EP2778215A1 - Composition de lubrifiant - Google Patents

Composition de lubrifiant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2778215A1
EP2778215A1 EP14158286.6A EP14158286A EP2778215A1 EP 2778215 A1 EP2778215 A1 EP 2778215A1 EP 14158286 A EP14158286 A EP 14158286A EP 2778215 A1 EP2778215 A1 EP 2778215A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lubricant
molybdenum
lubricant composition
tungsten
oil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14158286.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Holger Auler
Axel Dietrich
Michael Esper
Carl K. Esche
David Boudreau
Mihir K. Patel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pantere & Co KG GmbH
Vanderbilt Chemicals LLC
Original Assignee
Pantere & Co KG GmbH
Vanderbilt Chemicals LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pantere & Co KG GmbH, Vanderbilt Chemicals LLC filed Critical Pantere & Co KG GmbH
Publication of EP2778215A1 publication Critical patent/EP2778215A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/12—Reaction products
    • C10M159/18—Complexes with metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M141/02 - C10M141/10
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/09—Complexes with metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/50—Emission or smoke controlling properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/54—Fuel economy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines

Definitions

  • the Kyoto Protocol provides for a reduction in the annual greenhouse gas emissions of the industrialized countries within the so-called first commitment period (2008-2012) by an average of 5.2 percent compared to the level of 1990.
  • the greenhouse gases regulated by the Kyoto Protocol include the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
  • CO 2 emissions are mainly produced by burning fossil fuels, such as gasoline and diesel fuel. For this reason, the global transportation sector, which is expected to be dependent on fossil fuels for the foreseeable future, plays an important and significant role.
  • An emission standard for motor vehicles sets limits for carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO X ), hydrocarbons (HC) and particulate matter (PM) and subdivides the vehicles into pollutant classes, to which certain emission code numbers are assigned, which are used, inter alia, to calculate the road tax and the assignment to pollutant groups for environmental zones.
  • the limits differ for both the type of the engine (gasoline or diesel) as well as for the type of vehicle (cars, trucks and buses, cycles and mopeds) and are subject to increasing scrutiny in the European Community.
  • the types of vehicles found today in all areas of the transportation sector such as passenger cars, commercial vehicles and buses, motorcycles and mopeds, stationary facilities and marine propulsion and auxiliary machinery, use as an energy source fossil fuels, such as gasoline and diesel fuel, light and heavy fuel oils or gases.
  • fossil fuels such as gasoline and diesel fuel, light and heavy fuel oils or gases.
  • the combustion of these fossil fuels produces greenhouse gases, in particular carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as a reference value.
  • CO 2 carbon dioxide
  • the road traffic in Germany contributes to about 20% of the CO 2 emissions, making it one of the largest producers of CO 2 emissions.
  • the engines used in the transportation sector are subject to extreme demands and operating conditions. Many factors affect the service life, the performance, the driving characteristics, the emissions and much more.
  • a key component for the optimal operation of the engines is the appropriate selection of the engine oil (lubricant).
  • High-quality engine oils especially partially and/or fully synthetic formulations have a positive impact on all relevant factors.
  • beneficial effects such as reducing the internal friction, reliable lubrication of the moving parts, long-term aging stability (Long-Life), build-up of wear-resistant coatings, good cold start behavior, prevention of deposits and good transport of contaminants, the viscosity gains increasing importance.
  • Oil-soluble liquid organic molybdenum compounds are known for use as additives for lubricant compositions.
  • Organic molybdenum amide complexes are known, for example, from EP 0 546 357 B1 , which can be prepared by the reacting fatty oils with an amino compound and a molybdenum source.
  • organic molybdenum complexes are used due to their friction-reducing (antifriction) and wear-reducing properties and as antioxidants in lubricant additives, for example for engine oils.
  • a commercially available lubricant additive is MOLYVAN ® 855 distributed by Vanderbilt Chemicals, LLC, which comprises molybdenum complexes of N, N-bis(hydroxyethyl) cocoalkyl amides.
  • the oil soluble molybdenum additive MOLYVAN ® 855 is also mentioned in patent US 5,641,731 A , which teaches as preferred a total content of 0.1 wt.-% to 2 wt.-% of molybdenum in the lubricant.
