EP2713226B1 - Date mechanism - Google Patents

Date mechanism Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2713226B1
EP2713226B1 EP13177674.2A EP13177674A EP2713226B1 EP 2713226 B1 EP2713226 B1 EP 2713226B1 EP 13177674 A EP13177674 A EP 13177674A EP 2713226 B1 EP2713226 B1 EP 2713226B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
months
month
level
wheel
days
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP13177674.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2713226A2 (en
EP2713226A3 (en
EP2713226A8 (en
Inventor
Ludwig Oechslin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Manufacture et Fabrique de Montres et Chronometres Ulysse Nardin Le Locle SA
Original Assignee
Manufacture et Fabrique de Montres et Chronometres Ulysse Nardin Le Locle SA
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Publication of EP2713226A2 publication Critical patent/EP2713226A2/en
Publication of EP2713226A8 publication Critical patent/EP2713226A8/en
Publication of EP2713226A3 publication Critical patent/EP2713226A3/en
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Publication of EP2713226B1 publication Critical patent/EP2713226B1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/24—Clocks or watches with date or week-day indicators, i.e. calendar clocks or watches; Clockwork calendars
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/24—Clocks or watches with date or week-day indicators, i.e. calendar clocks or watches; Clockwork calendars
    • G04B19/243—Clocks or watches with date or week-day indicators, i.e. calendar clocks or watches; Clockwork calendars characterised by the shape of the date indicator
    • G04B19/247—Clocks or watches with date or week-day indicators, i.e. calendar clocks or watches; Clockwork calendars characterised by the shape of the date indicator disc-shaped
    • G04B19/253—Driving or releasing mechanisms
    • G04B19/25333—Driving or releasing mechanisms wherein the date indicators are driven or released mechanically by a clockwork movement
    • G04B19/25353—Driving or releasing mechanisms wherein the date indicators are driven or released mechanically by a clockwork movement driven or released stepwise by the clockwork movement
    • G04B19/2536—Driving or releasing mechanisms wherein the date indicators are driven or released mechanically by a clockwork movement driven or released stepwise by the clockwork movement automatically corrected at the end of months having less than 31 days

