EP2715196A1 - Low torque, high flow and tight sealing tube butterfly valve - Google Patents
Low torque, high flow and tight sealing tube butterfly valveInfo
- Publication number
- EP2715196A1 EP2715196A1 EP12793703.5A EP12793703A EP2715196A1 EP 2715196 A1 EP2715196 A1 EP 2715196A1 EP 12793703 A EP12793703 A EP 12793703A EP 2715196 A1 EP2715196 A1 EP 2715196A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- valve plate
- butterfly valve
- tube
- mounting portion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
- F16K1/16—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
- F16K1/18—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps
- F16K1/22—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation crossing the valve member, e.g. butterfly valves
- F16K1/222—Shaping of the valve member
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
- F16K1/16—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
- F16K1/18—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps
- F16K1/22—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation crossing the valve member, e.g. butterfly valves
- F16K1/226—Shaping or arrangements of the sealing
Definitions
- This invention generally relates to butterfly valves, and more specifically to butterfly valves used in turbine and industrial derivative engines.
- a conventional butterfly valve is a type of flow control device used to manage a flow of fluid through a section of pipe.
- the typical butterfly valve includes a hollow cylindrical valve body, a flat, circular valve plate, and a rotatable shaft.
- the valve plate is disposed within the housing at a point intermediate to the length of the cylindrical housing and secured to a lower portion of the rotatable shaft.
- An upper portion of the rotatable shaft is coupled to an actuator.
- movement of the actuator is translated to the valve plate.
- the valve plate is rotatably positioned within the valve body anywhere from perpendicular to parallel to the direction of the flow of fluid through the valve.
- the valve plate When the valve plate is perpendicular to the fluid flow direction, the valve is closed and the fluid is restricted from flowing through the valve.
- the valve plate is parallel to the fluid flow direction, the valve is fully open and the fluid flow through the valve is at its maximum.
- valve plate sometimes require high actuation torque to move the valve plate, especially from a closed position to an open position.
- high actuation torque is due to, for example, high valve closed seating forces, unseating torques to open the valve after the valve was tightly closed, flow induced torque in the direction of closing the valve, and restrictions of the fully open flow path by the valve plate and shaft requiring a larger valve flow path diameter.
- larger and more costly actuators must be employed to open and close the valve.
- a standard butterfly valve has the flow passage extending beyond the valve plate in both directions.
- the geometry modifications to the valve plate and shaft assembly in order to reduce flow induced torque, are limited to locations inside the flow passage diameter when the valve is at any position. These modifications provide only minimal reduction of flow induced torque and may reduce the flow area of the fully open valve.
- a butterfly valve that provides for reduced actuation torque.
- An embodiment of a butterfly valve according to this aspect has an open position to allow fluid flow therethrough, and a closed position to prevent fluid flow therethrough.
- the butterfly valve also includes a housing having an inlet and an outlet with a flow path extending from the inlet to the outlet.
- the butterfly valve also includes a valve member having a valve plate to selectively allow and prevent fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet along the flow path.
- a tube is positioned within the flow path and adjacent to the valve member to selectively form a seal therewith.
- the valve plate includes a radially-outwardly- projecting lip such that one portion of the valve plate extends radially beyond the outer periphery of the tube, and another portion of the valve plate does not extend radially beyond the outer periphery of the tube.
- the tube is made of a compliant material, and is friction fit inside the housing.
- the valve plate includes an axially- projecting flange that is normal to the direction of fluid flow when the valve member is in the closed position, the axially projecting flange forming a radial seal with an inner periphery of the tube when the valve is in the closed position thereby preventing fluid flow through the valve.
- the valve plate remains entirely in the flow path when the butterfly valve is in the open position.
- valve plate is rotatable about ninety degrees between a fully closed position and a fully open position, and rotatable about ninety degrees between a fully open position and a fully closed position.
- valve plate is a single continuous structure formed from a continuous piece of material.
- valve plate has a variable thickness.
- the housing has a pocket projecting radially into an interior wall of the housing to accommodate the radially-outwardly-projecting lip of the valve plate.
