EP2746538B1 - Retaining plate for turbomachine stator vane with internal cut-outs - Google Patents

Retaining plate for turbomachine stator vane with internal cut-outs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2746538B1
EP2746538B1 EP12199336.4A EP12199336A EP2746538B1 EP 2746538 B1 EP2746538 B1 EP 2746538B1 EP 12199336 A EP12199336 A EP 12199336A EP 2746538 B1 EP2746538 B1 EP 2746538B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rectifier
blade
accordance
blades
tongue
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12199336.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2746538A1 (en
Inventor
Christophe Remy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aero Boosters SA
Original Assignee
Techspace Aero SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Techspace Aero SA filed Critical Techspace Aero SA
Priority to EP12199336.4A priority Critical patent/EP2746538B1/en
Priority to CA2836434A priority patent/CA2836434A1/en
Priority to RU2013156800A priority patent/RU2671260C2/en
Priority to US14/136,070 priority patent/US9771815B2/en
Priority to CN201310757394.0A priority patent/CN103899579B/en
Publication of EP2746538A1 publication Critical patent/EP2746538A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2746538B1 publication Critical patent/EP2746538B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
    • F01D9/042—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector fixing blades to stators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F01D25/246—Fastening of diaphragms or stator-rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
    • F04D29/54—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an axial turbomachine compressor stator. More particularly, the invention relates to an axial turbomachine compressor stator blade retainer retainer. The invention also relates to an axial turbomachine.
  • an axial turbomachine In order to guide an annular flow, an axial turbomachine is provided with coaxial ferrules delimiting the inside and the outside of the flow.
  • the inner ferrules In a rectifier, the inner ferrules are essentially connected to the inner ends of the stator vanes. They form cylindrical walls having openings in which are introduced the ends of the stator blades for anchoring.
  • the rectifiers have on the one hand layers of abradable material applied at the inner rings, and wipers on the rotor on the other hand.
  • the rotor moves and deforms so that the radial ends of the wipers touch the associated abradable layers. They hollow out annular furrows, which thus materialize labyrinthine joints.
  • the inner ends of the blades extend into and anchored in the layers of abradable material. They have openings in the layers of abradable material in which retention pieces are placed.
  • the document EP 2 072 760 A1 discloses a turbojet axial compressor rectifier.
  • the rectifier comprises a plurality of blades bonded to an outer shell and an inner shell.
  • the outer shell has openings traversed by blade loops, said loops surrounding blade openings receiving curved plates spring effect to connect the outer ring blades.
  • the bent plates have notches for holding in position each bent plate.
  • such curved plates are difficult to introduce into the blade openings, and penalize the radial compactness of the rectifier.
  • the document EP 1 213 483 B1 discloses a rectifier stage whose blade ends are connected two by two by retention and stiffening parts. They have V-shapes and are inserted into openings formed in the ends of the blades. When inserted, the branches of the V are folded so that their ends can enter the openings.
  • this mounting method requires that the mounting piece has a significant length along the axis of the rectifier. This configuration may become incompatible with some internal rectifier shrouds that are narrow.
  • the mounting of such a retention piece requires great attention to manually position each end of the branches of the V in the corresponding openings. After mounting, the tip of the V may protrude from the layer of abradable material in which it is supposed to remain embedded.
  • the document EP 1 626 163 A2 presents a blade retention clip to a ferrule of a rotating machine.
  • the clip is inserted into an opening formed at the end of a blade and is embedded in a layer of abradable material applied inside the shell.
  • the clip forms a rectangular plate with an L-shaped deformable side member.
  • the free end of the latter has a hook cooperating with a narrow band of blade material.
  • This narrow band of material engages the opposite side of the hook in a notch formed in the body of the clip.
  • This clip can effectively fix a blade to a shell.
  • it necessarily requires an elastic material for its realization.
  • it has a large axial space to be able to deform and be mounted on blades with a pronounced pitch angle.
  • This type of clip also requires a high accuracy of assembly to present it in the right axis, so that a hook engages properly.
  • the engagement movement of the hook must be gentle so as not to degrade the elastic element because of its fineness.
  • the combination of notch and hook at the end of the side element deformable does not allow to firmly lock the clip in a given orientation.
  • the clip can rotate and protrude from the layer of abradable material, especially when its covering thickness is reduced.
  • a blade retaining plate which comprises a folding finger.
  • This plate is intended to be inserted into the orifices of two neighboring blades, the finger extending between them. To ensure maintenance, this finger is folded towards the plate, against one of the blades. This operation requires a certain thoroughness to carefully bend the finger. This one is particularly fine, which weakens it. Also, this finger is arranged towards the outside. The position of its end is not controlled, it can emerge from a layer of annular abradable material. As it comes out, it can come into contact with the wipers of the rotor.
  • the invention aims to solve at least one of the problems raised by the prior art.
  • the invention also aims to propose another mode of locking a blade retaining piece in openings.
  • the invention also aims to improve the stability of a blade retainer.
  • Another object of the invention is to simplify the operation of mounting a blade retaining piece inside an aperture formed at the end of a blade.
  • the invention also aims to reduce the size of a blade retainer.
  • the invention relates to an axial turbomachine rectifier comprising: an inner ring with an annular row of openings; an annular row of blades, said blades extending substantially radially through said openings, respectively, and each having an opening on the inner side of the shell; at least one blade retainer insert inserted in at least one of the openings, with means for locking said insert in the perforation (s); remarkable that the locking means comprise at least one tongue with an end forming a bearing surface in contact with a portion of the blade or one of the blades, located radially to the right of the corresponding aperture.
  • the rectifier comprises a layer of abradable material applied inside the inner shell which envelops the retaining plate or plates.
  • the retaining plate is predominantly made of a metallic material such as a steel alloy, an aluminum alloy, or a titanium alloy.
  • the elongation of the retaining plate is between 10 mm and 150 mm, preferably between 30 mm and 100 mm, more preferably between 40 mm and 70 mm.
  • the width of the retaining plate in its transverse direction is between 5 mm and 40 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 30 mm, more preferably between 15 mm and 20 mm.
  • the bearing surface can be curved so as to match a blade surface which can be concave or convex.
  • the or at least one bearing surface forms a bearing line.
  • the portion of the blade or one of the blades, in contact with the bearing surface of the or one of the tongues is located between the aperture and the inner shell.
  • the bearing surface extends along the blade substantially parallel to the average plane of the wafer.
  • the tongue or tabs are able to deform substantially along a major axial deformation axis.
  • the tongue or tabs are elastically deformable so as to take its or their support position after inserting the wafer in the or openings.
  • the tongue or tabs are plastically deformable so as to allow it or their establishment from a position substantially in the extent of the or platelets.
  • the tongue or tabs are integral with the wafer and cut into said wafer, the cutout being preferentially in the general shape of U.
  • the edges of the tongue or tongues are inscribed in the contour of the retaining plate, said edges preferably being at a distance from said contour.
  • the or at least one of the plates passes through the openings of at least two consecutive blades, and preferably comprises two tongues arranged in opposite directions.
  • the two tabs cooperate, each and respectively, with the face of each of the two blades which is vis-à-vis the other of the two blades.
  • the two tabs cooperate, each and respectively, with the face of each of the two blades which is opposite to the other of the two blades.
  • the rectifier comprises at least two tongues arranged in opposite directions, said two tongues cooperating, each and respectively, with each of the two faces of the blade or one of the blades.
  • the wafer has an end configured to abut against a face of the blade or one of the blades, the tongue being in contact with the opposite face of said blade or with the corresponding face of another of the blades.
  • the bearing surface of the tongue or tongues contacts the corresponding blade via an elastomeric material applied to said blade at the corresponding opening in the ferrule, said elastomer providing a fastening function said blade to the ferrule and / or a sealing function between said blade and the ferrule.
  • the invention also relates to a turbomachine comprising a rectifier, remarkable in that the rectifier is in accordance with the invention.
  • the invention provides a blade retainer whose stability is improved. Its positioning accuracy is too.
  • the locking means allow through the support surface to provide a blocking function and also orientation, which simplifies the retaining piece.
  • the stability of the retainer is also improved when in contact with only one blade.
  • the editing operation is simplified.
  • the locking operation of the retaining piece is assisted by the abutment surface against which abut the locking means. Their gathered shape helps strengthen them, and reduce the size of the openings.
  • the retaining piece is suitable for small rectifiers, as its adaptation will not weaken the locking means.
  • the invention makes it possible to dispense with fastening means such as hooks that require a certain minutia to be able to engage on a blade.
  • fastening means such as hooks that require a certain minutia to be able to engage on a blade.
  • the manual assembly of the retention room will be simple, regardless of the size of the blade.
  • inner and outer refer to a positioning relative to the axis of rotation of an axial turbomachine.
  • the figure 1 schematizes an axial turbomachine. It is in this case a double-flow turbojet engine.
  • the turbojet engine 2 comprises a first compression level, called a low-pressure compressor 4, a second compression level, called a high-pressure compressor 6, a combustion chamber 8 and one or more levels of turbines 10.