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of mechanical watchmaking. It concerns, more particularly, a semi-perpetual calendar mechanism, that is to say a mechanism making the change of date at the end of each month, able to take into account the exact duration of the month. Such a mechanism does not, however, adapt to February 29 leap years.
  • the proposed date mechanism can also evolve into a perpetual calendar mechanism, capable of adapting to leap years.
  • the date display is a complication widely used in watchmaking. Most frequently, a date indicator is driven one step per day, in a 31-day cycle. It is then necessary for a user to manually correct the display for months of less than 31 days. More advanced systems, the semi-perpetual calendars mentioned above, allow to take into account the 30-day month and the month of February, without however managing the 29 days of the month of February leap years. Perpetual calendar mechanisms allow the display of the date to remain accurate, without manual correction, adapting to variations in the duration of the months. This kind of complication is among the most complex.
  • Perpetual calendar mechanisms using a cam are known, which makes it possible to take into account the different durations of the months.
  • Flip-flops are arranged to bear on the cam and their displacement, varying according to the profile of the cam and therefore according to the duration of the month, allows to drive on a longer or shorter stroke, a mobile kinematically connected to the display of the calendar.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose an original date mechanism, particularly at the level of the display of information, and avoiding the use of any lever or lever in the drive of the different mobiles.
  • the invention relates to a date mechanism as proposed in the claims.
  • kinematically connected or "train” cover both a direct meshing of two wheels, but also an indirect drive.
  • the first embodiment of the date mechanism according to the invention proposes to display information relating to the date, according to a variant represented in FIG. figure 1 .
  • the days of the week are displayed by means of a first arcuate display area 10.
  • the first display area has 31 openings, supplemented by 29 indexes arranged on the dial, according to a concentric circle on the dial.
  • a first display member 12 ( figure 2 ) is pivotally mounted under the dial and comprises, according to the example, nine indication portions, typically stained in a particular manner, regularly distributed and intended to appear in the openings of the first zone 10.
  • the first display member 12 is mounted eccentrically with respect to the first display area 10, so that each indication portion is simultaneously visible at most only in one opening. The indication portions at the indexes are not visible.
  • the indication portions symbolize a particular day of the week, for example the first day of the week or Sunday and thus appear every 7 openings of the first display area 10.
  • the day of the week is read in front of the indication portion of the date that appears in through one of the apertures of a second arcuate zone, described below.
  • the first display member 12 can therefore be defined as being a display member of the days of the week.
  • the indication of the date is carried out at the second zone in the form of a circular arc concentric with the first display zone 10.
  • This second zone is divided into 60 parts of which only 31 consecutive have an opening 14 formed in the dial .
  • Each opening 14 is located vis-à-vis an opening of the first display area 10 and represents a calendar of the month.
  • a second display member 16 ( figure 2 ) is pivotally mounted under the dial and comprises, according to the example, two indication portions regularly distributed and intended to appear through the thirty-one openings 14. Again, each indication portion is simultaneously visible at most, only in one opening to indicate the day of the month and, in combination with the openings of the circular zone 10, the day of the week.
  • the second display member 16 is also eccentrically mounted with respect to the thirty-one apertures 14 so that only one indication portion is visible at a time.
  • the month of the year is indicated by means of a third circular zone 20 defined by twelve slots distributed concentrically to the first 10 and second zones.
  • a third display member 22 is pivotally mounted under the dial and comprises, according to the example, eleven indication portions intended to appear through the twelve slots of the third circular area 20. Each indication portion is simultaneously visible, at most, only in one opening. The indication portions are further distributed so that only one appears at a time through the slots, to display the current month.
  • Units and tens of years are also displayed respectively in two annular zones 24 and 26 ( figure 1 ), each being defined by ten openings.
  • a fourth display member 28 is pivotally mounted beneath the dial concentrically to the annular zone 24 of the year units. This fourth display member comprises an indication portion intended to appear through only one of the openings of said annular area of the units, to indicate the number of the units.
  • a fifth display member 30 is pivotally mounted beneath the dial concentrically to the annular zone 26 for tens of years. This fifth display member 30 includes an indication portion intended to appear through only one of the openings of said annular zone tens, to indicate the number of tens.
  • This embodiment further proposes to indicate the number of days in the month.
  • This information is displayed by means of four openings 32 formed in the dial, in a circular trajectory, concentric with the circular zone 10.
  • An indication portion made on a movable arm 34, defining a display member of the duration of the months is visible through one of these four openings to indicate, respectively, whether the month has 28, 29, 30 or 31 days.
  • the display proposed advantageously makes it possible to completely omit any indication in the form of numbers or letters, it should be noted that, for reasons of ease of reading, the openings or slots in the dial can be associated with to a specific marking, allowing the reader to better identify the information that these openings or slots represent.
  • the references used to designate the mobiles of the first embodiment are between 100 and 199. It will be noted that, in the present description, the concepts of drive elements or teeth may designate either a projecting portion or a recessed portion, with reference to the pitch circle of a wheel or a ring, either of which may be defined as the active portion of a gear.
  • the date mechanism as illustrated comprises a motive wheel 100 intended to be driven at the rate of two revolutions per day, better visible on the figure 4 .
  • This mobile includes two training elements. It meshes with a first pinion 102a comprising 8 drive elements and intended to to be trained half a turn a day.
  • This first pinion 102a is integral in rotation with a second pinion 102b, better visible on the figure 5 and comprising two drive elements.
  • the second pinion 102b is arranged to cooperate with a moving month 106, which is thus kinematically connected by a first kinematic link to the motive wheel 100 to be driven at a rate of 1/31 turn per day. More particularly, the second pinion 102b is arranged to drive a first level 106a of the mobile months, provided with 31 drive elements.
  • the first level 106a meshes with a first reference 108, itself engaged with a first level of a second reference 110.
  • the latter comprises a second level which causes an internal toothing 112 ( figure 4 ) that includes the second display member 16 for displaying the date.
  • the drive train formed by the first gear 108 and the second gear 110 is arranged to drive the second display member 16 at the rate of 1 / 62nd of a revolution per day under the action of the motive wheel 100, that is to say ie regardless of the corrections applied at the end of the month. In other words, the second display member 16 performs one turn, in about two months.
  • the mobile of the months 106 also includes a second level 106b better visible on the figure 6 which runs at the rate of 1/31 turn per day and which includes four elements of training. These are particular in that they are formed by teeth 114 of different lengths. The length of the teeth decreases in a clockwise direction, with reference to the figure 6 .
  • the teeth 114 are intended to cooperate with a first level 116a of an annual mobile 116 to be driven at a rate of 1/12 turn per month, which defines a second kinematic link.
  • the first level 116a is defined as a level of the duration of the months and comprises 12 driving elements 117, in this case teeth, each associated with one month of the year.
  • the length of these teeth 117 varies according to the duration of the month with which it is associated.
  • the tooth of the month of February is the longest
  • the teeth of the months of 31 days are the shorter and 30-day month teeth are of intermediate length.
  • the tooth of the month of February is fixed.
  • the level of the duration of the months comprises a first leap correction means.
  • the tooth of February is disposed on a first satellite 118, rotatably mounted on the first level 116a.
  • This first satellite 118 comprises, regularly distributed, three teeth whose length corresponds to a month of 28 days and a tooth whose length corresponds to a month of 29 days.
  • the cooperation between the teeth 114 of the second level 106b of the mobile of the months 106 and the level of the months of the annual mobile 116 allows to drive said annual mobile part of only 1/12 turn it performs per month. Due to the variable length of the teeth 114 and the teeth 117, the training of the annual mobile takes place at the end of the month, more or less early by adapting to the actual duration of the current month.
  • the additional rotation of the annual mobile is obtained by an additional kinematic connection, more precisely by the action of a central wheel 120 ( figure 7 ) secured to the motive wheel 100 and thus driven at the rate of two revolutions per day.
  • the central wheel 120 comprises a drive element, intended to cooperate with a second level 116b of the annual mobile 116.
  • the latter comprises 12 regularly distributed teeth and, through its cooperation with the central wheel 120, participates in the drive of the mobile annual rate of 1/12 turn per month.
  • the annual mobile 116 has a third level 116c ( figure 8 ) also comprising 12 teeth regularly distributed, but angularly offset from those of the second level 116b.
  • the third level 116c is arranged to cooperate with a third level 106c of the mobile months, the latter having only one driving element.
  • the conjugation of the rotations of the mobiles which have just been described that is to say the second level 106b of the mobile of the months 106 in cooperation with the first level 116a of the annual mobile, the training of the second level 116b of the annual mobile by the central wheel 120 and the training of the third level 106c by the third level 116c, allows to rotate the mobile months 106, the last day of the months of less than 31 days, respectively of 2/31 turns for the months of 30 days, of 3/31 turns for the months of 29 days and 4/31 turns for the months of 28 days.
  • the annual mobile 116 further includes a fourth level 116d ( figure 9 ).
  • This fourth level is called the day level and is divided into twelve sectors 122, each comprising 0, 2, or 3 training elements respectively for the months comprising 28, 30 or 31 days.
  • the sector of the month of February is fixed.
  • the level of days comprises a second means of leap correction.
  • the sector of the month of February is disposed on a second satellite 124, rotatably mounted on the fourth level 116d.
  • This second satellite 124 comprises, regularly distributed, three sectors without teeth for the 28-day month and a sector with a tooth for a month of 29 days.
  • the sectors of the second satellite 124 carry a training element of the month of January. Reference will be made below to the manner in which the second satellite 124 is driven annually, to account for leap years, and to present on the periphery of the fourth level 116d the ad-hoc sector.
  • the fourth level 116d is intended to be kinematically connected to the display member of the days of week 12. To do this, the fourth level 116d meshes with the first level of a third reference 126, the latter comprising a second level engaged with a fourth reference 128 which causes an internal toothing 130 ( figure 5 ) that includes the first display member 12 for displaying the day of the week.
  • the drive train formed by the first gear 108 and the second gear 110 is arranged to drive the second display member 16.
  • the internal toothing 130 has 63 teeth and the first display member 12 is angularly divided into 63 portions, of which only 9 are colored (1 every 7 portions). As mentioned above, they are visible through the openings of the first display area 10, which is divided into 60 parts.
  • the internal toothing 130 and the first display member 12 are driven 3/63 turns in 31-day months, 2/63 turns in 30-day months, 1/63 turns in 29-day months and is not not driven the months of 28 days because there is no lag in the days of the week over a 28-day month.
  • the first satellite 118 and the second satellite 124 each carry a pinion respectively 118a and 124a, arranged to be kinematically connected with a fixed toothing 125, concentric to the annual mobile 116.
  • the pinions 118a and 124a are each respectively engaged with a two-level reference 118b and 124b.
  • Training reports are provided for the satellites to perform one turn in four years. It should be noted that one of the levels of the references 118b and 124b are shaped so as to ensure the positioning of the satellites by bearing on the periphery of the zone of the fixed toothing 125 without teeth.
  • the annual mobile 116 includes a fifth level 116e with 6 driving elements ( figure 7 ) and arranged to drive an internal toothing 140 with 66 drive elements at a rate of 1/132 ((1/11) / 12) turn per month, or 1/11 turn per year.
  • This internal toothing 140 is engaged with a pinion 142a of a positioning wheel 142, equipped with 12 drive elements to be driven at a rate of 1/12 turn per year.
  • This positioning mobile 142 comprises a board with a cam track 144 ( figure 10 ), formed for example by a groove and intended to position the movable arm 30.
  • This cam path 144 comprises 24 sections, the distances between the centers of said sections and the axis of rotation of the positioning wheel 142 corresponding to the duration of the months (28-day month: shortest distance, 31-day month: longest distance, 30-day month: intermediate distance).
  • N which defines the set of natural numbers.
  • the positioning wheel comprises a third leap correction means.
  • one of the sectors of the month of February is disposed on a third satellite 132, rotatably mounted on the board 145. Indeed, only the February of even years can count 29 days.
  • the third satellite 132 carries a pinion 146 arranged to cooperate with a fixed toothing 147 ( figure 8 ).
  • the pinion 146 has 8 drive elements and the fixed toothing 147 has 2, so that the satellite performs 1 ⁇ 4 turn in two years.
  • the third satellite 132 thus has four sectors, two diametrically opposed define a portion of the cam path corresponding to a month of 28 days and the other two define a portion of the cam path corresponding to a month of 29 days.
  • the pinion 146 is shaped to ensure the positioning of the third satellite 132 by resting on the periphery of the fixed toothing area 147 without teeth.
  • a flip-flop 150 is provided, at a first end, with a lug not visible in the drawing and engaged in the cam path 142. At a second end, the flip-flop 150 is provided with a rack 154 ( figure 7 ) kinematically connected with drive elements integral with the movable arm 34, for positioning the latter.
  • the internal toothing 140 is integral with a ring 160, which is therefore driven to raisson 1/11 turn per year.
  • This ring is provided with 22 drive elements, defining 11 pairs evenly distributed to the inner periphery of the ring 160. This is intended to cause the display of the unit and the ten year.
  • These display members of the year are kinematically connected to the annual mobile by a third kinematic link, described above.
  • the ring 160 is thus engaged with a first level of a mobile 162, a second level of which is arranged to drive a wheel 164 carrying the fourth display member 28 for displaying the unit of the year ( figure 7 ).
  • the ratios of the mobile 162 and the wheel 164 are determined so that the wheel 164 performs a revolution in 10 years.
  • the wheel 164 is secured to a finger 165 cooperating with a reference 166, which drives an additional wheel 168 carrying the fifth display member for displaying the ten year ( figure 8 ).
  • the ratios of the wheel 164, the return 166 and the additional wheel 168 are determined so that the additional wheel 168 rotates in 100 years.
  • the information is displayed differently from the first.
  • the days of the week are displayed by means of a first spiral zone 210, defined by a plurality of openings disposed on the dial.
  • the openings are also used for displaying the date, so that the first spiral zone 210 has 31 openings. These openings are preferably arranged over approximately 360 °.
  • a first display member 212 is movably mounted under the dial and has indication portions in the form of eccentric circular arcs.
  • the arcs are arranged in such a way that the openings of the first spiral zone 210 which do not show an arc colored only in the outer part of the opening (that is to say farthest from the center of the display member), correspond to a particular day of the week, for example Sunday.
  • Each indication portion simultaneously symbolizes said particular day, at most, only in a single opening. If a colored arc appears only in the inner part of the opening, such a portion of indication does not symbolize, according to the example, the Sunday, but another day, in this case, the Saturday. On this basis, the skilled person can choose the day of the week he wants to indicate particularly.
  • the indication of the date is also made at the first spiral zone 210.
  • a second display member 216 is mounted movably beneath the dial and comprises a colored banana, preferably of a color different from the arcs below. above, also intended to appear through the openings 31 of the first spiral zone 210.
  • the colored banana is also oriented non-radially, so as to be visible simultaneously, at most, in a single opening to indicate the date of the month and also the day of the week, in combination with the information provided by the colored arcs of the first display member 212.
  • the eccentric orientation of the colored arcs and the colored banana with reference to the openings of the first spiral zone 210 makes it possible to obtain the same effect as that achieved by the eccentric mounting of the display members 12 and 16 of the first embodiment. that is, to display only a portion of the indication portions in the ad-hoc openings.
  • the month of the year is indicated by means of a first circular zone 220 defined by twelve openings distributed concentrically with the mechanism.
  • a third display member 222 is movably mounted under the dial and comprises, according to the example, an indication portion intended to appear through one of the openings of the first circular zone 220. The indication portion is simultaneously visible, at most, in only one opening, to indicate the current month.
  • the dial further comprises a second circular zone 224 disposed at its periphery.
  • this circular zone comprises 60 regularly distributed openings, to count down years, from 0 to 60.
  • the mechanism comprises a fourth display member 226 mounted mobile under the dial and carrying a portion of indication which is not simultaneously visible, at most, only in one opening, to indicate the current year.
  • the display proposed advantageously makes it possible to completely omit any indication in the form of numbers or letters, it should be noted that, for reasons of ease of reading, the openings or slots in the dial can be associated with to a specific marking, allowing the reader to better identify the information that these openings or slots represent.
  • the date mechanism as illustrated comprises a motive wheel 300 intended to be driven at a rate of two revolutions per day, better visible on the figure 15 .
  • This mobile motor 300 comprises 4 drive elements, intended to cooperate with a first level 302a of a first mobile 302, the first level 302a comprising 8 drive elements so as to be driven at a rate of 1 turn per day.
  • the first mobile 302 also carries a second level 302b, better visible on the figure 16 and has a single drive element.
  • the second level 302b is arranged to cooperate with a first level 306a of a month mobile 306 with 31 drive elements.
  • This mobile 306 months is kinematically connected by a first kinematic link to the motor 300 to be driven by the motor 300, that is to say independent of corrections applied at the end of the month, at the rate of 1/31 turn per day.
  • the mobile 306 months is secured to the second display member 216 for displaying the current calendar.
  • the mobile of the month 306 carries a second level 306b better visible on the figure 17 and provided with 3 drive elements, juxtaposed at the periphery of the second level 306b.
  • These training elements are arranged to cooperate, at the end of a month, with a pinion 308 with 6 drive elements and performing 1 ⁇ 2 turn per month.
  • This pinion 308 is integral with a board 310 provided with 2 diametrically opposed drive elements and arranged to cooperate with a first level 312a of an annual mobile 312 ( figure 18 ).
  • the month mobile 306 and the annual mobile 312 are coaxial.
  • the first level 312a comprises 12 drive elements, of the Maltese cross type, and is intended to be driven at a rate of 1/12 turn per month by a second kinematic link connecting it to the mobile months.
  • the annual mobile 312 has a second level 312b ( figure 19 ) defined as a level of the duration of the months. It has 5 raised protruding bumps on the periphery and in the plane of the second level 312b, each associated with a month of less than 31 days.
  • the vertex of the bumps has a substantially concentric portion at the level 312b, the length of the arc of which varies according to the duration of the month with which it is associated.
  • the peak of the February hump is longer, the peaks of the 30-day month hump being shorter.
  • the 31-day months are associated with a portion of the second level 312b without a hump.
  • the bump of the month of February is fixed.
  • the level of the duration of the months comprises a first leap correction means.
  • the length of the February hump is likely to vary.
  • part of the top of February's hump is fixed.
  • This fixed portion is extended by a movable portion disposed on a first satellite 318, rotatably mounted on the second level 312b.
  • This first satellite 318 includes, regularly distributed, four portions likely to extend, more or less (or not at all, depending on the size of the portions) the fixed part.
  • the first satellite 318 is secured to a pinion 318b ( figure 16 ) equipped with 8 drive elements, arranged to cooperate with a fixed toothing 319 located on the axis of the annual mobile 312 and provided with two drive elements, so that the first satellite 318 performs 1 ⁇ 4 turn per year to account leap years and present at the periphery of the second level 312b, a bump whose length is adapted.
  • the mobile of the month 306 has a third level 306c ( figure 20 ) located at the same height as the second level 312b of the annual mobile 312 .
  • the third level 306c has 3 teeth 307 free radially over a distance. These teeth can be arranged to be supported, elastically against the bumps of the second level 312b of the annual mobile 312.
  • the teeth 307 will be located on a boss in the "out” position, while the unsupported teeth on a bump will be in "retracted” position.
  • the teeth 307 outputs are located in the course of a third level 302c of the mobile 302.
  • This third level 302c has three drive elements and is driven at a rate of 1tr per day.
  • the mobile of the month 306 is driven, the last day of the months of less than 31 days, of 2/31 turn for a month of 30 days, of 3/31 turn for a month of 29 days and of 4/31 turn for a month of 28 days.
  • the annual mobile 312 has a third level 312c ( Fig. 21 ) says level of days.
  • This third level 312c is divided into twelve sectors 322, each comprising 0, 2, or 3 training elements respectively for the months comprising 28, 30 or 31 days.
  • the sector of the month of February is fixed.
  • the day level includes a second leap correction means.
  • the sector of the month of February includes a moving part tangentially.
  • the described embodiment proposes a movable tooth 314, allowing it to present 0 or 1 tooth, respectively for the months of 28 days and 29 days.
  • This movable tooth 314 is disposed on a fourth level 312d of the annual mobile, which is thus rotated integrally with the third level 312c and which is free tangentially at an angle equal to the angular pitch of the toothing of the third level 312c.
  • the fourth level 312d has a generally disk-like shape, with two inclined flanks 316 of essentially radial direction.
  • the third level 312c carries a first satellite 324a and a second satellite 324b, each having 8 driving elements, preferably formed by teeth, and one out of two corresponds to the longer or shorter duration of the month of February.
  • first 324a satellite it has a longer tooth for months of 28 days and a shorter tooth for months of 29 days.
  • second 324b satellite it is the opposite, it has a shorter tooth for the 28-day month and a longer tooth for the 29-day month.
  • the first 324a and second 324b satellites are arranged to cooperate with a fixed toothing 326 comprising 6 drive elements, located in the center of the fourth level 312d, so that the satellites 324a and 324b are driven at a rate of 3 ⁇ 4 turn per year.
  • the first 324a and second 324b satellites are positioned so that their teeth whose length corresponds to the length of February, are supported on one of the inclined flanks 316 of the fourth level 312d.
  • the inclined flanks 316 of the fourth level 312d are respectively supported on a long tooth of the first satellite 324a and on a short tooth of the second satellite 324b, the movable tooth is then hidden by the teeth of the third level 312c.
  • the inclined flanks 316 of the fourth level 312d are respectively supported on a short tooth of the first satellite 324a and on a long tooth of the second satellite 324b, the movable tooth is then apparent, active and complete the February sector of the third level 312c.
  • the third level 312c and, if appropriate, the fourth level 312d, are arranged to cooperate with a first level 327a of a mobile 327.
  • This first level 327a comprises 6 drive elements, so that it is driven 3/6 turn, 2/6 turn, 1/6 turn, or not driven, depending on the number of teeth presented by the third level 312c and the fourth level 312d.
  • the mobile 327 comprises a second level 327b, rotatably connected to the first level 327a and provided with twelve drive elements. It is engaged with a ring 328 provided with an internal toothing of 62 teeth, which includes the first display member 212 which displays a particular day of the week. Thus, at the end of the month, the ring 328 and the first display member 212 are driven 3/31 turn the months of 31 days, 2/31 turn the months of 30 days, 1/31 turn the months of 29 days and are not driven 28 days, because there is no shift in the days of the week in a month of 28 days.
  • the annual mobile 312 comprises a fifth level 312e, provided with a driving element ( figure 23 ).
  • the latter is arranged so as to drive, via a third ad-hoc kinematic link, and at a rate of 1/60 turn per year, a second ring 330, with an internal toothing of 60 teeth.
  • This ring 330 carries the fourth display member 226 for displaying the years.
  • the kinematic linkage comprises a first reference 332 ( figure 24 ) of which a first level is provided with four drive elements provided to cooperate with the fifth level 312e, to be driven at a rate of 1 ⁇ 4 turn per year.
  • This first reference 332 also comprises a second level also provided with four drive elements designed to cooperate with a second reference 334, provided with 10 drive elements and cooperating, on the one hand, with the second level of the first reference 332, in order to be trained with reason 1/10 turn per year and, secondly, with the internal toothing of the second ring 330.
  • the mobiles of the months 306 and 312 are coaxial and arranged at the center of the mechanism.