- the valve member includes a first shaft portion and a second shaft portion.
- the valve plate is interposed between the first and second shaft portions.
- the valve plate includes a mounting portion and a gate portion.
- the mounting portion connects the valve plate to the first and second shafts.
- An upper gap is formed between the gate portion and the first shaft portion.
- a lower gap is formed between the gate portion and the second shaft portion.
- a butterfly valve that has low flow obstruction characteristics.
- a butterfly valve according to this aspect has an open position to allow fluid flow therethrough, and a closed position to prevent fluid flow therethrough.
- the butterfly valve has a housing having an inlet and an outlet with a flow path extending from the inlet to the outlet.
- a tube is positioned within the flow path.
- the butterfly valve also includes a valve member having a first and a second shaft portions, with a valve plate extending therebetween.
- the valve plate has a gate portion and a mounting portion extending radially outward from the gate portion.
- the first and second shafts are connected to the valve plate at the mounting portion.
- the mounting portion defines an outer peripheral edge that is radially outward from an outer diameter of the tube and radially outward from an outer diameter of the gate portion.
- a radially-outwardly-projecting lip extends from the mounting portion, such that the valve plate is non-circular in shape.
- first and second shaft portions are axially aligned with a gap between the first and second shaft portions and the gate portion.
- portions of the first and second shaft, and the mounting portion are downstream from the tube when the butterfly valve is in the open position.
- the fiow path increases in diameter downstream of the tube.
- the mounting portion is thicker than the gate portion such that the valve plate has a variable thickness, and/or the tube is friction fit inside the housing.
- a butterfly valve that has a longer service life due to replaceable wear parts.
- An embodiment of a butterfly valve according to this aspect has an open position to allow fluid fiow therethrough, and a closed position to prevent fluid fiow therethrough.
- the butterfly valve includes a housing having an inlet and an outlet with a fiow path extending from the inlet to the outlet. A tube is positioned within the flow path.
- the butterfly valve also includes a valve member having a first and a second shaft, with a valve plate extending therebetween.
- the valve plate has a mounting portion and a gate portion extending radially outward from the mounting portion.
- the mounting portion is connected to the first and second shafts at a circumference thereof such that rotation of the first and second shafts results in a like rotation of the gate portion.
- the butterfly valve also includes a compliant sealing flange extending circumferentially cross and axially outward from the mounting portion and the gate portion. The compliant sealing flange is axially received within an inner periphery of the tube in the closed position.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective illustration of an embodiment of a butterfly valve according to the teachings of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the butterfly valve of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is front view of a valve member of the butterfly valve of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 4 is a cross section of the butterfly valve of FIG. 1;
- FIGS. 5A-5C are cross sectional views of the valve member of FIG. 3 moving through various positions to transition the butterfly valve of FIG. 1 between the closed position and the open position; and
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the valve member of FIG. 3 engaging a tube of the valve of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 1 an embodiment of a butterfly valve 100 according to the teachings of the present invention.
- the illustrated butterfly valve 100 provides for reduced actuation torque requirements, reduced size and weight, and reduced wear during opening and closing of the valve. These advantages are achieved, in part, due to the interaction between a tube 102 and a valve member 104 positioned within a housing 202 of the valve 100 as illustrated in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of butterfly valve 100 comprising a tube 102, a housing in the form of valve body 202, a valve member 104, bearings 218, 220, and seals 222, 224, 226, 228.
- Valve member 104 is inserted into valve body 202, along a vertical axis, such that the valve member 104 can be rotatably actuated to allow or block fluid flow along the horizontal axis.
- the tube 102 is inserted into the valve body 202 and is situated within the valve body 202 such that it meets the valve plate 208 to form a seal when the valve member 104 is actuated to the closed position.
- valve member 104 is firmly held by bearing 218 and bearing 220.
- the bearings 218, 220 only allow the valve member 104 to rotate and restrict any horizontal motion.
- seals 222, 224, 226, 228 are inserted between the bearings 218 and 220 and the valve plate 208 in order to restrict fluid flow to only the horizontal direction.
