Schaltkammern 41a, 41b eine Anordnung von jeweils mindestens zwei Permanentmagneten 51a, 51b und einem Zusatzmagneten 51c angeordnet. Die zwei Magneten 51 a, 51b können beispielsweise außerhalb der Schaltkammern 41 a, 41b angeordnet sein, während der Zusatzmagnet 51c zur Beeinflussung des magnetischen Felds an der beweglichen Schaltbrücke 35 angeordnet ist, vorzugsweise jeweils in Höhe der beweglichen Kontaktbereiche 31. Zur Realisierung dieser Position sind die Brückenschaltstücke 30 beidseitig trapezförmig abgewinkelt. Im Ergebnis wird auf diese Weise eine kostengünstige Magnetanordnung mit einer vergleichsweise hohen Magnetfeldstärke im Bereich der Schaltkontakte realisiert.
Die permanentmagnetische Anordnung bewirkt, dass die beim Öffnen der Kontakte entstehenden Teillichtbögen auf Grund der wirkenden Lorentzkraft unabhängig von der Stromrichtung stets in Richtung von zwei der insgesamt vier Löschvorrichtungen 61, 62 bewegt und dort zum Erlöschen gebracht werden. Die Anordnung des Zusatzmagneten 51c unmittelbar im Bereich der Schaltkontakte ermöglicht die Erzeugung eines homogenes Magnetfelds von hoher Magnetfeldstärke, das auf Grund seiner Blaswirkung ein rasches Fortbewegen des Lichtbogens in Richtung der jeweiligen Löschvorrichtung 61, 62 ermöglicht und damit eine vergleichsweise kurze Verweilzeit des Lichtbogens zwischen den Kontaktbereichen 11, 31 und 21, 31 zur Folge hat, wodurch vorteilhaft der Abbrand der Kontakte vermindert und die Lebensdauer des Schalters gesteigert wird.According to the invention, an arrangement of in each case at least two permanent magnets 51a, 51b and an additional magnet 51c is arranged in each of the two switching chambers 41a, 41b in the illustrated embodiment. The two magnets 51 a, 51 b may, for example, be arranged outside the switching chambers 41 a, 41 b, while the additional magnet 51 c for influencing the magnetic field is arranged on the movable switching bridge 35, preferably in each case at the height of the movable contact areas 31 the bridge switching pieces 30 angled on both sides trapezoidal. As a result, a cost-effective magnet arrangement with a comparatively high magnetic field strength in the region of the switching contacts is realized in this way.
Due to the effective Lorentz force, the permanent magnetic arrangement causes the partial arcs that arise when the contacts are opened to be independent of the direction of flow always in the direction of two of the four total extinguishing devices 61, 62 are moved and extinguished there. The arrangement of the additional magnet 51c directly in the region of the switching contacts allows the generation of a homogeneous magnetic field of high magnetic field strength, which allows due to its blowing rapid propagation of the arc in the direction of the respective extinguishing device 61, 62 and thus a comparatively short residence time of the arc between the contact areas 11, 31 and 21, 31 result, which advantageously reduces the erosion of the contacts and the life of the switch is increased.

Die Permanentmagnete 51 a, 51b und 51c bestehen vorzugsweise aus ferritischem Material und/oder aus Material mit Anteilen seltener Erden, beispielsweise Nd-Fe-B oder Sa-Co und/oder aus Materialien, welche die Bildung kunststoffgebundener Formteile erlauben. Die Schaltkammergehäuse sind vorzugsweise aus Keramik oder Duroplast ausgeführt und in jeweils vier durch Schottwände abgetrennte Buchten unterteilt, die an einer Außenseite jeweils Ausblasöffnungen tragen.The permanent magnets 51 a, 51 b and 51 c are preferably made of ferritic material and / or of rare earth material, for example Nd-Fe-B or Sa-Co and / or of materials which permit the formation of plastic-bonded molded parts. The switching chamber housing are preferably made of ceramic or thermosetting plastic and divided into four bays separated by bulkheads, each carrying on one outer exhaust openings.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10a, 10b, 20a, 20b10a, 10b, 20a, 20b
Schaltstückecontact members
11, 2111, 21
Erste, feststehende KontaktbereicheFirst, fixed contact areas
12, 2212, 22
Erste, feststehende LichtbogenleiterFirst, fixed arc conductor
3030
BrückenschaltstückBridging contact member
3131
Zweiter, bewegbarer KontaktbereichSecond, movable contact area
3232
Zweite, bewegbare LichtbogenleiterSecond, movable arc conductor
3535
Bewegliche SchaltbrückeMovable switching bridge
41 a, 41 b41 a, 41 b
Schaltkammerninterrupters
4343
Trennwandpartition wall
51a, 51b51a, 51b
Magnetemagnets
51c51c
Zusatzmagnetadditional magnet
61,6261.62
Löschvorrichtungenfighting equipment
6565
Außenkante der LöschvorrichtungOuter edge of the extinguishing device
6666
Blechsheet