  • the mechanical power the turbine 10 transmitted via the central shaft to the rotor 12 sets in motion the two compressors 4 and 6.
  • Reducing means can increase the speed of rotation transmitted to the compressors.
  • the different turbine stages can each be connected to the compressor stages via concentric shafts.
  • the latter comprise several rows of rotor blades associated with rows of stator vanes. The rotation of the rotor about its axis of rotation 14 thus makes it possible to generate an air flow and to compress it progressively until it reaches the combustion chamber 10.
  • a commonly designated fan inlet fan 16 is coupled to the rotor 12 and generates a flow of air which is divided into a primary flow 18 passing through the various levels mentioned above of the turbomachine, and a secondary flow 20 passing through an annular duct (partially shown) along the machine to then join the primary flow at the turbine outlet.
  • the primary 18 and secondary 20 streams are annular flows, they are channeled by the casing of the turbomachine.
  • the casing has cylindrical walls or ferrules which can be internal and external.
  • the figure 2 is a sectional view of a low-pressure compressor 4 of an axial turbomachine 2 such as that of the figure 1 . There can be observed a portion of the fan 16 and the separation nozzle 22 of the primary flow 18 and the secondary flow 20.
  • the rotor 12 comprises several rows of rotor blades 24, for example three.
  • the low pressure compressor 4 comprises several rectifiers, for example four, each containing a row of stator vanes 26 and an inner ferrule 28 fixed to the vanes.
  • the rectifiers are associated with the fan 16 or a row of rotor vanes to straighten the air flow, so as to convert the speed of the flow into pressure.
  • the stator vanes 26 extend substantially radially from an outer casing, and can be attached thereto by means of an axis. They are regularly spaced from each other, and have the same angular orientation in the flow. Advantageously, these vanes are identical. Optionally, the spacing between the blades may vary locally as well as their angular orientation. Some blades may be different from the rest of the blades in the row.
  • Each inner shell 28 has a U-shaped section whose hollow receives a layer of abradable material 30.
  • the ends of the blades are engaged. They present crossing openings.
  • the openings are partially filled with abradable material 30. They can be substantially aligned in an annular manner, or form several annular sets of axially offset openings. A radial offset may be provided for one of the games.
  • the figure 3 is a sectional view of the rectifier according to a first embodiment along the axis 3-3 drawn on the figure 2 .
  • the rectifier may be a low pressure compressor upstream rectifier.
  • the rectifier comprises at least one retaining piece 36 of vanes.
  • each blade is connected to a retaining piece.
  • the retaining piece 36 has a wafer shape, preferably flat.
  • the retaining piece 36 is a plate.
  • the retaining piece 36 comprises a body. Its thickness is generally constant. It has a main elongation and a transverse direction that is perpendicular to its main elongation. It has a general shape of parallelogram, preferably of rectangle. It has a main surface.
  • the retaining piece 36 is introduced into at least one blade aperture 34, preferably at least two openings.
  • the number of retaining pieces 36 may be equal to that of the stator vanes 26 of the stator, or may be less than or equal to half the number of stator vanes 26.
  • the retaining piece 36 is arranged so that its main surface is substantially perpendicular to the radial direction of the rectifier. Its main elongation is arranged perpendicular to the surface of the end of the blade 32. In this way, it optimizes the retention and anchoring of the blades according to their heights.
  • the retaining piece 36 is slid into one or more openings 34 before the application phase of the layer of abradable material 30. To remain in position during this phase, it comprises locking means in the form of tongue 38.
  • the tabs 38 are inclined so as to bear against at least one blade, while facilitating their introduction, their adjustment.
  • the tongues 38 each comprise an elongate bearing surface 40 which cooperates with a respective stator blade 26.
  • the tongues 38 extend radially, preferably in the direction of the inner ferrule 28.
  • the or at least one of the bearing surfaces are at a distance from the body of the wafer.
  • the tongues 38 can be bent. Elbows can be made along their length to make them more flexible. Thus, the positions of the bearing surfaces 40 can be adjusted more easily.
  • the use of an elongated surface for the support surface provides more stability than points of contact.
  • the elongation of the bearing surface or surfaces 40 is generally axial, this direction corresponding to the axis in which the retaining piece 36 is likely to pivot when it is placed only in an aperture. In a configuration where the abradable layer has a riser at a height of a retaining piece 36, it will not run over and beyond the abradable layer.
  • the locking means therefore make it possible to reduce the mobility of the retaining piece 36 in its aperture (s) 34. They also make it possible to block it. They can be configured to block the retaining piece 36 in translation along at least one direction, preferably in three orthogonal directions. They can be configured to lock the retaining piece 36 in rotation along at least one axis, preferably along three orthogonal axes.
  • the body of the retaining piece 36 can bear against the contour of at least one aperture 34 of a blade, which contributes to the positioning, and possibly the locking of the retaining piece 36.
  • the width of the piece of Retention 36 can be substantially adjusted to the width of the openings 34.
  • the height of the retaining piece 36 measured at its locking means 38 is greater than that of the height of the openings 34.
  • the thickness of the body of the room Retention 36 may be substantially less than the height of the openings 34.
  • the locking means 38 may cooperate with the same stator blade 26, or with at least two stator blades 26 adjacent.
  • the rectifier may comprise an elastomeric material 42 disposed to the interface between a blade 26 and its opening of the inner shell 28.
  • the elastomeric material is disposed at each interface between the blades and their respective openings.
  • This elastomeric material 42 provides positioning and sealing functions. It can be made of silicone material. It forms a bead extending inwards.
  • this bead forms chamfers around the stator vane 26. The chamfers are configured so that the bearing surfaces 40 come into contact with them when the tongues 38 are deployed. The surface of one of the chamfers is incident to the arc that can sweep a bearing surface 40 during the operation of the tongue 38 associated.
  • the retaining piece 36 is produced or supplied having its locking means 38 substantially housed in the thickness of its body. They are folded. During assembly of the retaining piece 36, it is introduced into an aperture 34, then its locking means 38 are deformed plastically by an operator until coming into contact with the blade. They are then deployed. The tongue or tabs are folded. This mounting operation is simple to perform because the operator performs a deformation movement by pressing radially on the locking means 38. They are easily accessible from the outside. This operation requires little precision, and little attention to detail. The positioning and locking of the retaining piece 36 are quickly performed.
  • the retaining piece is produced or supplied with its blocking means deployed. They protrude from the body of the retainer. During assembly, the retaining piece is introduced into at least one aperture, and its locking means deform elastically. Once the retaining piece 36 occupies its final place, the locking means 38 cooperate with the blade and position the retaining piece 36 while allowing to maintain the orientation along at least one axis of rotation.
  • the locking means 38 may comprise first locking means and second locking means each having a bearing surface 40.
  • the bearing surfaces 40 are oriented in directions different, preferentially opposed.
  • the bearing surfaces 40 of the first and second locking means each cooperate with a different blade.
  • the figure 4 represents a plan view of the blade retainer 36 according to the first embodiment of the invention.
  • the locking means 38 are cut in the body of the retaining piece 36. Their contours may correspond locally to the contour of the retaining piece 36, or may be distant from the contours of the retaining piece 36.
  • the cutout 44 of the locking means 38 can be substantially an "L” or a "U”.
  • the locking means 38 may comprise two tabs 38, preferably rectangular. They each have a main direction. Each tongue has two opposite sides, one being connected to the body, the other comprising the bearing surface 40. The latter has a length greater than 3.00 mm, preferably greater than 5.00 mm, more preferably greater than 12.00 mm. The length of the bearing surface represents more than 10% of the elongation of the retaining piece 36, preferably more than 20%, more preferably more than 30%. These proportions improve the stability of the retaining piece 36 with respect to the blade or blades to which it is positioned, in particular because of the mechanical clearances.
  • This form of retaining piece 36 is particularly suitable for anchoring for two neighboring blades. It can also serve as anchor for at least a third dawn neighbor. For this, simply lengthen it accordingly.
  • the figure 5 represents a plan view of a blade retaining piece according to a second embodiment of the invention. This figure 5 resumes the numbering of the preceding figures for identical or similar elements, the numbering however being incremented by 100.
  • the retaining piece 136 has a general shape of rectangle. Its first and second locking means 138 extend towards each other following the extension of the retaining piece 136. They are in elevation on the same side of the body of the retaining piece 136.
  • the means locking members comprise two tabs 138 whose cutouts 144 are distant, or joined so as to achieve a manufacturing economy.
  • This retaining piece 136 is adapted to be mounted on the same blade, its blocking means 138 manage to ensure blocking and stability with a single blade. By lengthening it, this retaining piece 136 can also ensure the anchoring of other neighboring blades.
  • the figure 6 is a plan view of a blade retainer according to a third embodiment of the invention. This figure 6 resumes the numbering of the preceding figures for identical or similar elements, the numbering however being incremented by 200. Specific numbers are created for the new elements.
  • the retaining piece 236 has an end 246 configured to abut against the stator vane, and ensure a locking in combination with a tongue 238.
  • the end may have stops such as lateral shoulders. These latter each comprise a discontinuous bearing surface 240.
  • the bearing surfaces 240 of the tongue 238 and the shoulders are arranged at different heights relative to the body of the retaining piece 236. The locking in a given orientation is more stable.
  • the shoulder and the tongue 238 are robust, they are not likely to be damaged during assembly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Description

