EP2726274A1 - Method of manufacturing an optical element, optical element and display device - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing an optical element, optical element and display device

Info

Publication number
EP2726274A1
EP2726274A1 EP12738026.9A EP12738026A EP2726274A1 EP 2726274 A1 EP2726274 A1 EP 2726274A1 EP 12738026 A EP12738026 A EP 12738026A EP 2726274 A1 EP2726274 A1 EP 2726274A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optical element
main surface
manufacturing
forming
during
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12738026.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
André Mendiboure
Sebastien Hervy
Philippe FEDORAWIEZ.
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Johnson Controls Automotive Electronics SAS
Original Assignee
Johnson Controls Automotive Electronics SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Johnson Controls Automotive Electronics SAS filed Critical Johnson Controls Automotive Electronics SAS
Publication of EP2726274A1 publication Critical patent/EP2726274A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0149—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/14—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles in several steps
    • B29C43/146—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles in several steps for making multilayered articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0053—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor combined with a final operation, e.g. shaping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C51/266—Auxiliary operations after the thermoforming operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
    • B29D11/00865—Applying coatings; tinting; colouring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
    • B29D11/00865—Applying coatings; tinting; colouring
    • B29D11/00894—Applying coatings; tinting; colouring colouring or tinting
    • B29D11/00903—Applying coatings; tinting; colouring colouring or tinting on the surface
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0053—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor combined with a final operation, e.g. shaping
    • B29C2045/0079—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor combined with a final operation, e.g. shaping applying a coating or covering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0149—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features
    • G02B2027/0154—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features with movable elements
    • G02B2027/0156—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features with movable elements with optionally usable elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B2027/0192—Supplementary details
    • G02B2027/0194—Supplementary details with combiner of laminated type, for optical or mechanical aspects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B2027/0192—Supplementary details
    • G02B2027/0196—Supplementary details having transparent supporting structure for display mounting, e.g. to a window or a windshield
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
    • Y10T428/24521—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness with component conforming to contour of nonplanar surface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an optical element, in particular an optical element for producing a retractable blade for use in a motor vehicle.
  • the present invention also relates to an optical element, in particular an optical element for producing a retractable blade for use in a motor vehicle, and also a display device, in particular for motor vehicles.
  • Display devices designed according to the principle of head-up vision have been in common use for a few years in the field of motor vehicles.
  • the head-up display devices project information into the field of view of the space in front of the motor vehicle so that the driver of the motor vehicle can read this information without taking his eyes off the space in front of the motor vehicle. At the same time, the information can be read without modification of the accommodation of the eyes of the driver of the motor vehicle.
  • an optical element serving as a retractable blade in a display device in a motor vehicle, must have optical characteristics such that the optical element is at least partially
  • optical characteristics can be achieved by means of functional layers, in particular reflective or anti-reflective (allowing or increasing the transmission of light through the optical element).
  • An optical element according to the present invention may also be called a disk or a blade or a combiner (in English: “combine") because it superimposes (or combines) optical information of the field of view of the space in front of the motor vehicle with the information of the display device.
  • Such an optical element is normally manufactured by a three-dimensional forming process, in particular by a thermoforming process, for example by injection molding. Such methods of manufacturing a three-dimensional optical element are generally known.
  • a disadvantage of such a method is that, according to the state of the art, the manufacturing methods of the optical elements normally provide a step of milling at least one edge surface of the optical element. Such a step of modifying the surface of the optical element, in particular of the edge surface of the optical element, represents a considerable part of the manufacturing costs of the optical element.
  • the present invention is intended in particular to overcome the disadvantages of the known art, and especially those mentioned above, and also aims to provide a method of manufacturing an optical element, in particular an optical element for making a blade retractable for use in a motor vehicle, which reduces not only the manufacturing costs of the optical element, but also the time required for the manufacture of the optical element.
  • Another object of the present invention relates to an optical element, in particular an optical element for producing a retractable blade for use in a motor vehicle.
  • this object is achieved by a method of manufacturing an optical element, in particular an optical element for producing a retractable blade for use in a motor vehicle, the optical element having in its final state a three-dimensional shape. dimensions being the result of a step of forming the optical element, the optical element being provided to have an extended shape comprising:
  • the method of manufacturing the optical element comprising the following steps:
  • optical element during a first step of the method, forming the optical element to give the optical element its final three-dimensional shape with respect to the first major surface, the second major surface, and the edge surface of the optical element; optical element,
  • the third step of the method comprises deposition of the functional layer by means of a deposition process of the vacuum applied functional layer.
  • a preferred refinement of the invention lies in the fact that the forming of the optical element during the first step of the process is carried out by thermoforming.
  • the forming of the optical element during the first step of the process is carried out by injection molding.
  • a preferred refinement of the invention also resides in the fact that the forming of the optical element during the first step of the process is carried out by a stamping process and / or by an extrusion process.
  • the edge area of the optical element is no longer modified after the first step of the method.
  • the edge surface of the optical element is provided having a predetermined graining or a predetermined roughness (or having a predetermined surface grain).
  • VDMO 0.32 pm; VD1 12: 0.4 pm; VD 15: 0.56 pm; VD 18: 0.8 pm; VDI 21: 1.12 pm; VDI 22: 1.26 pm; VDI 24: 1.6 pm; VDI 27: 2.24 pm; VDI 30: 3.15 pm; VDI 33: 4.5 pm; VDI 36: 6.3 pm; VDI 39: 9 pm; VDI 42: 12.5 pm; VDI 45: 18 pm.
  • optical element is a plastic element, preferably made of
  • thermoplastic thermoplastic
  • the present invention also relates to an optical element, in particular an optical element for producing a retractable blade for use in a motor vehicle, the optical element having in final state a three-dimensional shape being the result of a forming step of the optical element, the optical element having an extended shape comprising the optical element being provided to have an extended shape comprising:
  • the optical element being obtained according to a method according to the present invention.
  • the edge surface of the optical element comprises at least one portion in convex shape, that is to say curved outwards.
  • the present invention also relates to a device for manufacturing an optical element according to the present invention, by means of which the optical element is formed in three dimensions, which is the result of a step of forming the optical element, the optical element being provided to have an extended shape comprising:
  • the device for manufacturing the optical element being provided so that, during forming of the optical element, the latter is given its final three-dimensional shape with respect to the first main surface, the second main surface, and the edge area of the optical element.