  • Patent US 4,889,647 discloses organic molybdenum complexes of the aforementioned type as well as structural chemical formulas and manufacturing methods for these compounds; for example, the compounds can be produced from seed oils such as coconut oil, diethanolamine, and molybdenum trioxide.
  • Organic molybdenum complexes that are chemically very similar to these compounds are described in EP 0 546 357 B1 . These are also fatty oil amides, wherein the fatty oil is reacted with a 2-(2-aminoethyl) amino ethanol.
  • Lubricating oil compositions containing alkyl ammonium tungstate compounds having anti-friction and abrasion-reducing properties are described in EP 1 618 172 B1 .
  • organo-ammonium metal compounds consisting of polytungstate ions and dialkyl-ammonium ions of the type R 2 NH 2 + , wherein the radicals -R are long-chain alkyl groups.
  • di-tridecyl ammonium tungstate which can be prepared by reacting tungstic acid hydrate with di-tridecylamine.
  • a dialkyl ammonium tungstate compound of the aforementioned type as a lubricant additive is offered by the company Vanderbilt Chemicals, LLC. under the product name VANLUBE ® W 324.
  • US 7,879,777 B2 describes an additive for a lubricating composition which contains a combination of three components, namely a secondary diarylamine antioxidant, an organic molybdenum compound and an organo-ammonium tungsten compound.
  • the organic molybdenum compound may be, for example, a dialkyl-dithio-carbamate or the aforementioned MOLYVAN ® 855 (Vanderbilt Chemicals, LLC).
  • Various organo-ammonium tungsten compounds may be used.
  • weight ratios of these compounds are recommended, wherein the amount of tungsten in the additive is greater than the amount of molybdenum.
  • the recommended weight ratio of molybdenum to tungsten in the additive is 1:2 to 1:8.5, assuming the indicated lower limit and upper limits, respectively. Even if one selects the maximum amount of the specified range for molybdenum (350 ppm) and the minimum amount of the specified range for tungsten (100 ppm), the ratio of molybdenum: tungsten is about 3.5:1. Furthermore, for this conventional lubricant composition, a maximum content of 350 ppm (0.035 wt.-%) is recommended; larger amounts of molybdenum are viewed as critical to avoid, because they cause formation of deposits in the lubricant so that the lubricant no longer meets the required standards (GF-5 specification).
  • the lubricant composition is a composition which in addition to other components, is comprised of at least one organic molybdenum compound, also at least one alkyl- or aryl-substituted ammonium tungstate, with the proviso that the ratio by weight of molybdenum to tungsten in the lubricant is at least 2.5:1.
  • the lubricant composition has a minimum amount of Mo at greater than 350 ppm, and more preferably, at a maximum of 700 ppm.
  • the lubricant composition according to the invention can be used, for example, for engine oils, but applications as transmission oil or hydraulic oil may also be considered.
  • the weight ratio of molybdenum to tungsten in the lubricant may be between about 3:1 and about 10:1.
  • a weight ratio of molybdenum to tungsten in the lubricant is between about 4:1 and about 8:1.
  • the weight ratio of molybdenum to tungsten in the lubricant is in the order of at least about 5:1.
  • the reason for this may be that the respective organic compounds of molybdenum and tungsten decompose or oxidize when present in larger weight proportions, causing deposits of decomposition and/or oxidation products of these compounds in the lubricant, which may significantly diminish their properties by, for example, causing increased abrasion and increased coefficients of friction or adherence of such products to engine parts.
  • the maximum solubility of the organic molybdenum and tungsten compounds in the lubricant may also play a role.
  • the compounds of the invention have good initial oil solubility; however, chemical changes can be introduced in these compounds by aging and/or temperature effects during operation, also in conjunction with other components of the lubricant, which could then lower the solubility in the lubricant.
  • the organic molybdenum compound may be added to the lubricant in an amount such that the amount of molybdenum in the lubricant is less than 0.1 wt.-% Mo based on the total weight of the lubricant composition. More preferably, the amount of molybdenum in the lubricant is less than about 0.07 wt.-% (700 ppm) and greater than about 0.038 wt.-% (380 ppm) Mo based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.
  • the ammonium tungstate is preferably added to the lubricant composition in an amount such that the amount of tungsten in the lubricant is less than 0.05 wt.-% based on the total weight of the lubricant composition. More preferably, the amount of tungsten in the lubricant is less than or equal to 0.02 wt.-% (200 ppm) based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.
  • the amount of tungsten in the lubricant may, for example, only be about 0.01 wt.-% (100 ppm) or below 100 ppm, for example in the range from about 50 ppm to about 95 ppm.