Domaine techniqueTechnical area

L'invention a trait à un redresseur de compresseur de turbomachine axiale. Plus particulièrement, l'invention a trait à une pièce de retenue d'aubes de redresseur de compresseur de turbomachine axiale. L'invention a également trait à une turbomachine axiale.The invention relates to an axial turbomachine compressor stator. More particularly, the invention relates to an axial turbomachine compressor stator blade retainer retainer. The invention also relates to an axial turbomachine.

Technique antérieurePrior art

Afin de guider un flux annulaire, une turbomachine axiale est munie de viroles coaxiales délimitant l'intérieur et l'extérieur du flux. Dans un redresseur, les viroles internes sont essentiellement reliées aux extrémités intérieures des aubes statoriques. Elles forment des parois cylindriques présentant des ouvertures dans lesquelles sont introduites les extrémités des aubes statoriques en vue de leur ancrage.In order to guide an annular flow, an axial turbomachine is provided with coaxial ferrules delimiting the inside and the outside of the flow. In a rectifier, the inner ferrules are essentially connected to the inner ends of the stator vanes. They form cylindrical walls having openings in which are introduced the ends of the stator blades for anchoring.

Pour augmenter l'étanchéité entre une virole interne et le rotor, les redresseurs présentent d'une part des couches de matériau abradable appliquées au niveau des viroles internes, et des léchettes sur le rotor d'autre part. Lors du fonctionnement de la turbomachine, le rotor se déplace et se déforme de sorte que les extrémités radiales des léchettes effleurent les couches d'abradable associées. Elles y creusent des sillons annulaires qui matérialisent ainsi des joints labyrinthes.To increase the seal between an inner shell and the rotor, the rectifiers have on the one hand layers of abradable material applied at the inner rings, and wipers on the rotor on the other hand. During operation of the turbomachine, the rotor moves and deforms so that the radial ends of the wipers touch the associated abradable layers. They hollow out annular furrows, which thus materialize labyrinthine joints.

Les extrémités intérieures des aubes s'étendent dans les couches de matériau abradable et y sont ancrées. Elles présentent des ouvertures au niveau des couches de matériau abradable dans lesquelles sont placées des pièces rétention.The inner ends of the blades extend into and anchored in the layers of abradable material. They have openings in the layers of abradable material in which retention pieces are placed.

Celles-ci améliorent la rétention radiale des aubes à la virole. La durée de vie d'un tel redresseur est améliorée car l'ancrage ainsi réalisé n'est plus dépendant de la seule la cohésion entre l'aube et l'abradable. En cas de choc, d'ingestion, d'un détachement d'une aube de fan, les aubes du redresseur parviendront d'avantage à rester solidaire de leur virole interne.These improve the radial retention of the blades to the ferrule. The life of such a rectifier is improved because the anchoring thus produced is no longer dependent on the only cohesion between the blade and the abradable. In case of shock, ingestion, a detachment of a dawn fan, the blades of the straightener will achieve more to remain attached to their inner shell.

Le document EP 2 072 760 A1 divulgue un redresseur de compresseur axial de turboréacteur. Le redresseur comprend une pluralité d'aubes liées à une virole extérieure et à une virole intérieure. La virole externe présente des ajours traversés par des anses d'aubes, lesdites anses entourant des ouvertures d'aubes recevant des plaques recourbées à effet ressort pour relier la virole extérieure aux aubes. Les plaques recourbées présentent des crans pour maintenir en position chaque plaque recourbée. Cependant, de telles plaques recourbées sont difficiles à introduire dans les ajours d'aubes, et pénalisent la compacité radiale du redresseur.The document EP 2 072 760 A1 discloses a turbojet axial compressor rectifier. The rectifier comprises a plurality of blades bonded to an outer shell and an inner shell. The outer shell has openings traversed by blade loops, said loops surrounding blade openings receiving curved plates spring effect to connect the outer ring blades. The bent plates have notches for holding in position each bent plate. However, such curved plates are difficult to introduce into the blade openings, and penalize the radial compactness of the rectifier.

Le document EP 1 213 483 B1 divulgue un étage de redresseur dont les extrémités d'aubes sont reliées deux à deux par des pièces de rétention et de rigidification. Elles présentent des formes de V et sont insérées dans des ajours ménagés dans les extrémités des aubes. Lors de leur insertion, les branches du V sont rabattues de sorte à ce que leurs extrémités puissent pénétrer dans les ajours. Or, ce mode de montage requiert que la pièce de montage présente une longueur importante selon l'axe du redresseur. Cette configuration peut devenir incompatible avec certaines viroles internes de redresseur qui sont étroites. Le montage d'une telle pièce de rétention demande une grande minutie pour parvenir à positionner manuellement chaque extrémité des branches du V dans les ouvertures correspondantes. Après montage, la pointe du V peut dépasser de la couche de matériau abradable dans laquelle elle est sensée rester noyée.The document EP 1 213 483 B1 discloses a rectifier stage whose blade ends are connected two by two by retention and stiffening parts. They have V-shapes and are inserted into openings formed in the ends of the blades. When inserted, the branches of the V are folded so that their ends can enter the openings. However, this mounting method requires that the mounting piece has a significant length along the axis of the rectifier. This configuration may become incompatible with some internal rectifier shrouds that are narrow. The mounting of such a retention piece requires great attention to manually position each end of the branches of the V in the corresponding openings. After mounting, the tip of the V may protrude from the layer of abradable material in which it is supposed to remain embedded.

Le document EP 1 626 163 A2 présente un clip de rétention d'aube à une virole d'une machine tournante. Le clip est introduit dans une ouverture ménagée à l'extrémité d'une aube et est noyé dans une couche de matériau abradable appliquée à l'intérieur de la virole. Le clip forme une plaquette rectangulaire avec un élément latéral déformable en forme de L. L'extrémité libre de ce dernier présente un crochet coopérant avec une bande étroite de matériau de l'aube. Cette bande étroite de matériau s'engage du côté opposé au crochet dans une encoche ménagée dans le corps du clip. Ce clip permet de fixer efficacement une aube à une virole. Or, il nécessite impérativement un matériau élastique pour sa réalisation. De plus, il présente un encombrement axial important pour pouvoir se déformer et être monté sur des aubes avec un angle de calage prononcé. Ce type de clip demande également une grande précision de montage pour le présenter dans le bon axe, de sorte qu'un crochet s'engage convenablement. Le mouvement d'engagement du crochet doit être doux pour ne pas dégrader l'élément élastique en raison de sa finesse. La combinaison de l'encoche et du crochet à l'extrémité de l'élément latéral déformable ne permet pas de bloquer fermement le clip selon une orientation donnée. Lors de l'opération de projection de matériau abradable, le clip peut pivoter et dépasser de la couche de matériau abradable, surtout lorsque son épaisseur de recouvrement est réduite.The document EP 1 626 163 A2 presents a blade retention clip to a ferrule of a rotating machine. The clip is inserted into an opening formed at the end of a blade and is embedded in a layer of abradable material applied inside the shell. The clip forms a rectangular plate with an L-shaped deformable side member. The free end of the latter has a hook cooperating with a narrow band of blade material. This narrow band of material engages the opposite side of the hook in a notch formed in the body of the clip. This clip can effectively fix a blade to a shell. However, it necessarily requires an elastic material for its realization. In addition, it has a large axial space to be able to deform and be mounted on blades with a pronounced pitch angle. This type of clip also requires a high accuracy of assembly to present it in the right axis, so that a hook engages properly. The engagement movement of the hook must be gentle so as not to degrade the elastic element because of its fineness. The combination of notch and hook at the end of the side element deformable does not allow to firmly lock the clip in a given orientation. During the projection operation abradable material, the clip can rotate and protrude from the layer of abradable material, especially when its covering thickness is reduced.

