EP2731193B1 - Système d'antenne spatiale - Google Patents

Système d'antenne spatiale Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2731193B1
EP2731193B1 EP12007610.4A EP12007610A EP2731193B1 EP 2731193 B1 EP2731193 B1 EP 2731193B1 EP 12007610 A EP12007610 A EP 12007610A EP 2731193 B1 EP2731193 B1 EP 2731193B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
boom
platform
radiating element
feed arrangement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12007610.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2731193A1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Fügen
Michael VÖLKER
Rainer Klein
Jean-Christophe Angevain
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Original Assignee
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airbus Defence and Space GmbH filed Critical Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Priority to EP12007610.4A priority Critical patent/EP2731193B1/fr
Priority to CA2829633A priority patent/CA2829633C/fr
Publication of EP2731193A1 publication Critical patent/EP2731193A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2731193B1 publication Critical patent/EP2731193B1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1207—Supports; Mounting means for fastening a rigid aerial element
    • H01Q1/1228—Supports; Mounting means for fastening a rigid aerial element on a boom
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/104—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces using a substantially flat reflector for deflecting the radiated beam, e.g. periscopic antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/19—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2658—Phased-array fed focussing structure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a space borne antenna system.
  • the invention relates to a multiple antenna system for space borne applications like radar, synthetic aperture radar (SAR), interferometric SAR or moving target indication (MTI).
  • SAR synthetic aperture radar
  • MTI moving target indication
  • Known antenna systems for example an interferometric SAR instrument, often comprise two or more radiating apertures (i.e. antenna arrangements) which are mounted on a single platform, e.g. a spacecraft or a satellite, with a certain spatial sensor separation.
  • a large separation, i.e. baseline, between the radiating apertures is reached by mounting at least one of the antennas on the tip of a boom like structure.
  • the boom like structure e.g. arm or mast
  • the boom has to be adapted to have a sufficient, predetermined stiffness.
  • this may result in a heavy and mechanically complex boom.
  • the distance between platform and antenna may influence the performance of the antenna system.
  • US 6 424 314 B1 discloses a support for a deployable reflector for use on a modular satellite antenna assembly being constructed of an elongated boom supported at both ends by a pair of two axis actuators.
  • the boom is attached at its inboard end to the satellite structure in close proximity to the point of attachment of the associated signal feed assembly to minimize the differential thermal stress throughout the antenna assembly.
  • EP 1 119 072 A2 discloses a method and apparatus for producing contiguous spot beam communications coverage on the Earth's surface.
  • the apparatus comprises an antenna system including two wide scan antennas and two narrow scan antennas.
  • the two wide scan antennas are disposed substantially opposite each other, and the two narrow scan antennas are disposed substantially opposite each other and substantially normal to the wide scan antennas.
  • the first wide scan antenna, second wide scan antenna, and first narrow scan antenna produce a first beam pattern on a planetary surface and the first wide scan antenna, second wide scan antenna, and second narrow scan antenna produce a second beam pattern on the planetary surface.
  • D.M. Simpson "The Qualcomm Family” discloses spacecraft configuration called “Snapdragon” being a repackaging of existing hardware on a new structure.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that separation of the feed arrangement and the radiation element enables a more performing antenna system.
  • the reason for the better performance is the fact that no cables between the platform and the tip of the boom have to be installed.
  • the signals In known antenna systems, for the exchange of control commandos or RF signals between the platform and an antenna being arranged on the tip of the boom, the signals have to be routed along the boom by cables or waveguides which is complex. RF signal quality suffers from losses due to cable or waveguide length.
  • no calibration effort and thermal control of the antennas remote from the platform is necessary.
  • the first radiating element may be adapted to receive electromagnetic waves from the first feed arrangement and to redirect them in a different direction.
  • this first antenna arrangement represents a transmit (Tx) antenna.
  • the first radiating element may be adapted to receive electromagnetic waves and to redirect them in a different direction to the first feed arrangement.
  • the first antenna arrangement is adapted to be a receive (Rx) antenna.
  • the first radiating element may be adapted to receive electromagnetic waves from the first feed arrangement and to redirect them in a different direction and to receive electromagnetic waves from the different direction and to redirect them to the first feed arrangement.
  • this first antenna arrangement represents a receive and transmit (Rx/Tx) antenna.
  • the first radiating element can comprise a flat reflector, such as a reflecting plane, or a reflector or a reflect-array.
  • the radiating elements can be passive elements having a predetermined shape and reflecting properties according to a desired signal beam deflection.
  • the first feed arrangement comprises a first secondary antenna that can comprise at least one reflector antenna or reflect-array antenna or antenna elements.
  • the first secondary antenna system can comprise a feed system and one or more reflectors or one and more reflect-arrays.
  • the feed system may comprise one or more antenna elements.
  • the first feed arrangement is realized as focusing secondary antenna for the first radiating element. It may comprise of at least one ore more reflector antennas or reflect-array antennas. Likewise, the first feed arrangement may comprise at least one reflector antenna system, comprising or consisting of at least one or more feed elements and a one ore more reflectors. The first feed arrangement may alternatively comprise at least one reflect-array antenna system, comprising or consisting of one or more feed elements and one or more reflect-arrays. Hence, electromagnetic waves may be deflected by or within the feed arrangement. In such an antenna system, multiple antenna elements in the feed system may be used for beam squint in any direction. Likewise, one or more first secondary antennas may be used for beam squint in any direction.
