EP2753823A2 - Francis turbine or francis pump or francis pump turbine - Google Patents
Francis turbine or francis pump or francis pump turbineInfo
- Publication number
- EP2753823A2 EP2753823A2 EP12741259.1A EP12741259A EP2753823A2 EP 2753823 A2 EP2753823 A2 EP 2753823A2 EP 12741259 A EP12741259 A EP 12741259A EP 2753823 A2 EP2753823 A2 EP 2753823A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- impeller
- ring
- francis
- spiral
- turbine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
- F03B3/16—Stators
- F03B3/18—Stator blades; Guide conduits or vanes, e.g. adjustable
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
- F03B3/02—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto with radial flow at high-pressure side and axial flow at low-pressure side of rotors, e.g. Francis turbines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
- F03B11/04—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator for diminishing cavitation or vibration, e.g. balancing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
- F03B3/12—Blades; Blade-carrying rotors
- F03B3/125—Rotors for radial flow at high-pressure side and axial flow at low-pressure side, e.g. for Francis-type turbines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
- F03B3/16—Stators
- F03B3/18—Stator blades; Guide conduits or vanes, e.g. adjustable
- F03B3/183—Adjustable vanes, e.g. wicket gates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
- F03B3/16—Stators
- F03B3/18—Stator blades; Guide conduits or vanes, e.g. adjustable
- F03B3/186—Spiral or volute casings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Definitions
- the invention relates to a Francis turbine or pump or pump turbine, in particular the distributor of such a turbine, which is used to supply the
- Francis turbines are adapted to different operating conditions by adjusting the vanes. Nevertheless, especially under
- baffles may be formed as fins, which are oriented in the axial direction. This form leads to a suppression of the
- variable baffles have been developed which
- baffles can be pivoted about an axis parallel to the machine axis according to the operating conditions.
- Further types of baffles are oriented parallel to the wall surfaces of the suction tube and thus prevent by the stabilization of the flow between baffle and suction tube wall a detachment of flow areas.
- this construction also reduces the energy yield of the turbines.
- static or variable designs increase the expense of turbine manufacture and maintenance and are therefore a cost-relevant factor.
- other measures are known, but they are either expensive or worsen the efficiency of the machine. See DE 102 13 774 AI.
- a hitherto unrecognized problem lies in the following: All traverses of the truss ring so far have the same geometry. However, the volute is not ideal rotationally symmetric. Especially with pump turbines with different flow opening this asymmetry is thereby reinforced.
- the invention has for its object to design a hydraulic machine of the type mentioned above such that the asymmetry of the flow decreases and thus the flow in the region of the truss ring is uniform.
- the core idea of the invention is to provide an outer vane ring in addition to the truss ring. The flow thus emerges from the
- a portion of the truss ring with larger trusses extends over a portion of the circumference of the impeller, starting at the beginning of the spiral, and a portion of the truss ring with smaller trusses extends beyond the wider circumference of the impeller to the end of the spiral.
- the size of the trusses thus decreases until the end of the spiral. The decrease can be continuous.
- An advantageous embodiment is to arrange the vanes of the outer vane ring (thus of the first through-flow) to the end of the spiral, but not at the beginning of the spiral.
- Another idea is to use the traverses of the truss ring in
- FIG. 1 shows the essential components of a conventional Francis turbine in a meridian section.
- Figure 2 shows an axial section of a Francis turbine according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 shows the Francis turbine according to FIG. 2 in an axis-perpendicular
- the Francis turbine shown in Figure 1 has an impeller 1. This comprises a plurality of blades 1.1.
- the impeller 1 passes around a rotation axis 2.
- the impeller 1 is enclosed by a spiral housing 3.
- the spiral casing 3 is, for example, of circular cross section. It has an encircling
- the opening slot is limited by circumferential edges 3.1, 3.2.
- a truss ring 4 connects at the circumferential, formed from the edges 3.1, 3.2 slot. This has two traverse ring decks 4.1 and 4.2. A Traverse 4.3 serves as a tie rod.
- the areas of the peripheral edges 3.1, 3.2 of the spiral housing are welded to the cross-ribbed decks 4.1, 4.2. Between traverse ring and impeller a nozzle with vane 5 is provided.
- a suction pipe 6 is connected, which has a plurality of sections.
- the spiral housing is of circular cross-section.