  • an organic molybdenum compound in the form of an organic molybdenum complex is used, which is prepared starting from at least one long chain fatty oil, diethanolamine or 2-(2-aminoethyl) amino ethanol, and molybdenum trioxide.
  • the long chain fatty acid oil is an oil of a saturated fatty acid having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, in particular selected from the group comprising caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid, or an unsaturated fatty acid with up to 18 C-atoms, in particular oleic acid or linoleic acid, or a mixture of two or more fatty acid oils of the aforementioned type.
  • organic molybdenum compounds of the aforedescribed type can be used, as are present in the additive having the trade name MOLYVAN ® 855 manufactured by the company Vanderbilt Chemicals, LLC, which has been mentioned above, as well as in the corresponding cited patents.
  • an ammonium tungstate in the form of an organo-ammonium metal compound is used, including polytungstate ions and dialkyl-ammonium ions of the type R 2 NH 2 + , wherein the radicals -R are long chain alkyl groups, for example, tridecyl groups.
  • Another object of the present invention is a method for preparing a lubricant composition of the aforementioned type, wherein the lubricant composition is prepared by adding one or more additives to a base lubricant composition.
  • the lubricant composition according to the invention may be prepared, for example, by adding to a lubricant base composition a first additive containing the organic molybdenum compound in a higher concentration and a second additive containing the ammonium tungstate in a higher concentration, wherein the first additive and the second additive are each added to the lubricant composition in a suitable amount resulting in the respective percentages of molybdenum and tungsten and the weight ratio of molybdenum to tungsten in the final lubricating composition commensurate with the above results.
  • the lubricant composition can also be prepared by using only a single additive, wherein in this variant the additive includes both the organic molybdenum compound in a higher concentration as well as the ammonium tungstate in a higher concentration, wherein the additive contains the molybdenum compound and the ammonium tungstate in a defined relative weight ratio and wherein the additive with the aforementioned combined ingredients is added to the lubricant composition in such an amount so that the respective percentage of molybdenum and tungsten, as well as the weight ratio of molybdenum to tungsten, results in the final lubricant composition commensurate with the above discussion.
  • VANLUBE ® W 324 organic ammonium tungsten compound
  • MOLYVAN ® 855 organic molybdenum compound
  • Friction and wear characteristics were measured in tests with a vibration-friction-wear tester (SRV), whereby different oils for truck engines having compositions according to the invention were tested with the two molybdenum and tungsten compounds mentioned in Example 1 and having varying composition ratios and compared with a reference oil LSAP 10W-40, which did not contain these compounds.
  • SRV vibration-friction-wear tester
  • a steel ball was moved back and forth under pressure on a steel plate with an oscillating motion.
  • the ability of the inventive combination to retain or improve the frictional performance of an aged lubricating oil was tested.
  • the aforementioned molybdenum compound and the tungsten compound were combined with the reference oil of Example 1.
  • oils were subjected to a modified High Temperature Corrosion Bench Test (HTCBT).
  • HTCBT High Temperature Corrosion Bench Test
  • the HTCBT test herein was based on the ASTM test method D6594, but modified such that the temperature was increased to 165°C, and test length reduced to 48 hours.
  • the friction response of the oxidatively aged oil was measured using a PCS Instruments MTM2 Mini-Traction Machine. The friction versus velocity (Stribeck curve) was determined for each fresh and aged oil at temperatures of 60°C- 140°C in 20 °C intervals.
  • SFC Stribeck Friction Coefficient
  • Oil 9 is a comparative composition using molybdenum and tungsten values described in US 7,879,777 B2 .
  • Comparative Oil 9 which has less than the required inventive amount of molybdenum (i.e. at least 350 ppm) does not impart improved frictional performance by reducing the SFC relative to the reference oil.
  • oils 10-12 show that the inventive combinations of molybdenum and tungsten impart improved frictional performance to the oils, even after the oils have been severely oxidatively stressed. It is noteworthy that in comparing Oils 11 and 9, each with the same Mo:W ratio, it is the critical minimum amount of Mo that is responsible for the large improvement, despite the prior art recommendation to avoid such a high amount. This benefit is particularly substantial at elevated working temperatures.
EP14158286.6A 2013-03-13 2014-03-07 Composition de lubrifiant Withdrawn EP2778215A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201361779563P 2013-03-13 2013-03-13
DE102013112454.2A DE102013112454A1 (de) 2013-11-13 2013-11-13 Schmiermittelzusammensetzung

