EP2715714A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur aktiven dämpfung eines akustischen wandlers - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur aktiven dämpfung eines akustischen wandlersInfo
- Publication number
- EP2715714A1 EP2715714A1 EP12716016.6A EP12716016A EP2715714A1 EP 2715714 A1 EP2715714 A1 EP 2715714A1 EP 12716016 A EP12716016 A EP 12716016A EP 2715714 A1 EP2715714 A1 EP 2715714A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- transducer
- acoustic transducer
- amplitude
- oscillation
- signal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003534 oscillatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 28
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
- G10K9/12—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated
- G10K9/122—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated using piezoelectric driving means
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the active damping of an acoustic transducer, as it is used for scanning an environment by means of acoustic signals, for example in a vehicle.
- the invention also relates to a device for implementing such a method.
- the transducers used are acoustic transducers having a diaphragm which necessarily has a certain mass, the diaphragm also having a spring force, resulting in reverberation behavior.
- Piezoelectric transducers have the same behavior for their piezoelectric layer. The ringing after a previous excitation is undesirable for several reasons, not least because of the resulting minimum distance of the ambient measurement, since the transducer can only be used as a receiver of the reflected sound on an object when the vibration (as a result of a previous excitation) largely has subsided.
- the reflected sound waves hit the membrane during the ringing time and can not be distinguished from it due to the remaining vibration of the transmitted pulse and therefore can not be detected. It is therefore known to additionally dampen the membrane in addition to the internal damping by means of damping elements, for example, foam is used. As a result, however, the sensitivity in both conversion directions, ie when transmitting and receiving the sound pulses is significantly reduced.
- a method and a device for active damping of an acoustic transducer is also known from DE 102010039017. There, the current oscillation frequency of the transducer is detected and the attenuation signal is applied at a frequency corresponding to the detected current oscillation frequency.
- a known sensor for acoustically sensing the surroundings of a vehicle consists of the acoustic transducer and the electronics for its control.
- the acoustic transducer in turn consists of an aluminum pot and the piezoelectric element mounted therein.
- the electrical equivalent circuit diagram of the sound transducer is shown in Figure 1 and includes a series resonant circuit of R, L and C ser , and a parallel capacitance C par .
- the oscillation amplitude is expressed in the equivalent circuit of the acoustic transducer as the amplitude of the current through the inductance L and is not directly measurable at the terminals of the acoustic transducer.
- the parameters of the attenuation signals can not be readjusted during the distance measurement, but must be determined in a calibration phase. This reduces the accuracy of a distance measurement.
- the invention enables active damping for almost all acoustic transducers in which the actual amplitude of vibration of the acoustic transducer is determined and an attenuation signal is applied to the acoustic transducer as a function of the actual vibration amplitude.
- the advantage of the invention is that the current oscillation amplitude of the transducer can be determined with high accuracy and temporal resolution without additional hardware expenditure, such as an analog-digital converter and without the knowledge of the individual values of the equivalent circuit diagram.
- the invention provides that in a detection step, a phase rotation of the vibration of the acoustic transducer, preferably brought about by a voltage pulse, and measured.
- the calculation of the current oscillation amplitude is carried out by means of known quantities representing the phase transmission rotation and the phase position of the vibration at the time before the phase rotation include performed.
- the attenuation signal can be generated and readjusted as a function of the currently known oscillation amplitude.
- the duration and / or the amplitude of the attenuation signal is preferably set as a function of the current oscillation amplitude of the converter. This achieves a fast and effective active damping of the acoustic transducer. As a result, a scan of the environment with high accuracy and resolution can be done, as resulting from the resulting short Nachschwingdauer a small minimum distance of the scanned objects from the sensor.
- the phase rotation is brought about by applying a voltage pulse to the acoustic transducer.
- This voltage pulse is applied at a time that does not correspond to a zero crossing of the oscillation amplitude of the transducer.
- the voltage pulse causes a phase rotation of the oscillation of the transducer, which is measured and from which the current oscillation amplitude can be calculated.
- the voltage pulse is preferably constructed from a single voltage edge or from one or more rectangular half-waves. This has the advantage that both an edge and a rectangular pulse can be easily generated and applied to the acoustic transducer.
- an additional detection step is provided, in which the current oscillation frequency (resonance frequency) of the acoustic transducer is detected.
- This can be done for example by a known from the prior art measuring method.
- the attenuation signal is inventively applied depending on the current oscillation amplitude and preferably with the current oscillation frequency to the transducer. This results in a further optimized damping of the vibration of the transducer.
- the invention is realized by means of a device for active damping of an acoustic converter see.