- the areas of the circumferential edges are at the connection points to the two
- the Francis turbine according to the invention shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 in turn has an impeller which is not shown here, but it is the latter
- Rotary axis 2 The impeller has a spiral housing 3. You recognize one
- Traverse Ring 4 This includes a number of "big” Traverses 4.4 and “small” Traverses 4.5. See Figure 3.
- the cross-membered ring part starts with the large traverses 4.4 at the beginning of the spiral and extends approximately to half of the circumference of the impeller. Then follow the part of the truss ring with the small spirals 4.5. This part of the truss ring extends to the end of the spiral.
- a conventional inner vane ring with vanes 5.1 This vane ring extends around the entire circumference of the impeller, not shown.
- This second outer vane ring extends only over part of the Circumference. It starts where the traverse ring starts with the small traverses 4.5.
- Vanes 5.2 Vanes 5.2.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a Francis turbine or other machine built according to the Francis principle; with an impeller having rotor blades; with a volute housing that surrounds the impeller; with a traverse ring comprising a number of traverses; with an inner rotor blade ring having larger traverses, which is arranged downstream of the traverse ring. The invention is characterised by the following features: suggested is an outer rotor blade ring that is arranged upstream of the traverse ring; a part of the traverse ring extends with larger traverses over a part of the circumference of the impeller, beginning at the start of the volute, and a part of the traverse ring extends with smaller traverses over the broader circumference of the impeller as far as the end of the volute.
Description
Francis-Turbine oder Francis-Pumpe oder Francis-Pumpturbine Francis turbine or Francis pump or Francis pump turbine
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Francis-Turbine oder -Pumpe oder -Pumpturbine, insbesondere der Leitapparat einer solchen Turbine, der zur Zuleitung des The invention relates to a Francis turbine or pump or pump turbine, in particular the distributor of such a turbine, which is used to supply the
Wassers zum Laufrad dient. Water to the impeller serves.
An Wasserturbinen wie Francis-Turbinen werden zunehmend höhere Hydro turbines like Francis turbines are becoming increasingly higher
Anforderungen hinsichtlich des Wirkungsgrades und des möglichst ausgedehnten Arbeitsbereiches gestellt. Wünschenswert ist ein variabler Einsatz hinsichtlich der Wasserdurchflussmenge vom extremen Teillastbetrieb bis hin zum Überlastbetrieb. In allen Lastbereichen soll ein möglichst hoher Wirkungsgrad bei gleichzeitig schwingungsfreiem Lauf der Turbine erreicht werden. Requirements placed on the efficiency and the widest possible work area. It is desirable to have a variable application with regard to the water flow rate from the extreme part-load operation to overload operation. In all load ranges, the highest possible efficiency should be achieved while at the same time vibration-free running of the turbine.
Francis-Turbinen werden an unterschiedliche Betriebsbedingungen durch die Verstellung der Leitschaufeln angepasst. Dennoch treten insbesondere unterFrancis turbines are adapted to different operating conditions by adjusting the vanes. Nevertheless, especially under
Teillast instationäre Strömungsverhältnisse auf, die zu starken Schwingungen an der Maschine führen. Materialschäden als Folge können insbesondere dann eintreten, wenn die Eigenfrequenzen von Bauteilen mit diesen Schwingungen übereinstimmen. Eine weitere negative Folge von Turbinenvibrationen sind vor allem für große Maschinen die Auswirkungen, die diese Schwingungen auf das Stromnetz haben. Gleichlaufunruhen werden über den Generator in das Part load unsteady flow conditions, which lead to strong vibrations on the machine. Material damage as a result can occur in particular if the natural frequencies of components match these vibrations. Another negative consequence of turbine vibrations, especially for large machines, is the impact that these vibrations have on the power grid. Synchronization riots are via the generator in the
Stromnetz eingekoppelt und machen sich dort als Leistungsschwankungen unangenehm bemerkbar. Daraus ergeben sich nachteilige Einschränkungen des Turbinenbetriebsbereichs. So sind kritische Teillastbereiche beim Hochfahren der Turbine besonders schnell zu durchfahren und im Dauerbetrieb zu vermeiden.Power grid coupled and make there unpleasant as power fluctuations noticeable. This results in disadvantageous limitations of the turbine operating range. So critical partial load ranges when starting up the turbine are particularly fast to drive through and to avoid in continuous operation.
