EP2783067A1 - Releasing activators during wellbore operations - Google Patents
Releasing activators during wellbore operationsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2783067A1 EP2783067A1 EP12852230.7A EP12852230A EP2783067A1 EP 2783067 A1 EP2783067 A1 EP 2783067A1 EP 12852230 A EP12852230 A EP 12852230A EP 2783067 A1 EP2783067 A1 EP 2783067A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- activators
- fluid
- downhole fluid
- wellbore
- encapsulants
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/03—Specific additives for general use in well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/035—Organic additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
- C09K8/46—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement
- C09K8/467—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement containing additives for specific purposes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/50—Compositions for plastering borehole walls, i.e. compositions for temporary consolidation of borehole walls
- C09K8/516—Compositions for plastering borehole walls, i.e. compositions for temporary consolidation of borehole walls characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/003—Means for stopping loss of drilling fluid
Definitions
- This invention relates to wellbore operations and, more particularly, to releasing encapsulated activators during wellbore operations.
- Some wellbores for example, those of some oil and gas wells, use downhole fluids during operations such as drilling, cementing, and others.
- a downhole fluid may be introduced into an annular space between the casing/drill string and the surrounding earth.
- cementing the downhole fluid may secure the casing in the wellbore and prevent fluids from flowing vertically in the annulus between the casing and the surrounding earth.
- Different fluid formulations are designed for a variety of wellbore conditions and operating conditions, which may be above ambient temperature and pressure. In designing a fluid formulation, a number of potential mixtures may be evaluated to determine their mechanical properties under various conditions.
- a method for reducing material loss includes adding, to a downhole fluid circulated through a drill string, encapsulants encapsulating one or more activators. One or more parameters in a wellbore associated with a fault in operating conditions are determined. One or more energy waves in the downhole fluid configured to release the one or more activators from the encapsulants are emitted.
- FIGURE 1 is an example well system for producing fluids from a production zone
- FIGURE 2 is an example well system from producing fluids from a production zone
- FIGURES 3A and 3B illustrate an example activation device for activating cement slurry in a wellbore
- FIGURES 4A and 4B illustrate example processes for releasing activators in cement slurries
- FIGURE 5 is a flow chart illustrating an example method for updating one or more properties of downhole fluid.
- the present disclosure is directed to one or more well systems having a fluid delivery system that selectively releases activators configured to update one or more properties of a downhole fluid.
- the described system may release encapsulated active ingredients in selected subsurface locations in wells to substantially prevent loss of drilling fluid through a subsurface fracture or to control a formation fluid influx.
- a downhole fluid may include a settable material (e.g., cementing fluid), a drilling fluid, a completion fluid, a "kill" fluid (controls influxes), and/or others.
- the downhole fluid may be a cementing fluid such that the released chemicals accelerate the associated setting rate.
- the one or more updated properties may include a setting rate, viscosity, solubility, lubrication, static gel strength (SGS) development, density, compressive strength development, and/or others.
- the activators may be released in response to at least detecting formation pore fluid influx from or downhole fluid loss into one or more substerranean zones exceeding a predefined threshold and may be configured to activate and/or accelerate the setting process for a cement fluid or slurry in a wellbore.
- the system may provide one or more of the following: major savings to the customer would include savings of rig time ( ⁇ $500K/day for deepwater rigs); savings of lost drilling and cementing fluids; reducing cement WOC time, eliminating remedial cementing costs; savings of time waiting on less effective systems (i.e. like Portland cement) to set in +/- 8 hours; mitigate losses and/or influxes that cause loss of well control incidents ($millions damage costs) and/or others.
- activators are enclosed in a shell or at least partially enclosed in a shell and released in response to encapsulation failure triggered or otherwise initiated by the system.