  • An example for the first secondary antenna with more than one reflector comprises a cassegrain like secondary (hyperbolic) reflector which is illuminated with at least one focusing (parabolic) ternary reflector which is illuminated by a feed system with one or more antenna elements.
  • the first boom is a deployable or extractable structure (e.g. a mast or telescopic arm) with arbitrary shape and configuration.
  • the shape and the configuration of the boom may be arbitrary, since it is not essential for the current invention as long as there is a baseline, i.e. distance, between the first feed arrangement and a corresponding first radiating element.
  • a further antenna or antenna system (in other words: an antenna arrangement) is arranged on or close to the platform, wherein the antenna or antenna system is adapted for reception and/or transmission of electromagnetic waves.
  • the antenna system according to the invention comprises more than one antenna arrangements.
  • the further antenna arranged on or close to the platform may be used as a receive antenna, while the first antenna arrangement which has a respective first radiating element mounted at the tip of the first boom is a transmit antenna.
  • the antenna system according to the invention further comprises a second antenna arrangement with the same features as the first antenna arrangement. In case the first and the second antenna arrangements are operating as transmit antennas, the antenna system may be used as an interferometric SAR antenna system.
  • An advantage of the antenna system according to the invention is that the radiating elements can be realized passive, i.e. no RF signals need to be routed along the boom(s) being connected to the platform.
  • the weight of the passive radiating element at the end of the boom is low. This approach avoids laying RF waveguides along the deployable boom, and minimizes calibration efforts and electrical losses in these waveguides.
  • a further advantage of the proposed antenna system is that the feed system and its assigned electronics are mounted in close vicinity of the platform or directly into the platform where they are under tight thermal control.
  • the principle advantage is that the proposed feed system allows architectures with very long boom (boom length >> diameter of reflecting element at tip of boom) as the first secondary antenna illuminates the first radiating element.
  • Tx transmit
  • Rx receive
  • Fig. 1 shows a first example of a known space borne antenna system.
  • the antenna system comprises a platform 10, a boom 20, a feed system 30 and a passive radiating element 40a.
  • the platform 10 may be, for example, a satellite or a spacecraft.
  • the boom 20 can be, for example, a mast or a telescopic arm.
  • the boom 20 comprises a first end 21 and a second end 22. While the first end 21 is attached to the platform 10, the second end 22 which constitutes a tip of the boom 20 bears the radiating element 40a. This means, the radiating element 40a is mounted at the tip of the boom.
  • the radiating element 40a is a flat reflector, such as a reflecting plane, or a reflect-array which typically have a surface which is within one plane.
  • the feed system 30 is arranged on or close to the platform 10.
  • the feed system 30 may comprise one or more antenna elements.
  • the combination of feed system 30 and radiating element 40a is called an antenna arrangement.
  • An electronics or control unit of the feed system 30 which is not shown in the figures can be mounted in close vicinity of the platform 10 or directly into the platform 10.
  • the feed system 30 and the radiating element 40a are arranged such that the radiating element 40a can receive electromagnetic waves from the feed system 30 and redirect them in a different direction (beam direction 50).
  • the antenna arrangement constitutes a transmit (Tx) antenna.
  • the antenna arrangement could be realized such that electromagnetic waves received by the radiating element 40a may be directed to the feed system to constitute a receive (Rx) antenna.
  • the antenna system may be adapted to both receive and transmit electromagnetic waves, such that the antenna system constitutes a receive and transmit antenna.
  • Fig. 2 shows a second known example of a space borne antenna system which differs from the example of Fig. 1 only in that, that the passive radiating element is a reflector 40b which may have a concave surface.
  • the reflector may be a parabolic reflector or of any other shape.
  • the feed arrangement is a secondary antenna 44 consisting of a reflector 43 and a feed system 30 directed to the reflector or reflect-array.
  • the feed system 30 may comprise one or more antenna elements.
  • the reflector 43 may be realized alternatively as reflect-array.
  • the reflector 40b (or alternatively flat reflector, e.g. reflecting plane or reflect-array) at the tip of the boom 20 constitutes a primary antenna and the antenna 44 a secondary antenna.
  • the primary antenna 42 on the tip of the boom receives electromagnetic waves from the secondary antenna 44 and forwards them in the direction of intention (beam direction 50).
  • the primary antenna element 42 receives electromagnetic waves from the beam direction 50 and directs them in the direction of the secondary antenna 44.
  • Providing a feed arrangement on or close to the platform 10 and the first end 21 of the boom, respectively, and a radiating element at the second end 22 of the boom 20 ensures that no RF (radio frequency) signals need to be routed along the boom via cables or waveguides. This approach avoids laying RF waveguides along the fixed or deployable boom, and minimizes calibration efforts and electrical losses in these waveguides.
  • An antenna system comprises two antenna arrangements.
  • the first antenna arrangement comprises a first boom 20-1, a first passive radiating element 40b-1 (constituting a first primary antenna 42-1) at the tip of the first boom 20-1 and a first feed arrangement (i.e. first secondary antenna 44-1) close to or arranged in the platform 10.
  • the second antenna arrangement comprises a second boom 20-2, a second passive radiating element 40b-2 (constituting a second primary antenna 42-2) at the tip of the second boom 20-2 and a second feed arrangement (i.e. a second secondary antenna 44-2) close to or arranged in the platform 10.
