EP2718649A1 - Method and speed dryer for drying solid bulk materials with gas in a fluidized bed - Google Patents
Method and speed dryer for drying solid bulk materials with gas in a fluidized bedInfo
- Publication number
- EP2718649A1 EP2718649A1 EP12740453.1A EP12740453A EP2718649A1 EP 2718649 A1 EP2718649 A1 EP 2718649A1 EP 12740453 A EP12740453 A EP 12740453A EP 2718649 A1 EP2718649 A1 EP 2718649A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- dryer
- fluidized bed
- solid
- walls
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
- F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
- F26B3/08—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
- F26B3/092—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed agitating the fluidised bed, e.g. by vibrating or pulsating
- F26B3/0923—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed agitating the fluidised bed, e.g. by vibrating or pulsating by mechanical means, e.g. vibrated plate, stirrer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
- F26B17/24—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by shooting or throwing the materials, e.g. after which the materials are subject to impact
Definitions
- the present invention refers to a method for drying of solid bulk materials with gas in a fluidized bed and a speed dryer, which carries into effect the method, that can be applied in the construction area, in the chemical industry, in the metallurgy, in the mining industry, in the coal output area, in the food-processing industry and in other industries, where solid bulk materials such as sand, limestone, coals, ores, fertilizers etc. are required to dry.
- the purpose of the shaft is to support the passage of the dry solid material in the two-phase fluidized bed from the entrance to the exit of the dryer with constant slow rotation, thus supporting further the destruction of the large bubbles in the fluidized bed and limiting the bonding of the material on the walls surrounding the fluidized bed.
- gas-solid bulk substance when it is in regime of fluidized bed, that should be considered in the drying process. Above all, it is implemented in a certain range of the gas velocity - from the boiling point of the solid layer to the point of their haunting movement. If the gas velocity is higher than the haunting point, the system goes into pneumatic transportation, if below the boiling point - the system goes to a regime with a thick layer of solid bulk material.
- the disadvantage of using the supporting grid is that it is characterized with high hydraulic resistance, which leads to a general increase in the hydraulic resistance realized in the fluidized bed.
- the latter is due to the transformation of part of the kinetic energy of the gas phase in energy of the fluidized bed, which leads to energy losses and generation of hydraulic resistance of the supporting grid, representing the majority of the total hydraulic resistance ot the fluidized bed as a whole.
- dryers used in practice are those working in the so-called "vortex mode", in which heat-mass exchange surfaces are created as in the fluidized bed, but can not achieve the same degree of strong turbulent motion of the gas in the gas boundary layer.
- Vortex dryer is a model of the German company HAZEMAG (V. Duda, Tzement, Moscow, Stroyizdat, 1981 , p.1 13-1 15), in which an external energy is imported for propulsion (dispersion) of the solid bulk material.
- the drying agent are flue gases, but can be also used other gaseous drying agents.
- Vortex dryer is made of an iron body with rectangular cross section, fitted on top with a rounded lid, and on the bottom are two trough-shaped grooves where are mounted shafts with their blades, ending with hammer-shaped bumps. The body is divided by vertical walls into several parts - working sections, the bulkheads start from the lid and finish just above the space ot the shafts.
- Problem of the present invention is to create a method and device for drying of damp bulk solid materials with hot dry gas through which to overcome both the deterioration in efficiency of the drying in the vortex dryer as a result of inadequate turbulent motion of the gas in the gas boundary layer in the workspace, and also the high hydraulic resistance of the fluidized bed, conditioned by the supporting grid, that is necessary for establishing and maintaining of the fluidized bed.
- the problem of the invention is solved by a method for drying of solid bulk materials with hot dry gas, in which the interaction between the gas and solid bulk material proceeds in hydrodynamic regime of fluidized bed, with the introduction of external energy needed for the generation of the fluidized bed.
- a method for drying of solid bulk materials with hot dry gas in which the interaction between the gas and solid bulk material proceeds in hydrodynamic regime of fluidized bed, with the introduction of external energy needed for the generation of the fluidized bed.