- Encapsulation Shell Failure may include molecular resonation of fatigue fail chemical bonds, disruption of oriented structures of shells' emulsified interfacial phases, altering molecular surface charges of shell membranes, exceeding shell tensile or bond strengths to generate cracks or other openings in the encapsulating shells, resonance heating and expansion of internal phases to stress crack shells to induce internal phase leaks and/or releases, and/or other failure types caused or otherwise associated with energy waves.
- Energy waves may include sonic/ultrasonic acoustic sound signals, tuned frequency and/or amplitude oscillating pressure pulses (e.g. Coanda Effect), ultra-fast laser pulse induced desorption, vibrationally mediated photo dissociation, electromagnetic, radio, and/or microwave waveforms, laser ablation, and/or other wave types.
- pressure pulses e.g. Coanda Effect
- ultra-fast laser pulse induced desorption e.g. Coanda Effect
- vibrationally mediated photo dissociation e.g. Coanda Effect
- An operating fault may include loss of circulation fluid above a specified threshold, a stuck drilling pipe, a partially or fully occluded wellbore, uncontrolled formation fluid influxes (called "kicks"), underground blowouts (uncontrolled flows of formation fluids from one zone into another one), surface blowouts (uncontrolled flows of formation fluids to the surface), and/or others.
- the energy waves may directly update physical properties of chemicals in the downhole fluid by using one or more different mechanisms responsive to energy waves.
- the one or more different mechanisms may include modifying chemical properties, releasing chemicals, modifying physical properties (e.g., particle size), updating operating conditions (e.g., pressure, temperature), and/or other mechanisms responsive to energy waves.
- described systems may use energy waves to directly heat chemicals to increase their reaction rate with other materials.
- the system 100 is a cross-sectional well system 100 that updates properties of downhole fluids in response to at least detecting a operating fault.
- the well system 100 includes a production zone 102, a non-production zone 104, wellbore 106, downhole fluid 108, and encapsulants 110.
- the production zone 102 may be a subterranean formation including resources (e.g., oil, gas, water).
- the non-production zone 104 may be one or more formations that are isolated from the wellbore 106 using cement and/or other isolators.
- the zone 104 may include contaminants that, if mixed with the resources, may result in requiring additional processing of the resources and/or make production economically unviable.
- the downhole fluid 108 may be pumped or selectively positioned in the wellbore 106, and the properties of the downhole fluid 108 may be updated using the encapsulants 110.
- the encapsulants 110 may release activators in response to energy waves initiated by, for example, a user of the system 100. By remotely controlling the properties, a user may configure the system 100 without substantially interferencing with wellbore operations. While the figure illustrates using the encapsulants with cementing operations, the encapsulants 108 may be used during other types of operations such as drilling without departing from the scope of this disclosure.
- the wellbore 106 extends from a surface 112 to the production zone 102.
- the wellbore 106 may include a rig 114 that is disposed proximate to the surface 112.
- the rig 114 may be coupled to a casing 116 that extends the entire length of the wellbore or a substantial portion of the length of the wellbore 106 from about the surface 112 towards the production zones 102 (e.g., hydrocarbon-containing reservoir).
- the casing 116 can extend past the production zone 102.
- the casing 116 may extend to proximate a terminus 118 of the wellbore 106.
- the well 106 may be completed with the casing 116 extending to a predetermined depth proximate to the production zone 102.
- the wellbore 106 initially extends in a substantially vertical direction toward the production zone 102.
- the wellbore 106 may include other portions that are horizontal, slanted or otherwise deviated from vertical.
- the rig 114 may be centered over a subterranean oil or gas formation 102 located below the earth's surface 112.
- the rig 114 includes a work deck 124 that supports a derrick 126.
- the derrick 126 supports a hoisting apparatus 128 for raising and lowering pipe strings such as casing 116.
- Pump 130 is capable of pumping a variety of downhole fluids 108 (e.g., drilling fluid, cement) into the well and includes a pressure measurement device that provides a pressure reading at the pump discharge.