Außerdem findet eine unerwünschte gegenseitige Beeinflussung wasserführender Systeme statt. In addition, there is an undesirable mutual influence of water-bearing systems.
Beim optimalen Betrieb einer Francis-Turbine strömt das Wasser aus der In the optimal operation of a Francis turbine, the water flows out of the
Einlaufspirale radial symmetrisch in das Laufrad, wird dort von den Laufschaufeln
so umgelenkt, dass es nahezu axial in das Saugrohr einströmt und dort zum Unterwasser abgeleitet. Bei einem derart idealen Betrieb ist die Strömung im Saugrohr nahezu drallfrei. Bei Betriebszuständen der Turbine außerhalb des Bestpunktes ist diese Drallfreiheit der Abströmung nach dem Laufrad nicht mehr gegeben. Der ursächliche Zusammenhang zwischen der rotativen Komponente der Strömung im Saugrohr und den Maschinenschwingungen ist bekannt. Zur Inlet spiral radially symmetrical in the impeller, is there by the blades deflected so that it flows almost axially into the suction pipe and discharged there to the underwater. In such an ideal operation, the flow in the suction pipe is almost free of twist. In operating conditions of the turbine outside the best point, this swirl freedom of the outflow to the impeller is no longer present. The causal relationship between the rotary component of the flow in the intake manifold and the engine vibrations is known. to
Stabilisierung der Strömung im Saugrohr und zur Unterdrückung des Dralls werden nach dem heutigen Stand der Technik Leitbleche entlang des Saugrohres eingebracht. Derartige Leitbleche können als Finnen ausgebildet sein, die in axialer Richtung orientiert sind. Diese Form führt zu einer Unterdrückung desStabilization of the flow in the suction pipe and to suppress the twist are introduced according to the current state of the art baffles along the suction pipe. Such baffles may be formed as fins, which are oriented in the axial direction. This form leads to a suppression of the
Dralls im Saugrohr, die aber mit dem Nachteil eines verminderten Wirkungsgrades verbunden ist. Twist in the intake manifold, which is associated with the disadvantage of reduced efficiency.
Zur Lösung dieses Problems wurden variable Leitbleche entwickelt, die To solve this problem, variable baffles have been developed which
entsprechend den Betriebsbedingungen um eine zur Maschinenachse parallele Achse verschwenkt werden können. Weitere Bauformen von Leitblechen sind parallel zu den Wandflächen des Saugrohres orientiert und verhindern somit durch die Stabilisierung der Strömung zwischen Leitblech und Saugrohrwand ein Ablösen von Strömungsbereichen. Wie die zuvor genannten finnenartigen Strukturen verringert auch diese Konstruktion die Energieausbeute der Turbinen. Des weiteren erhöhen derartige statische oder variable Konstruktionen den Aufwand für die Herstellung und Wartung von Turbinen und sind daher ein kostenrelevanter Faktor.. Auch sind weitere Maßnahmen bekannt, die aber entweder aufwendig sind oder den Wirkungsgrad der Maschine verschlechtern. Siehe DE 102 13 774 AI. can be pivoted about an axis parallel to the machine axis according to the operating conditions. Further types of baffles are oriented parallel to the wall surfaces of the suction tube and thus prevent by the stabilization of the flow between baffle and suction tube wall a detachment of flow areas. Like the aforementioned fin-like structures, this construction also reduces the energy yield of the turbines. Furthermore, such static or variable designs increase the expense of turbine manufacture and maintenance and are therefore a cost-relevant factor. , Also, other measures are known, but they are either expensive or worsen the efficiency of the machine. See DE 102 13 774 AI.
Ein bisher unerkanntes Problem liegt in Folgendem: Sämtliche Traversen des Traversenringes weisen bisher dieselbe Geometrie auf. Das Spiralgehäuse ist jedoch nicht ideal rotationssymmetrisch. Gerade bei Pumpturbinen mit
unterschiedlicher Durchströmöffnung wird diese Asymmetrie hierdurch noch verstärkt. A hitherto unrecognized problem lies in the following: All traverses of the truss ring so far have the same geometry. However, the volute is not ideal rotationally symmetric. Especially with pump turbines with different flow opening this asymmetry is thereby reinforced.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine hydraulische Maschine der eingangs genannten Art derart zu gestalten, dass die Asymmetrie der Strömung verringert und somit die Strömung im Bereich des Traversenringes gleichmäßig wird. The invention has for its object to design a hydraulic machine of the type mentioned above such that the asymmetry of the flow decreases and thus the flow in the region of the truss ring is uniform.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale von Anspruch 1 gelöst. This object is solved by the features of claim 1.