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Description

Domaine techniqueTechnical area

La présente invention se rapporte au domaine de l'horlogerie mécanique. Elle concerne, plus particulièrement, un mécanisme de quantième semi-perpétuel, c'est-à-dire un mécanisme effectuant le changement de date à la fin de chaque mois, capable de tenir compte de la durée exacte du mois. Un tel mécanisme ne s'adapte toutefois pas aux 29 février des années bissextiles. Le mécanisme de quantième proposé peut également évoluer en un mécanisme de quantième perpétuel, capable de s'adapter aux années bissextiles.The present invention relates to the field of mechanical watchmaking. It concerns, more particularly, a semi-perpetual calendar mechanism, that is to say a mechanism making the change of date at the end of each month, able to take into account the exact duration of the month. Such a mechanism does not, however, adapt to February 29 leap years. The proposed date mechanism can also evolve into a perpetual calendar mechanism, capable of adapting to leap years.

Etat de la techniqueState of the art

L'affichage du quantième est une complication largement répandue dans l'horlogerie. Le plus fréquemment, un indicateur de quantième est entraîné à raison d'un pas par jour, selon un cycle de 31 jours. Il est alors nécessaire à un utilisateur de corriger manuellement l'affichage pour les mois de moins de 31 jours. Des systèmes plus évolués, les calendriers semi-perpétuels mentionnés ci-dessus, permettent de tenir compte des mois de 30 jours et du mois de février, sans toutefois gérer les 29 jours du mois de février des années bissextiles. Les mécanismes de quantième perpétuel permettent à l'affichage du quantième de rester juste, sans correction manuelle, en s'adaptant aux variations de la durée des mois. Ce genre de complication est parmi les plus complexes.The date display is a complication widely used in watchmaking. Most frequently, a date indicator is driven one step per day, in a 31-day cycle. It is then necessary for a user to manually correct the display for months of less than 31 days. More advanced systems, the semi-perpetual calendars mentioned above, allow to take into account the 30-day month and the month of February, without however managing the 29 days of the month of February leap years. Perpetual calendar mechanisms allow the display of the date to remain accurate, without manual correction, adapting to variations in the duration of the months. This kind of complication is among the most complex.

On connaît des mécanismes de quantième perpétuel mettant en oeuvre une came, qui permet de prendre en compte les différentes durées des mois. Des bascules sont agencées pour prendre appui sur la came et leur déplacement, variant selon le profil de la came et donc selon la durée du mois, permet d'entraîner sur une course plus ou moins longue, un mobile relié cinématiquement à l'affichage du quantième. On peut notamment trouver des explications sur ce genre de système dans l'ouvrage « Théorie d'horlogerie » de Reymondin et al. aux Editions de la Fédération des Ecoles Techniques, pages 205 et suivantes .Perpetual calendar mechanisms using a cam are known, which makes it possible to take into account the different durations of the months. Flip-flops are arranged to bear on the cam and their displacement, varying according to the profile of the cam and therefore according to the duration of the month, allows to drive on a longer or shorter stroke, a mobile kinematically connected to the display of the calendar. One can find explanations on this kind of system in the book "Theory of watchmaking" from Reymondin et al. to the Editions of the Federation of Technical Schools, pages 205 and following .