- the wellbore 106 has been drilled through the various earth strata, including formation 102. Upon completion of wellbore drilling, the casing 116 is often placed in the wellbore 106 to facilitate the production of oil and gas from the formation 102.
- the casing 116 is a string of pipes that extends down wellbore 106, through which oil and gas will eventually be extracted.
- a cement or casing shoe 132 is typically attached to the end of the casing string when the casing string is run into the wellbore.
- the casing shoe 132 guides the casing 116 toward the center of the hole and may minimize or otherwise decrease problems associated with hitting rock ledges or washouts in the wellbore 106 as the casing string is lowered into the well.
- the casing shoe 132 may be a guide shoe or a float shoe, and typically comprises a tapered, often bullet-nosed piece of equipment found on the bottom of the casing string 116.
- the casing shoe 132 may be a float shoe fitted with an open bottom and a valve that serves to prevent reverse flow, or U-tubing, of downhole fluid 108 from annulus 122 into casing 116 after the downhole fluid 108 has been placed into the annulus 122.
- the region between casing 116 and the wall of wellbore 106 is known as the casing annulus 122.
- casing 116 is usually "cemented" in wellbore 106, which is referred to as "primary cementing.”
- the downhole fluid 108 may be injected into the wellbore 106 through one or more ports 134 in the casing shoe 132.
- the downhole fluid 108 may flow through a hose 136 into the casing 116.
- the casing 116 may be supported by a liner hanger 138 near the bottom of a previous casing 120.
- the casing shoe 132 includes a wave generator 140 including any hardware, software or firmware configured to generate one or more energy waves proximate the terminus of the casing 116.
- the wave generator 140 may generate energy waves including one or more of the following: sonic and/or ultrasonic acoustic sound signals, tuned frequency and/or amplitude oscillating pressure pulses (e.g. Coanda Effect), ultra- fast laser pulse induced desorption, vibrationally mediated photodissociation, electromagnetic, radio, and/or microwave waveforms, laser ablation, and/or other wave types.
- the ESF wave types and characteristics may be selected to substantially match wave attributes configured to break or otherwise form openings in the specific encapsulating shells.
- the selected wave attributes may isolate and carry the internal phase materials into the wellbore 106 and deliver them to the desired location without significant leakage.
- the selected wave attributes may be utilized to spatially tune release of encapsulates to within the confines of the wellbore 106 or also material infiltrated into the formation.
- the activators may be delivered into pore space prior to activation, which may enable introducing co-reactants in place with mixed encapsulant systems.
- invert emulsion muds may be broken to facilitate recycling of the water and oil in refineries, oil production facilities, etc.
- the application may work by microwave (electromagnetic fields oscillating at 915 MHz) treating oil/water emulsions to destabilize them by breaking down the physical bonds holding the emulsion together.
- This type of wave energy may be absorbed by polar and/or charged molecules, including the water and the surfactants, charged solids and polar asphaltene aggregates that stabilize the emulsion interface.
- polar and/or charged molecules including the water and the surfactants, charged solids and polar asphaltene aggregates that stabilize the emulsion interface.
- the surface active molecules may begin to rotate and move about as they react to the changing fields. This may result in a breakdown of the surface and emulsion stability.
- these waves may break nanobubbles to release activators.
- micro-emulsions called nanobubbles in the downhole fluid may transport activators to precise locations within the wellbore where they are released by ultrasonic waves breaking the encapsulating micro -emulsions.
- ultrasonic/sonic ESF wave tools in the well may release the nanobubble encapsulated chemicals at the desired downhole locations without being exposed to contaminants that degrade performance in conventional placement methods.
- the system 100 may update properties of the downhole fluid 108 using the encapsulants 110 during one or more wellbore operations.
- the encapsulants 110 may be mixed into the downhole fluid 108 prior to entering the casing 116, and the downhole fluid 108 may then be pumped down the inside of the casing 116.