Claims (14)

  1. Switching arrangement, comprising at least one switching chamber (41b), wherein each switching chamber has
    - two contact pieces (20a, 20b), each with a first contact area (21),
    - a bridge contact piece (30), which is moveable with a switch bridge (35) and electrically conductive, with two second contact areas (31), configured to establish an electrically conductive connection between the first and second contact areas (21, 31) and to disconnect at least one of the second contact areas (31) from the respective first contact area (21), and
    - at least two magnets (51a, 51b) configured to generate a magnetic field, wherein the switching arrangement has a modular construction, wherein the switching arrangement includes only one first switching chamber (41b) for single pole service and is scalable by adding at least a second switching chamber (41a) for multi-pole service and wherein the connections for the main circuits or the contact pieces (20a, 20b) are arranged opposite at the same level relative to the installation depth of the switching device,
    characterised in that the switching arrangement is configured for multi-pole service in the shape of two switching chambers (41a, 41b) mounted on top of each other.
  2. Switching arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that two switching chambers (41a, 41b) are connected for two-pole service such that their opening sides face each other.
  3. Switching arrangement according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that for two-pole service, the switching chambers (41a, 41b) are electrically insulated from each other by a panel (43), wherein for single pole service, the panel (43) serves as a cover for the individual switching chamber housing (41a).
  4. Switching arrangement according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that in two-pole service, the two switching chambers (41a, 41b) have a common switch bridge (35) configured to move the bridge contact pieces (30).
  5. Switching arrangement according to claim 4, characterised in that an additional magnet (51c) is provided for each switching chamber (41a, 41b) to influence the magnetic field on the moveable switch bridge (35).
  6. Switching arrangement according to claim 5, characterised in that the additional magnet (51c), together with the switch bridge (35), is moveable in an area of the first and second disconnectable contact areas (11, 21, 31) in order to strengthen the magnetic field.
  7. Switching arrangement according to claim 5 or 6, characterised in that the additional magnet (51c) is arranged in a recess in the moveable switch bridge (35) at the height of the contact areas (31).
  8. Switching arrangement according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that the magnets (51a, 51b) are configured as at least two plate-shaped magnets, the surfaces whereof are arranged parallel to one another.
  9. Switching arrangement according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that at least two pieces of quenching equipment (61) are provided for a switching chamber to quench electrical arcs that can occur when disconnecting the first and second contact areas (11, 21, 31).
  10. Switching arrangement according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that four pieces of quenching equipment (61, 62) are provided for a switching chamber for polarity insensitive quenching of electric arcs that can occur when disconnecting the first and second contact areas (11, 21, 31).
  11. Switching arrangement according to claim 9 or 10, characterised in that first electric arc conductors (12) extend from the first contact areas (11, 21) and second electric arc conductors (32) from the second contact areas (31) in a direction of the quenching equipment (61, 62).
  12. Switching arrangement according to claim 11, characterised in that a distance between the first electric arc conductors (12) and the second electric arc conductors (32) increases in a direction of the quenching equipment (61, 62).
  13. Switching arrangement according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that each bridge contact piece (30) extends in a direction perpendicular to an extension direction of the contact pieces (10a, 10b, 20a, 20b).
  14. Switching arrangement according to any one of the previous claims, characterised by contact pieces (10a, 10b, 20a, 20b) for multi-pole service, wherein the contact pieces are configured such that the connections of the switching arrangement correspond to a multi-pole AC switch with regard to their position and / or mounting position.
EP12790577.6A 2011-11-24 2012-11-26 Switch arrangement for direct current operation with at least one switching chamber Active EP2783378B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12790577.6A EP2783378B1 (en) 2011-11-24 2012-11-26 Switch arrangement for direct current operation with at least one switching chamber