- To reduce the hydraulic resistance in the gaseous phase instead of supporting grid a system with shafts with attached to them blades is used, and the blades finish with tips, thus to submit additional, kinetic energy for achieving a circulation of solids in the fluidized bed. In doing so, are created and implemented fluidized layers with straight and with opposite direction of movement of the phase flows of gas and solid bulk substance.
- a speedy dryer which includes: a body consisting of two walls, sloping in different directions toward the perpendicular to the horizontal plane, still connected at the bottom, with a rectangular box, opened from the bottom, and forming the upper part of the shaft space; vertical metal walls forming volumetric workspaces and a separation space inside the case of the dryer; an upper lid of the shell; a cover of the inlet side of the dryer section with a channel tor the supply of damp solid bulk material, with channel for hot gas submission, a side cover of the output section of the dryer with a channel for the exhaust gas; a bottom of the body, with two shafts in it with blades and outlet for dried solid material and supporting structure of the dryer.
- Figure 4 Longitudinal section of the dryer in reference to the movement of the phase flows from input to exit;
- the hot gaseous phase and the solid bulk material are supplied in straight direction flow, and as depending on the type of the dried material, the velocity of the supplied in the dryer hot gas is above the point of the haunting movement of the average diameter of the particles, the temperature varies from 100 C to 800 C, and the throwing out of the solid particles of dried material in the volumetnc working spaces is carried out by a shaft system, at sharts rotation velocity from 150 to 780 revolutions per minute.
- fluidized beds On their way of motion of the gas and the solid bulk material from dryer's input to dryer's exit, three successive, sustainable and effective in reference to the heat-mass transfer process, fluidized beds are carried out.
- the gas moves in the same direction with the ejected from the shaft blades solid particles, while in the second fluidized bed the direction of the gas motion is opposite to the direction of movement of the solid particles.
- the method of drying is realized by a speed dryer, which consists of four rigidly connected structural parts - inlet section, body (working section), exit section and supporting section.
- the supply with damp bulk material at the entry section takes place in a rectangular channel 1.
- the larger wall of the channel 1 is oriented perpendicularly to the main direction of gas and solids motion from input to exit of the dryer.
- the hot dry gas enters the inlet section through a rectangular channel 2, which is open to the dryer body and inclined at an angle of 60° to 70° to the horizontal plane.
- Side cover 3 of the inlet section connects the afore-mentioned structures and pressurizes the dryer from the supplied flows, as its connection with the corps is stationary, in particular - flange.
- the body provides the speed dryer with basic workspaces for conducting the heat-mass transfer process in drying of damp solid bulk material with hot dry gas in the mode of fluidized beds by using external energy for their (the fluidized beds) generation and support.
- the body is sealed on top with rounded top cover 4.
- the two opposite walls 5 of the body are inclined to the horizontal plane at an angle of 60° to 85°, so that the distance between them in the upper body is larger than at the bottom, where the walls 5 are rigidly connected in particular with weld to an opened with its fundamentals ectangular box 6, which forms the upper shaft area.
- At the bottom of the body 7 (Fig. 2) there are two trough-shaped grooves with shafts 8 installed into them, powered by electric motors, to which stationary blades 9 are connected, which end with replaceable tips 10 (Figure 3), attached moveably to them and slightly inclined in the direction of the solid drying material.
- Vertical bulkheads 11a, 11B, 11c and l id are still attached to the walls 5 of the body at an equal distance to each other and staggered in height so as to form openings through which the gas passes consecutively in the bottom and in the top parts of the body.
- the bulkhead lie is located at the end of the body, and torms an integral part, i.e. inner wall of the side cover 12- of the exit section of the dryer, and part of the wall of a rectangular channel 15 for removal of the exhaust gas from the dryer.
- the side cover 12 of the exit section is designed to pressurize the back side of the body by attaching it permanently, in particular through the flange connection, as well as to ensure separation and removal of exhaust gas and the dried solid bulk material from the dryer.