- the encapsulants 110 may include one or more activators that update the properties of the downhole fluid 108 in response to at least an energy wave.
- the leaking or otherwise released activators may trigger rapid gelation, hydration, swelling, expansion, foaming, and/or setting of at least a portion of the downhole fluid 108.
- the activators may trigger, intiate or increase a setting rate of LCM (Lost Circulation Material) and/or other drilling/completion/cementing fluid materials.
- LCM Long Circulation Material
- the LCM and/or other material systems may be placed either pumping them into a zone and/or behind a pipe (casing, liners, drillpipe), and/or they can be activated as they pass through an ESF wave downhole tool such as the generator 140 while being pumped down and out of a working string (as illustrated).
- the encapsulants 110 may infiltrate pore space of the formation, which may allow for in-situ reactions such as pore-throat sealing and/or formation stabilization.
- encapsulants 110 may be released in selected intervals of the well, which may increase downhole fluid viscosity to help slow down and control "kicks" migrating to the surface and to decrease or stop uncontrolled flows in underground or surface blowouts. Additionally, the infiltrated encapsulants 110 may be tailored for later PE applications such as acidizing. Later triggering or releasing acidic materials may be able to acidize from behind the filtercake. For instance, in response to detecting fluid loss reaches a specified threshold, the operator of the rig 114 may switch on the ESF wave tool 140 placed near the end of a work string via, for example, surface controls.
- both primary and remedial cementing may also utilize the encapsulated LCM or other encapsulated materials such as accelerators, surfactants, expanding agents (alumiunum powder, etc.), foaming agents, etc.
- the ESF wave tool 140 may be installed in the casing shoe or float collar 132 as discussed above.
- the tool 140 may be a non-retrievable, low-cost, and very small ESF tool such as the "Pulsonix" device (PE PSL product) or modified-version thereof that produces tuned frequency/amplitude oscillating pressure pulses (Coanda Effect) mounted either inside the bottom wiper plug or inside the float collar.
- the bottom wiper plug When the bottom wiper plug seats on the float collar and its rupture disc opens to bypass the cement slurry, part of the slurry flows enters the ESF wave tool's flow channel to start sending ESF waves into all the slurry flowing into the annulus 122.
- the encapsulated materials may be released and react in the annulus 122 and perform various functions such as sealing loss zones, accelerating cement strength development, controlling gas migration (shortening SGS transit times, activating latex or GasCheck additives, etc.), creating in-situ foam cement, etc.
- the ESF wave tool 140 is mounted in a sub at or near the bottom of the work string and either continually or selectively operated (sending out ESF waves).
- the latter may be started by a dropping a dart or ball or by the same surface on/off tool controlling signal described above for drilling operations.
- ESF waves may be incident a pill of LCM laden fluid while it is being pumped out the bit (not illustrated). As the ESF waves pass through the
- the encapsulated materials may be released to activate other LCM components creating the types of compounds for effective sealing of the loss zone formation.
- the activators may rapidly react chemically into soft sealing agglomerates, osmotically- swelling hard particles, and/or a combination of both and seal off the zone. If this proves not effective enough, a second type of LCM pill may be pumped in a similar fashion. In this case after passing the ESF wave tool and going out into the lost circulation zone, the LCM may begin to rapidly set into a hard sealing system.
- the customer may add encapsulated LCM into the total circulating mud volume that is pumped into and out of the well such as during drilling operations.
- the operator may flip a switch on the surface control panel to start sending out ESF waves from the ESF tool (located inside or near the drill bit) to convert the encapsulted LCM into a loss zone sealing LCM system.
- the ESF tool may be switched off as losses diminish and returns are re-established within specified guidelines.
- the encapsulant material may be utilized for real-time mud property alterations.