- a cover 108 (see FIG. 1) can be provided to enclose the above components within the valve body 202.
- valve body 202 includes pipe coupling members 214, 216 formed at an inlet and an outlet, respectively, of the valve body 202.
- the pipe coupling members 214 and 216 generally permit the valve body 202 of the butterfly valve 100 to be secured to and/or placed in line with a pipe (not shown).
- Valve member 104 includes a first shaft portion 204, a second shaft portion 206 and a valve plate 208 interposed between the first and second shaft portions 204, 206.
- Valve plate 208 has two distinct portions: 1) a gate portion 210 and a mounting portion 212.
- the gate portion 210 projects radially outward from the mounting portion 212, and generally has a circular outer periphery with an annular flange 230 projecting normal to the page at FIG. 3 proximate the outer periphery.
- the gate portion 210 thus has a generally a semi-circular shape as it extends radially away from the mounting portion 212.
- the mounting portion 212 also has a generally circular outer periphery, with the exception that a first neck portion 232 of the mounting portion 212 extends upwardly and is connected to terminal flange 236 of the first shaft 204. Similarly, a second neck portion 234 of the mounting portion 212 extends downwardly and is connected to a terminal flange 238 of the second shaft 206.
- the annular flange 230 continues from the gate portion 210 and extends across the mounting portion 212, and also continues to extend normal to the page at FIG. 3. As such, the annular flange 230 is continuous and extends from both the gate portion 210 and the mounting portion 212.
- the section of the outer periphery of the mounting portion 212 extending between the first and second neck portions 232, 234 also has a generally semi-circular shape. However, the radius of curvature of the this section is greater than a radius of curvature of the gate portion 210, and a radius of curvature of the annular flange 230.
- FIG. 4 shows a cross section of the butterfly valve 100 in the closed position.
- the valve body 202 defines a passage 304.
- the passage 304 is generally cylindrical and travels the length of the valve body 202 between pipe coupling members 214 and 216.
- the passage 304 is configured to accommodate a flow of a fluid therethrough.
- the fluid can be a gas, a liquid, a slurry, or a mixture thereof.
- Such fluids can include, for example, gaseous fuel, liquid fuel, water, and the like.
- the butterfly valve 100 includes a valve shaft aperture 306 and a recess 308.
- the recess 308 is generally a cylindrical cavity formed in the valve body 202.
- the recess 308 and the valve member aperture 306 are generally transverse to the passage 304 and are in opposing spaced relation with each other.
- the valve member aperture 306 and recess 308 are generally occupied by and/or filled with the valve member 104, sleeve bearings 218, 220, and seals 222, 224, 226, 228.
- the first shaft portion 204 extends into the shaft member aperture 306, while the second shaft portion 206 is situated within the recess 308.
- Sleeve bearings 218, 220 are fit over the first and second shaft portions 204, 206, respectively, such that the bearing is interposed between the shaft portion(s) 204, 206 and the valve body 202.
- the first and second shaft portions 204, 206 are operably engaged with sleeve bearings 218, 220 at the shaft member aperture 306 and the recess 308, respectively, such that the valve member 104 can rotate relative to the valve body 202 and the passage 304.
- the first shaft portion 204 can be operably coupled to an actuator (not shown).
- the actuator can be, for example, a handle, an electrical motor drive actuator, a pneumatic actuator, a fuel-draulic actuator, and the like.
- the seals 222, 224, 226, 228 generally reduce or prevent leakage into the recess 308, or around the first shaft portion 204.
- the annular flange 230 seats and seals partially within the tube 102 when the valve plate 208 is in the closed position, such that the two components overlap as shown. More specifically, an outer periphery of the annular flange 230 and an inner periphery of the tube 102 are in sealing contact with one another. Both the annular flange 230 and the tube 102 are radially compliant to readily allow insertion of the flange 230 into the tube 102 as shown.
- valve plate 208 and indeed the valve member 104, are a single continuous component formed in a single operation such as molding or machining.