  • Such a device for manufacturing an optical element may for example be a forming tool, in particular by means of an injection molding process.
  • the present invention also relates to a display device, in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising a projection module for generating an image for projection in the normal direction of view of a user of the display device according to an optical path, the display device comprising an optical element, the optical element having an extended shape comprising:
  • the optical element having, in the final state, a three-dimensional shape being the result of a step of forming the optical element, the optical element being obtained according to a method according to the present invention.
  • the optical element is capable of being displaced between a first position of rest and a second display position, the optical element in its display position being provided in the normal direction of gaze of the user.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a device for cleaning and / or deposition of a layer on a surface of the
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of an ultrasonic device for cleaning the optical element according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of a vacuum deposition device of a layer. at least one surface of the optical element according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of three-dimensional data for performing a test of the properties of the optical element according to the present invention.
  • an optical element 1 can be manufactured simply and efficiently by a manufacturing method according to the present invention.
  • the optical element 1 is - for example - used as an optical element to make a retractable blade for use in a motor vehicle.
  • Such optical elements are particularly used in motor vehicles which have a display device comprising a projection module for generating an image for projection in the normal viewing direction of a user of the display device.
  • the optical element has an extended shape comprising:
  • the optical element 1 has a three-dimensional shape which is the result of a step of forming the optical element 1, the optical element being obtained according to a method comprising the steps following:
  • the deposition of a functional layer on at least the first main surface and / or at least the second main surface is performed during a third step of the method.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a manufacturing device 2 of an optical element 1 according to the present invention.
  • the manufacturing device 2 is, for example, provided as a device for injection molding a plastic material. Such a plastic material may preferably be thermoformed.
  • the manufacturing device 2 comprises a cylinder 2.1, a screw conveyor 2.2, a loading hopper 2.3, an injector 2.4, and a molding tool 2.5 in two parts, comprising a first part 2.5.1 and a second part 2.5.2 .
  • Granules 3 made of plastic material are supplied to the manufacturing device 2 via the hopper 2.3 and transported through the screw conveyor 2.2 in the cylinder 2.1 of the manufacturing device 2. Through the action of the screw conveyor 2.2 and also through the cylinder 2.1 which is heated, the granules 3 are also heated to form a cast of the plastic material at the tip of the screw conveyor 2.2 in the cylinder 2.1.
  • the screw conveyor 2.2 is pressurized (either mechanically or hydraulically, or by a combination of the two) so that the melting of the plastic material (this is that is to say the granules 3 in their cast form) is pushed, by the application of a comparatively high pressure and through the injector 2.4, into a cavity 2.6 between the two parts 2.5.1, 2.5.2 of the molding tool 2.5 of the manufacturing device 2.
  • the cavity 2.6 between the two parts 2.5.1, 2.5.2 of the molding tool 2.5 (in the closed state) of the manufacturing device 2 is provided so as to give the optical element 1 its final shape, in particular with edge surfaces of the optical element 1 so that they have their final shape, in particular having convex shaped edges.
  • the molding tool 2.5 (and its two parts 2.5.1, 2.5.2) is provided to define a cavity 2.6 such as to confer on the optical element 1 , resulting from the forming step, edge surfaces comprising curvatures having a radius, for example, between 1 mm and 10 mm, that is to say for example 1 mm or 2 mm or 3 mm or 4 mm or 5 mm or 6 mm or 8 mm or 10 mm.
  • the parts 2.51, 2.5.2 of the molding tool 2.5 are in particular formed such that they define the cavity 2.6 in their closed state so that the risk of smudging is reduced, for example by means of providing the shapes of the first and second parts 2.5.1, 2.5.2 of the molding tool 2.5 in a closely joined manner.
  • the edge surface of the optical element according to the present invention preferably comprises a predetermined graining or a predetermined roughness (or a predetermined surface grain).
  • a predetermined graining or a predetermined roughness or a predetermined surface grain.
  • grain on the edge surface of the optical element it is preferred to use grain on the edge surface of the optical element:
  • VDI 27 (Ra 2.24um) up to the VDI 36 standard (Ra 6.3um).
  • the step of forming the optical element 1 can also be performed by means of another forming process, in particular by a thermoforming process, by stamping and / or extrusion.
  • Figure 2 shows a second step of the manufacturing method according to the present invention.
  • the optical element 1 (leaving the manufacturing device 2) is cleaned on at least one of the surfaces of the optical element 1.
  • the second step may also comprise a deposition step (in particular by immersion in a device for 4) immersion of a functional layer.
  • the optical element 1 may also be processed, during the second manufacturing step, through another cleaning and / or deposition process.
  • FIG. 3 shows another manufacturing step of the optical element 1 which provides for a cleaning of the optical element 1 in a bath in an ultrasound device 5.
  • the ultrasonic device 5 comprises a tank 5.1 which contains, for example, water 6 which is, for example, distilled or ionized.
  • a tank 5.1 which contains, for example, water 6 which is, for example, distilled or ionized.
  • an ultrasonic generator 5.2 generates ultrasound waves by means of which the optical element 1 is cleaned.
  • FIG. 4 shows a third step of manufacturing the optical element 1 with the aid of a vacuum deposition device 7 of a functional layer on at least one surface of the optical element 1 according to the present invention.
  • the functional layers include optical layers that impart reflective or anti-reflective properties to the treated surfaces.
  • FIG. 5 shows another verification step for controlling the characteristics, in particular the quality of the three-dimensional forming of the optical element 1.
  • the optical properties of the optical element 1 are controlled using three-dimensional data.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of manufacturing an optical element (1), notably an optical element for creating a retractable sheet for use in a motor vehicle, the optical element having in the final state a three-dimensional shape that is the result of a step of forming of the optical element, the optical element being designed to have an extended shape comprising: - a first main surface, - a second main surface, and - an edge surface of the optical element, the method of manufacturing the optical element involving the following steps: - during a first step of the method, the optical element is formed to give the optical element its final three-dimensional shape in terms of the first main surface, the second main surface and the edge surface of the optical element, - during a second step of the method, at least one of the surfaces of the optical element is cleaned, - during a third step of the method, a functional coating is applied to the first main surface and/or the second main surface.