- the drilling fluid may be formulated to contain an encapsulated viscosity modifier, which upon release may specifically alter the fluid rheology in a near-bit region rather as compared with fluid cycling. Such spatial/temporal control may allow for rapid fluid tuning or may be used to establish highly viscous 'pills' in real-time for zonal isolation and/or other applicaitons.
- the potential encapsulated materials and descriptions of their system recipes and applications may be customized for a plurality of different types of operation. For example, a well may being drilled with SBM (synthetic based mud) and severe losses indicate a large size fracture is taking the SBM flow out of the well. The operator may decide to apply the LCM encapsulated systems and have a ESF wave tool installed in the drill bit.
- One encapsulated LCM component may be the water phase of the SBM invert emulsion that contains high concentrations of cement acceleration chemicals such as CaCl 2 .
- Other LCM system components may be selected based on the downhole sealant properties to seal large fractures.
- the operator may select a hard setting sealant "pill” with dry powdered cement and a second encapsulated component such as "dry emulsion" powder of LATEX 2000 (cement) added to the synthetic oil phase of the SBM to make a "pill” in the "slugging pit" on the rig.
- This pill may be a substantially improved version of the old LCM system called DOC (diesel oil cement) where the oil is an inert carrying fluid for the cement.
- DOC diesel oil cement
- the new LCM system may also utilizes the synthetic oil as an inert carrying fluid for both the cement and encapsulated latex.
- the SBM's water phase may carry the cement's accelerating agent and hydration mixwater.
- the ESF wave tool may be tuned to break the SBM invert emulsion and may be switched on as the new LCM "pill" exits the drill bit.
- the ESF waves break the invert emulsion and release the SBM water phase that mixes and reacts with the cement and latex to create a fast setting sealant squeezed into and plugging the fracture near the wellbore.
- the geneator 140 may emit one or more energy waves before, during, and/or after the pumping is complete to release one or more chemicals from the encapsulants 110.
- the encapsulants 110 may release chemicals that update the properties of the downhole fluid 108 in the annulus 122.
- the casing 116 may be affixed to the adjacent ground material with set cement as illustrated in FIGURES 2.
- the casing 116 comprises a metal. After setting, the casing 116 may be configured to carry a fluid, such as air, water, natural gas, or to carry an electrical line, tubular string, or other elements.
- a settable slurry 108 including encapsulants 110 may be pumped into annulus 122 by a pump truck (not illustrated). While the following discussion will center on the settable slurry 108 comprising a downhole fluid 108, the settable slurry 108 may include other compounds such as resin systems, settable muds, conformance fluids, lost circulation, and/or other settable compositions. Example cement slurries 108 are discussed in more detail below.
- the encapsulants 110 may release activators to activate or otherwise increase the setting rate of the downhole fluid 108 in response to at least ultrasound. In other words, the released activators may activate the downhole fluid 108 to set cement in the annulus 122.
- the encapsulants 110 may release an activator that initiates or accelerates the setting of the downhole fluid 108.
- the downhole fluid 108 may remain in a substantially slurry state for a specified period of time, and the encapsulants 1 10 may activate the cement slurry in response to ultrasound.
- ultrasound may crack, break or otherwise form one or more holes in the encapsulants 1 10 to release the activators.
- the ultrasound may generate heat that melts one or more holes in the encapsulants 1 10.
- the encapsulants 1 10 enclose the activators with, for example, a membrane such as a polymer (e.g., polystyrene, ethylene/ vinyl acetate copolymer, polymethylmethacrylate, polyurethanes, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polyvinylalcohol, polyvinylacetate, hydrolyzed ethylene/ vinyl acetate, or copolymers thereof).
- a membrane such as a polymer (e.g., polystyrene, ethylene/ vinyl acetate copolymer, polymethylmethacrylate, polyurethanes, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polyvinylalcohol, polyvinylacetate, hydrolyzed ethylene/ vinyl acetate, or copolymers thereof).
- the encapsulant 1 10 may include other materials responsive to ultrasound.