D'autres systèmes proposent de réaliser un tel affichage grâce à des systèmes d'entraînement ne faisant intervenir que des rouages. C'est par exemple le cas du mécanisme décrit dans le document WO0148568 qui propose de réaliser un mécanisme instantané, en mettant en oeuvre une roue de la durée des mois, effectuant un tour en quatre ans et comportant, pour les mois de moins de 31 jours, des groupes de dents correspondant à la différence entre 31 et le nombre de jour du mois visé (soit 1 dent pour un mois de 30 jours, 2 dents pour un mois de 29 jours, 3 dents pour un mois de 28 jours). Un tel système est également complexe et est relativement épais. En outre, la taille des dents de la roue de la durée des mois rend délicat l'entraînement des mobiles d'affichage sur une course suffisante.Other systems offer to achieve such a display through drive systems involving only cogs. This is for example the case of the mechanism described in the document WO0148568 which proposes to realize an instantaneous mechanism, by implementing a wheel of the duration of the months, taking a turn in four years and including, for the months of less than 31 days, groups of teeth corresponding to the difference between 31 and the number of days of the month (1 tooth for a month of 30 days, 2 teeth for a month of 29 days, 3 teeth for a month of 28 days). Such a system is also complex and is relatively thick. In addition, the size of the teeth of the wheel of the duration of the months makes it difficult to drive the mobile display on a sufficient race.

On connaît encore des documents CH680630 et EP1351105 des mécanismes de quantième comportant un mobile annuel sur lequel un niveau de la durée des mois, muni d'éléments d'entraînement, permet une correction à la fin des mois de moins de 31 jours. Cependant, la correction s'applique uniquement au quantième, ce qui a pour effet de restreindre le type d'affichage.We still know documents CH680630 and EP1351105 calendar mechanisms comprising an annual mobile on which a level of the duration of the months, provided with training elements, allows a correction at the end of the months of less than 31 days. However, the correction applies only to the date, which has the effect of restricting the type of display.

La présente invention a pour but de proposer un mécanisme de quantième original, notamment au niveau de l'affichage des informations, et évitant l'utilisation de toute bascule ou levier dans l'entraînement des différents mobiles.The object of the present invention is to propose an original date mechanism, particularly at the level of the display of information, and avoiding the use of any lever or lever in the drive of the different mobiles.

Divulgation de l'inventionDisclosure of the invention

De façon plus précise, l'invention concerne un mécanisme de quantième tel que proposé dans les revendications.More specifically, the invention relates to a date mechanism as proposed in the claims.

Brève description des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

D'autres détails de l'invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description qui suit, faite en référence au dessin annexé dans lequel :

  • la figure 1 représente l'affichage d'un mécanisme de quantième selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 2 montre de manière détaillée les pièces participant directement à l'affichage de la figure 1,
  • la figure 3 est une vue complète du mécanisme de quantième de ce premier mode de réalisation,
  • les figures 4 à 10 montrent en détail, niveau par niveau, le mécanisme de la figure 3,
  • la figure 11 représente l'affichage d'un mécanisme de quantième selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 12 montre les pièces participant directement à l'affichage de la figure 11,
  • les figures 13 et 14 sont des vues du mécanisme de quantième de ce deuxième mode de réalisation, et
  • les figures 15 à 24 montrent en détail, niveau par niveau, le mécanisme des figures 13 et 14
Other details of the invention will emerge more clearly on reading the description which follows, made with reference to the appended drawing in which:
  • the figure 1 represents the display of a date mechanism according to a first embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 2 shows in a detailed way the parts directly participating in the display of the figure 1 ,
  • the figure 3 is a complete view of the date mechanism of this first embodiment,
  • the Figures 4 to 10 show in detail, level by level, the mechanism of the figure 3 ,
  • the figure 11 represents the display of a date mechanism according to a second embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 12 shows the parts directly participating in the display of the figure 11 ,
  • the figures 13 and 14 are views of the date mechanism of this second embodiment, and
  • the Figures 15 to 24 show in detail, level by level, the mechanism of figures 13 and 14

Mode(s) de réalisation de l'inventionMode (s) of realization of the invention

Dans la présente description, les termes « relié cinématiquement » ou « entraîner » couvrent à la fois un engrènement direct de deux rouages, mais également un entraînement indirect.In the present description, the terms "kinematically connected" or "train" cover both a direct meshing of two wheels, but also an indirect drive.

Le premier mode de réalisation du mécanisme de quantième selon l'invention, propose d'afficher des informations relatives à la date, selon une variante représentée à la figure 1.The first embodiment of the date mechanism according to the invention proposes to display information relating to the date, according to a variant represented in FIG. figure 1 .

Ainsi, les jours de la semaine sont affichés au moyen d'une première zone d'affichage en forme d'arc de cercle 10. Dans l'exemple, la première zone d'affichage comporte 31 ouvertures, complétées par 29 index disposés sur le cadran, selon un cercle concentrique au cadran. Un premier organe d'affichage 12 (figure 2) est monté pivotant sous le cadran et comporte, selon l'exemple, neuf portions d'indication, typiquement colorées de manière particulière, régulièrement réparties et destinées à apparaître dans les ouvertures de la première zone 10. Comme on le détaillera par la suite, le premier organe d'affichage 12 est monté de manière excentrée par rapport à la première zone d'affichage 10, de sorte que chaque portion d'indication n'est simultanément visible, au plus, que dans une seule ouverture. Les portions d'indication situées au niveau des index ne sont pas visibles. Les portions d'indication symbolisent un jour particulier de la semaine, par exemple le premier jour de la semaine ou le dimanche et apparaissent donc toutes les 7 ouvertures de la première zone d'affichage 10. Le jour de la semaine se lit en face de la portion d'indication du quantième qui apparait à travers l'une des ouvertures d'une deuxième zone en forme d'arc de cercle, décrite ci-après. Le premier organe d'affichage 12 peut donc être défini comme étant un organe d'affichage des jours de la semaine.Thus, the days of the week are displayed by means of a first arcuate display area 10. In the example, the first display area has 31 openings, supplemented by 29 indexes arranged on the dial, according to a concentric circle on the dial. A first display member 12 ( figure 2 ) is pivotally mounted under the dial and comprises, according to the example, nine indication portions, typically stained in a particular manner, regularly distributed and intended to appear in the openings of the first zone 10. As will be detailed later, the first display member 12 is mounted eccentrically with respect to the first display area 10, so that each indication portion is simultaneously visible at most only in one opening. The indication portions at the indexes are not visible. The indication portions symbolize a particular day of the week, for example the first day of the week or Sunday and thus appear every 7 openings of the first display area 10. The day of the week is read in front of the indication portion of the date that appears in through one of the apertures of a second arcuate zone, described below. The first display member 12 can therefore be defined as being a display member of the days of the week.

L'indication du quantième est réalisée au niveau de la deuxième zone en forme d'arc de cercle concentrique à la première zone d'affichage 10. Cette deuxième zone est divisée en 60 parties dont seules 31 consécutives comportent une ouverture 14 ménagées dans le cadran. Chaque ouverture 14 est située en vis-à-vis d'une ouverture de la première zone d'affichage 10 et représente un quantième du mois. Un second organe d'affichage 16 (figure 2) est monté pivotant sous le cadran et comporte, selon l'exemple, deux portions d'indication régulièrement réparties et destinées à apparaître au travers des trente-et-une ouvertures 14. Là encore, chaque portion d'indication n'est simultanément visible, au plus, que dans une seule ouverture pour indiquer le quantième du mois et, en combinaison avec les ouvertures de la zone circulaire 10, le jour de la semaine. Le second organe d'affichage 16 est également monté de manière excentrée par rapport aux trente-et-une ouvertures 14, afin qu'une seule portion d'indication soit visible à la fois.The indication of the date is carried out at the second zone in the form of a circular arc concentric with the first display zone 10. This second zone is divided into 60 parts of which only 31 consecutive have an opening 14 formed in the dial . Each opening 14 is located vis-à-vis an opening of the first display area 10 and represents a calendar of the month. A second display member 16 ( figure 2 ) is pivotally mounted under the dial and comprises, according to the example, two indication portions regularly distributed and intended to appear through the thirty-one openings 14. Again, each indication portion is simultaneously visible at most, only in one opening to indicate the day of the month and, in combination with the openings of the circular zone 10, the day of the week. The second display member 16 is also eccentrically mounted with respect to the thirty-one apertures 14 so that only one indication portion is visible at a time.

Le mois de l'année est indiqué au moyen d'une troisième zone circulaire 20 définie par douze fentes réparties concentriquement aux première 10 et deuxième zones. Un troisième organe d'affichage 22 est monté pivotant sous le cadran et comporte, selon l'exemple, onze portions d'indication destinées à apparaître au travers des douze fentes de la troisième zone circulaire 20. Chaque portion d'indication n'est simultanément visible, au plus, que dans une seule ouverture. Les portions d'indication sont en outre réparties de manière à ce qu'une seule n'apparaisse à la fois au travers des fentes, pour afficher le mois en cours.The month of the year is indicated by means of a third circular zone 20 defined by twelve slots distributed concentrically to the first 10 and second zones. A third display member 22 is pivotally mounted under the dial and comprises, according to the example, eleven indication portions intended to appear through the twelve slots of the third circular area 20. Each indication portion is simultaneously visible, at most, only in one opening. The indication portions are further distributed so that only one appears at a time through the slots, to display the current month.