Description

PROCEDE DE FABRICATION D'UN ELEMENT OPTIQUE, ELEMENT OPTIQUE, ET  METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING OPTICAL ELEMENT, OPTICAL ELEMENT, AND
DISPOSITIF D'AFFICHAGE  DISPLAY DEVICE
La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un élément optique, notamment un élément optique pour réaliser une lame escamotable à l'usage dans un véhicule automobile. La présente invention concerne également un élément optique, notamment un élément optique pour réaliser une lame escamotable à l'usage dans un véhicule automobile, et également un dispositif d'affichage, notamment pour véhicules automobiles. The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an optical element, in particular an optical element for producing a retractable blade for use in a motor vehicle. The present invention also relates to an optical element, in particular an optical element for producing a retractable blade for use in a motor vehicle, and also a display device, in particular for motor vehicles.
Des dispositifs d'affichage conçus selon le principe de la vision à tête haute sont utilisés de manière courante depuis quelques années dans le domaine des véhicules automobiles. Display devices designed according to the principle of head-up vision have been in common use for a few years in the field of motor vehicles.
Les dispositifs d'affichage à vision tête haute permettent de projeter une information dans le champ de vision de l'espace devant le véhicule automobile afin que le conducteur du véhicule automobile puisse lire cette information sans quitter des yeux l'espace devant le véhicule automobile. En même temps, l'information peut être lue sans modification de l'accommodation des yeux du conducteur du véhicule automobile. The head-up display devices project information into the field of view of the space in front of the motor vehicle so that the driver of the motor vehicle can read this information without taking his eyes off the space in front of the motor vehicle. At the same time, the information can be read without modification of the accommodation of the eyes of the driver of the motor vehicle.
Pour obtenir la projection de l'information dans le champ de vision de l'espace devant le véhicule automobile, certains dispositifs d'affichage utilisent le pare-brise. Un tel dispositif semble à priori avantageux, notamment en ce qui concerne le nombre de composantes nécessaires. Toutefois, l'inclinaison due pare-brise ou de toute autre vitre dans un véhicule automobile répond a des critères aérodynamiques ou de stabilité/résistance mécanique du véhicule automobile et ne présente ainsi pas systématiquement un angle d'inclinaison avantageux pour le positionnement de l'affichage dans le champ de vision du conducteur du véhicule automobile. Pour cette raison, certains véhicules automobiles ont été équipés de dispositifs à vision à tête haute comportant une lame réfléchissante To obtain the projection of the information in the field of view of the space in front of the motor vehicle, certain display devices use the windshield. Such a device seems a priori advantageous, particularly with regard to the number of components required. However, the inclination of the windshield or any other window in a motor vehicle meets aerodynamic criteria or stability / mechanical strength of the motor vehicle and thus does not systematically have an advantageous angle of inclination for the positioning of the vehicle. display in the field of vision of the driver of the motor vehicle. For this reason, some motor vehicles have been equipped with high-vision vision devices including a reflective plate
indépendante. independent.
Pour être utilisé de telle manière, un élément optique, servant de lame escamotable dans un dispositif d'affichage dans un véhicule automobile, doit présenter des caractéristiques optiques telles que l'élément optique soit au moins partiellement To be used in such a way, an optical element, serving as a retractable blade in a display device in a motor vehicle, must have optical characteristics such that the optical element is at least partially
réfléchissant et/ou au moins partiellement transparent. De telles caractéristiques optiques peuvent être réalisées par l'intermédiaire de couches fonctionnelles, notamment réfléchissantes ou anti-réfléchissantes (permettant ou augmentant la transmission de la lumière à travers l'élément optique). reflective and / or at least partially transparent. Such optical characteristics can be achieved by means of functional layers, in particular reflective or anti-reflective (allowing or increasing the transmission of light through the optical element).
Un élément optique selon la présente invention peut aussi être appelé un disque ou une lame ou alors combineur (en anglais: "combiner") car il superpose (ou combine) des informations optiques du champ de vision de l'espace devant le véhicule automobile avec les informations du dispositif d'affichage. An optical element according to the present invention may also be called a disk or a blade or a combiner (in English: "combine") because it superimposes (or combines) optical information of the field of view of the space in front of the motor vehicle with the information of the display device.
Un tel élément optique est normalement fabriqué par un processus de formage à trois dimensions, notamment par un processus de thermoformage, par exemple par moulage par injection. De tels procédés de fabrication d'un élément optique en trois dimensions sont généralement connus. Such an optical element is normally manufactured by a three-dimensional forming process, in particular by a thermoforming process, for example by injection molding. Such methods of manufacturing a three-dimensional optical element are generally known.
Un inconvénient d'un tel procédé consiste dans le fait que, selon l'état de la technique, les procédés de fabrication des éléments optiques prévoient normalement une étape de fraisage au moins d'une surface de bord de l'élément optique. Une telle étape de modification de la surface de l'élément optique, notamment de la surface de bord de l'élément optique, représente une partie considérable des coûts de fabrication de l'élément optique. A disadvantage of such a method is that, according to the state of the art, the manufacturing methods of the optical elements normally provide a step of milling at least one edge surface of the optical element. Such a step of modifying the surface of the optical element, in particular of the edge surface of the optical element, represents a considerable part of the manufacturing costs of the optical element.
La présente invention a notamment pour but de pallier aux inconvénients de l'art connu, et notamment ceux cités ci-dessus, et a également pour but de proposer un procédé de fabrication d'un élément optique, notamment un élément optique pour réaliser une lame escamotable à l'usage dans un véhicule automobile, qui permet de réduire non seulement les coûts de fabrication de l'élément optique, mais aussi le temps requis pour la fabrication de l'élément optique.  The present invention is intended in particular to overcome the disadvantages of the known art, and especially those mentioned above, and also aims to provide a method of manufacturing an optical element, in particular an optical element for making a blade retractable for use in a motor vehicle, which reduces not only the manufacturing costs of the optical element, but also the time required for the manufacture of the optical element.
Un autre but de la présente invention concerne un élément optique, notamment un élément optique pour réaliser une lame escamotable à l'usage dans un véhicule automobile. Another object of the present invention relates to an optical element, in particular an optical element for producing a retractable blade for use in a motor vehicle.