Der Kerngedanke der Erfindung liegt darin, neben dem Traversenring noch einen äußeren Leitschaufelring vorzusehen. Die Strömung tritt somit aus dem The core idea of the invention is to provide an outer vane ring in addition to the truss ring. The flow thus emerges from the
Spiralgehäuse kommend durch den äußeren Leitschaufelring hindurch, sodann durch den Traversenring, und schließlich durch den inneren Leitschaufelring. Spiral housing passing through the outer vane ring, then through the truss ring, and finally through the inner vane ring.
Ein Teil des Traversenringes mit größeren Traversen erstreckt sich über einen Teil des Umfanges des Laufrades, beginnend am Anfang der Spirale, und ein Teil des Traversenringes mit kleineren Traversen erstreckt sich über den weiteren Umfang des Laufrades bis zum Ende der Spirale. Die Größe der Traversen nimmt somit bis zum Ende der Spirale ab. Die Abnahme kann eine kontinuierliche sein. A portion of the truss ring with larger trusses extends over a portion of the circumference of the impeller, starting at the beginning of the spiral, and a portion of the truss ring with smaller trusses extends beyond the wider circumference of the impeller to the end of the spiral. The size of the trusses thus decreases until the end of the spiral. The decrease can be continuous.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform besteht darin, die Leitschaufeln des äußeren Leitschaufelringes (somit des zuerst durchströmten) bis zum Ende der Spirale anzuordnen, nicht aber am Anfang der Spirale. An advantageous embodiment is to arrange the vanes of the outer vane ring (thus of the first through-flow) to the end of the spiral, but not at the beginning of the spiral.
Ein weiterer Gedanke besteht darin, die Traversen des Traversenringes in Another idea is to use the traverses of the truss ring in
Umfangsrichtung zum Ende der Spirale generell schwächer zu gestalten, da ja die Zugbelastung zum Ende der Spirale hin abnimmt. In einem achssenkrechten Querschnitt gesehen bemisst man die Traversen in einem dem Spiralende nahen
Bereich kürzer, als vor diesem Bereich. Hiermit wird Raum für die Leitschaufeln des äußeren Leitschaufelringes geschaffen. Circumferential direction to make the end of the spiral generally weaker, since the tensile load decreases towards the end of the spiral out. Seen in an axis-perpendicular cross-section, the traverses are measured in a direction close to the end of the spiral Area shorter than before this area. This creates space for the vanes of the outer vane ring.
Der Stand der Technik sowie die Erfindung sind anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Darin ist im Einzelnen folgendes dargestellt: The prior art and the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. The following is shown in detail:
Figur 1 zeigt die wesentlichen Bauteile einer konventionellen Francis-Turbine einem Meridianschnitt. Figur 2 zeigt in einem Axialschnitt eine Francis-Turbine gemäß der Erfindung. FIG. 1 shows the essential components of a conventional Francis turbine in a meridian section. Figure 2 shows an axial section of a Francis turbine according to the invention.
Figur 3 zeigt die Francis-Turbine gemäß Figur 2 in einem achssenkrechten FIG. 3 shows the Francis turbine according to FIG. 2 in an axis-perpendicular
Schnitt. Die in Figur 1 dargestellte Francis-Turbine weist ein Laufrad 1 auf. Dieses umfasst eine Vielzahl von Schaufeln 1.1. Das Laufrad 1 läuft um eine Drehachse 2. Cut. The Francis turbine shown in Figure 1 has an impeller 1. This comprises a plurality of blades 1.1. The impeller 1 passes around a rotation axis 2.
Das Laufrad 1 ist von einem Spiralgehäuse 3 umschlossen. Das Spiralgehäuse 3 ist zum Beispiel von kreisförmigem Querschnitt. Es hat eine umlaufende The impeller 1 is enclosed by a spiral housing 3. The spiral casing 3 is, for example, of circular cross section. It has an encircling
schlitzförmige Öffnung gegen das Laufrad 1 hin. Der Öffnungsschlitz ist begrenzt durch umlaufende Kanten 3.1, 3.2. slit-shaped opening against the impeller 1 out. The opening slot is limited by circumferential edges 3.1, 3.2.