Il est également connu de l'homme du métier une plaquette de retenue d'aube qui comprend un doigt rabattable. Cette plaquette est destinée à être insérée dans les orifices de deux aubes voisines, le doigt d'étendant entre elles. Pour assurer un maintien, ce doigt est rabattu vers la plaquette, contre une des aubes. Cette opération demande une certaine minutie pour plier soigneusement le doigt. Celui-ci est particulièrement fin, ce qui le fragilise. Aussi, ce doigt est disposé vers l'extérieur. La position de son extrémité n'est pas maîtrisée, elle peut ressortir d'une couche de matériau abradable annulaire. En ressortant, elle peut entrer en contact des léchettes du rotor.It is also known to those skilled in the art a blade retaining plate which comprises a folding finger. This plate is intended to be inserted into the orifices of two neighboring blades, the finger extending between them. To ensure maintenance, this finger is folded towards the plate, against one of the blades. This operation requires a certain thoroughness to carefully bend the finger. This one is particularly fine, which weakens it. Also, this finger is arranged towards the outside. The position of its end is not controlled, it can emerge from a layer of annular abradable material. As it comes out, it can come into contact with the wipers of the rotor.

Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention Problème techniqueTechnical problem

L'invention a pour objectif de résoudre au moins un des problèmes soulevés par l'art antérieur. L'invention a également pour objectif de proposer un autre mode de blocage d'une pièce de retenue d'aube dans des ajours. L'invention a également pour objectif d'améliorer la stabilité d'une pièce de retenue d'aube. L'invention a également pour objectif de simplifier l'opération de montage d'une pièce de retenue d'aube à l'intérieur d'un ajour formé à l'extrémité d'une aube. L'invention a également pour objectif de réduire l'encombrement d'une pièce de retenue d'aube.The invention aims to solve at least one of the problems raised by the prior art. The invention also aims to propose another mode of locking a blade retaining piece in openings. The invention also aims to improve the stability of a blade retainer. Another object of the invention is to simplify the operation of mounting a blade retaining piece inside an aperture formed at the end of a blade. The invention also aims to reduce the size of a blade retainer.

Solution techniqueTechnical solution

L'invention a pour objet un redresseur de turbomachine axiale comprenant: une virole interne avec une rangée annulaire d'ouvertures; une rangée annulaire d'aubes, lesdites aubes s'étendant essentiellement radialement en traversant lesdites ouvertures, respectivement, et comportant, chacune, un ajour du côté intérieur de la virole; au moins une plaquette de retenue d'aube(s) insérée dans au moins un des ajours, avec des moyens de blocage de ladite plaquette dans le ou les ajours; remarquable ce que les moyens de blocage comprennent au moins une languette avec une extrémité formant une surface d'appui en contact avec une portion de l'aube ou d'une des aubes, située radialement au droit de l'ajour correspondant.The invention relates to an axial turbomachine rectifier comprising: an inner ring with an annular row of openings; an annular row of blades, said blades extending substantially radially through said openings, respectively, and each having an opening on the inner side of the shell; at least one blade retainer insert inserted in at least one of the openings, with means for locking said insert in the perforation (s); remarkable that the locking means comprise at least one tongue with an end forming a bearing surface in contact with a portion of the blade or one of the blades, located radially to the right of the corresponding aperture.

Suivant un mode avantageux de l'invention, le redresseur comprend une couche de matériau abradable appliquée à l'intérieur de la virole interne qui enveloppe la ou les plaquettes de retenue.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the rectifier comprises a layer of abradable material applied inside the inner shell which envelops the retaining plate or plates.

Suivant un mode avantageux de l'invention, la plaquette de retenue est majoritairement en matériau métallique tel un alliage d'acier, un alliage d'aluminium, ou un alliage de titane.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the retaining plate is predominantly made of a metallic material such as a steel alloy, an aluminum alloy, or a titanium alloy.

Suivant un mode avantageux de l'invention, l'allongement de la plaquette de retenue est compris entre 10 mm et 150 mm, préférentiellement compris entre 30 mm et 100 mm, plus préférentiellement compris entre 40 mm et 70 mm.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the elongation of the retaining plate is between 10 mm and 150 mm, preferably between 30 mm and 100 mm, more preferably between 40 mm and 70 mm.

Suivant un mode avantageux de l'invention, la largeur de la plaquette de retenue selon sa direction transversale est comprise entre 5 mm et 40 mm, préférentiellement comprise entre 10 mm et 30 mm, plus préférentiellement comprise entre 15 mm et 20 mm.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the width of the retaining plate in its transverse direction is between 5 mm and 40 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 30 mm, more preferably between 15 mm and 20 mm.

Suivant un mode avantageux de l'invention, la surface d'appui peut être courbe de sorte à épouser une surface d'aube qui peut être concave ou convexe.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the bearing surface can be curved so as to match a blade surface which can be concave or convex.

Suivant un mode avantageux de l'invention, la ou au moins une surface d'appui forme une ligne d'appui.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the or at least one bearing surface forms a bearing line.

Suivant un mode avantageux de l'invention, la portion de l'aube ou d'une des aubes, en contact avec la surface d'appui de la ou d'une des languettes est située entre l'ajour et la virole interne.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the portion of the blade or one of the blades, in contact with the bearing surface of the or one of the tongues is located between the aperture and the inner shell.

Suivant un mode avantageux de l'invention, la surface d'appui s'étend le long de l'aube essentiellement parallèlement au plan moyen de la plaquette.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the bearing surface extends along the blade substantially parallel to the average plane of the wafer.

Suivant un mode avantageux de l'invention, la ou les languettes sont aptes à se déformer essentiellement suivant un axe de déformation majoritairement axial.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the tongue or tabs are able to deform substantially along a major axial deformation axis.

Suivant un mode avantageux de l'invention, la ou les languettes sont déformables élastiquement de manière à prendre sa ou leur position d'appui après insertion de la plaquette dans le ou les ajours.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the tongue or tabs are elastically deformable so as to take its or their support position after inserting the wafer in the or openings.

Suivant un mode avantageux de l'invention, la ou les languettes sont déformables plastiquement de manière à permettre sa ou leur mise en place à partir d'une position essentiellement dans l'étendue de la ou des plaquettes.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the tongue or tabs are plastically deformable so as to allow it or their establishment from a position substantially in the extent of the or platelets.

Suivant un mode avantageux de l'invention, la ou les languettes sont venues de matière avec la plaquette et découpées dans ladite plaquette, la découpe étant préférentiellement en forme générale de U.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the tongue or tabs are integral with the wafer and cut into said wafer, the cutout being preferentially in the general shape of U.

Suivant un mode avantageux de l'invention, les bords de la ou des languettes sont inscrits dans le contour de la plaquette de retenue, lesdits bords étant préférentiellement à distance dudit contour.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the edges of the tongue or tongues are inscribed in the contour of the retaining plate, said edges preferably being at a distance from said contour.

Suivant un mode avantageux de l'invention, la ou au moins une des plaquettes traverse les ajours d'au moins deux aubes consécutives, et comprend préférentiellement deux languettes disposées dans des directions opposées.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the or at least one of the plates passes through the openings of at least two consecutive blades, and preferably comprises two tongues arranged in opposite directions.

Suivant un mode avantageux de l'invention, les deux languettes coopèrent, chacune et respectivement, avec la face de chacune des deux aubes qui est en vis-à-vis de l'autre des deux aubes.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the two tabs cooperate, each and respectively, with the face of each of the two blades which is vis-à-vis the other of the two blades.

Suivant un mode avantageux de l'invention, les deux languettes coopèrent, chacune et respectivement, avec la face de chacune des deux aubes qui est opposée à l'autre des deux aubes.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the two tabs cooperate, each and respectively, with the face of each of the two blades which is opposite to the other of the two blades.

Suivant un mode avantageux de l'invention, le redresseur comprend au moins deux languettes disposées dans des directions opposées, lesdites deux languettes coopérant, chacune et respectivement, avec chacune des deux faces de l'aube ou d'une des aubes.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the rectifier comprises at least two tongues arranged in opposite directions, said two tongues cooperating, each and respectively, with each of the two faces of the blade or one of the blades.

Suivant un mode avantageux de l'invention, la plaquette présente une extrémité configurée pour venir en butée contre une face de l'aube ou d'une des aubes, la languette étant en contact avec la face opposée de ladite aube ou avec la face correspondante d'une autre des aubes.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the wafer has an end configured to abut against a face of the blade or one of the blades, the tongue being in contact with the opposite face of said blade or with the corresponding face of another of the blades.