Suivant l'invention, ce but est atteint par un procédé de fabrication d'un élément optique, notamment un élément optique pour réaliser une lame escamotable à l'usage dans un véhicule automobile, l'élément optique ayant en état final une forme à trois dimensions étant le résultat d'une étape de formage de l'élément optique, l'élément optique étant prévu pour avoir une forme étendue comprenant: According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method of manufacturing an optical element, in particular an optical element for producing a retractable blade for use in a motor vehicle, the optical element having in its final state a three-dimensional shape. dimensions being the result of a step of forming the optical element, the optical element being provided to have an extended shape comprising:
- une première surface principale,  a first main surface,
- une deuxième surface principale, et -- une surface de bord de l'élément optique, a second main surface, and an edge surface of the optical element,
le procédé de fabrication de l'élément optique comprenant les étapes suivantes:  the method of manufacturing the optical element comprising the following steps:
- pendant une première étape du procédé, le formage de l'élément optique pour donner à l'élément optique sa forme finale à trois dimensions en ce qui concerne la première surface principale, la deuxième surface principale, et la surface de bord de l'élément optique, during a first step of the method, forming the optical element to give the optical element its final three-dimensional shape with respect to the first major surface, the second major surface, and the edge surface of the optical element; optical element,
- pendant une deuxième étape du procédé, le nettoyage d'au moins une des surfaces de l'élément optique, during a second step of the method, the cleaning of at least one of the surfaces of the optical element,
- pendant une troisième étape du procédé, la déposition d'une couche fonctionnelle sur la première surface principale et/ou la deuxième surface principale.  during a third step of the method, the deposition of a functional layer on the first main surface and / or the second main surface.
Avec un tel procédé de fabrication, il est avantageusement possible de réaliser la fabrication de l'élément optique de manière plus simple et moins coûteuse, notamment en évitant une étape de fraisage de la région de bord de l'élément optique (ou de la surface de bord de l'élément optique). With such a manufacturing method, it is advantageously possible to manufacture the optical element in a simpler and less expensive manner, in particular by avoiding a step of milling the edge region of the optical element (or surface edge of the optical element).
Par ailleurs, il est avantageusement possible selon la présente invention de réaliser la fabrication de l'élément optique avec moins de coûts d'investissement car au moins une étape de la fabrication peut être évitée. Furthermore, it is advantageously possible according to the present invention to manufacture the optical element with less investment costs because at least one manufacturing step can be avoided.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de la présente invention, il est prévu que la troisième étape du procédé comprend la déposition de la couche fonctionnelle à l'aide d'un processus de déposition de la couche fonctionnelle appliqué sous vide. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the third step of the method comprises deposition of the functional layer by means of a deposition process of the vacuum applied functional layer.
Un perfectionnement préféré de l'invention réside encore dans le fait que le formage de l'élément optique pendant la première étape du procédé est effectuée par thermoformage. A preferred refinement of the invention lies in the fact that the forming of the optical element during the first step of the process is carried out by thermoforming.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation préféré de la présente invention, il est prévu que le formage de l'élément optique pendant la première étape du procédé est effectuée par moulage par injection. According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the forming of the optical element during the first step of the process is carried out by injection molding.
Un perfectionnement préféré de l'invention réside également dans le fait que le formage de l'élément optique pendant la première étape du procédé est effectuée par un processus d'emboutissage et/ou par un processus d'extrusion. A preferred refinement of the invention also resides in the fact that the forming of the optical element during the first step of the process is carried out by a stamping process and / or by an extrusion process.
Par de telles réalisations du procédé de fabrication, il est avantageusement possible selon la présente invention de définir la forme tridimensionnelle de l'élément optique de manière la plus libre et la plus adaptée aux besoins fonctionnels de l'application de l'élément optique, notamment dans un véhicule automobile. By such embodiments of the manufacturing method, it is advantageously possible according to the present invention to define the three-dimensional shape of the optical element. in the most free manner and the most adapted to the functional needs of the application of the optical element, especially in a motor vehicle.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation préféré de la présente invention, il est prévu que la surface de bord de l'élément optique n'est plus modifié après la première étape du procédé.  According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the edge area of the optical element is no longer modified after the first step of the method.
Par ailleurs, il est préféré selon la présente invention que la surface de bord de l'élément optique est prévue ayant un grainage prédéterminé ou une rugosité prédéterminée (ou ayant un grain de surface prédéterminé). Le grainage ou la rugosité peut être exprimé à travers des valeurs VDI, ce qui correspond à une échelle de le rugosité VDI (VDI = Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, en français: Association allemande des ingénieurs), qui correspond à des valeurs de rugosité mesurée en micromètres pour différentes classes de surfaces : on parle de "Rugosité moyenne arithmétique" ou valeur "Ra". La correspondance étant donnée comme suit: VDMO : 0.32 pm; VD1 12 : 0.4 pm; VD1 15 : 0.56 pm; VD1 18 : 0.8 pm; VDI 21 : 1.12 pm; VDI 22 : 1.26 pm; VDI 24 : 1.6 pm; VDI 27 : 2.24 pm; VDI 30 : 3.15 pm; VDI 33 : 4.5 pm; VDI 36 : 6.3 pm; VDI 39 : 9 pm; VDI 42 : 12.5 pm; VDI 45 : 18 pm. Selon la présente invention, il est préféré d'utiliser des grainages (ou des rugosités) de la surface de bord selon la classe (ou norme) VDI 27 (Ra 2.24um) jusqu'à la norme VDI 36 (Ra 6.3um). Furthermore, it is preferred according to the present invention that the edge surface of the optical element is provided having a predetermined graining or a predetermined roughness (or having a predetermined surface grain). The graining or roughness can be expressed through VDI values, which corresponds to a scale of the VDI roughness (VDI = Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, in French: Association of German Engineers), which corresponds to roughness values measured in micrometers. for different classes of surfaces: we speak of "Average arithmetic roughness" or "Ra" value. The correspondence being given as follows: VDMO: 0.32 pm; VD1 12: 0.4 pm; VD 15: 0.56 pm; VD 18: 0.8 pm; VDI 21: 1.12 pm; VDI 22: 1.26 pm; VDI 24: 1.6 pm; VDI 27: 2.24 pm; VDI 30: 3.15 pm; VDI 33: 4.5 pm; VDI 36: 6.3 pm; VDI 39: 9 pm; VDI 42: 12.5 pm; VDI 45: 18 pm. According to the present invention, it is preferred to use grainings (or roughnesses) of the edge surface according to the class (or standard) VDI 27 (Ra 2.24um) up to VDI 36 (Ra 6.3um).
Un perfectionnement préféré de l'invention réside également dans le fait que l'élément optique est un élément en matière plastique, de préférence en matière A preferred refinement of the invention also lies in the fact that the optical element is a plastic element, preferably made of
thermoplastique. thermoplastic.