An den umlaufenden, aus den Kanten 3.1, 3.2 gebildeten Schlitz schließt sich ein Traversenring 4 an. Dieser weist zwei Traversenringdecks 4.1 und 4.2 auf. Eine Traverse 4.3 dient als Zuganker. At the circumferential, formed from the edges 3.1, 3.2 slot a truss ring 4 connects. This has two traverse ring decks 4.1 and 4.2. A Traverse 4.3 serves as a tie rod.
Die Bereiche der umlaufenden Kanten 3.1, 3.2 des Spiralgehäuses sind mit den Traversenringdecks 4.1, 4.2 verschweißt.
Zwischen Traversenring und Laufrad ist ein Leitapparat mit Leitschaufel 5 vorgesehen. The areas of the peripheral edges 3.1, 3.2 of the spiral housing are welded to the cross-ribbed decks 4.1, 4.2. Between traverse ring and impeller a nozzle with vane 5 is provided.
An das Laufrad 1 ist in Strömungsrichtung gesehen ein Saugrohr 6 angeschlossen, das mehrere Abschnitte aufweist. To the impeller 1 is seen in the flow direction, a suction pipe 6 is connected, which has a plurality of sections.
Wie man sieht, ist das Spiralgehäuse von kreisförmigem Querschnitt. Die Bereiche der umlaufenden Kanten sind an den Anschlussstellen zu den beiden As you can see, the spiral housing is of circular cross-section. The areas of the circumferential edges are at the connection points to the two
Traversenringdecks 4.1, 4.2 gegen die Vertikale geneigt. Dies bedeutet, dass die Kantenbereiche des Spiralgehäuses nicht parallel zur Drehachse 2 des Laufrades 1 verlaufen. Siehe in Figur 1 Winkel a. Dieser liegt bei annähernd 15 bis 40 Grad. Traverse ring decks 4.1, 4.2 inclined to the vertical. This means that the edge regions of the spiral housing do not run parallel to the axis of rotation 2 of the impeller 1. See in Figure 1 angle a. This is approximately 15 to 40 degrees.
Die in den Figuren 2 und 3 gezeigte Francis-Turbine gemäß der Erfindung weist wiederum ein Laufrad auf, das hier nicht dargestellt ist, wohl aber dessen The Francis turbine according to the invention shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 in turn has an impeller which is not shown here, but it is the latter
Drehachse 2. Das Laufrad weist ein Spiralgehäuse 3 auf. Man erkennt einenRotary axis 2. The impeller has a spiral housing 3. You recognize one
Traversenring 4. Dieser umfasst eine Anzahl von„großen" Traversen 4.4 und von „kleinen" Traversen 4.5. Siehe Figur 3. Traverse Ring 4. This includes a number of "big" Traverses 4.4 and "small" Traverses 4.5. See Figure 3.
Wie aus beiden Figuren 2 und 2 ersichtlich, beginnt der Traversenringteil mit den großen Traversen 4.4 am Anfang der Spirale und erstreckt sich etwa bis zur Hälfte des Umfanges des Laufrades. Sodann folgt der Teil des Traversenringes mit den kleinen Spiralen 4.5. Dieser Teil des Traversen ringes erstreckt sich bis zum Ende der Spirale. Man erkennt einen konventionellen inneren Leitschaufelring mit Leitschaufeln 5.1. Dieser Leitschaufelring erstreckt sich um den gesamten Umfang des nicht gezeigten Laufrades. As can be seen in both FIGS. 2 and 2, the cross-membered ring part starts with the large traverses 4.4 at the beginning of the spiral and extends approximately to half of the circumference of the impeller. Then follow the part of the truss ring with the small spirals 4.5. This part of the truss ring extends to the end of the spiral. One recognizes a conventional inner vane ring with vanes 5.1. This vane ring extends around the entire circumference of the impeller, not shown.
Man erkennt ferner einen zweiten äußeren Leitschaufelring mit Leitschaufeln 5.2. Dieser zweite äußere Leitschaufelring erstreckt sich nur über einen Teil des
Umfanges. Er beginnt dort, wo der Traversenring mit den kleinen Traversen 4.5 beginnt. It also recognizes a second outer guide vane ring with vanes 5.2. This second outer vane ring extends only over part of the Circumference. It starts where the traverse ring starts with the small traverses 4.5.