Publications (1)

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EP2778215A1 true EP2778215A1 (fr) 2014-09-17

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EP (1) EP2778215A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102013112454A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105542912A (zh) * 2016-01-07 2016-05-04 北京雅士科莱恩石油化工有限公司 一种高粘度修复型降低尾气的发动机抗磨剂及其制备方法

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KR101928565B1 (ko) 2015-06-18 2018-12-14 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 윤활제 조성물
US10336959B2 (en) 2015-07-16 2019-07-02 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricants with calcium-containing detergent and their use for improving low speed pre-ignition
US10421922B2 (en) 2015-07-16 2019-09-24 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricants with magnesium and their use for improving low speed pre-ignition
US10280383B2 (en) 2015-07-16 2019-05-07 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricants with molybdenum and their use for improving low speed pre-ignition
US10214703B2 (en) 2015-07-16 2019-02-26 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricants with zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate and their use in boosted internal combustion engines
US10550349B2 (en) * 2015-07-16 2020-02-04 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricants with titanium and/or tungsten and their use for improving low speed pre-ignition
US10377963B2 (en) 2016-02-25 2019-08-13 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricants for use in boosted engines
US11155764B2 (en) 2016-05-05 2021-10-26 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricants for use in boosted engines
US11015987B2 (en) * 2016-06-07 2021-05-25 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Temperature estimation method
US10443558B2 (en) 2017-01-18 2019-10-15 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricants with calcium and magnesium-containing detergents and their use for improving low-speed pre-ignition and for corrosion resistance
US10370615B2 (en) 2017-01-18 2019-08-06 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricants with calcium-containing detergents and their use for improving low-speed pre-ignition
US10443011B2 (en) 2017-01-18 2019-10-15 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricants with overbased calcium and overbased magnesium detergents and method for improving low-speed pre-ignition
FR3083244B1 (fr) 2018-07-02 2020-07-17 Total Marketing Services Composition pour refroidir et lubrifier un systeme de propulsion d'un vehicule electrique ou hybride
FR3088073B1 (fr) * 2018-11-05 2021-07-23 Total Marketing Services Utilisation d'un diester pour ameliorer les proprietes anti-usure d'une composition lubrifiante
CN114874760B (zh) * 2022-01-27 2023-07-18 深圳市利特能源技术有限公司 一种抗磨减阻剂主剂及其制备方法、抗磨减阻剂及其制备方法和应用

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EP0546357B1 (fr) 1991-12-09 1995-04-26 R.T. VANDERBILT COMPANY, Inc. Complèxes organiques de molybdène
US5641731A (en) 1994-11-04 1997-06-24 Ashland, Inc. Motor oil performance-enhancing formulation
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US20090029888A1 (en) * 2005-07-12 2009-01-29 Ramanathan Ravichandran Amine tungstates and lubricant compositions
US20110237475A1 (en) * 2010-03-25 2011-09-29 R.T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. Ultra Low Phosphorus Lubricant Composition Incorporating Amine Tungstate

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US4889647A (en) 1985-11-14 1989-12-26 R. T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. Organic molybdenum complexes
EP0546357B1 (fr) 1991-12-09 1995-04-26 R.T. VANDERBILT COMPANY, Inc. Complèxes organiques de molybdène
US5641731A (en) 1994-11-04 1997-06-24 Ashland, Inc. Motor oil performance-enhancing formulation
WO2004094574A1 (fr) * 2003-04-22 2004-11-04 R.T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. Composes de tungstate et de molybdate d'organoammonium et leur procede de preparation
EP1618172B1 (fr) 2003-04-22 2012-01-11 R.T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. Compositions d'huile lubrifiante comprenant du di-tridécyl ammonium tungstate
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US20070203033A1 (en) * 2006-05-05 2007-08-30 R. T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. Antioxidant Additive for Lubricant Compositions, Comprising Organotungstate, Diarylamine and Organomolybdenum Compounds
US7879777B2 (en) 2006-05-05 2011-02-01 R.T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. Antioxidant additive for lubricant compositions, comprising organotungstate, diarylamine and organomolybdenum compounds
US20110237475A1 (en) * 2010-03-25 2011-09-29 R.T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. Ultra Low Phosphorus Lubricant Composition Incorporating Amine Tungstate

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105542912A (zh) * 2016-01-07 2016-05-04 北京雅士科莱恩石油化工有限公司 一种高粘度修复型降低尾气的发动机抗磨剂及其制备方法
CN105542912B (zh) * 2016-01-07 2018-06-01 北京雅士科莱恩石油化工有限公司 一种高粘度修复型降低尾气的发动机抗磨剂及其制备方法

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DE102013112454A1 (de) 2015-05-28
US20140274840A1 (en) 2014-09-18

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