Les unités et les dizaines d'années sont également affichées respectivement dans deux zones annulaires 24 et 26 (figure 1), chacune étant définie par dix ouvertures. Un quatrième organe d'affichage 28 est monté pivotant sous le cadran, concentriquement à la zone annulaire 24 des unités des années. Ce quatrième organe d'affichage comporte une portion d'indication destinée à apparaître au travers de l'une seulement des ouvertures de ladite zone annulaire des unités, pour indiquer le chiffre des unités. Un cinquième organe d'affichage 30 est monté pivotant sous le cadran, concentriquement à la zone annulaire 26 des dizaines des années. Ce cinquième organe d'affichage 30 comporte une portion d'indication destinée à apparaître au travers de l'une seulement des ouvertures de ladite zone annulaire des dizaines, pour indiquer le chiffre des dizaines.Units and tens of years are also displayed respectively in two annular zones 24 and 26 ( figure 1 ), each being defined by ten openings. A fourth display member 28 is pivotally mounted beneath the dial concentrically to the annular zone 24 of the year units. This fourth display member comprises an indication portion intended to appear through only one of the openings of said annular area of the units, to indicate the number of the units. A fifth display member 30 is pivotally mounted beneath the dial concentrically to the annular zone 26 for tens of years. This fifth display member 30 includes an indication portion intended to appear through only one of the openings of said annular zone tens, to indicate the number of tens.

Ce mode de réalisation propose en outre d'indiquer le nombre de jours que comporte le mois. Cette information est affichée au moyen de quatre ouvertures 32 ménagées dans le cadran, selon une trajectoire circulaire, concentrique à la zone circulaire 10. Une portion d'indication réalisée sur un bras mobile 34, définissant un organe d'affichage de la durée des mois, est visible au travers de l'une de ces quatre ouvertures pour indiquer, respectivement, si le mois comporte 28, 29, 30 ou 31 jours.This embodiment further proposes to indicate the number of days in the month. This information is displayed by means of four openings 32 formed in the dial, in a circular trajectory, concentric with the circular zone 10. An indication portion made on a movable arm 34, defining a display member of the duration of the months , is visible through one of these four openings to indicate, respectively, whether the month has 28, 29, 30 or 31 days.

Bien que l'affichage proposé permette, de manière avantageuse, de se passer totalement d'indication sous forme de chiffres ou de lettres, on notera que, pour des raisons de facilité de lecture, les ouvertures ou fentes ménagées dans le cadran peuvent être associées à un marquage spécifique, permettant au lecteur de mieux identifier l'information que ces ouvertures ou fentes représentent.Although the display proposed advantageously makes it possible to completely omit any indication in the form of numbers or letters, it should be noted that, for reasons of ease of reading, the openings or slots in the dial can be associated with to a specific marking, allowing the reader to better identify the information that these openings or slots represent.

Nous allons maintenant décrire un mécanisme préféré permettant d'afficher ces informations selon la manière proposée dans ce premier mode de réalisation. Les références utilisées pour désigner les mobiles du premier mode de réalisation sont compris entre 100 et 199. On notera que, dans la présente description, les notions d'éléments d'entraînement ou de dents, peuvent désigner soit une portion en saillie, soit une portion en creux, en référence au cercle primitif d'une roue ou d'un anneau, les uns ou les autres pouvant être définis comme étant la portion active d'un engrenage.We will now describe a preferred mechanism for displaying this information as proposed in this first embodiment. The references used to designate the mobiles of the first embodiment are between 100 and 199. It will be noted that, in the present description, the concepts of drive elements or teeth may designate either a projecting portion or a recessed portion, with reference to the pitch circle of a wheel or a ring, either of which may be defined as the active portion of a gear.

Le mécanisme de quantième tel qu'illustré comprend un mobile moteur 100 destiné à être entraîné à raison de deux tours par jour, mieux visible sur la figure 4. Ce mobile comprend deux éléments d'entraînement. Il engrène avec un premier pignon 102a comportant 8 éléments d'entraînement et destiné à être entraîné à raison de un demi tour par jour. Ce premier pignon 102a est solidaire en rotation d'un deuxième pignon 102b, mieux visible sur la figure 5 et comprenant deux éléments d'entraînement.The date mechanism as illustrated comprises a motive wheel 100 intended to be driven at the rate of two revolutions per day, better visible on the figure 4 . This mobile includes two training elements. It meshes with a first pinion 102a comprising 8 drive elements and intended to to be trained half a turn a day. This first pinion 102a is integral in rotation with a second pinion 102b, better visible on the figure 5 and comprising two drive elements.

Le deuxième pignon 102b est agencé de manière à coopérer avec un mobile des mois 106, qui est donc relié cinematiquement par une première liaison cinématique au mobile moteur 100 pour être entraîné à raison de 1/31 tour par jour. Plus particulièrement, le deuxième pignon 102b est agencé pour entraîner un premier niveau 106a du mobile des mois, muni de 31 éléments d'entraînement.The second pinion 102b is arranged to cooperate with a moving month 106, which is thus kinematically connected by a first kinematic link to the motive wheel 100 to be driven at a rate of 1/31 turn per day. More particularly, the second pinion 102b is arranged to drive a first level 106a of the mobile months, provided with 31 drive elements.

Le premier niveau 106a engrène avec un premier renvoi 108, lui-même en prise avec un premier niveau d'un deuxième renvoi 110. Ce dernier comporte un deuxième niveau qui entraîne une denture intérieure 112 (figure 4) que comporte le second organe d'affichage 16 pour l'affichage du quantième. La chaîne cinématique formée par le premier renvoi 108 et le deuxième renvoi 110, est agencée pour entraîner le second organe d'affichage 16 à raison de 1/62ème de tour par jour sous l'action du mobile moteur 100, c'est-à-dire indépendamment des corrections appliquées en fin de mois. En d'autres termes, le second organe d'affichage 16 effectue un tour, en deux mois environ.The first level 106a meshes with a first reference 108, itself engaged with a first level of a second reference 110. The latter comprises a second level which causes an internal toothing 112 ( figure 4 ) that includes the second display member 16 for displaying the date. The drive train formed by the first gear 108 and the second gear 110 is arranged to drive the second display member 16 at the rate of 1 / 62nd of a revolution per day under the action of the motive wheel 100, that is to say ie regardless of the corrections applied at the end of the month. In other words, the second display member 16 performs one turn, in about two months.

Le mobile des mois 106 comprend également un deuxième niveau 106b mieux visible sur la figure 6 qui tourne donc à raison de 1/31 tour par jour et qui comporte quatre éléments d'entraînements. Ces derniers sont particuliers en ce qu'ils sont formés par des dents 114 de longueur différente. La longueur des dents va décroissante dans le sens des aiguilles du montre, en référence à la figure 6. Les dents 114 sont destinées à coopérer avec un premier niveau 116a d'un mobile annuel 116 pour être entraîné à raison d'1/12 tour par mois, ce qui définit une deuxième liaison cinématique.The mobile of the months 106 also includes a second level 106b better visible on the figure 6 which runs at the rate of 1/31 turn per day and which includes four elements of training. These are particular in that they are formed by teeth 114 of different lengths. The length of the teeth decreases in a clockwise direction, with reference to the figure 6 . The teeth 114 are intended to cooperate with a first level 116a of an annual mobile 116 to be driven at a rate of 1/12 turn per month, which defines a second kinematic link.

Le premier niveau 116a est défini comme étant un niveau de la durée des mois et comporte 12 éléments d'entraînement 117, en l'espèce des dents, chacune étant associée à un mois de l'année. La longueur de ces dents 117 varie en fonction de la durée du mois auquel elle est associée. Ainsi, la dent du mois de février est la plus longue, les dents des mois de 31 jours sont les plus courtes et les dents des mois de 30 jours sont de longueur intermédiaire.The first level 116a is defined as a level of the duration of the months and comprises 12 driving elements 117, in this case teeth, each associated with one month of the year. The length of these teeth 117 varies according to the duration of the month with which it is associated. Thus, the tooth of the month of February is the longest, the teeth of the months of 31 days are the shorter and 30-day month teeth are of intermediate length.

Dans une variante permettant de réaliser un calendrier semi-perpétuel, la dent du mois de février est fixe. Dans une variante pour un calendrier perpétuel, tel que proposée au dessin, le niveau de la durée des mois comporte un premier moyen de correction bissextile. Ainsi, la dent du mois de février est disposée sur un premier satellite 118, monté à rotation sur le premier niveau 116a. Ce premier satellite 118 comprend, régulièrement réparties, trois dents dont la longueur correspond à un mois de 28 jours et une dent dont la longueur correspond à un mois de 29 jours. On reviendra ci-après sur la manière dont le premier satellite 118 est entraîné annuellement, pour tenir compte des années bissextiles et présenter à la périphérie du premier niveau 116a, une dent de longueur ad-hoc.In a variant for making a semi-perpetual calendar, the tooth of the month of February is fixed. In a variant for a perpetual calendar, as proposed in the drawing, the level of the duration of the months comprises a first leap correction means. Thus, the tooth of February is disposed on a first satellite 118, rotatably mounted on the first level 116a. This first satellite 118 comprises, regularly distributed, three teeth whose length corresponds to a month of 28 days and a tooth whose length corresponds to a month of 29 days. We will come back to the manner in which the first satellite 118 is driven annually, to take account of the leap years and present at the periphery of the first level 116a, a tooth of ad-hoc length.