- the above-mentioned bulkhead lie and the side cover 12 refer constructively to the exit section of the dryer.
- the bottom the body 7 forms a rectangular outlet for the dried solid material 13, which is still connected, in particular welded to a rectangular channel 14 for removal of the dried solid bulk material.
- a rectangular channel 15 is formed, used for removal of the exhaust gas from the dryer.
- the back side of the rectangular channel 15 is sloping outwards to the level of the lower edge of the vertical bulkhead l ie, hence tapering inwards at an angle of 45° until reaching the box 6.
- Bulkheads 11a, 11B, 11C and lid form with the walls 5 of the body three consecutive volumetric workspaces with the shape of a polyhedron, which has a structure similar to that of a truncated pyramid, with two rectangular bases, that are open, two opposite side walls, that are parallel and trapezoidal, and the other two opposite side walls are rectangular and slanted in different directions in relation to the perpendicular to the horizontal axis.
- the volumetric formed workspaces are facing with their small bases to the shafts' space above the box 6, as three sustainable two-phase fluidized beds are developed in them.
- the bulkhead 11a starts at just under the top cover the body 4 and ends at a height of the shafts' space, forming into the walls 5 of the housing an opening through which hot gas and damp bulk solid material are supplied from the inlet section into the body.
- the bulkhead 11B starts from the shafts' space, and is so high, that the area of the hole formed by the vertical bulkhead 11a, the top cover 4 of the body and the bulkhead 11c allows the gas anu ine small parucies oi suiiu material aincu away vvuii me gas ⁇ ss uuuugn mc s a c with no speed change and to proceed in the second volumetric workspace.
- the vertical bulkhead 11c starts at just under the top cover 4 of the body and its height is such, that the area formed at the level of its, lower : edge, the bulkhead 11B and the walls 5 of body to be equal to the area formed by the bottom edge of the vertical bulkhead 11c, the walls 5 of the body and the shafts' space to the bottom of the bulkhead l id.
- the vertical bulkhead lid starts very close to the shaft, as far as that part of it is corresponding to the fourth volumetric working space in the body, and here no blades 9 are mounted on the shafts 8.
- the upper edge of the bulkhead lid is on the level with the upper edge of the vertical bulkhead 11B.
- Bulkhead l ie is forming an internal wall of the side cover 12, and is rigidly connected thereto by welding, in such a way, that also appears to be a natural continuation of the front side of the rectangular channel 15 for removal of the exhaust gas from the dryer.
- Blades 9 are successively set on the shafts 8, at an equal distance from each other, with a lateral displacement, providing their deployment in a spiral around the shaft 8, and thereby, the upper edges of the sloping tips 10 form in movement of the shafts 8 a stretched spiral line.
- Blades 9 are mounted on the shafts 8 by washers, and in turn the replaceable tips 10 are connected to the replaceable blades 9 by bolts.
- the purpose of the supporting section is to absorb and transmit to the foundation on which the dryer is mounted its weight and pressure of the dynamic load during operation of the device.
- the supporting section consists of a rectangular frame 16 with four load bearing legs, and its connection with the dryer is still through four welded to the bottom 7 hells 17.
- the dryer works in hydro-dynamic regimes of two-phase fluidized beds of the system "gas-solid material," as for their creation an external kinetic energy is used.
- gas-solid material On the way of movement of the gas and that of the solid bulk material from input to exit in the dryer, three consecutive, sustainable and efficient fluidized beds are realized in relation to the heat-mass transfer process.
- the gas moves in the same direction with the discharged from blades 9 (mounted on the shafts 8) solid particles, as in the second fluidized bed, the direction of the gas motion is opposite to the movement of solid particles.
- the dryer operates as follows:
- the first volumetric workspace is shaped like a polyhedron, with a structure similar to that of a truncated pyramid, the two opposite side walls are trapezoidal and parallel, and the other two opposite roundabout walls are rectangular, equal and are inclined in different direction in relation to the perpendicular to the horizontal axis, as the latter are part of the inclined walls 5 of the body.