  • the first and second booms 20-1 and 20-2 are arranged on opposite sides of the platform 10.
  • a baseline (distance) between the two radiators 40b-1 and 40b-2 is depicted with 60.
  • Both feed arrangements consist of a reflecting element 43-1 and 43-2 as well as a feed system 30-1 and 30-2.
  • one of the antenna arrangements may be used as transmit (Tx) antenna while the other antenna arrangement may be used as receive (Rx) antenna.
  • at least one of the antenna arrangements might be adapted to be a receive and transmit antenna.
  • the embodiment of an antenna system according to the invention is based on the fourth example illustrated in Fig. 4 .
  • a further antenna 70 is mounted on or in close vicinity to the platform 10.
  • the antenna 70 comprises a reflector or reflect-array 72 and a feed system 71. While the further antenna 70 is adapted to receive electromagnetic waves (receive Rx antenna), the two other antenna arrangements are configured to transmit electromagnetic waves (transmit Tx antennas). Alternatively, receive and transmit direction might be interchanged between the antenna arrangements.
  • An antenna system as illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5 may be used as across track and/or along track interferometric SAR.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Système d'antenne spatiale, comprenant
    - une plate-forme (10) ayant un premier segment tubulaire (20-1) et un second segment tubulaire (20-2), le premier segment tubulaire (20-1) s'étendant depuis un premier côté de la plate-forme (10) dans une première direction et le second segment tubulaire (20-2) s'étendant depuis un deuxième côté de la plate-forme (10) dans une seconde direction, les premier et deuxième côtés étant des côtés opposés de la plate-forme (10) et la première direction étant opposée à la seconde direction ;
    - un premier agencement d'antenne comprenant les éléments suivants :
    - un premier agencement d'alimentation (30-1) disposé sur ou près de la plate-forme (10), le premier agencement d'alimentation (30-1) comprenant une première antenne secondaire (43-1), et
    - un premier élément rayonnant (40b-1) qui est monté au niveau d'un bout du premier segment tubulaire, le bout du premier segment tubulaire étant éloigné de la plate-forme (10), le premier segment tubulaire comprenant une première extrémité et une seconde extrémité, la première extrémité du premier segment tubulaire étant fixée à la plate-forme (10) et la seconde extrémité du premier segment tubulaire étant le bout du premier segment tubulaire, le premier élément rayonnant (40b-1) étant conçu pour recevoir des ondes électromagnétiques en provenance du premier agencement d'alimentation (30-1) et pour rediriger celles-ci dans une direction différente et/ou inversement, ladite direction différente étant une direction de rayonnement principale du premier élément rayonnant (40b-1) ;
    - un second agencement d'antenne comprenant les éléments suivants :
    - un second agencement d'alimentation (30-2) disposé sur ou près de la plate-forme (10), le second agencement d'alimentation (30-2) comprenant une seconde antenne secondaire (43-2), et
    - un second élément rayonnant (40b-2) monté au niveau d'un bout du second segment tubulaire, le bout du second segment tubulaire étant éloigné de la plate-forme (10), le second segment tubulaire comprenant une première extrémité et une seconde extrémité, la première extrémité du second segment tubulaire étant fixée à la plate-forme (10) et la seconde extrémité du second segment tubulaire étant le bout du second segment tubulaire, le second élément rayonnant (40b-2) étant conçu pour recevoir des ondes électromagnétiques en provenance du second agencement d'alimentation (30-2) et pour rediriger celles-ci dans une direction différente et/ou inversement, ladite direction différente étant une direction de rayonnement principale du second élément rayonnant (40b-2) ; et
    - une antenne supplémentaire (70) disposée sur la plate-forme (10) et conçue pour la réception et/ou l'émission d'ondes électromagnétiques dans une direction de rayonnement principale, les premier et second segments tubulaires (20-1, 20-2) étant des structures pouvant être déployées ou extraites, et une longueur de segment tubulaire du premier segment tubulaire (20-1) étant plus longue qu'un diamètre du premier élément rayonnant (40b-1), et une longueur de segment tubulaire du second segment tubulaire (20-2) étant plus longue qu'un diamètre du second élément rayonnant (40b-2),
    la direction de rayonnement principale des premier et second éléments rayonnants correspondant à la direction de rayonnement principale de l'antenne supplémentaire (70),
    dans une première alternative, l'antenne supplémentaire (70) étant conçue pour recevoir des ondes électromagnétiques, tandis que les premier et second agencements d'antenne sont conçus pour émettre des ondes électromagnétiques, ou
    dans une seconde alternative, l'antenne supplémentaire (70) et les premier et second agencements d'antenne étant conçus de telle sorte que les directions de réception et d'émission sont échangées par rapport à la première alternative.
  2. Système d'antenne selon la revendication 1, dans lequel chacun des premier et second éléments rayonnants (40b-1, 40b-2) comprend un plan de réflexion ou un réflecteur ou un réseau de réflexion.
  3. Système d'antenne selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel chacune des première et seconde antennes secondaires (44-1, 44-2) comprend une antenne à réflecteur ou une antenne à réseau de réflexion ou des éléments d'antenne.
  4. Système d'antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le premier agencement d'alimentation (30-1) est disposé sur ou près du premier côté de la plate-forme (10), et le second agencement d'alimentation (30-2) est disposé sur ou près du deuxième côté de la plate-forme (10).
  5. Système d'antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'antenne supplémentaire (70) est disposée sur un troisième côté de la plate-forme (10) différent des premier et deuxième côtés de la plate-forme (10).
  6. Système d'antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le système d'antenne spatiale est un radar à synthèse d'ouverture.
EP12007610.4A 2012-11-08 2012-11-08 Système d'antenne spatiale Active EP2731193B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12007610.4A EP2731193B1 (fr) 2012-11-08 2012-11-08 Système d'antenne spatiale
CA2829633A CA2829633C (fr) 2012-11-08 2013-10-07 Systeme d'antenne aerospatial