- the device has a detection device connected to the transducer.
- the detection device is able to determine a current oscillation amplitude by evaluating a measurement signal originating from the converter which contains information about the phase rotation of the oscillation of the converter, in particular by means of a digital phase pointer, a clocked counter and a zero crossing detection Vertex measurement, or other means to determine the phase angle of a signal. These are set up to detect the relative phase angle between two or more identical signal curves, preferably zero crossings.
- the apparatus further comprises a signal generator connected to the transducer and further connected to the detection means for determining the current vibration amplitude.
- the signal generator is able to generate a voltage pulse and apply it to the converter, which generates a phase rotation of the oscillation of the converter.
- the signal generator is also able to generate an attenuation pulse, wherein the signal generator in the generation of the attenuation pulse takes into account the current oscillation amplitude and phase position previously received by the detection device and according to this provides, for example, the duration and / or amplitude of the attenuation pulse.
- the signal generator is also capable of
- the signal generator is able to apply the voltage pulse for generating the phase rotation as well as the damping pulse to the converter through the connection with the converter.
- the device can also convert various signal generators. which are connected to the transducer, wherein in each case a signal generator for generating the excitation signal, for causing a phase rotation of the vibration of the transducer and for generating the attenuation signal is provided.
- the device comprises a memory, in which a currently detected oscillation amplitude can be stored, wherein the memory is further connected to the signal generator, which can retrieve the current oscillation amplitude to provide the damping pulse depending on the oscillation amplitude.
- the signal generator may be a binary or ternary amplifier, wherein the ternary amplifier further switches in the zero state to a high internal resistance.
- the detection device is additionally set up to detect an actual oscillation frequency of the converter or of a measurement signal originating from the converter. This can be done for example by a measuring pulse, by which the transducer is briefly excited and the frequency of the natural vibration of the transducer is detected by the detection device. This additional information can be used to apply the attenuation pulse to the transducer at the current oscillation frequency, but a substantially opposite phase position, resulting in further improved attenuation of the transducer.
- FIG. 1 shows the electrical equivalent circuit of an acoustic transducer.
- Figure 2 illustrates the vibration of the acoustic transducer in a phasor diagram.
- Figure 3 illustrates the vibration of the acoustic transducer and the active damping of the prior art in a phasor diagram
- FIG. 4 a shows a voltage pulse for damping an acoustic transducer according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4b shows the oscillation of the acoustic transducer and the active damping by means of the voltage pulse from FIG. 4a according to the first exemplary embodiment of the invention in a phasor diagram.
- Figure 5a illustrates a voltage pulse for damping an acoustic transducer according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5b shows the oscillation of the acoustic transducer and the active damping by means of the voltage pulse from FIG. 5b according to the second exemplary embodiment of the invention in a phasor diagram.
- Figure 6 shows schematically an embodiment of a device according to the invention.
- FIG. 7 shows a diagram for a more detailed explanation of the method according to the invention.
- Figure 1 shows the electrical equivalent circuit diagram 1 of an acoustic transducer. It contains a series resonant circuit of R, L and C ser , as well as a parallel capacitor C par .
- the oscillation amplitude of the acoustic transducer is expressed in the equivalent circuit diagram of the sound transducer as the amplitude of the current I L through the inductance L.
- Figure 2 illustrates the vibration of the acoustic transducer in a vector diagram 2 as a counterclockwise in the direction of arrow 80 at an angular speed o 0 rotating pointer 10.
- the length of the pointer 10 corresponds to the voltage U Max at the inductance L in the zero crossing of the current. During a period of oscillation, the peak of the voltage vector 10 describes the circular path 20 shown.
- the abscissa of the diagram is the voltage U L at the inductance L, at the ordinate at about o 0 L normalized current I L through the inductance L.
- the current I L is a measure of the current amplitude of vibration of the acoustic transducer.
- the passive damping caused by the resistance R is in this and the following
- the acoustic transducer is driven at the time of the zero crossing of the oscillation or of the current I L through the inductance L in antiphase with a voltage of the amplitude U b .
- This voltage pulse is shown in the diagram by the arrow 30. This results in a new circular path 22 with a reduced by the value U b radius 12. This corresponds to a vibration amplitude of the acoustic transducer, which is less than the oscillation amplitude before applying the attenuation signal.
- the antiphase activation of the acoustic transducer at the time of the zero crossing of the current I L through the inductance L results in the greatest possible attenuation.
- Phase of the vibration represented by the electrical variables U L and L L in the resonant circuit, remains constant, as can be read in the parallel orientation of the arrows 10 and 12 in the vector diagram 1.