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11190517.0A EP2597665A1 (en) 2011-11-24 2011-11-24 Switch for direct current operation with at least one switching chamber
EP12790577.6A EP2783378B1 (en) 2011-11-24 2012-11-26 Switch arrangement for direct current operation with at least one switching chamber
PCT/EP2012/073646 WO2013076310A1 (en) 2011-11-24 2012-11-26 Switch for direct current operation having at least one circuit breaker chamber

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2783378A1 EP2783378A1 (en) 2014-10-01
EP2783378B1 true EP2783378B1 (en) 2017-05-31

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11190517.0A Withdrawn EP2597665A1 (en) 2011-11-24 2011-11-24 Switch for direct current operation with at least one switching chamber
EP12790577.6A Active EP2783378B1 (en) 2011-11-24 2012-11-26 Switch arrangement for direct current operation with at least one switching chamber

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11190517.0A Withdrawn EP2597665A1 (en) 2011-11-24 2011-11-24 Switch for direct current operation with at least one switching chamber

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US20140284310A1 (en)
EP (2) EP2597665A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2013076310A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9129761B2 (en) 2012-12-20 2015-09-08 Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg Switching device suitable for direct current operation
FR3014595B1 (en) * 2013-12-09 2016-02-05 Schneider Electric Ind Sas ELECTRICAL SWITCHING DEVICE
DE102014107950B4 (en) * 2014-06-05 2022-02-03 Wago Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh Connector assembly and release element for this
US9530593B1 (en) * 2015-08-19 2016-12-27 Carling Technologies, Inc. Electromagnetically assisted arc quench with pivoting permanent magnet
PL3144950T3 (en) * 2016-06-10 2019-09-30 Gorlan Team, S.L.U. Method and device for cutting off an electric current with dynamic magnetic blow-out
FR3089702B1 (en) * 2018-12-11 2020-12-25 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Prefabricated support for a rack-mountable electrical device and electrical device comprising such a support

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DE1236628B (en) * 1961-05-17 1967-03-16 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Electrical switch, especially contactor
US3806849A (en) * 1973-06-18 1974-04-23 Gen Electric Small definite purpose contactor
US4282414A (en) * 1979-08-30 1981-08-04 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Convertible switch operator
JPS5713628A (en) * 1980-06-27 1982-01-23 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Direct current electromagnetic contactor
DE3146780C2 (en) * 1981-11-25 1985-10-24 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Multiple contact arrangement
DE9422029U1 (en) * 1993-03-17 1997-09-18 Ellenberger & Poensgen GmbH, 90518 Altdorf Multi-pole circuit breaker
JP2965025B1 (en) * 1998-04-07 1999-10-18 富士電機株式会社 Circuit breaker
JP4009892B2 (en) * 2000-02-07 2007-11-21 富士電機機器制御株式会社 Circuit breaker contactor device
US6816353B2 (en) * 2000-11-20 2004-11-09 General Electric Company Electronic actuation for mechanically held contactors
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US7551050B2 (en) * 2006-09-22 2009-06-23 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Contactor assembly with arc steering system
DE102007054958A1 (en) 2007-11-17 2009-06-04 Moeller Gmbh Switching device for DC applications
JP5084779B2 (en) * 2008-11-27 2012-11-28 東京エレクトロン株式会社 Plug-in unit
EP2463877A1 (en) * 2010-12-07 2012-06-13 Eaton Industries GmbH Switch with arcing chamber
EP2463879A1 (en) * 2010-12-07 2012-06-13 Eaton Industries GmbH Switch with arcing chamber

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2783378A1 (en) 2014-10-01
WO2013076310A1 (en) 2013-05-30
EP2597665A1 (en) 2013-05-29
US20140284310A1 (en) 2014-09-25

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