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12007610.4A EP2731193B1 (fr) 2012-11-08 2012-11-08 Système d'antenne spatiale

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2731193A1 EP2731193A1 (fr) 2014-05-14
EP2731193B1 true EP2731193B1 (fr) 2019-07-24

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EP12007610.4A Active EP2731193B1 (fr) 2012-11-08 2012-11-08 Système d'antenne spatiale

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EP (1) EP2731193B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2829633C (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105510916B (zh) * 2015-11-30 2017-10-17 中国科学院电子学研究所 一种基于InISAR***的运动目标探测方法

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6323817B1 (en) * 2000-01-19 2001-11-27 Hughes Electronics Corporation Antenna cluster configuration for wide-angle coverage
US6424314B1 (en) * 2001-05-16 2002-07-23 Space Systems/Loral, Inc. Four axis boom for mounting reflector on satellite

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
D. M. SIMPSON: "The "Snapdragon" Family", PROCEEDINGS OF THE EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON SPACECRAFT STRUCTURES, MATERIALS AND MECHANICAL TESTING, 1 January 2001 (2001-01-01), pages 337 - 344, XP055376639 *

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CA2829633C (fr) 2021-08-24
CA2829633A1 (fr) 2014-05-08
EP2731193A1 (fr) 2014-05-14

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