La coopération entre les dents 114 du deuxième niveau 106b du mobile des mois 106 et le niveau des mois du mobile annuel 116 permet d'entraîner ledit mobile annuel d'une partie seulement du 1/12 tour qu'il effectue par mois. Grâce à la longueur variable des dents 114 et des dents 117, l'entraînement du mobile annuel a lieu en fin de mois, plus ou moins tôt en s'adaptant à la durée effective du mois en cours.The cooperation between the teeth 114 of the second level 106b of the mobile of the months 106 and the level of the months of the annual mobile 116 allows to drive said annual mobile part of only 1/12 turn it performs per month. Due to the variable length of the teeth 114 and the teeth 117, the training of the annual mobile takes place at the end of the month, more or less early by adapting to the actual duration of the current month.

Le complément de rotation du mobile annuel est obtenu par une liaison cinématique supplémentaire, plus précisément par l'action d'une roue centrale 120 (figure 7) solidaire du mobile moteur 100 et donc entraîné à raison de deux tours par jour. La roue centrale 120 comprend un élément d'entraînement, destiné à coopérer avec un deuxième niveau 116b du mobile annuel 116. Ce dernier comprend 12 dents régulièrement réparties et, de par sa coopération avec la roue centrale 120, participe à l'entraînement du mobile annuel à raison de 1/12 tour par mois.The additional rotation of the annual mobile is obtained by an additional kinematic connection, more precisely by the action of a central wheel 120 ( figure 7 ) secured to the motive wheel 100 and thus driven at the rate of two revolutions per day. The central wheel 120 comprises a drive element, intended to cooperate with a second level 116b of the annual mobile 116. The latter comprises 12 regularly distributed teeth and, through its cooperation with the central wheel 120, participates in the drive of the mobile annual rate of 1/12 turn per month.

Pour corriger la rotation de la roue des mois 106 à la fin des mois de moins de 31 jours, c'est-à-dire lui faire terminer sa révolution de manière anticipée, le mobile annuel 116 comporte un troisième niveau 116c (figure 8) comprenant également 12 dents régulièrement réparties, mais décalées angulairement par rapport à celles du deuxième niveau 116b. On relèvera que, dans l'exemple, les deuxième et troisième niveaux sont de même diamètre. Le troisième niveau 116c est agencé pour coopérer avec un troisième niveau 106c du mobile des mois, ce dernier ne comportant qu'un élément d'entraînement.To correct the rotation of the wheel of the months 106 at the end of the months of less than 31 days, that is to say to make him finish his revolution in advance, the annual mobile 116 has a third level 116c ( figure 8 ) also comprising 12 teeth regularly distributed, but angularly offset from those of the second level 116b. We will rise that in the example, the second and third levels are of the same diameter. The third level 116c is arranged to cooperate with a third level 106c of the mobile months, the latter having only one driving element.

Ainsi, à la fin des mois de moins de 31 jours, la conjugaison des rotations des mobiles qui viennent d'être décrits, c'est-à-dire du deuxième niveau 106b du mobile des mois 106 en coopération avec le premier niveau 116a du mobile annuel, l'entraînement du deuxième niveau 116b du mobile annuel par la roue centrale 120 et l'entraînement du troisième niveau 106c par le troisième niveau 116c, permet de faire tourner le mobile des mois 106, le dernier jours des mois de moins de 31 jours, respectivement de 2/31 tours pour les mois de 30 jours, de 3/31 tours pour les mois de 29 jours et de 4/31 tours pour les mois de 28 jours.Thus, at the end of the months of less than 31 days, the conjugation of the rotations of the mobiles which have just been described, that is to say the second level 106b of the mobile of the months 106 in cooperation with the first level 116a of the annual mobile, the training of the second level 116b of the annual mobile by the central wheel 120 and the training of the third level 106c by the third level 116c, allows to rotate the mobile months 106, the last day of the months of less than 31 days, respectively of 2/31 turns for the months of 30 days, of 3/31 turns for the months of 29 days and 4/31 turns for the months of 28 days.

Le mobile annuel 116 comprend encore un quatrième niveau 116d (figure 9). Ce quatrième niveau est dit niveau des jours et est divisé en douze secteurs 122, chacun comprenant 0, 2, ou 3 éléments d'entaînement respectivement pour les mois comprenant 28, 30 ou 31 jours.The annual mobile 116 further includes a fourth level 116d ( figure 9 ). This fourth level is called the day level and is divided into twelve sectors 122, each comprising 0, 2, or 3 training elements respectively for the months comprising 28, 30 or 31 days.

Dans une variante permettant de réaliser un calendrier semi-perpétuel, le secteur du mois de février est fixe. Dans une variante pour un calendrier perpétuel, tel que proposée au dessin, le niveau des jours comporte un deuxième moyen de correction bissextile. Ainsi, le secteur du mois de février est disposé sur un deuxième satellite 124, monté à rotation sur le quatrième niveau 116d. Ce deuxième satellite 124 comprend, régulièrement répartis, trois secteurs dépourvus de dents pour les mois de 28 jours et un secteur muni d'une dent pour un mois de 29 jours. Pour des questions d'encombrement et de géométire, on peut voir sur la figure 9 que les secteurs du deuxième satellite 124 portent un élément d'entraînement du mois de janvier. On reviendra ci-après sur la manière dont le deuxième satellite 124 est entraîné annuellement, pour tenir compte des années bissextiles et présenter à la périphérie du quatrième niveau 116d, le secteur ad-hoc.In a variant to achieve a semi-perpetual calendar, the sector of the month of February is fixed. In a variant for a perpetual calendar, as proposed in the drawing, the level of days comprises a second means of leap correction. Thus, the sector of the month of February is disposed on a second satellite 124, rotatably mounted on the fourth level 116d. This second satellite 124 comprises, regularly distributed, three sectors without teeth for the 28-day month and a sector with a tooth for a month of 29 days. For questions of space and geometry, we can see on the figure 9 that the sectors of the second satellite 124 carry a training element of the month of January. Reference will be made below to the manner in which the second satellite 124 is driven annually, to account for leap years, and to present on the periphery of the fourth level 116d the ad-hoc sector.

Le quatrième niveau 116d est destiné à être relié cinématiquement à l'organe d'affichage des jours de la semaine 12. Pour ce faire, le quatrième niveau 116d engrène avec le premier niveau d'un troisième renvoi 126, ce dernier comportant un deuxième niveau en prise avec un quatrième renvoi 128 qui entraîne une denture intérieure 130 (figure 5) que comporte le premier organe d'affichage 12 pour l'affichage du jour de la semaine. La chaîne cinématique formée par le premier renvoi 108 et le deuxième renvoi 110, est agencée pour entraîner le second organe d'affichage 16. La denture intérieure 130 comporte 63 dents et le premier organe d'affichage 12 est divisé angulairement en 63 portions, dont seules 9 sont colorées (1 toutes les 7 portions). Comme mentionné ci-dessus, elles sont visibles au travers des ouvertures de la première zone d'affichage 10, qui est divisée en 60 parties. La denture intérieure 130 et le premier organe d'affichage 12 sont entraînés de 3/63 tours les mois de 31 jours, de 2/63 tours les mois de 30 jours, de 1/63 tours les mois de 29 jours et n'est pas entraînée les mois de 28 jours, car il n'y a pas de décalage dans les jours de la semaine sur un mois de 28 jours.The fourth level 116d is intended to be kinematically connected to the display member of the days of week 12. To do this, the fourth level 116d meshes with the first level of a third reference 126, the latter comprising a second level engaged with a fourth reference 128 which causes an internal toothing 130 ( figure 5 ) that includes the first display member 12 for displaying the day of the week. The drive train formed by the first gear 108 and the second gear 110 is arranged to drive the second display member 16. The internal toothing 130 has 63 teeth and the first display member 12 is angularly divided into 63 portions, of which only 9 are colored (1 every 7 portions). As mentioned above, they are visible through the openings of the first display area 10, which is divided into 60 parts. The internal toothing 130 and the first display member 12 are driven 3/63 turns in 31-day months, 2/63 turns in 30-day months, 1/63 turns in 29-day months and is not not driven the months of 28 days because there is no lag in the days of the week over a 28-day month.

Pour leur entraînement en rotation, le premier satellite 118 et le deuxième satellite 124, portent chacun un pignon, respectivement 118a et 124a, agencés pour être reliés cinématiquement avec une denture fixe 125, concentrique au mobile annuel 116. Dans l'exemple, les pignons 118a et 124a sont chacun, respectivement en prise avec un renvoi 118b et 124b doté de deux niveaux. Les rapports d'entraînement sont prévus pour que les satellites effectuent un tour en quatre an. On notera que l'un des niveaux des renvois 118b et 124b sont conformés de manière à assurer le positionnement des satellites en prenant appui sur le pourtour de la zone de la denture fixe 125 dépourvue de denture.For their rotation drive, the first satellite 118 and the second satellite 124, each carry a pinion respectively 118a and 124a, arranged to be kinematically connected with a fixed toothing 125, concentric to the annual mobile 116. In the example, the pinions 118a and 124a are each respectively engaged with a two-level reference 118b and 124b. Training reports are provided for the satellites to perform one turn in four years. It should be noted that one of the levels of the references 118b and 124b are shaped so as to ensure the positioning of the satellites by bearing on the periphery of the zone of the fixed toothing 125 without teeth.