- the tetragonal bases of the above-described polyhedron are open, as its small base is on level with the bottom edge of the vertical bulkhead 11B, and the large base - at the upper edge of the same bulkhead.
- the solid-gaseous flow enters through the opening, formed close to the small base of the first volumetric workspace with velocity of the haunting movement of the particle with an average for the solid bulk material diameter. Together with the discharged from the shaft area solid particles, the incoming solid-gas flow is directed upward to the large volume of the workspace to the expanding up intersection, where the gas velocity decreases due to the increased cross-section of flow, to the speed of boiling the particle with an average diameter of solid bulk material.
- Shafts 8 are rotated with high angle speed - from 150 to 780 revolutions per minute, and as a result from the opening between the shaft and the small base of the first volumetric working space, in the central part of the last a solid material is discarded continuously from the blades 9, mounted on the rotating shafts 8.
- the lifting in volumetric workspace of the discarded solid material is also supported by the rising gas ana witn tneir interaction a stable fluidized bed is rormea wnose neigm varies, aepenamg on me type or me sona OUI maienai, on uic uuw raie, and on the shaft's angle speed, but does not exceed the upper base of the volumetric workspace.
- the rising solid particles (depending on their size), lose their kinetic energy, and under the influence of their weight are directed down to the walls of the volumetric workspace. Those of them that slide, friction on the walls of the workload space, lose extra kinetic energy and, if their diameter is above the average for the poly-disperse system, fall back into the shafts space. Part of the falling particles that do not reach the walls of the volumetric workspace, especially those with a diameter smaller than the average for the poly-disperse system are covered by the ascending two-phase flow in the center of the fluidized bed and thereby ensure the circulation of the solids in the fluidized bed.
- the vertical bulkhead 11B can not be positioned below the upper level of the shaft space formed below the hole, beneath it (vertical bulkhead 11B) an opening is formed with cross-section that lets a small part of the gas to enter through the shaft's space from the first into the next second volumetric workspace.
- this opening is further reduced to a maximum by the thick layer of solid bulk material in the shaft's space, and therefore the gas passed through the opening does not affect the structure of the created in the second volumetric workspace fluidized bed. Furthermore, the increased gas velocity at the base of the second fluidized bed, inhibits further the passage of the gas between the two volumetric workspaces in the shaft's area.
- the third volumetric workspace has the same shape and structure as the first volumetric workspace, and therefore the traffic flows and the formation of the fluidized bed by them have the same characteristics with those in the first fluidized bed.
- the last, fourth volumetric working space is formed between the walls 5 of the body and bulkheads l id and l ie, where the vertical bulkhead l ie is a part of the anterior wall of the rectangular channel 15 for exhaust gas removal from the dryer.
- This volumetric workspace represents an inertial separator for solid particles from the gas, which leave the third fluidized bed.
- the placement of the shafts 8 blades 9 with inclined tips 10 installed on them is such as, when the shafts 8 are rotating, the upper edges of the tips 10 form a stretched spiral line, ensuring the movement to the outlet 13 of the remaining in the shaft's space thick layer of the dried solid material.
- the supporting rectangular frame 16 assumes the burden of the dryer through the base heels 17, lying on it, and via the four legs to the frame carries the weight to the foundation on which the dryer is mounted.
- the rotation velocity of the shafts in the drying process is 520 revolutions per minute.
- the velocity of the flue gases at the small base (upturned to the shaft area) in each of the working polyhedral shaped volumes of the dryer varies from 5 to 8 m/s, and the velocity of the same gases at the large base in each of the working polyhedral shaped volumes of the dryer varies from 0.8 to 2.6 m/s.
- the velocity of the gas at the lower base in each of the working polyhedral shaped volumes of the dryer is close to the point of particles' haunting movement, wnne ai ine larger oase or me poiyneurai snapea volumes me gas veio ny is auuvc ic uimuig point.