Les quatre modes décrits ci-avant peuvent être combinés. En effet, il est envisageable de prévoir plus de deux languettes sur une même plaquette de retenue, les ou encore certaines de ces languettes pouvant être configurées suivant l'un de ces modes ou une quelconque combinaison de ceux-ci.The four modes described above can be combined. Indeed, it is conceivable to provide more than two tabs on the same retaining plate, or some of these tongues can be configured in one of these modes or any combination thereof.

Suivant un mode avantageux de l'invention, la surface d'appui de la ou des languettes contacte l'aube correspondante via un matériau élastomère appliqué sur ladite aube au niveau de l'ouverture correspondante dans la virole, ledit élastomère assurant une fonction de fixation de ladite aube à la virole et/ou une fonction d'étanchéité entre ladite aube et la virole.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the bearing surface of the tongue or tongues contacts the corresponding blade via an elastomeric material applied to said blade at the corresponding opening in the ferrule, said elastomer providing a fastening function said blade to the ferrule and / or a sealing function between said blade and the ferrule.

L'invention a également pour objet une turbomachine comprenant un redresseur, remarquable en ce que le redresseur est conforme à l'invention.The invention also relates to a turbomachine comprising a rectifier, remarkable in that the rectifier is in accordance with the invention.

Avantages apportésBenefits brought

L'invention propose une pièce de retenue d'aube dont la stabilité est améliorée. Sa précision de positionnement l'est également. Les moyens de blocage permettent grâce à la surface d'appui d'assurer une fonction de blocage et également d'orientation, ce qui simplifie la pièce de retenue. La stabilité de la pièce de retenue est également améliorée lorsqu'elle n'est en contact que d'une aube.The invention provides a blade retainer whose stability is improved. Its positioning accuracy is too. The locking means allow through the support surface to provide a blocking function and also orientation, which simplifies the retaining piece. The stability of the retainer is also improved when in contact with only one blade.

L'opération de montage est simplifiée. La manoeuvre de blocage de la pièce de retenue est assistée par la surface de butée contre laquelle viennent en butée les moyens de blocage. Leur forme ramassée permet de les renforcer, et de réduire la taille des ajours. La pièce de retenue est adaptée à des redresseurs de petite taille, tant son adaptation ne fragilisera pas les moyens de blocage.The editing operation is simplified. The locking operation of the retaining piece is assisted by the abutment surface against which abut the locking means. Their gathered shape helps strengthen them, and reduce the size of the openings. The retaining piece is suitable for small rectifiers, as its adaptation will not weaken the locking means.

L'invention permet de se dispenser de moyens de fixation tels des crochets qui demandent une certaine minutie pour pouvoir s'engager sur une aube. Le montage manuel de la pièce de rétention sera simple, indépendamment de la taille de l'aube.The invention makes it possible to dispense with fastening means such as hooks that require a certain minutia to be able to engage on a blade. The manual assembly of the retention room will be simple, regardless of the size of the blade.

Brève description des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

  • La figure 1 représente une turbomachine axiale selon l'invention.The figure 1 represents an axial turbomachine according to the invention.
  • La figure 2 est un schéma d'un compresseur de turbomachine selon l'invention.The figure 2 is a diagram of a turbomachine compressor according to the invention.
  • La figure 3 illustre une coupe d'un redresseur suivant un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention selon l'axe 3-3 tracé sur la figure 2.The figure 3 illustrates a section of a rectifier according to a first embodiment of the invention along the axis 3-3 drawn on the figure 2 .
  • La figure 4 présente une vue en plan d'une pièce de retenue selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention.The figure 4 shows a plan view of a retaining piece according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • La figure 5 présente une vue en plan d'une pièce de retenue selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention.The figure 5 shows a plan view of a retaining piece according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • La figure 6 présente une vue en plan d'une pièce de retenue selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention.The figure 6 shows a plan view of a retaining piece according to a third embodiment of the invention.
Description des modes de réalisationDescription of the embodiments

Dans la description qui va suivre, les termes intérieur et extérieur renvoient à un positionnement par rapport à l'axe de rotation d'une turbomachine axiale.In the following description, the terms inner and outer refer to a positioning relative to the axis of rotation of an axial turbomachine.

La figure 1 schématise une turbomachine axiale. Il s'agit dans ce cas précis d'un turboréacteur double-flux. Le turboréacteur 2 comprend un premier niveau de compression, dit compresseur basse-pression 4, un deuxième niveau de compression, dit compresseur haute-pression 6, une chambre de combustion 8 et un ou plusieurs niveaux de turbines 10. En fonctionnement, la puissance mécanique de la turbine 10 transmise via l'arbre central jusqu'au rotor 12 met en mouvement les deux compresseurs 4 et 6. Des moyens de démultiplication peuvent augmenter la vitesse de rotation transmise aux compresseurs. Ou encore, les différents étages de turbines peuvent chacun être reliés aux étages de compresseur via des arbres concentriques. Ces derniers comportent plusieurs rangées d'aubes de rotor associées à des rangées d'aubes de stators. La rotation du rotor autour de son axe de rotation 14 permet ainsi de générer un débit d'air et de comprimer progressivement ce dernier jusqu'à l'entrée de la chambre de combustion 10.The figure 1 schematizes an axial turbomachine. It is in this case a double-flow turbojet engine. The turbojet engine 2 comprises a first compression level, called a low-pressure compressor 4, a second compression level, called a high-pressure compressor 6, a combustion chamber 8 and one or more levels of turbines 10. In operation, the mechanical power the turbine 10 transmitted via the central shaft to the rotor 12 sets in motion the two compressors 4 and 6. Reducing means can increase the speed of rotation transmitted to the compressors. Or, the different turbine stages can each be connected to the compressor stages via concentric shafts. The latter comprise several rows of rotor blades associated with rows of stator vanes. The rotation of the rotor about its axis of rotation 14 thus makes it possible to generate an air flow and to compress it progressively until it reaches the combustion chamber 10.

Un ventilateur d'entrée communément désigné fan 16 est couplé au rotor 12 et génère un flux d'air qui se divise en un flux primaire 18 traversant les différents niveaux sus mentionnés de la turbomachine, et un flux secondaire 20 traversant un conduit annulaire (partiellement représenté) le long de la machine pour ensuite rejoindre le flux primaire en sortie de turbine. Les flux primaire 18 et secondaire 20 sont des flux annulaires, ils sont canalisés par le carter de la turbomachine. A cet effet, le carter présente des parois cylindriques ou viroles qui peuvent être internes et externes.A commonly designated fan inlet fan 16 is coupled to the rotor 12 and generates a flow of air which is divided into a primary flow 18 passing through the various levels mentioned above of the turbomachine, and a secondary flow 20 passing through an annular duct (partially shown) along the machine to then join the primary flow at the turbine outlet. The primary 18 and secondary 20 streams are annular flows, they are channeled by the casing of the turbomachine. For this purpose, the casing has cylindrical walls or ferrules which can be internal and external.

La figure 2 est une vue en coupe d'un compresseur basse-pression 4 d'une turbomachine axiale 2 telle que celle de la figure 1. On peut y observer une partie du fan 16 et le bec de séparation 22 du flux primaire 18 et du flux secondaire 20. Le rotor 12 comprend plusieurs rangées d'aubes rotoriques 24, par exemple trois.The figure 2 is a sectional view of a low-pressure compressor 4 of an axial turbomachine 2 such as that of the figure 1 . There can be observed a portion of the fan 16 and the separation nozzle 22 of the primary flow 18 and the secondary flow 20. The rotor 12 comprises several rows of rotor blades 24, for example three.

Le compresseur basse pression 4 comprend plusieurs redresseurs, par exemple quatre, qui contiennent chacun une rangée d'aubes statoriques 26 et une virole interne 28 fixée aux aubes. Les redresseurs sont associés au fan 16 ou à une rangée d'aubes rotoriques pour redresser le flux d'air, de sorte à convertir la vitesse du flux en pression.The low pressure compressor 4 comprises several rectifiers, for example four, each containing a row of stator vanes 26 and an inner ferrule 28 fixed to the vanes. The rectifiers are associated with the fan 16 or a row of rotor vanes to straighten the air flow, so as to convert the speed of the flow into pressure.

Les aubes statoriques 26 s'étendent essentiellement radialement depuis un carter extérieur, et peuvent y être fixées à l'aide d'un axe. Elles sont régulièrement espacées les unes des autres, et présentent une même orientation angulaire dans le flux. Avantageusement, ces aubes sont identiques. Eventuellement, l'espacement entre les aubes peut varier localement tout comme leur orientation angulaire. Certaines aubes peuvent être différentes du reste des aubes de la rangée.The stator vanes 26 extend substantially radially from an outer casing, and can be attached thereto by means of an axis. They are regularly spaced from each other, and have the same angular orientation in the flow. Advantageously, these vanes are identical. Optionally, the spacing between the blades may vary locally as well as their angular orientation. Some blades may be different from the rest of the blades in the row.