- the valve member 104, or portions thereof could be made of separate components.
- the annular flange 230 could be formed on a removable plate that is later fastened onto the remainder of the valve plate 208.
- the tube 102 is disposed within the passage 304 of the valve body 202.
- the tube 102 is generally a hollow, thin walled cylinder. As shown, the tube 102 starts near the centerline of the valve member 104 and extends away from the plate 208. The tube 102 is friction fit and/or fastened to the passage 304.
- the tube 102 is preferably compliant both radially inward and radially outward when the butterfly valve 100 is in either the open or closed position.
- the radially compliant sealing flange 230 circumferentially extends across a surface of the valve member that is normal to the direction of flow in the closed position. This circumferential extension results in the flange 230 extending axially away from each of the gate and mounting portions 210, 212.
- the compliant sealing flange 230 matches the radial compliance of the tube 102, as shown in FIG. 4.
- an outer diameter of the flange 230 is in contact with an inner diameter of the tube 102.
- tube 102 can be accessed via the end of the valve body 202, and more specifically the inlet side pipe coupling member 216. Therefore, should the tube 102 need to be replaced, it can easily be removed from the valve body 202 without having to remove the valve member 104 from the valve body 202.
- the pipe coupling member 214 can be disengaged from the pipe (not shown) to expose the tube 102.
- the uncovered tube 102 can be extracted from the passage 304 by overcoming the friction fit and/or fastening components holding the tube 102 in place. With the worn tube removed, a new tube 102 can be fit into the passage 304.
- FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C a cross section of the butterfly valve 100 is shown transitioning from the closed to open position or state.
- FIG. 5A shows the valve plate 208 in a closed position;
- FIG. 5B shows the valve plate 208 45° open; and
- FIG. 5C shows the valve plate 208 fully open.
- This particular illustration shows the mounting portion 212 and the gate portion 210 of the valve plate 208 clearly.
- the mounting portion 212 includes a radially-outwardly-projecting lip 502 that extends radially beyond the tube 102 when the valve plate 208 is in the closed position.
- PI represents the pressure of the upstream side where the fluid enters the butterfly valve 100
- P2 represents the pressure of the downstream side where the fluid exits the butterfiy valve 100.
- valve plate 208 When the valve plate 208 is in the closed position, as indicated in FIG. 5 A, PI is greater than P2 because the inlet and outlet sides of the butterfiy valve 100 are isolated from each other by the valve plate 208.
- the valve plate 208 begins to open, as depicted in FIG. 5B, the fluid beings to flow from the upstream side to the downstream side of the butterfiy valve 100.
- the local pressure near the lip 502 of the mounting portion will begin to reduce.
- the pressure near the extent of the gate portion 210 that is upstream from the remainder of the valve member 104 will still be generally at a pressure PI . This fluid flow will create an uneven pressure balance on the valve plate 208 that acts to close the butterfiy valve 100.
- the lip 502 causes an additional amount of torque about the axis of rotation of valve member 104 as a result of the increased radius from the radially-outwardly-projecting lip 502, and the interaction of the fluid therewith. This increased amount of torque aids in overcoming the tendency of the valve member 104 to close during operation.
- the lip 502 captures a portion of the high velocity jet created when the valve plate 208 begins to open and creates a pressure head in the location of the lip 502.
- the pressure head works to offset the uneven pressure balance on the valve plate 208, thereby eliminating the tendency to close the butterfly valve 100.
- a outward step 504 is present on the downward stream side of the valve body 202.
- the outward step 504 is advantageous because, as seen in FIG 5C, when the butterfly valve 100 is in the open position the mounting portion 212 of valve plate 208 and part of the first and second shaft portions 204, 206 are directly in the path of fluid flow, on the downstream side.
- the portion of the valve plate 208 that extends into the upstream side of the butterfiy valve 100 can have variable thickness. Therefore, the thickness of the valve plate 208 that extends into the upstream side of the butterfly valve 100 can be made even thinner in order to further reduce the flow-path blockage when in the open position. Yet the portion of the valve plate 208 that remains in the downstream side of the butterfly valve 100 can be thicker to increase the mechanical strength of the valve plate 208.