La présente invention concerne également un élément optique, notamment un élément optique pour réaliser une lame escamotable à l'usage dans un véhicule automobile, l'élément optique ayant en état final une forme à trois dimensions étant le résultat d'une étape de formage de l'élément optique, l'élément optique ayant une forme étendue comprenant l'élément optique étant prévu pour avoir une forme étendue comprenant: The present invention also relates to an optical element, in particular an optical element for producing a retractable blade for use in a motor vehicle, the optical element having in final state a three-dimensional shape being the result of a forming step of the optical element, the optical element having an extended shape comprising the optical element being provided to have an extended shape comprising:
- une première surface principale,  a first main surface,
- une deuxième surface principale, et  a second main surface, and
- une surface de bord de l'élément optique,  an edge surface of the optical element,
l'élément optique étant obtenu selon un procédé selon la présente invention. the optical element being obtained according to a method according to the present invention.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation préféré de la présente invention, il est prévu que la surface de bord de l'élément optique comprend au moins une partie en forme convexe, c'est à dire courbée vers l'extérieur. Ainsi, il est avantageusement possible, selon la présente invention, que les surfaces de bord (c'est à dire les surfaces qui ne sont pas les surfaces principales de l'élément optique qui est généralement étendu le long d'un plan d'extension principale) ne provoquent pas de perturbation du comportement optique de l'élément optique dans son utilisation pratique. According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the edge surface of the optical element comprises at least one portion in convex shape, that is to say curved outwards. Thus, it is advantageously possible, according to the present invention, for the edge surfaces (ie the surfaces which are not the main surfaces of the optical element which is generally extended along an extension plane main) do not disturb the optical behavior of the optical element in its practical use.
La présente invention concerne également un dispositif de fabrication d'un élément optique selon la présente invention, à l'aide duquel l'élément optique est formé à trois dimensions ce qui est le résultat d'une étape de formage de l'élément optique, l'élément optique étant prévu pour avoir une forme étendue comprenant: The present invention also relates to a device for manufacturing an optical element according to the present invention, by means of which the optical element is formed in three dimensions, which is the result of a step of forming the optical element, the optical element being provided to have an extended shape comprising:
— une première surface principale,  A first main surface,
— une deuxième surface principale, et  A second main surface, and
— une surface de bord de l'élément optique,  An edge surface of the optical element,
le dispositif de fabrication de l'élément optique étant prévu en sorte que lors du formage de l'élément optique, à celui-ci est conféré sa forme finale à trois dimensions en ce qui concerne la première surface principale, la deuxième surface principale, et la surface de bord de l'élément optique.  the device for manufacturing the optical element being provided so that, during forming of the optical element, the latter is given its final three-dimensional shape with respect to the first main surface, the second main surface, and the edge area of the optical element.
Un tel dispositif de fabrication d'un élément optique peut - par exemple - être un outil de formage, notamment à l'aide d'un processus de moulage par injection. Such a device for manufacturing an optical element may for example be a forming tool, in particular by means of an injection molding process.
Par ailleurs, la présente invention concerne également un dispositif d'affichage, notamment pour véhicule automobile, comprenant un module de projection pour générer une image en vue d'une projection dans la direction normale de regard d'un utilisateur du dispositif d'affichage selon un chemin optique, le dispositif d'affichage comprenant un élément optique, l'élément optique ayant une forme étendue comprenant: Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a display device, in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising a projection module for generating an image for projection in the normal direction of view of a user of the display device according to an optical path, the display device comprising an optical element, the optical element having an extended shape comprising:
— une première surface principale,  A first main surface,
— une deuxième surface principale, et  A second main surface, and
— une surface de bord de l'élément optique,  An edge surface of the optical element,
l'élément optique ayant, en état final, une forme à trois dimensions étant le résultat d'une étape de formage de l'élément optique, l'élément optique étant obtenu selon un procédé selon la présente invention. the optical element having, in the final state, a three-dimensional shape being the result of a step of forming the optical element, the optical element being obtained according to a method according to the present invention.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation préféré selon la présente invention, il est prévu que l'élément optique est susceptible d'être déplacé entre une première position de repos et une deuxième position d'affichage, l'élément optique dans sa position d'affichage étant prévu dans la direction normale de regard de l'utilisateur. According to another preferred embodiment according to the present invention, it is provided that the optical element is capable of being displaced between a first position of rest and a second display position, the optical element in its display position being provided in the normal direction of gaze of the user.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description qui suit d'un mode de réalisation particulier non limitatif de l'invention. Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the following description of a particular non-limiting embodiment of the invention.
BREVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
L'invention sera mieux comprise grâce à la description ci-après, qui se rapporte à des modes de réalisation préférés, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, et expliqués avec référence aux dessins schématiques annexés, dans lesquels : la figure 1 est une vue schématique de coupe d'un dispositif de fabrication d'un élément optique selon la présente invention, la figure 2 est une vue schématique de coupe d'un dispositif de nettoyage et/ou de déposition d'une couche sur une surface de l'élément optique, la figure 3 est une vue schématique de coupe d'un dispositif à ultrasons pour nettoyer l'élément optique selon la présente invention, la figure 4 est une vue schématique de coupe d'un dispositif de déposition sous vide d'une couche fonctionnelle sur au moins une surface de l'élément optique selon la présente invention, et la figure 5 est une vue schématique de perspective de données trois- dimensionnelles pour effectuer un test des propriétés de l'élément optique selon la présente invention. The invention will be better understood thanks to the following description, which refers to preferred embodiments, given by way of non-limiting examples, and explained with reference to the appended diagrammatic drawings, in which: FIG. schematic sectional view of a device for manufacturing an optical element according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a device for cleaning and / or deposition of a layer on a surface of the FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of an ultrasonic device for cleaning the optical element according to the present invention, FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of a vacuum deposition device of a layer. at least one surface of the optical element according to the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of three-dimensional data for performing a test of the properties of the optical element according to the present invention.
DESCRIPTION DES DESSINS Comme le montrent les figures 1 à 5 des dessins annexés, un élément optique 1 est susceptible d'être fabriqué de manière simple et efficace grâce à un procédé de fabrication selon la présente invention. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 of the accompanying drawings, an optical element 1 can be manufactured simply and efficiently by a manufacturing method according to the present invention.