Chaque virole interne 28 présente une section en forme de « U » dont le creux reçoit une couche de matériau abradable 30. Les extrémités des aubes y sont engagées. Elles présentent des ajours traversant. Les ajours sont partiellement comblés de matériau abradable 30. Ils peuvent être essentiellement alignés de manière annulaire, ou former plusieurs jeux annulaires d'ajours décalés axialement. Un décalage radial peut être prévu pour un des jeux.Each inner shell 28 has a U-shaped section whose hollow receives a layer of abradable material 30. The ends of the blades are engaged. They present crossing openings. The openings are partially filled with abradable material 30. They can be substantially aligned in an annular manner, or form several annular sets of axially offset openings. A radial offset may be provided for one of the games.

La figure 3 est une vue en coupe du redresseur selon un premier mode de réalisation suivant l'axe 3-3 tracé sur la figure 2. Le redresseur peut être un redresseur amont de compresseur basse pression.The figure 3 is a sectional view of the rectifier according to a first embodiment along the axis 3-3 drawn on the figure 2 . The rectifier may be a low pressure compressor upstream rectifier.

Afin d'assurer la rétention radiale des aubes statoriques 26 par rapport à leur virole interne 28, le redresseur comporte au moins une pièce de retenue 36 d'aubes. Préférentiellement, chaque aube est reliée à une pièce de retenue. La pièce de retenue 36 présente une forme de plaquette, préférentiellement plate. Préférentiellement la pièce de retenue 36 est une plaquette. La pièce de retenue 36 comprend un corps. Son épaisseur est généralement constante. Elle présente un allongement principal et une direction transversale qui est perpendiculaire à son allongement principal. Elle a une forme générale de parallélogramme, préférentiellement de rectangle. Elle présente une surface principale.In order to ensure the radial retention of the stator vanes 26 with respect to their inner shell 28, the rectifier comprises at least one retaining piece 36 of vanes. Preferably, each blade is connected to a retaining piece. The retaining piece 36 has a wafer shape, preferably flat. Preferably, the retaining piece 36 is a plate. The retaining piece 36 comprises a body. Its thickness is generally constant. It has a main elongation and a transverse direction that is perpendicular to its main elongation. It has a general shape of parallelogram, preferably of rectangle. It has a main surface.

La pièce de retenue 36 est introduite dans au moins un ajour 34 d'aube, préférentiellement au moins deux ajours. Le nombre de pièces de retenue 36 peut être égal à celui des aubes statoriques 26 du redresseur, ou être inférieur ou égal à la moitié du nombre des aubes statoriques 26.The retaining piece 36 is introduced into at least one blade aperture 34, preferably at least two openings. The number of retaining pieces 36 may be equal to that of the stator vanes 26 of the stator, or may be less than or equal to half the number of stator vanes 26.

La pièce de retenue 36 est disposée de sorte à ce que sa surface principale soit sensiblement perpendiculaire à la direction radiale du redresseur. Son allongement principal est disposé perpendiculairement à la surface de l'extrémité de l'aube 32. De la sorte, elle optimise la rétention et l'ancrage des aubes selon leurs hauteurs.The retaining piece 36 is arranged so that its main surface is substantially perpendicular to the radial direction of the rectifier. Its main elongation is arranged perpendicular to the surface of the end of the blade 32. In this way, it optimizes the retention and anchoring of the blades according to their heights.

La pièce de retenue 36 est glissée dans un ou des ajours 34 avant la phase d'application de la couche de matériau abradable 30. Pour rester en position pendant cette phase, elle comprend des moyens de blocage sous forme de languette 38. Les languettes 38 sont inclinées de sorte à venir en appui contre au moins une aube, tout en facilitant leur mise en place, leur ajustement.The retaining piece 36 is slid into one or more openings 34 before the application phase of the layer of abradable material 30. To remain in position during this phase, it comprises locking means in the form of tongue 38. The tabs 38 are inclined so as to bear against at least one blade, while facilitating their introduction, their adjustment.

Les languettes 38 comprennent chacune une surface d'appui 40 allongée qui coopère avec une aube statorique 26 respective. Les languettes 38 s'étendent radialement, préférentiellement en direction de la virole interne 28. La ou au moins une des surfaces d'appui sont à distance du corps de la plaquette. Ainsi, les languettes 38 permettent de maintenir la perpendicularité entre la surface principale de la plaquette 36 par rapport à l'élévation de l'aube 26. Ceci optimise sa résistance à l'arrachement. Les languettes 38 peuvent être coudées. Des coudes peuvent être réalisés sur leur longueur de sorte à les rendre plus flexible. Ainsi, les positions des surfaces d'appui 40 peuvent être ajustées plus facilement.The tongues 38 each comprise an elongate bearing surface 40 which cooperates with a respective stator blade 26. The tongues 38 extend radially, preferably in the direction of the inner ferrule 28. The or at least one of the bearing surfaces are at a distance from the body of the wafer. Thus, the tabs 38 make it possible to maintain the perpendicularity between the main surface of the wafer 36 relative to the elevation of the blade 26. This optimizes its resistance to tearing. The tongues 38 can be bent. Elbows can be made along their length to make them more flexible. Thus, the positions of the bearing surfaces 40 can be adjusted more easily.

L'emploi d'une surface allongée pour la surface d'appui offre d'avantage de stabilité que des points de contact. L'allongement de la ou des surfaces d'appui 40 est généralement axial, cette direction correspondant à l'axe selon lequel la pièce de retenue 36 risque de pivoter lorsqu'elle n'est placée que dans un ajour. Dans une configuration ou la couche d'abradable présente une contremarche à hauteur d'une pièce de retenue 36, celle-ci ne risquera pas de tourner et de dépasser de la couche d'abradable.The use of an elongated surface for the support surface provides more stability than points of contact. The elongation of the bearing surface or surfaces 40 is generally axial, this direction corresponding to the axis in which the retaining piece 36 is likely to pivot when it is placed only in an aperture. In a configuration where the abradable layer has a riser at a height of a retaining piece 36, it will not run over and beyond the abradable layer.

Les moyens de blocage permettent donc de réduire la mobilité de la pièce de retenue 36 dans son ou ses ajours 34. Ils permettent également de la bloquer. Ils peuvent être configurés pour bloquer la pièce de retenue 36 en translation suivant au moins une direction, préférentiellement suivant trois directions orthogonales. Ils peuvent être configurés pour bloquer la pièce de retenue 36 en rotation suivant au moins un axe, préférentiellement suivant trois axes orthogonaux.The locking means therefore make it possible to reduce the mobility of the retaining piece 36 in its aperture (s) 34. They also make it possible to block it. They can be configured to block the retaining piece 36 in translation along at least one direction, preferably in three orthogonal directions. They can be configured to lock the retaining piece 36 in rotation along at least one axis, preferably along three orthogonal axes.

Le corps de la pièce de retenue 36 peut venir en appui contre le contour d'au moins un ajour 34 d'une aube, ce qui contribue au positionnement, et éventuellement au blocage de la pièce de retenue 36. La largeur de la pièce de retenue 36 peut être sensiblement ajustée à la largeur des ajours 34. La hauteur de la pièce de retenue 36 mesurée au niveau de ses moyens de blocage 38 est supérieure à celle de la hauteur des ajours 34. L'épaisseur du corps de la pièce de retenue 36 peut être sensiblement inférieure à la hauteur des ajours 34. Ces aspects de la géométrie de la pièce de retenue 36 permettent de l'adapter aux ajours 34 dans l'optique d'améliorer la stabilité.The body of the retaining piece 36 can bear against the contour of at least one aperture 34 of a blade, which contributes to the positioning, and possibly the locking of the retaining piece 36. The width of the piece of Retention 36 can be substantially adjusted to the width of the openings 34. The height of the retaining piece 36 measured at its locking means 38 is greater than that of the height of the openings 34. The thickness of the body of the room Retention 36 may be substantially less than the height of the openings 34. These aspects of the geometry of the retaining piece 36 make it possible to adapt it to the openings 34 in order to improve the stability.