Le mobile annuel 116 comprend un cinquième niveau 116e doté de 6 éléments d'entraînement (figure 7) et agencé de manière à entraîner une denture intérieure 140 dotée de 66 éléments d'entraînement à raison de 1/132 ((1/11)/12) tour par mois, soit 1/11 tour par an. Cette denture intérieure 140 est en prise avec un pignon 142a d'un mobile de positionnement 142, doté de 12 éléments d'entraînement pour être entraîné à raison de 1/12 tour par an. Ce mobile de positionnement 142 comporte une planche dotée d'un chemin de came 144 (figure 10), formé par exemple par une rainure et destiné à positionner le bras mobile 30. Ce chemin de came 144 comporte 24 tronçons, les distances entre les centres desdits tronçons et l'axe de rotation du mobile de positionnement 142 correspondant à la durée des mois (mois de 28 jours : distance les plus courtes, mois de 31 jours : distance les plus longues, mois de 30 jours : distance intermédiaire). En fonction de la vitesse de rotation du mobile de positionnement, on aura 12xN tronçons sur le chemin de came, avec N qui défini l'ensemble des entiers naturels.The annual mobile 116 includes a fifth level 116e with 6 driving elements ( figure 7 ) and arranged to drive an internal toothing 140 with 66 drive elements at a rate of 1/132 ((1/11) / 12) turn per month, or 1/11 turn per year. This internal toothing 140 is engaged with a pinion 142a of a positioning wheel 142, equipped with 12 drive elements to be driven at a rate of 1/12 turn per year. This positioning mobile 142 comprises a board with a cam track 144 ( figure 10 ), formed for example by a groove and intended to position the movable arm 30. This cam path 144 comprises 24 sections, the distances between the centers of said sections and the axis of rotation of the positioning wheel 142 corresponding to the duration of the months (28-day month: shortest distance, 31-day month: longest distance, 30-day month: intermediate distance). Depending on the speed of rotation of the positioning wheel, we will have 12xN sections on the cam track, with N which defines the set of natural numbers.

Dans une variante permettant de réaliser un calendrier semi-perpétuel, les secteurs du mois de février sont fixes. Dans une variante pour un calendrier perpétuel, tel que proposée au dessin, le mobile de positionnement comporte un troisième moyen de correction bissextile. Ainsi, l'un des secteurs du mois de février est disposés sur un troisième satellite 132, monté à rotation sur la planche 145. En effet, seul le mois de février des années paires peut compter 29 jours. Pour son entraînement en rotation, le troisième satellite 132 porte un pignon 146 agencé pour coopérer avec une denture fixe 147 (figure 8). Le pignon 146 comporte 8 éléments d'entraînement et la denture fixe 147 en comporte 2, de sorte que le satellite effectue ¼ tour en deux ans. Le troisième satellite 132 porte donc quatre secteurs, dont deux diamétralement opposés définissent une portion du chemin de came correspondant à un mois de 28 jours et dont les deux autres définissent une portion du chemin de came correspondant à un mois de 29 jours.In a variant to achieve a semi-perpetual calendar, sectors of the month of February are fixed. In a variant for a perpetual calendar, as proposed in the drawing, the positioning wheel comprises a third leap correction means. Thus, one of the sectors of the month of February is disposed on a third satellite 132, rotatably mounted on the board 145. Indeed, only the February of even years can count 29 days. For its rotation drive, the third satellite 132 carries a pinion 146 arranged to cooperate with a fixed toothing 147 ( figure 8 ). The pinion 146 has 8 drive elements and the fixed toothing 147 has 2, so that the satellite performs ¼ turn in two years. The third satellite 132 thus has four sectors, two diametrically opposed define a portion of the cam path corresponding to a month of 28 days and the other two define a portion of the cam path corresponding to a month of 29 days.

On notera que le pignon 146 est conformé de manière à assurer le positionnement du troisième satellite 132 en prenant appui sur le pourtour de la zone de la denture fixe 147 dépourvue de denture.Note that the pinion 146 is shaped to ensure the positioning of the third satellite 132 by resting on the periphery of the fixed toothing area 147 without teeth.

Une bascule 150 est dotée, à une première extrémité, d'un ergot non visible au dessin et engagé dans le chemin de came 142. A une deuxième extrémité, la bascule 150 est munie d'une crémaillère 154 (figure 7) reliée cinématiquement avec des éléments d'entrainement solidaires du bras mobile 34, permettant de positionner ce dernier.A flip-flop 150 is provided, at a first end, with a lug not visible in the drawing and engaged in the cam path 142. At a second end, the flip-flop 150 is provided with a rack 154 ( figure 7 ) kinematically connected with drive elements integral with the movable arm 34, for positioning the latter.

La denture intérieure 140 est solidaire d'un anneau 160, qui est donc entraîné à raisson de 1/11 tour par an. Cet anneau est muni de 22 éléments d'entraînements, définissant 11 paires régulièrement réparties à la périphérie intérieure de l'anneau 160. Celui-ci est destiné à entraîner l'affichage de l'unité et de la dizaine d'année. Ces organes d'affichage de l'année sont reliés cinématiquement au mobile annuel par une troisième liaison cinématique, décrite ci-dessus.The internal toothing 140 is integral with a ring 160, which is therefore driven to raisson 1/11 turn per year. This ring is provided with 22 drive elements, defining 11 pairs evenly distributed to the inner periphery of the ring 160. This is intended to cause the display of the unit and the ten year. These display members of the year are kinematically connected to the annual mobile by a third kinematic link, described above.

L'anneau 160 est ainsi en prise avec un premier niveau d'un mobile 162, dont un deuxième niveau est agencé pour entraîner une roue 164 portant le quatrième organe d'affichage 28 pour l'affichage de l'unité de l'année (figure 7). Les rapports du mobile 162 et de la roue 164 sont déterminés de manière à ce que la roue 164 effectue un tour en 10ans. La roue 164 est solidaire d'un doigt 165 coopérant avec un renvoi 166, qui entraîne une roue supplémentaire 168 portant le cinquième organe d'affichage pour l'affichage de la dizaine d'année (figure 8). Les rapports de la roue 164, du renvoi 166 et de la roue supplémentaire 168 sont déterminés de manière à ce que la roue supplémentaire 168 effectue un tour en 100ans.The ring 160 is thus engaged with a first level of a mobile 162, a second level of which is arranged to drive a wheel 164 carrying the fourth display member 28 for displaying the unit of the year ( figure 7 ). The ratios of the mobile 162 and the wheel 164 are determined so that the wheel 164 performs a revolution in 10 years. The wheel 164 is secured to a finger 165 cooperating with a reference 166, which drives an additional wheel 168 carrying the fifth display member for displaying the ten year ( figure 8 ). The ratios of the wheel 164, the return 166 and the additional wheel 168 are determined so that the additional wheel 168 rotates in 100 years.

Ainsi est proposé un premier mode de réalisation d'un mécanisme de quantième tel que proposé dans les revendications. Nous allons maintenant décrire un deuxième mode de réalisation, en référence aux figures 11 à 26. Les références utilisées pour désigner les mobiles du deuxième mode de réalisation sont compris entre 200 et 399.Thus is proposed a first embodiment of a date mechanism as proposed in the claims. We will now describe a second embodiment, with reference to the Figures 11 to 26 . The references used to designate the mobiles of the second embodiment are between 200 and 399.

Dans ce deuxième mode de réalisation, les informations sont affichées différemment du premier. Ainsi, les jours de la semaine sont affichés au moyen d'une première zone en spirale 210, définie par une pluralité d'ouvertures disposées sur le cadran. Comme on le verra ci-après, les ouvertures sont également utilisées pour l'affichage du quantième, de sorte que la première zone en spirale 210 compte 31 ouvertures. Ces ouvertures sont, de préférence, disposées sur environ 360°.In this second embodiment, the information is displayed differently from the first. Thus, the days of the week are displayed by means of a first spiral zone 210, defined by a plurality of openings disposed on the dial. As will be seen below, the openings are also used for displaying the date, so that the first spiral zone 210 has 31 openings. These openings are preferably arranged over approximately 360 °.

Un premier organe d'affichage 212 est monté mobile sous le cadran et comporte des portions d'indication en forme d'arcs de cercle excentrique. Selon l'exemple, on a cinq arcs colorés excentriques, destinés à apparaître dans les ouvertures de la première zone en spirale 210. Les arcs sont agencés de manière à ce que les ouvertures de la première zone en spirale 210 qui ne laissent voir un arc coloré que dans la partie externe de l'ouverture (c'est-à-dire la plus éloignée du centre de l'organe d'affichage), correspondent à un jour particulier de la semaine, par exemple le dimanche. Chaque portion d'indication ne symbolise simultanément ledit jour particulier, au plus, que dans une seule ouverture. Si un arc coloré n'apparaît que dans la partie interne de l'ouverture, une telle portion d'indication ne symbolise pas, selon l'exemple, le dimanche, mais un autre jour, en l'occurrence, le samedi. Sur cette base, l'homme du métier peut choisir le jour de la semaine qu'il veut indiquer particulièrement.A first display member 212 is movably mounted under the dial and has indication portions in the form of eccentric circular arcs. According to the example, there are five eccentric colored arcs intended to appear in the openings of the first spiral zone 210. The arcs are arranged in such a way that the openings of the first spiral zone 210 which do not show an arc colored only in the outer part of the opening (that is to say farthest from the center of the display member), correspond to a particular day of the week, for example Sunday. Each indication portion simultaneously symbolizes said particular day, at most, only in a single opening. If a colored arc appears only in the inner part of the opening, such a portion of indication does not symbolize, according to the example, the Sunday, but another day, in this case, the Saturday. On this basis, the skilled person can choose the day of the week he wants to indicate particularly.