- Figure 4 illustrates the detection step of a first embodiment of the damping method according to the invention.
- Figure 4b illustrates thereby the vibration of the converter on the basis of the equivalent circuit in a vector diagram of FIG. 3.
- the voltage pulse 40 is in the phasor diagram 3 represented by the arrow 30 with the amplitude U b .
- the oscillation of the acoustic transducer before or after the application of the voltage pulse 40 can be calculated from the known quantities ⁇ and ⁇ as follows: for the oscillation of the acoustic transducer, the voltage vector 14 has an amplitude a 2 .
- the amplitude of the attenuation signal as a function of at least one of the calculated amplitudes ai and / or can then be determined from the calculated amplitudes ai and / or a 2 a 2 are set.
- the active damping can in a conventional manner genphasiges by essentially overall
- the calculated amplitudes can also be used as a basis for other methods for damping the residual vibration, for example for a method according to DE 102010062930.8.
- FIG. 5 a illustrates the detection step of a second embodiment of the damping method according to the invention.
- a voltage pulse 50 consisting of two rectangular half-waves, a positive half-wave 52 and a negative half-wave 54, is used.
- the frequency of the pulse 50 in this example corresponds to the oscillation frequency f 0 of the oscillation of the transducer.
- the end time t 2 of the first half-wave 52 thus corresponds to a half pointer revolution.
- the time interval between t 2 and ⁇ again corresponds to half a pointer revolution or half an oscillation period T of the converter.
- the oscillation of the transducer at time ⁇ is represented by the voltage vector 19, which is rotated by 180 ° to the voltage vector 18.
- the application of the voltage change 57 causes a further damping of the oscillation amplitude and a phase jump by the angle ⁇ 3 .
- the phase rotation ⁇ can be determined by a measurement with high accuracy.
- the current oscillation amplitude ai (or a 2n + i after the voltage pulse) can be calculated.
- the passive damping by the resistor R must be considered, which is not shown in the vector diagram 4 for reasons of clarity.
- the calculation of the amplitude generally applies to a voltage pulse with several half-waves of the amplitude U b , n indicates the number of half-waves.
- the magnitude ⁇ can be determined by exciting the resonant circuit and measuring the ringing time without active damping. Then, after decaying, the resonant circuit is excited again with the k-fold amplitude and also measures the Nachschwingdauer. From the difference of the two Nachschwingdauern dt can be calculated according to the following formula, the damping constant:
- the size ⁇ can be determined by calculation from the sizes of the equivalent circuit diagram according to methods known in the art.
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of an active damping device according to the invention.
- the device includes a transducer 100 having two ports 102, 104. On the one hand, these are connected to a signal generator 110 of the device, which excites the converter.
- the signal generator 110 is designed according to the invention to apply a voltage pulse to the terminals 102 and 104, which is phase-shifted by the angle ⁇ to the vibration of the diaphragm and causes a phase rotation of the vibration of the diaphragm by the angle ⁇ . This may occur during the excitation phase or during the excitation break of the transducer.
- the terminals 102, 104 are connected to the detection device 120 according to the invention, wherein the terminals 102, 104 provide a signal representing the movement of the membrane of the transducer 100 during the excitation phase or an excitation pause of the signal generator 110.
- the movement is detected by the detection device 120 through the connection with the terminals 102, 104.
- the detection device 120 comprises a phase detection unit 124, with which phase information, in particular a
- Phase shift of the signal can be detected, which is applied to the terminals 102, 104.
- the detection device is further equipped with a frequency measuring unit 122, which allows the detection device 120 to detect the frequency of the signal at the terminals 102, 104.
- the phase rotation ⁇ can be measured very accurately at a constant transit time of the components involved in the measurement.
- the phase detection unit 124 comprises, for example, a digital phase pointer carried in the digital circuit.
- the measurement can be carried out by synchronizing the phase pointer with the current profile in the inductance L before the time t.sub.i at which the voltage pulse for producing the phase rotation .DELTA..phi. While the voltage pulse is applied, the digital phase vector contains the original phase position ⁇ 1 of the current I L at the time t i. After the attenuation signal, the actually present phase position ⁇ + ⁇ is determined and compared with the content of the digital phase vector. The difference between the two
- Values corresponds to the phase rotation ⁇ caused by the voltage pulse.
- the values of the components of the equivalent circuit diagram of the acoustic transducer and the amplification factor of the measuring amplifier used have no influence on the measurement.
- the frequency or phase detection unit 122, 124 preferably further comprise detectors for detecting similar waveforms, such as zero-crossing detectors, to detect the phase position and the period length between two zero-crossings.
- the detection units 122, 124 may use a common zero-crossing detector.