- the encapsulant 1 10 may include a polymer membrane that ultrasonically degrades to release the enclosed activators.
- an ultrasonic signal may structurally change the membrane to release the activators such as, for example, opening a preformed slit in the encapsulants 1 10.
- at least one dimension of the encapsulants 1 10 may be microscopic such as in range from 10 nanometers (nm) to 15,000 nm.
- the dimensions of the encapsulants 1 10 may be on a scale of a few tens to about one thousand nanometers and may have one or more external shapes including spherical, cubic, oval and/or rod shapes.
- the encapsulants 1 10 can be shells with diameters in the range from about 10 nm to about 1 ,000 nm.
- the encapsulants 1 10 can include a diameter in a range from about 15 micrometers to about 10,000 micrometers.
- the encapsulants 1 10 may be made of metal (e.g., gold) and/or of non-metallic material (e.g., carbon).
- the encapsulants 1 10 may be coated with materials to enhance their tendency to disperse in the downhole fluid 108.
- the encapsulants 1 10 may be dispersed in the cement slurry at a concentration of 10 5 to 10 9 capsules/cm 3 .
- the encapsulants 1 10 are a shell selected from the group consisting of a polystyrene, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, and polymethylmethacrylate, polyurethanes, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polyvinylalcohol, polyvinylacetate, hydrolyzed ethylene/vinyl acetate, and copolymers thereof.
- FIGURE 2 illustrates a cross sectional view of the well system 100 including activated set cement 202 in at least a portion of the subterranean zone 104.
- the encapsulants 1 10 released activators in response to at least detecting a loss of the downhole fluid 108 such that the fluid 108 including the chemicals were positioned in the fault 204 to the set cement 202.
- the cement slurry 108 flowed into the annulus 122 through the casing 116 and further into the fault 204.
- the encapsulants 110 in the slurry 108 released one or more chemicals configured to accelerate the setting rate of the slurry 108.
- the energy waves may be emitted for a specified period of time to substantially limit the formation of the set cement 204 in the fault 202.
- an initial amount of the cement slurry 108 may be exposed to energy waves such that the setting period may be substantially equal to a period of time for the setting cement slurry 108 to enter to the fault 204.
- FIGURES 3 A and 3B illustrate an example encapsulant 110 of FIGURE 1 in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
- the encapsulant 110 is substantially spherical but may be other shapes as discussed above.
- the encapsulant 110 is a shell 302 encapsulating one or more activators 304 as illustrated in FIGURE 3B.
- the encapsulant 110 releases one or more stored activators 304 in response to at least one or more energy waves.
- the encapsulant 110 may crack or otherwise form one or more holes in response to at least the energy waves.
- the illustrated encapsulant 110 is for example purposes only, and the encapsulant 110 may include some, none, or all of the illustrated elements without departing from the scope of this disclosure.
- FIGURES 4A and 4B illustrate an example implementation of the encapsulant 110 including an opening configured to release one or more activators.
- the encapsulants 110 may release activators by heating one or more portions to form at least one opening, destroying or otherwise removing one or more portions, and/or other processes for forming an opening in the shell 302.
- the following implementations are for illustration purposes only, and the encapsulants 110 may release activators using some, all or none of these processes.
- the encapsulant 110 forms an opening through heat formed from wave energy.
- the ultrasonic signals may directly heat the membrane of the encapsulant 110 and/or heat the surrounding downhole fluid 108 to a temperature above the melting point.
- the encapsulant 110 may be a gold shell that when vibrated at its natural frequency melts at least a portion of the shell to release the enclosed activators. In these instances, the generated heat may melt or otherwise deform the shell to form an opening.
- the encapsulant 110 may be other materials such as a polymer. Referring to FIGURE 4B, the encapsulant 110 forms cracks, breaks, or openings in the shell in response one or more energy waves. For example, an ultrasonic signal may crack or otherwise destroy portions of the encapsulant 110. In some implementations, the ultrasound may form defects in the membrane of the shell 302 and, as a result, form one or more openings as illustrated.