Die erfindungsgemäße Konfiguration geht von der folgenden Überlegung aus: The configuration according to the invention is based on the following consideration:
Die zum Zusammenspannen des Spiralgehäuses in dessen radial innerem Bereich erforderliche Zugkraft nimmt in Umfangsrichtung des Spiralgehäuses ab. Daher können die Traversen in Umfangsrichtung zwischen Beginn der Spirale bis zu deren Ende zunehmend weniger stark werden, beispielsweise durch Verringerung von deren Länge, in Figur 3 gesehen. Hierdurch wird Raum gewonnen. Der gewonnene Raum lässt sich ausnutzen zum Anordnen der radial äußeren The tensile force required to clamp the volute casing in its radially inner region decreases in the circumferential direction of the volute casing. Therefore, the traverses in the circumferential direction between the beginning of the spiral can be increasingly less strong to the end, for example, by reducing the length, seen in Figure 3. This will gain space. The gained space can be exploited to arrange the radially outer
Leitschaufeln 5.2.
Vanes 5.2.
Bezugszeichenliste LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1. Laufrad 1st impeller
1.1 Schaufeln 1.1 scoops
2. Drehachse 2nd axis of rotation
3. Spiralgehäuse 3rd volute casing
3.1 umlaufende Kante des Spiralgehäuses 3.1 circumferential edge of the spiral housing
3.2 umlaufende Kante des Spiralgehäuses3.2 circumferential edge of the spiral housing
3.3 erster Kreisbogen größeren Durchmessers3.3 first circular arc of larger diameter
3.4 zweiter Kreisbogen kleineren Durchmessers3.4 second circular arc smaller diameter
3.5 dritter Kreisbogen kleineren Durchmessers3.5 third arc of smaller diameter
4. Traversenring 4th truss ring
4.1 Traversenringdeck 4.1 Traverse ring deck
4.2 Traversenringdeck 4.2 Traverse ring deck
4.3 Traverse 4.3 Traverse
4.4 große Traverse 4.4 big traverse
4.5 kleine Traverse 4.5 small crossbeam
5. Leitschaufel 5. Guide vane
5.1 innere Leitschaufel 5.1 inner vane
5.2 äußere Leitschaufel 5.2 outer vane
6 Saugrohr
6 intake manifold
Claims
1. Francis-Turbine oder eine sonstige, nach dem Francis-Prinzip aufgebaute Maschine; 1. Francis turbine or other machine built according to the Francis principle;
1.1 mit einem Laufrad (1), das Laufschaufeln (1.1) aufweist; 1.1 with an impeller (1) having blades (1.1);
1.2 mit einem Spiralgehäuse (3), das das Laufrad (1) umschließt; 1.2 with a spiral housing (3), which surrounds the impeller (1);
1.3 mit einem Traversenring (4), umfassend eine Anzahl von Traversen (4.4,, 4.5); 1.3 with a truss ring (4) comprising a number of trusses (4.4, 4.5);
1.4 mit einem inneren Leitschaufelring, der dem Traversenring nachgeschaltet ist; 1.4 with an inner vane ring, which is connected downstream of the truss ring;
gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Merkmale: characterized by the following features:
1.5 es ist ein äußerer Leitschaufelring vorgesehen, der dem Traversenring (4) vorgeschaltet ist; 1.5 it is an outer vane ring is provided, which is the truss ring (4) upstream;
1.6 ein Teil des Traversenringes (4) mit größeren Traversen (4.4) erstreckt sich über einen Teil des Umfanges des Laufrades (1), beginnend am Anfang der Spirale, und ein Teil des Traversenringes (4) mit kleineren Traversen erstreckt sich über den weiteren Umfang des Laufrades (1) bis zum Ende der Spirale. 1.6 a part of the truss ring (4) with larger trusses (4.4) extends over part of the circumference of the impeller (1), starting at the beginning of the spiral, and a part of the truss ring (4) with smaller trusses extends over the wider circumference of the impeller (1) to the end of the spiral.
2. Maschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich - in einem Axialschnitt gesehen - Stärke und/oder Abstand und/oder Länge der Traversen über den Umfang des Laufrades (1) kontinuierlich oder abrupt verringern, beginnend am Anfang der Spirale und endend am Ende der Spirale. 2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that - seen in an axial section - strength and / or distance and / or length of the trusses over the circumference of the impeller (1) continuously or abruptly decrease, beginning at the beginning of the spiral and ending at End of the spiral.
3. Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens einige der Leitschaufeln verstellbar sind.
3. Machine according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that at least some of the guide vanes are adjustable.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102011112521A DE102011112521A1 (en) | 2011-09-07 | 2011-09-07 | Francis turbine or Francis pump or Francis pump turbine |
PCT/EP2012/003236 WO2013034224A2 (en) | 2011-09-07 | 2012-07-31 | Francis turbine or francis pump or francis pump turbine |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2753823A2 true EP2753823A2 (en) | 2014-07-16 |
Family
ID=46601749
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12741259.1A Withdrawn EP2753823A2 (en) | 2011-09-07 | 2012-07-31 | Francis turbine or francis pump or francis pump turbine |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20140154057A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2753823A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2014525547A (en) |
CN (1) | CN103732909B (en) |
BR (1) | BR112014003147A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2844566A1 (en) |
CL (1) | CL2014000277A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102011112521A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013034224A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
PE20160699A1 (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2016-08-25 | Paul Steven Kouris | A SET TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY |
CN105508121B (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2019-02-26 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of pump turbine and its application method |
JP6873888B2 (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2021-05-19 | 株式会社東芝 | Guide vanes and fluid machinery |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1114419A (en) * | 1914-10-20 | William Monroe White | Hydraulic turbine. |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1656889A (en) * | 1920-06-25 | 1928-01-17 | Moody Lewis Ferry | Hydraulic turbine |
DE1285960B (en) * | 1962-05-22 | 1968-12-19 | Voith Gmbh J M | Inlet device for Kaplan and Francis turbines |
AT287609B (en) * | 1967-11-22 | 1971-01-25 | Voest Ag | Turbomachine that can be switched from turbine to pump operation |
JPH04124471A (en) * | 1990-09-14 | 1992-04-24 | Toshiba Corp | Hydraulic machine with semi-spiral casing |
DE10122524A1 (en) * | 2001-05-09 | 2002-08-29 | Voith Siemens Hydro Power | Francis turbine rotor has ring segments located in spaces between and connected to neighboring blades |
DE10213774A1 (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2003-10-23 | Voith Siemens Hydro Power | Francis turbine or Francis pump or Francis pump turbine |
CN1702317A (en) * | 2005-07-15 | 2005-11-30 | 清华大学 | Mixed flow water turbine with an eddy suppressor |
FR2914028B1 (en) * | 2007-03-20 | 2012-09-21 | Alstom Power Hydraulique | HYDRAULIC MACHINE AND METHOD FOR PREVENTING THE WEAR OF SUCH A MACHINE |
CN101158328B (en) * | 2007-10-12 | 2010-04-21 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Novel draft-tube and preparation method thereof |
JP5117349B2 (en) * | 2008-10-03 | 2013-01-16 | 株式会社東芝 | Hydraulic machine |
JP2011069329A (en) * | 2009-09-28 | 2011-04-07 | Hitachi Plant Technologies Ltd | Water turbine and desalination plant using the same |
-
2011
- 2011-09-07 DE DE102011112521A patent/DE102011112521A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2012
- 2012-07-31 EP EP12741259.1A patent/EP2753823A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-07-31 CN CN201280038737.1A patent/CN103732909B/en active Active
- 2012-07-31 CA CA2844566A patent/CA2844566A1/en active Pending
- 2012-07-31 BR BR112014003147A patent/BR112014003147A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-07-31 WO PCT/EP2012/003236 patent/WO2013034224A2/en active Application Filing
- 2012-07-31 JP JP2014528877A patent/JP2014525547A/en active Pending
-
2014
- 2014-02-04 CL CL2014000277A patent/CL2014000277A1/en unknown
- 2014-02-07 US US14/175,297 patent/US20140154057A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1114419A (en) * | 1914-10-20 | William Monroe White | Hydraulic turbine. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN103732909A (en) | 2014-04-16 |
US20140154057A1 (en) | 2014-06-05 |
CN103732909B (en) | 2016-08-17 |
WO2013034224A2 (en) | 2013-03-14 |
DE102011112521A1 (en) | 2013-03-07 |
WO2013034224A3 (en) | 2013-10-03 |
CL2014000277A1 (en) | 2014-08-18 |
CA2844566A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 |
JP2014525547A (en) | 2014-09-29 |
BR112014003147A2 (en) | 2017-02-21 |
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