Les moyens de blocage 38 peuvent coopérer avec une même aube statorique 26, ou avec au moins deux aubes statoriques 26 voisines. Le redresseur peut comprendre un matériau élastomère 42 disposé à l'interface entre une aube 26 et son ouverture de la virole interne 28. Préférentiellement le matériau élastomère est disposé à chaque interface entre les aubes et leurs ouvertures respectives. Ce matériau élastomère 42 assure des fonctions de positionnement et d'étanchéité. Il peut être en matériau silicone. Il forme un bourrelet s'étendant vers l'intérieur. Avantageusement, ce bourrelet forme des chanfreins autour de l'aube statorique 26. Les chanfreins sont configurés de sorte à ce que les surfaces d'appui 40 viennent à leur contact lorsque les languettes 38 sont déployées. La surface d'un des chanfreins est incidente à l'arc de cercle que peut balayer une surface d'appui 40 lors de la manoeuvre de la languette 38 associée.The locking means 38 may cooperate with the same stator blade 26, or with at least two stator blades 26 adjacent. The rectifier may comprise an elastomeric material 42 disposed to the interface between a blade 26 and its opening of the inner shell 28. Preferably the elastomeric material is disposed at each interface between the blades and their respective openings. This elastomeric material 42 provides positioning and sealing functions. It can be made of silicone material. It forms a bead extending inwards. Advantageously, this bead forms chamfers around the stator vane 26. The chamfers are configured so that the bearing surfaces 40 come into contact with them when the tongues 38 are deployed. The surface of one of the chamfers is incident to the arc that can sweep a bearing surface 40 during the operation of the tongue 38 associated.

La pièce de retenue 36 est produite ou fournie en ayant ses moyens de blocage 38 essentiellement logés dans l'épaisseur de son corps. Ils sont rabattus. Lors du montage de la pièce de retenue 36, elle est introduite dans un ajour 34, puis ses moyens de blocage 38 sont déformés plastiquement par un opérateur jusqu'à venir en contact de l'aube. Ils sont alors déployés. La ou les languettes sont pliées. Cette opération de montage est simple à effectuer car l'opérateur effectue un mouvement de déformation en appuyant radialement sur les moyens de blocage 38. Ils sont facilement accessibles depuis l'extérieur. Cette opération ne demande que peu de précision, et peu de minutie. Le positionnement et le blocage de la pièce de retenue 36 sont rapidement effectués.The retaining piece 36 is produced or supplied having its locking means 38 substantially housed in the thickness of its body. They are folded. During assembly of the retaining piece 36, it is introduced into an aperture 34, then its locking means 38 are deformed plastically by an operator until coming into contact with the blade. They are then deployed. The tongue or tabs are folded. This mounting operation is simple to perform because the operator performs a deformation movement by pressing radially on the locking means 38. They are easily accessible from the outside. This operation requires little precision, and little attention to detail. The positioning and locking of the retaining piece 36 are quickly performed.

Suivant une alternative de l'invention, la pièce de retenue est produite ou fournie en ayant ses moyens de blocage déployés. Ils font saillie par rapport au corps de la pièce de retenue. Lors du montage, la pièce de retenue est introduite dans au moins un ajour, et ses moyens de blocage se déforment élastiquement. Une fois que la pièce de retenue 36 occupe sa place définitive, les moyens de blocage 38 coopèrent avec l'aube et positionnent la pièce de retenue 36 tout en permettant d'en maintenir l'orientation selon au moins un axe de rotation.According to an alternative of the invention, the retaining piece is produced or supplied with its blocking means deployed. They protrude from the body of the retainer. During assembly, the retaining piece is introduced into at least one aperture, and its locking means deform elastically. Once the retaining piece 36 occupies its final place, the locking means 38 cooperate with the blade and position the retaining piece 36 while allowing to maintain the orientation along at least one axis of rotation.

Les moyens de blocage 38 peuvent comprendre des premiers moyens de blocage et des deuxièmes moyens de blocage avec chacun une surface d'appui 40. Les surfaces d'appui 40 sont orientées dans des directions différentes, préférentiellement opposées. Préférentiellement, les surfaces d'appui 40 des premiers et deuxièmes moyens de blocage coopèrent chacune avec une aube différente.The locking means 38 may comprise first locking means and second locking means each having a bearing surface 40. The bearing surfaces 40 are oriented in directions different, preferentially opposed. Preferably, the bearing surfaces 40 of the first and second locking means each cooperate with a different blade.

La figure 4 représente une vue en plan de la pièce de retenue 36 d'aube selon le premier mode de réalisation de l'invention.The figure 4 represents a plan view of the blade retainer 36 according to the first embodiment of the invention.

Les moyens de blocage 38 sont découpés dans le corps de la pièce de retenue 36. Leurs contours peuvent correspondre localement au contour de la pièce de retenue 36, ou être distants des contours de la pièce de retenue 36. La découpe 44 des moyens de blocage 38 peut être sensiblement un « L » ou un « U ».The locking means 38 are cut in the body of the retaining piece 36. Their contours may correspond locally to the contour of the retaining piece 36, or may be distant from the contours of the retaining piece 36. The cutout 44 of the locking means 38 can be substantially an "L" or a "U".

Les moyens de blocage 38 peuvent comprennent deux languettes 38, préférentiellement rectangulaires. Elles présentent chacune une direction principale. Chaque languette présente deux côtés opposés, l'un étant lié au corps, l'autre comprenant la surface d'appui 40. Cette dernière à une longueur supérieure à 3,00 mm, préférentiellement supérieure à 5,00 mm, plus préférentiellement supérieure à 12,00 mm. La longueur de la surface d'appui représente plus de 10% de l'allongement de la pièce de retenue 36, préférentiellement plus de 20%, plus préférentiellement plus de 30%. Ces proportions améliorent la stabilité de la pièce de retenue 36 par rapport à la ou les aubes auxquelles elle est positionnée, notamment en raison des jeux mécaniques.The locking means 38 may comprise two tabs 38, preferably rectangular. They each have a main direction. Each tongue has two opposite sides, one being connected to the body, the other comprising the bearing surface 40. The latter has a length greater than 3.00 mm, preferably greater than 5.00 mm, more preferably greater than 12.00 mm. The length of the bearing surface represents more than 10% of the elongation of the retaining piece 36, preferably more than 20%, more preferably more than 30%. These proportions improve the stability of the retaining piece 36 with respect to the blade or blades to which it is positioned, in particular because of the mechanical clearances.

Cette forme de pièce de retenue 36 est particulièrement adaptée pour servir d'ancrage pour deux aubes voisines. Elle peut également servir d'ancrage pour au moins une troisième aube voisine. Pour cela, il suffit de l'allonger en conséquence.This form of retaining piece 36 is particularly suitable for anchoring for two neighboring blades. It can also serve as anchor for at least a third dawn neighbor. For this, simply lengthen it accordingly.

La figure 5 représente une vue en plan d'une pièce de retenue d'aube selon un deuxième mode de réalisation l'invention. Cette figure 5 reprend la numérotation des figures précédentes pour les éléments identiques ou similaires, la numérotation étant toutefois incrémentée de 100.The figure 5 represents a plan view of a blade retaining piece according to a second embodiment of the invention. This figure 5 resumes the numbering of the preceding figures for identical or similar elements, the numbering however being incremented by 100.

La pièce de retenue 136 présente une forme générale de rectangle. Ses premiers et deuxièmes moyens blocage 138 s'étendent les uns vers les autres suivant l'allongement de la pièce de retenue 136. Ils sont en élévation du même côté du corps de la pièce de retenue 136. Les moyens de blocage comprennent deux languettes 138 dont les découpes 144 sont distantes, ou jointes de sorte à réaliser une économie de fabrication.The retaining piece 136 has a general shape of rectangle. Its first and second locking means 138 extend towards each other following the extension of the retaining piece 136. They are in elevation on the same side of the body of the retaining piece 136. The means locking members comprise two tabs 138 whose cutouts 144 are distant, or joined so as to achieve a manufacturing economy.

Cette pièce de retenue 136 est adaptée pour être montée sur une même aube, ses moyens de blocage 138 parviennent à assurer un blocage et une stabilité avec une unique aube. En l'allongeant, cette pièce de retenue 136 peut également assurer l'ancrage d'autres aubes voisines.This retaining piece 136 is adapted to be mounted on the same blade, its blocking means 138 manage to ensure blocking and stability with a single blade. By lengthening it, this retaining piece 136 can also ensure the anchoring of other neighboring blades.

La figure 6 représente une vue en plan d'une pièce de retenue d'aube selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention. Cette figure 6 reprend la numérotation des figures précédentes pour les éléments identiques ou similaires, la numérotation étant toutefois incrémentée de 200. Des numéros spécifiques sont créés pour les nouveaux éléments.The figure 6 is a plan view of a blade retainer according to a third embodiment of the invention. This figure 6 resumes the numbering of the preceding figures for identical or similar elements, the numbering however being incremented by 200. Specific numbers are created for the new elements.