- the detected oscillation amplitude, phase position and the detected oscillation frequency are transmitted via a connection to the signal generator 110, which according to the oscillation amplitude, the frequency and the phase position provides the damping pulse, which is opposite to the movement behavior of the converter 100.
- the inventive apparatus may further include a controller 130 that drives the signal generator 110 to generate excitation pulses, attenuation pulses, and measurement pulses by the signal generator 110 at the appropriate times.
- the detector 120 is not (only) connected to the signal generator 110, but to the controller 130, which processes the amplitude information, the frequency information, and the phase information and corresponding to the signal generator 110 controls.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a method according to the invention for attenuating an acoustic transducer as a flow chart 200.
- the transducer is excited to oscillate by supplying an excitation pulse.
- a phase rotation of the oscillation of the converter is brought about by a voltage pulse at the time ti. The phase rotation is measured and the current oscillation amplitude is calculated from it.
- an attenuation signal is generated which is at least partially opposite to the oscillation movement of the converter and which is supplied to the converter in step 230.
- the duration and / or amplitude of the attenuation signal can be adapted to the oscillation of the transducer, resulting in a fast and complete attenuation.
- a measurement of the (still) existing amplitude after the previous performing a partial active damping can then be carried out to determine the quality of the already active active damping and the parameters of the subsequent final active damping.
- Such a measurement may, for example, proceed as follows: excitation of the oscillation (corresponding to step 210), partially active damping and measurement of the amplitude according to the described method (220) and final active damping (230).
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Gyroscopes (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102011076686A DE102011076686A1 (de) | 2011-05-30 | 2011-05-30 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur aktiven Dämpfung eines akustischen Wandlers |
PCT/EP2012/057362 WO2012163598A1 (de) | 2011-05-30 | 2012-04-23 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur aktiven dämpfung eines akustischen wandlers |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2715714A1 true EP2715714A1 (de) | 2014-04-09 |
EP2715714B1 EP2715714B1 (de) | 2015-12-16 |
Family
ID=45998373
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12716016.6A Active EP2715714B1 (de) | 2011-05-30 | 2012-04-23 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur aktiven dämpfung eines akustischen wandlers |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2715714B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN103635956B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102011076686A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2012163598A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3208634B1 (de) | 2016-02-17 | 2018-08-15 | ELMOS Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft | Ultraschallmesssystem, insbesondere zur abstandsmessung und/oder als parkhilfe bei fahrzeugen |
DE102017207679A1 (de) * | 2017-05-08 | 2018-11-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Betriebsverfahren und Steuereinheit für eine Ultraschallsendeempfangseinrichtung, Ultraschallsendeempfangseinrichtung und Arbeitsvorrichtung |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2813729C2 (de) * | 1978-03-30 | 1979-08-16 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Verfahren und Schaltungsanordnung zur Anregung von Ultraschallschwingern, die in der Impuls-Echo-Technik eingesetzt werden |
DE19605502C1 (de) * | 1996-02-14 | 1997-04-24 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Ultraschallwandler zur Abstandsmessung |
DE10136628B4 (de) | 2001-07-26 | 2006-04-20 | Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh | Ultraschallwandler zum Aussenden und Empfangen von Ultraschallwellen mittels einer Membran, Verfahren und Steuergerät zum Betrieb des Ultraschallwandlers, sowie Verwendung des Ultraschallwandlers |
US8077874B2 (en) * | 2006-04-24 | 2011-12-13 | Bose Corporation | Active noise reduction microphone placing |
DE102009000719B4 (de) * | 2009-02-09 | 2019-12-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Elektrische Bedämpfung eines mechanisch schwingenden Bauteils |
DE102010039017B4 (de) | 2010-08-06 | 2017-09-21 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur aktiven Dämpfung eines akustischen Wandlers |
DE102010062930A1 (de) | 2010-12-13 | 2012-06-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Erfassung eines Objekts in einem Umfeld und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines Ultraschallsignals |
-
2011
- 2011-05-30 DE DE102011076686A patent/DE102011076686A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2012
- 2012-04-23 CN CN201280026994.3A patent/CN103635956B/zh active Active
- 2012-04-23 WO PCT/EP2012/057362 patent/WO2012163598A1/de active Application Filing
- 2012-04-23 EP EP12716016.6A patent/EP2715714B1/de active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2012163598A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102011076686A1 (de) | 2012-12-06 |
CN103635956A (zh) | 2014-03-12 |
EP2715714B1 (de) | 2015-12-16 |
WO2012163598A1 (de) | 2012-12-06 |
CN103635956B (zh) | 2016-03-16 |
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