- the effectiveness of the dryer work is characterized with a coefficient of intensity, which is the quantity of water evaporated for one hour from one cubic meter of the working volume of the dryer.
- the rotation velocity of the shafts in the drying process is 440 revolutions per minute.
- the velocity of the flue gases at the small base (upturned to the shaft area) in each of the working polyhedral shaped volumes of the dryer varies from 5 to 8 m/s, and the velocity of the same gases at the large base in each of the working polyhedral shaped volumes of the dryer varies from 0.8 to 2.6 m/s.
- the velocity of the gas at the lower base in each of the working polyhedral shaped volumes of the dryer is close to the point of particles' haunting movement, while at the larger base of the polyhedral shaped volumes the gas velocity is above the boiling point.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RS20170979A RS56446B1 (en) | 2011-06-13 | 2012-06-08 | Method and speed dryer for drying solid bulk materials with gas in a fluidized bed |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BG110968A BG66611B1 (en) | 2011-06-13 | 2011-06-13 | A method for drying hard bulk materials and a high-speed drier with gas–fluidized layer |
PCT/BG2012/000016 WO2012171082A1 (en) | 2011-06-13 | 2012-06-08 | Method and speed dryer for drying solid bulk materials with gas in a fluidized bed |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2718649A1 true EP2718649A1 (en) | 2014-04-16 |
EP2718649B1 EP2718649B1 (en) | 2017-07-05 |
Family
ID=46583803
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12740453.1A Active EP2718649B1 (en) | 2011-06-13 | 2012-06-08 | Method and speed dryer for drying solid bulk materials with gas in a fluidized bed |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2718649B1 (en) |
BG (1) | BG66611B1 (en) |
RS (1) | RS56446B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012171082A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111174561A (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2020-05-19 | 杨文耀 | Rotatory unloading formula drying device of cereal |
CN111174562A (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2020-05-19 | 杨文耀 | Layered grain drying device |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL243055A (en) * | 1900-01-01 | |||
DE446469C (en) * | 1927-07-02 | Joseph Trautmann | Device for drying, processing or refining fine-grained or dust-shaped bulk goods | |
DE1038485B (en) * | 1955-07-08 | 1958-09-04 | Hazemag Hartzerkleinerung | Dryer for floury, gritty or chunky bulk goods |
FR1325376A (en) * | 1962-06-13 | 1963-04-26 | Ind De L Aluminium Sa | Aluminum hydroxide drying process |
DK9891A (en) * | 1991-01-21 | 1992-09-15 | Techdania I S V Sven T Aaen Og | PROCEDURE FOR CONTINUOUS DISINTEGRATION AND / OR DRYING OF PASTA, SLAM, PRESSURE CAKE, FILTER CAKE OR LIKE, ISSUE FIBROSICAL MATERIALS AND APPARATUS FOR EXERCISING THE PROCEDURE |
DE19613968A1 (en) * | 1996-04-09 | 1997-10-16 | Krupp Foerdertechnik Gmbh | High-speed dryer |
US6189234B1 (en) | 1998-04-08 | 2001-02-20 | International Technology Systems, Inc. | Continuous flow fluid bed dryer |
-
2011
- 2011-06-13 BG BG110968A patent/BG66611B1/en unknown
-
2012
- 2012-06-08 EP EP12740453.1A patent/EP2718649B1/en active Active
- 2012-06-08 WO PCT/BG2012/000016 patent/WO2012171082A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-06-08 RS RS20170979A patent/RS56446B1/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2012171082A1 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111174561A (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2020-05-19 | 杨文耀 | Rotatory unloading formula drying device of cereal |
CN111174562A (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2020-05-19 | 杨文耀 | Layered grain drying device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2718649B1 (en) | 2017-07-05 |
BG66611B1 (en) | 2017-10-16 |
WO2012171082A1 (en) | 2012-12-20 |
RS56446B1 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
BG110968A (en) | 2012-12-28 |
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