La pièce de retenue 236 présente une extrémité 246 configurée pour venir en butée contre l'aube statorique, et assurer un blocage en combinaison avec une languette 238. L'extrémité peut présenter des butées tels des épaulements latéraux. Ces derniers comportent chacun une surface d'appui 240 discontinue. Les surfaces d'appuis 240 de la languette 238 et des épaulements sont disposées à des hauteurs différentes par rapport au corps de la pièce de retenue 236. Le blocage selon une orientation donnée est plus stable. Les épaulement et la languette 238 sont robustes, ils ne risquent pas d'être détériorés pendant l'assemblage.The retaining piece 236 has an end 246 configured to abut against the stator vane, and ensure a locking in combination with a tongue 238. The end may have stops such as lateral shoulders. These latter each comprise a discontinuous bearing surface 240. The bearing surfaces 240 of the tongue 238 and the shoulders are arranged at different heights relative to the body of the retaining piece 236. The locking in a given orientation is more stable. The shoulder and the tongue 238 are robust, they are not likely to be damaged during assembly.

Claims (15)

  1. Axial turbomachine rectifier (2), comprising:
    - an internal shroud (28) with an annular row of openings ,
    - an annular row of blades (26), the said blades extending substantially radially through the said openings, respectively, and each comprising a cut-out (34) on the inside of the shroud,
    - at least one blade-retaining plate (36, 136, 236) inserted into at least of the cut-out(s) (34), with means of immobilisation of the said plate in the cut-out(s),
    characterized in that
    the means of immobilisation comprise at least one tongue (38, 138, 238) with an end forming a support surface (40, 140, 240) in contact with a portion of the blade (26) or of one of the blades (26), said portion being located radially directly above the corresponding cut-out.
  2. Rectifier in accordance with Claim 1, wherein the portion of the blade (26) or of one of the blades (26) in contact with the support surface (40, 140, 240) of the tongue(s) (38, 138, 238) is located between the cut-out (34) and the internal shroud (28).
  3. Rectifier in accordance with one of Claims 1 and 2, wherein the support surface (40, 140, 240) extends along the blade substantially parallel to the mean plane of the plate (36, 136, 236).
  4. Rectifier in accordance with one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the tongue(s) (38, 138, 238) are designed to deform essentially along a predominantly axial deformation axis.
  5. Rectifier in accordance with one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein the tongue(s) (38, 138, 238) is/are elastically deformable so as to take its/their support position after insertion of the plate (36, 136, 236) in the cut-out(s).
  6. Rectifier in accordance with one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein the tongue(s) (38, 138, 238) is/are plastically deformable so as to enable its/their positioning from a position essentially within the extent the plate (36, 136, 236).
  7. Rectifier in accordance with one of Claims 1 to 6, wherein the tongue(s) (38, 138, 238) is/are integral with the plate (36, 136, 236) and is/are cut out from the said plate, the cut-out being preferably in the general shape of a U.
  8. Rectifier in accordance with one of Claims 1 to 7, wherein the edges of the tongue(s) (38, 138, 238) lie within the outline of the plate (36, 136, 236), the said edges being preferably spaced from the said outline.
  9. Rectifier in accordance with one of Claims 1 to 8, wherein the or at least one of the plates (36, 136, 236) passes through the cut-outs (34) of at least two adjacent blades (26) and preferably comprises two tongues (38, 138) pointing in opposite directions.
  10. Rectifier in accordance with Claim 9, wherein the two tongues (38) cooperate respectively with the faces of each of the two blades (26) which face each other.
  11. Rectifier in accordance with Claim 9, wherein the two tongues (38) cooperate respectively with the faces of each of the two blades (26) which are opposite one another.
  12. Rectifier in accordance with one of Claims 1 to 11, wherein it comprises at least two tongues (138) pointing in opposite directions, the said two tongues cooperating, each and respectively, with each of the two faces of the blade (26) or one of the blades (26).
  13. Rectifier in accordance with one of Claims 1 to 9, wherein the plate (236) has an end (246) configured to abut against one face of the blade (26) or of one of the blades (26), the tongue (238) being in contact with the opposite face of the said blade (26) or with the corresponding face of another blade.
  14. Rectifier in accordance with one of Claims 1 to 13, the support surface(s) of the tongue(s) (38, 138, 238) contact(s) the corresponding blade (26) via an elastomeric material (42) applied to the said blade at the corresponding opening in the shroud (28), the said elastomer (42) retaining the said blade (26) in the shroud (28) and/or providing a seal function between the said blade (26) and the shroud (28).
  15. Turbomachine (2) comprising a rectifier, wherein the rectifier is in accordance with one of Claims 1 to 14.
EP12199336.4A 2012-12-24 2012-12-24 Retaining plate for turbomachine stator vane with internal cut-outs Active EP2746538B1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12199336.4A EP2746538B1 (en) 2012-12-24 2012-12-24 Retaining plate for turbomachine stator vane with internal cut-outs
CA2836434A CA2836434A1 (en) 2012-12-24 2013-12-16 Blade-retaining plate with internal cut-outs for a turbomachine stator
RU2013156800A RU2671260C2 (en) 2012-12-24 2013-12-20 Blade-retaining plate with internal cut-outs for turbomachine stator
US14/136,070 US9771815B2 (en) 2012-12-24 2013-12-20 Blade-retaining plate with internal cut-outs for a turbomachine stator
CN201310757394.0A CN103899579B (en) 2012-12-24 2013-12-24 The blade holding plate for turbine stator with internal incision

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12199336.4A EP2746538B1 (en) 2012-12-24 2012-12-24 Retaining plate for turbomachine stator vane with internal cut-outs

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2746538A1 EP2746538A1 (en) 2014-06-25
EP2746538B1 true EP2746538B1 (en) 2016-05-18

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EP12199336.4A Active EP2746538B1 (en) 2012-12-24 2012-12-24 Retaining plate for turbomachine stator vane with internal cut-outs

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US9771815B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2746538B1 (en)
CN (1) CN103899579B (en)
CA (1) CA2836434A1 (en)
RU (1) RU2671260C2 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1022513B1 (en) * 2014-11-18 2016-05-19 Techspace Aero S.A. INTERNAL COMPRESSOR OF AXIAL TURBOMACHINE COMPRESSOR
BE1023367B1 (en) * 2015-08-19 2017-02-20 Safran Aero Boosters S.A. FIXING INTERNAL VIROL OF AXIAL TURBOMACHINE COMPRESSOR
US10767503B2 (en) * 2017-06-09 2020-09-08 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Stator assembly with retention clip for gas turbine engine
US20190078469A1 (en) * 2017-09-11 2019-03-14 United Technologies Corporation Fan exit stator assembly retention system
US11852038B2 (en) 2019-11-07 2023-12-26 Rtx Corporation Stator retention of gas turbine engine

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GB695724A (en) * 1950-08-01 1953-08-19 Rolls Royce Improvements in or relating to structural elements for axial-flow turbo-machines such as compressors or turbines of gas-turbine engines
US2812159A (en) * 1952-08-19 1957-11-05 Gen Electric Securing means for turbo-machine blading
US3326523A (en) * 1965-12-06 1967-06-20 Gen Electric Stator vane assembly having composite sectors
US3752598A (en) * 1971-11-17 1973-08-14 United Aircraft Corp Segmented duct seal
FR2697285B1 (en) * 1992-10-28 1994-11-25 Snecma Blade end locking system.
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US6409472B1 (en) * 1999-08-09 2002-06-25 United Technologies Corporation Stator assembly for a rotary machine and clip member for a stator assembly
DE60026686T2 (en) 2000-12-06 2006-10-05 Techspace Aero S.A. Stator stage of a compressor
GB0206136D0 (en) * 2002-03-15 2002-04-24 Rolls Royce Plc Improvements in or relating to cellular materials
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ITMI20041781A1 (en) * 2004-09-17 2004-12-17 Nuovo Pignone Spa PROTECTION DEVICE FOR A STATOR OF A TURBINE
EP2072760B1 (en) * 2007-12-21 2012-03-21 Techspace Aero Device for attaching vanes to a stage collar of a turbomachine stator and associated attachment method
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FR2958680B1 (en) * 2010-04-13 2015-08-14 Snecma INTERMEDIATE CASE OF MULTI-FLOW TURBOREACTOR

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Publication number Publication date
CA2836434A1 (en) 2014-06-24
US20140178193A1 (en) 2014-06-26
US9771815B2 (en) 2017-09-26
EP2746538A1 (en) 2014-06-25
RU2013156800A (en) 2015-06-27
CN103899579B (en) 2018-03-27
RU2671260C2 (en) 2018-10-30
CN103899579A (en) 2014-07-02

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