L'élément optique 1 est - par exemple - utilisé en tant qu'élément optique pour réaliser une lame escamotable à l'usage dans un véhicule automobile. De tels éléments optiques sont notamment utilisés dans les véhicules automobiles qui ont un dispositif d'affichage comprenant un module de projection pour générer une image en vue d'une projection dans la direction normale de regard d'un utilisateur du dispositif d'affichage. The optical element 1 is - for example - used as an optical element to make a retractable blade for use in a motor vehicle. Such optical elements are particularly used in motor vehicles which have a display device comprising a projection module for generating an image for projection in the normal viewing direction of a user of the display device.
De manière générale, l'élément optique a une forme étendue comprenant: In general, the optical element has an extended shape comprising:
-- une première surface principale,  a first main surface,
— une deuxième surface principale, et  A second main surface, and
— une surface de bord de l'élément optique.  An edge surface of the optical element.
Selon le procédé de fabrication selon la présente invention, l'élément optique 1 a une forme à trois dimensions qui est le résultat d'une étape de formage de l'élément optique 1 , l'élément optique étant obtenu selon un procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes: According to the manufacturing method according to the present invention, the optical element 1 has a three-dimensional shape which is the result of a step of forming the optical element 1, the optical element being obtained according to a method comprising the steps following:
— pendant une première étape du procédé, le formage de l'élément optique 1 pour donner à l'élément optique 1 sa forme finale à trois dimensions en ce qui concerne la première surface principale, la deuxième surface principale, et la surface de bord de l'élément optique 1.  During a first step of the process, the forming of the optical element 1 to give the optical element 1 its final three-dimensional shape with respect to the first main surface, the second main surface, and the edge surface of the optical element 1.
— pendant une deuxième étape du procédé, le nettoyage d'au moins une des surfaces de l'élément optique 1,  During a second step of the method, the cleaning of at least one of the surfaces of the optical element 1,
~ pendant une troisième étape du procédé, la déposition d'une couche fonctionnelle sur au moins la première surface principale et/ou au moins la deuxième surface principale.  during a third step of the method, the deposition of a functional layer on at least the first main surface and / or at least the second main surface.
La première étape du procédé selon la présente invention est représentée dans la figure 1 qui montre une vue schématique de coupe d'un dispositif de fabrication 2 d'un élément optique 1 selon la présente invention. Le dispositif de fabrication 2 est, par exemple, prévu en tant que dispositif de moulage par injection d'un matériau plastique. Un tel matériau plastique peut être, de préférence, thermoformé. The first step of the method according to the present invention is shown in Figure 1 which shows a schematic sectional view of a manufacturing device 2 of an optical element 1 according to the present invention. The manufacturing device 2 is, for example, provided as a device for injection molding a plastic material. Such a plastic material may preferably be thermoformed.
Le dispositif de fabrication 2 comprend un cylindre 2.1 , un convoyer à vis 2.2, une trémie de chargement 2.3, un injecteur 2.4, et un outil de moulage 2.5 en deux parties, comprenant une première partie 2.5.1 et une deuxième partie 2.5.2. Des granulés 3 en matière plastique sont fournies au dispositif de fabrication 2 par l'intermédiaire de la trémie de chargement 2.3 et transportés par l'intermédiaire du convoyer à vis 2.2 dans le cylindre 2.1 du dispositif de fabrication 2. À travers l'action du convoyer à vis 2.2 et également par l'intermédiaire du cylindre 2.1 qui est chauffé, les granulés 3 sont chauffés également pour constituer une fonte du matériau plastique à la pointe du convoyer à vis 2.2 dans le cylindre 2.1. The manufacturing device 2 comprises a cylinder 2.1, a screw conveyor 2.2, a loading hopper 2.3, an injector 2.4, and a molding tool 2.5 in two parts, comprising a first part 2.5.1 and a second part 2.5.2 . Granules 3 made of plastic material are supplied to the manufacturing device 2 via the hopper 2.3 and transported through the screw conveyor 2.2 in the cylinder 2.1 of the manufacturing device 2. Through the action of the screw conveyor 2.2 and also through the cylinder 2.1 which is heated, the granules 3 are also heated to form a cast of the plastic material at the tip of the screw conveyor 2.2 in the cylinder 2.1.
Dans une phase d'injection, le convoyer à vis 2.2 est mis sous pression (soit de manière mécanique, soit de manière hydraulique, soit par une combinaison des deux) de telle sorte à ce que la fonte de la matière plastique (c'est à dire les granulés 3 sous leur forme de fonte) soit poussée, par l'application d'une pression comparativement haute et à travers de l'injecteur 2.4, dans une cavité 2.6 entre les deux parties 2.5.1 , 2.5.2 de l'outil de moulage 2.5 du dispositif de fabrication 2. In an injection phase, the screw conveyor 2.2 is pressurized (either mechanically or hydraulically, or by a combination of the two) so that the melting of the plastic material (this is that is to say the granules 3 in their cast form) is pushed, by the application of a comparatively high pressure and through the injector 2.4, into a cavity 2.6 between the two parts 2.5.1, 2.5.2 of the molding tool 2.5 of the manufacturing device 2.
La cavité 2.6 entre les deux parties 2.5.1, 2.5.2 de l'outil de moulage 2.5 (dans sont état fermé) du dispositif de fabrication 2 est prévu de manière à conférer à l'élément optique 1 sa forme finale avec notamment des surfaces de bord de l'élément optique 1 de telle manière que celles-ci ont leur forme finale, notamment ayant des bords en forme convexe. De par une telle étape de formage de l'élément optique 1 , il est possible d'éviter l'étape de fraisage des bords de l'élément optique 1. The cavity 2.6 between the two parts 2.5.1, 2.5.2 of the molding tool 2.5 (in the closed state) of the manufacturing device 2 is provided so as to give the optical element 1 its final shape, in particular with edge surfaces of the optical element 1 so that they have their final shape, in particular having convex shaped edges. By such a step of forming the optical element 1, it is possible to avoid the step of milling the edges of the optical element 1.
En dépendance de la forme souhaitée de l'élément optique 1 , l'outil de moulage 2.5 (et ses deux parties 2.5.1 , 2.5.2) est prévu pour définir une cavité 2.6 telle qu'à conférer à l'élément optique 1 , issue de l'étape de formage, des surfaces de bord comprenant des courbures ayant un radius, par exemple, entre 1 mm et 10 mm, c'est à dire par exemple de 1 mm ou de 2 mm ou de 3 mm ou de 4 mm ou de 5 mm ou de 6 mm ou de 8 mm ou de 10 mm. In dependence on the desired shape of the optical element 1, the molding tool 2.5 (and its two parts 2.5.1, 2.5.2) is provided to define a cavity 2.6 such as to confer on the optical element 1 , resulting from the forming step, edge surfaces comprising curvatures having a radius, for example, between 1 mm and 10 mm, that is to say for example 1 mm or 2 mm or 3 mm or 4 mm or 5 mm or 6 mm or 8 mm or 10 mm.