- FIGURES 5 is a flow diagram illustrating an example method 500 for releasing one or more chemicals in response to at least an operating fault.
- the illustrated methods are described with respect to well system 100 of FIGURE 1, but these methods could be used by any other system.
- well system 100 may use any other techniques for performing these tasks. Thus, many of the steps in these flowcharts may take place simultaneously and/or in different order than as shown.
- the well system 100 may also use methods with additional steps, fewer steps, and/or different steps, so long as the methods remain appropriate.
- step 502 activators are selected based, at least in part, on one or more parameters.
- the encapsulants 110 and the enclosed chemicals may be selected be based, at least in part, on components of the downhole fluid 108 and/or current wellbore operations.
- the encapsulants 110 may be selected based on downhole conditions (e.g., temperature).
- the selected activators are mixed with a downhole fluid.
- the encapsulants 110 may be mixed with the downhole fluid 108 as the truck 130 pumps the fluid 108 into the casing 116.
- the encapsulants 110 may be mixed with dry ingredients prior to generating the downhole fluid 108.
- the downhole fluid, including the activators is pumped downhole.
- the downhole fluid 108 including the encapsulants 110 may be pumped into the annulus 122 at a specified rate.
- an indication of operating fault is received. For example, the system 100 may detect that a fluid loss exceeds a threshold, a partially occluded wellbore, a stuck pipe, and/or other operating faults.
- an energy wave I selected based on the type of fault may include a plurality of different types of encapsulants 110 such that each type releases the associated chemicals in response to a different energy wave.
- the system 100 may be prepared to address a plurality of different operating faults.
- One or more enegy waves are transmitted to the at least a portion of the downhole fluid at step 512.
- the generator 134 may transmit signals at a portion of the downhole fluid 108.
- the transmitted signals may release chemicals proximate the shoe 132 to update one or more properties of that portion of the downhole fluid 108.
- the casing 116 may be moved (e.g., up/down) to assist in distributing the activators as desired.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US13/302,982 US20130126164A1 (en) | 2011-11-22 | 2011-11-22 | Releasing activators during wellbore operations |
PCT/US2012/059522 WO2013077947A1 (en) | 2011-11-22 | 2012-10-10 | Releasing activators during wellbore operations |
Publications (2)
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EP2783067A1 true EP2783067A1 (en) | 2014-10-01 |
EP2783067A4 EP2783067A4 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
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EP12852230.7A Withdrawn EP2783067A4 (en) | 2011-11-22 | 2012-10-10 | Releasing activators during wellbore operations |
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CA (1) | CA2853441C (en) |
EA (1) | EA201490848A1 (en) |
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WO (1) | WO2013077947A1 (en) |
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2011
- 2011-11-22 US US13/302,982 patent/US20130126164A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2012
- 2012-10-10 WO PCT/US2012/059522 patent/WO2013077947A1/en active Application Filing
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- 2012-10-10 AU AU2012341053A patent/AU2012341053A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-10-10 CA CA2853441A patent/CA2853441C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2012-10-10 BR BR112014012266A patent/BR112014012266A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-10-10 MX MX2014006127A patent/MX348275B/en active IP Right Grant
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2016
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CA2853441A1 (en) | 2013-05-30 |
MX348275B (en) | 2017-06-02 |
CA2853441C (en) | 2016-08-16 |
AU2016202803A1 (en) | 2016-05-26 |
AR088878A1 (en) | 2014-07-16 |
AU2012341053A1 (en) | 2014-05-15 |
MX2014006127A (en) | 2014-08-27 |
BR112014012266A2 (en) | 2017-05-23 |
WO2013077947A1 (en) | 2013-05-30 |
US20130126164A1 (en) | 2013-05-23 |
EA201490848A1 (en) | 2014-11-28 |
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