- the leading end of the tube 102 is positioned within the upper and lower gaps 240, 242 formed respectively between the gate portion and the terminal flanges 236, 238 of the first and second shaft portions 204, 206. It will be recognized that such a configuration permits the gate portion 210 to extend into the interior space of the tube 102 bounded by the inner periphery of the tube 102.
- FIG. 6 shows a perspective of the valve plate 208 and the tube 102 from the downstream side of the butterfly valve 100 when in the close position.
- the gate portion 210 is thinner than the mounting portion 212.
- the valve plate 208 has ribs 702 that run circumferentially along the gate portion 210 and meet with a step 706 at the beginning of the mounting portion 212. Therefore, when the valve member 104 is in the open position all of the gate portion 210 (thinner portion), including the ribs 702 are in the upstream portion of the butterfly valve 100, and all of the mounting portion 212 (thicker portion), including the step portion 706 are in the
- gaps 708 exist between the first and second shaft portions 204, 206 and the gate portion 210.
- the gaps 708 allow the valve member to rotate ninety degrees such that fluid can flow through the butterfly valve 100.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Lift Valve (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/117,988 US9027907B2 (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2011-05-27 | Low torque, high flow and tight sealing tube butterfly valve |
PCT/US2012/038833 WO2012166413A1 (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2012-05-21 | Low torque, high flow and tight sealing tube butterfly valve |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2715196A1 true EP2715196A1 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
EP2715196A4 EP2715196A4 (en) | 2015-03-11 |
EP2715196B1 EP2715196B1 (en) | 2018-04-11 |
Family
ID=47218612
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12793703.5A Active EP2715196B1 (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2012-05-21 | Low torque, high flow and tight sealing tube butterfly valve |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9027907B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2715196B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103562605A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012166413A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2962184B1 (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2013-12-27 | Valeo Systemes De Controle Moteur | FLUID CIRCULATION VALVE |
EP2848843B1 (en) | 2013-09-17 | 2018-05-02 | General Electric Technology GmbH | Butterfly valve arrangement |
US9625053B2 (en) | 2014-10-14 | 2017-04-18 | Woodward, Inc. | Hydraulic actuator lockout |
EP3181964B1 (en) | 2015-12-14 | 2018-08-22 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Check valve |
US10400817B2 (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2019-09-03 | Woodward, Inc. | Radial bearing device |
CN107084249A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-08-22 | 张振民 | Also valve |
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GB2378233A (en) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-02-05 | Tri Air Innovations Ltd | A blade for an air flow duct |
EP1593887A1 (en) * | 2003-02-13 | 2005-11-09 | Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Flow rate control valve |
WO2008100724A1 (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2008-08-21 | Woodward Governor Company | Tube-end butterfly metering and shutoff valve |
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US3033513A (en) | 1959-01-16 | 1962-05-08 | Vulliez Paul | High-speed universal control system for rotary valves assuming two successive movements |
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-
2011
- 2011-05-27 US US13/117,988 patent/US9027907B2/en active Active
-
2012
- 2012-05-21 EP EP12793703.5A patent/EP2715196B1/en active Active
- 2012-05-21 WO PCT/US2012/038833 patent/WO2012166413A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-05-21 CN CN201280025537.2A patent/CN103562605A/en active Pending
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GB2378233A (en) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-02-05 | Tri Air Innovations Ltd | A blade for an air flow duct |
EP1593887A1 (en) * | 2003-02-13 | 2005-11-09 | Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Flow rate control valve |
WO2008100724A1 (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2008-08-21 | Woodward Governor Company | Tube-end butterfly metering and shutoff valve |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of WO2012166413A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2715196A4 (en) | 2015-03-11 |
US9027907B2 (en) | 2015-05-12 |
US20120298900A1 (en) | 2012-11-29 |
WO2012166413A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
CN103562605A (en) | 2014-02-05 |
EP2715196B1 (en) | 2018-04-11 |
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