Les parties 2.51 , 2.5.2 de l'outil de moulage 2.5 sont notamment formées telles qu'elle définissent la cavité 2.6 dans leur état fermé de telle manière que le risque de formation de bavures soit réduit, par exemple par l'intermédiaire de prévoir les formes des première et deuxième partie 2.5.1, 2.5.2 de l'outil de moulage 2.5 de manière étroitement jointive. The parts 2.51, 2.5.2 of the molding tool 2.5 are in particular formed such that they define the cavity 2.6 in their closed state so that the risk of smudging is reduced, for example by means of providing the shapes of the first and second parts 2.5.1, 2.5.2 of the molding tool 2.5 in a closely joined manner.
La surface de bord de l'élément optique selon la présente invention comporte de préférence un grainage prédéterminé ou une rugosité prédéterminée (ou un grain de surface prédéterminé). Par exemple, il est préféré d'utiliser des grainages sur la surface de bord de l'élément optique: The edge surface of the optical element according to the present invention preferably comprises a predetermined graining or a predetermined roughness (or a predetermined surface grain). For example, it is preferred to use grain on the edge surface of the optical element:
- selon la classe (ou norme) VDI 27 (Ra 2.24um) jusqu'à la norme VDI 36 (Ra 6.3um).  - according to the class (or standard) VDI 27 (Ra 2.24um) up to the VDI 36 standard (Ra 6.3um).
Par ailleurs, l'étape de formage de l'élément optique 1 peut aussi être réalisée par l'intermédiaire d'un autre processus de formage, notamment par un processus de thermoformage, par emboutissage et/ou par extrusion. Moreover, the step of forming the optical element 1 can also be performed by means of another forming process, in particular by a thermoforming process, by stamping and / or extrusion.
La figure 2 montre une deuxième étape du procédé de fabrication selon la présente invention. Dans cette étape, l'élément optique 1 (sortant du dispositif de fabrication 2) est nettoyé sur au moins une des surfaces de l'élément optique 1. La deuxième étape peut également comprendre une étape de déposition (notamment par immersion dans un dispositif d'immersion 4) d'une couche fonctionnelle. Figure 2 shows a second step of the manufacturing method according to the present invention. In this step, the optical element 1 (leaving the manufacturing device 2) is cleaned on at least one of the surfaces of the optical element 1. The second step may also comprise a deposition step (in particular by immersion in a device for 4) immersion of a functional layer.
Dans un autre mode de réalisation de la présente invention, l'élément optique 1 peut également être traité, pendant la deuxième étape de fabrication, par l'intermédiaire d'un autre processus de nettoyage et/ou de déposition. In another embodiment of the present invention, the optical element 1 may also be processed, during the second manufacturing step, through another cleaning and / or deposition process.
La figure 3 montre une autre étape de fabrication de l'élément optique 1 qui prévoit un nettoyage de l'élément optique 1 dans un bain dans un dispositif à ultrasons 5. FIG. 3 shows another manufacturing step of the optical element 1 which provides for a cleaning of the optical element 1 in a bath in an ultrasound device 5.
Le dispositif à ultrasons 5 comprend un réservoir 5.1 qui contient, par exemple, de l'eau 6 qui est, par exemple, distillée ou ionisée. Dans le réservoir 5.1 , un générateur à ultrasons 5.2 génère des ondes ultrason à l'aide desquelles, l'élément optique 1 est nettoyé. The ultrasonic device 5 comprises a tank 5.1 which contains, for example, water 6 which is, for example, distilled or ionized. In the tank 5.1, an ultrasonic generator 5.2 generates ultrasound waves by means of which the optical element 1 is cleaned.
La figure 4 montre une troisième étape de fabrication de l'élément optique 1 à l'aide d'un dispositif de déposition 7 sous vide d'une couche fonctionnelle sur au moins une surface de l'élément optique 1 selon la présente invention. Les couches fonctionnelles sont notamment des couches optiques qui confèrent des propriétés réfléchissantes ou anti- réfléchissantes aux surfaces traitées. FIG. 4 shows a third step of manufacturing the optical element 1 with the aid of a vacuum deposition device 7 of a functional layer on at least one surface of the optical element 1 according to the present invention. The functional layers include optical layers that impart reflective or anti-reflective properties to the treated surfaces.
La figure 5 montre une autre étape de vérification pour contrôler les caractéristiques notamment la qualité du formage trois-dimensionnel de l'élément optique 1. Des propriétés optiques de l'élément optique 1 sont contrôlées à l'aide de données trois- dimensionnelles. FIG. 5 shows another verification step for controlling the characteristics, in particular the quality of the three-dimensional forming of the optical element 1. The optical properties of the optical element 1 are controlled using three-dimensional data.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
Procédé de fabrication d'un élément optique (1), notamment un élément optique pour réaliser une lame escamotable à l'usage dans un véhicule automobile, l'élément optique (1 ) ayant en état final une forme à trois dimensions étant le résultat d'une étape de formage de l'élément optique (1), l'élément optique (1) étant prévu pour avoir une forme étendue comprenant: A method of manufacturing an optical element (1), in particular an optical element for producing a retractable blade for use in a motor vehicle, the optical element (1) having in its final state a three-dimensional shape being the result of a step of forming the optical element (1), the optical element (1) being provided to have an extended shape comprising:
- une première surface principale,  a first main surface,
- une deuxième surface principale, et  a second main surface, and
- une surface de bord de l'élément optique (1),  an edge surface of the optical element (1),
le procédé de fabrication de l'élément optique (1) comprenant les étapes suivantes:  the method of manufacturing the optical element (1) comprising the following steps:
- pendant une première étape du procédé, le formage de l'élément optique (1) pour donner à l'élément optique (1) sa forme finale à trois dimensions en ce qui concerne la première surface principale, la deuxième surface principale, et la surface de bord de l'élément optique (1),  during a first step of the method, forming the optical element (1) to give the optical element (1) its final three-dimensional shape with respect to the first main surface, the second main surface, and the edge area of the optical element (1),
- pendant une deuxième étape du procédé, le nettoyage d'au moins une des surfaces de l'élément optique (1 ),  during a second step of the method, cleaning at least one of the surfaces of the optical element (1),
- pendant une troisième étape du procédé, la déposition d'une couche fonctionnelle sur la première surface principale et/ou la deuxième surface principale.  during a third step of the method, the deposition of a functional layer on the first main surface and / or the second main surface.
Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que la troisième étape du procédé comprend la déposition de la couche fonctionnelle à l'aide d'un processus de déposition de la couche fonctionnelle appliqué sous vide. Manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the third step of the method comprises the deposition of the functional layer by means of a deposition process of the functional layer applied under vacuum.
Procédé de fabrication selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le formage de l'élément optique (1 ) pendant la première étape du procédé est effectuée par thermoformage. Manufacturing method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the forming of the optical element (1) during the first step of the process is carried out by thermoforming.
4. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le formage de l'élément optique (1) pendant la première étape du procédé est effectuée par moulage par injection. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le formage de l'élément optique (1 ) pendant la première étape du procédé est effectuée par un processus d'emboutissage. 4. Manufacturing process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the forming of the optical element (1) during the first step of the process is carried out by injection molding. Manufacturing method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the forming of the optical element (1) during the first step of the process is carried out by a stamping process.
Procédé de fabrication selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la surface de bord de l'élément optique (1 ) n'est plus modifié après la première étape du procédé. Manufacturing method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the edge surface of the optical element (1) is no longer modified after the first step of the method.
Procédé de fabrication selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément optique (1 ) est un élément en matière plastique, de préférence en matière thermoplastique. Manufacturing method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the optical element (1) is a plastic element, preferably a thermoplastic material.
Élément optique (1), notamment un élément optique pour réaliser une lame escamotable à l'usage dans un véhicule automobile, l'élément optique (1) ayant en état final une forme à trois dimensions étant le résultat d'une étape de formage de l'élément optique (1 ), l'élément optique (1) ayant une forme étendue comprenant l'élément optique (1 ) étant prévu pour avoir une forme étendue comprenant: An optical element (1), in particular an optical element for producing a retractable blade for use in a motor vehicle, the optical element (1) having a final three-dimensional shape being the result of a forming step of the optical element (1), the optical element (1) having an extended shape comprising the optical element (1) being provided to have an extended shape comprising:
- une première surface principale,  a first main surface,
- une deuxième surface principale, et  a second main surface, and
- une surface de bord de l'élément optique (1 ),  an edge surface of the optical element (1),
l'élément optique (1 ) étant obtenu selon un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.  the optical element (1) being obtained according to a method according to any one of the preceding claims.
Élément optique (1) selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la surface de bord de l'élément optique (1 ) comprend au moins une partie en forme convexe. Optical element (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the edge surface of the optical element (1) comprises at least one convex shaped part.
Dispositif de fabrication (2) d'un élément optique (1 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce qu'à l'aide du dispositif de fabrication, l'élément optique (1 ) est formé à trois dimensions ce qui est le résultat d'une étape de formage de l'élément optique (1), l'élément optique (1 ) étant prévu pour avoir une forme étendue comprenant: Device (2) for manufacturing an optical element (1) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, by means of the manufacturing device, the optical element (1) is formed at three dimensions which is the result of a step of forming the optical element (1), the optical element (1) being provided to have an extended shape comprising:
- une première surface principale,  a first main surface,
- une deuxième surface principale, et  a second main surface, and
- une surface de bord de l'élément optique (1 ),  an edge surface of the optical element (1),
le dispositif de fabrication de l'élément optique (1) étant prévu en sorte que lors du formage de l'élément optique (1 ), à celui-ci est conféré sa forme finale à trois dimensions en ce qui concerne la première surface principale, la deuxième surface principale, et la surface de bord de l'élément optique (1 ). the device for manufacturing the optical element (1) being provided so that of forming the optical element (1), the latter is given its final three-dimensional shape with regard to the first main surface, the second main surface, and the edge surface of the optical element (1) .
11. Dispositif d'affichage, notamment pour véhicule automobile, comprenant un module de projection pour générer une image en vue d'une projection dans la direction normale de regard d'un utilisateur du dispositif d'affichage selon un chemin optique, le dispositif d'affichage comprenant un élément optique (1 ), l'élément optique (1 ) ayant une forme étendue comprenant: 11. A display device, particularly for a motor vehicle, comprising a projection module for generating an image for projection in the normal direction of view of a user of the display device according to an optical path, the device for display comprising an optical element (1), the optical element (1) having an extended form comprising:
- une première surface principale,  a first main surface,
- une deuxième surface principale, et  a second main surface, and
- une surface de bord de l'élément optique (1 ),  an edge surface of the optical element (1),
caractérisé en ce que l'élément optique (1 ) a, en état final, une forme à trois dimensions étant le résultat d'une étape de formage de l'élément optique (1 ), l'élément optique (1 ) étant obtenu selon un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7.  characterized in that the optical element (1) has, in the final state, a three-dimensional shape being the result of a step of forming the optical element (1), the optical element (1) being obtained according to a process according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
12. Dispositif d'affichage selon la revendication 11 , caractérisé en ce que l'élément optique (1) est susceptible d'être déplacé entre une première position de repos et une deuxième position d'affichage, l'élément optique (1 ) dans sa position d'affichage étant prévu dans la direction normale de regard de l'utilisateur. 12. Display device according to claim 11, characterized in that the optical element (1) can be moved between a first rest position and a second display position, the optical element (1) in its display position being provided in the normal viewing direction of the user.
EP12738026.9A 2011-07-01 2012-06-29 Method of manufacturing an optical element, optical element and display device Withdrawn EP2726274A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE102011106329 2011-07-01
FR1102972A FR2977330B1 (en) 2011-07-01 2011-09-30 METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING OPTICAL ELEMENT, OPTICAL ELEMENT, AND DISPLAY DEVICE
PCT/EP2012/002748 WO2013004363A1 (en) 2011-07-01 2012-06-29 Method of manufacturing an optical element, optical element and display device

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FR2977330B1 (en) 2018-02-02
JP6063932B2 (en) 2017-01-18
CN103781620A (en) 2014-05-07
US9494795B2 (en) 2016-11-15
JP2014531606A (en) 2014-11-27
FR2977330A1 (en) 2013-01-04
US20140268357A1 (en) 2014-09-18
WO2013004363A1 (en) 2013-01-10

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