Avantageusement, l'indication du quantième est également réalisée au niveau de la première zone en spirale 210. Un second organe d'affichage 216 est monté mobile sous le cadran et comporte une banane colorée, de préférence d'une couleur différente des arcs ci-dessus, destinée également à apparaître au travers des 31 ouvertures de la première zone en spirale 210. La banane colorée est également orientée de manière non radiale, afin de n'être simultanément visible, au plus, que dans une seule ouverture pour indiquer le quantième du mois et également le jour de la semaine, en combinaison avec l'information fournie par les arcs colorés du premier organe d'affichage 212.Advantageously, the indication of the date is also made at the first spiral zone 210. A second display member 216 is mounted movably beneath the dial and comprises a colored banana, preferably of a color different from the arcs below. above, also intended to appear through the openings 31 of the first spiral zone 210. The colored banana is also oriented non-radially, so as to be visible simultaneously, at most, in a single opening to indicate the date of the month and also the day of the week, in combination with the information provided by the colored arcs of the first display member 212.

L'orientation excentrique des arcs colorés et de la banane colorée en référence aux ouvertures de la première zone en spirale 210 permet d'obtenir le même effet que celui réalisé par le montage excentrique des organes d'affichage 12 et 16 du premier mode de réalisation, c'est-à-dire de n'afficher qu'une partie des portions d'indication dans les ouvertures ad-hoc.The eccentric orientation of the colored arcs and the colored banana with reference to the openings of the first spiral zone 210 makes it possible to obtain the same effect as that achieved by the eccentric mounting of the display members 12 and 16 of the first embodiment. that is, to display only a portion of the indication portions in the ad-hoc openings.

Le mois de l'année est indiqué au moyen d'une première zone circulaire 220 définie par douze ouvertures réparties concentriquement au mécanisme. Un troisième organe d'affichage 222 est monté mobile sous le cadran et comporte, selon l'exemple, une portion d'indication destinée à apparaître au travers de l'une des ouvertures de la première zone circulaire 220. La portion d'indication n'est simultanément visible, au plus, que dans une seule ouverture, afin d'indiquer le mois en cours.The month of the year is indicated by means of a first circular zone 220 defined by twelve openings distributed concentrically with the mechanism. A third display member 222 is movably mounted under the dial and comprises, according to the example, an indication portion intended to appear through one of the openings of the first circular zone 220. The indication portion is simultaneously visible, at most, in only one opening, to indicate the current month.

Le cadran comporte encore une deuxième zone circulaire 224 disposée à sa périphérie. Dans l'exemple, cette zone circulaire comporte 60 ouvertures régulièrement réparties, pour décompter des années, de 0 à 60. Le mécanisme comporte un quatrième organe d'affichage 226 monté mobile sous le cadran et portant une portion d'indication qui n'est simultanément visible, au plus, que dans une seule ouverture, afin d'indiquer l'année en cours.The dial further comprises a second circular zone 224 disposed at its periphery. In the example, this circular zone comprises 60 regularly distributed openings, to count down years, from 0 to 60. The mechanism comprises a fourth display member 226 mounted mobile under the dial and carrying a portion of indication which is not simultaneously visible, at most, only in one opening, to indicate the current year.

Bien que l'affichage proposé permette, de manière avantageuse, de se passer totalement d'indication sous forme de chiffres ou de lettres, on notera que, pour des raisons de facilité de lecture, les ouvertures ou fentes ménagées dans le cadran peuvent être associées à un marquage spécifique, permettant au lecteur de mieux identifier l'information que ces ouvertures ou fentes représentent.Although the display proposed advantageously makes it possible to completely omit any indication in the form of numbers or letters, it should be noted that, for reasons of ease of reading, the openings or slots in the dial can be associated with to a specific marking, allowing the reader to better identify the information that these openings or slots represent.

Pour l'entraînement de ces différents éléments, le mécanisme de quantième tel qu'illustré comprend un mobile moteur 300 destiné à être entraîné à raison de deux tours par jour, mieux visible sur la figure 15. Ce mobile moteur 300 comprend 4 éléments d'entraînement, destinés à coopérer avec un premier niveau 302a d'un premier mobile 302, ce premier niveau 302a comportant 8 éléments d'entraînement de manière à être entraîné à raison de 1 tour par jour. Le premier mobile 302 porte également un deuxième niveau 302b, mieux visible sur la figure 16 et doté d'un seul élément d'entraînement.For the training of these various elements, the date mechanism as illustrated comprises a motive wheel 300 intended to be driven at a rate of two revolutions per day, better visible on the figure 15 . This mobile motor 300 comprises 4 drive elements, intended to cooperate with a first level 302a of a first mobile 302, the first level 302a comprising 8 drive elements so as to be driven at a rate of 1 turn per day. The first mobile 302 also carries a second level 302b, better visible on the figure 16 and has a single drive element.

Le deuxième niveau 302b est agencé de manière à coopérer avec un premier niveau 306a d'un mobile des mois 306 doté de 31 éléments d'entraînement. Ce mobile des mois 306 est donc relié cinématiquement par une première liaison cinématique au mobile moteur 300 pour être entraîné par le mobile moteur 300, c'est-à-dire indépendammnet des corrections appliquées en fin de mois, à raison de 1/31 tour par jour.The second level 302b is arranged to cooperate with a first level 306a of a month mobile 306 with 31 drive elements. This mobile 306 months is kinematically connected by a first kinematic link to the motor 300 to be driven by the motor 300, that is to say independent of corrections applied at the end of the month, at the rate of 1/31 turn per day.

Le mobile des mois 306 est solidaire du second organe d'affichage 216 destiné à afficher le quantième en cours.The mobile 306 months is secured to the second display member 216 for displaying the current calendar.

Le mobile des mois 306 porte un deuxième niveau 306b mieux visible sur la figure 17 et doté de 3 éléments d'entraînement, juxtaposés à la périphérie du deuxième niveau 306b. Ces éléments d'entraînement sont agencés de manière à coopérer, à la fin d'un mois, avec un pignon 308 doté de 6 éléments d'entraînement et effectuant ½ tour par mois. Ce pignon 308 est solidaire d'une planche 310 dotée de 2 éléments d'entraînement diamétralement opposés et agencés pour coopérer avec un premier niveau 312a d'un mobile annuel 312 (figure 18). Dans ce mode de réalisation, le mobile des mois 306 et le mobile annuel 312 sont coaxiaux. Le premier niveau 312a comporte 12 éléments d'entraînement, de type croix de Malte, et est destinée à être entraînée à raison de 1/12 tour par mois par une deuxième liaison cinématique le reliant au mobile des mois.The mobile of the month 306 carries a second level 306b better visible on the figure 17 and provided with 3 drive elements, juxtaposed at the periphery of the second level 306b. These training elements are arranged to cooperate, at the end of a month, with a pinion 308 with 6 drive elements and performing ½ turn per month. This pinion 308 is integral with a board 310 provided with 2 diametrically opposed drive elements and arranged to cooperate with a first level 312a of an annual mobile 312 ( figure 18 ). In this embodiment, the month mobile 306 and the annual mobile 312 are coaxial. The first level 312a comprises 12 drive elements, of the Maltese cross type, and is intended to be driven at a rate of 1/12 turn per month by a second kinematic link connecting it to the mobile months.

Le mobile annuel 312 comporte un deuxième niveau 312b (figure 19) défini comme étant un niveau de la durée des mois. Il comporte 5 bosses arrangées en saillie à la périphérie et dans le plan du deuxième niveau 312b, chacune étant associée à un mois de moins de 31 jours. Le sommet des bosses présente une portion sensiblement concentrique au niveau 312b, dont la longueur de l'arc varie en fonction de la durée du mois auquel elle est associée. Ainsi, le sommet de la bosse du mois de février est plus long, les sommets de la bosse des mois de 30 jours étant plus courts. Les mois de 31 jours sont associés à une portion du deuxième niveau 312b dépourvue de bosse.The annual mobile 312 has a second level 312b ( figure 19 ) defined as a level of the duration of the months. It has 5 raised protruding bumps on the periphery and in the plane of the second level 312b, each associated with a month of less than 31 days. The vertex of the bumps has a substantially concentric portion at the level 312b, the length of the arc of which varies according to the duration of the month with which it is associated. Thus, the peak of the February hump is longer, the peaks of the 30-day month hump being shorter. The 31-day months are associated with a portion of the second level 312b without a hump.

Dans une variante permettant de réaliser un calendrier semi-perpétuel, la bosse du mois de février est fixe. Dans une variante pour un calendrier perpétuel, tel que proposée au dessin, le niveau de la durée des mois comporte un premier moyen de correction bissextile. Ainsi, la longueur du sommet de la bosse du mois de février est susceptible de varier. Pour ce faire, une partie du sommet de la bosse de février est fixe. Cette partie fixe est prolongée par une partie mobile disposée sur un premier satellite 318, monté à rotation sur le deuxième niveau 312b. Ce premier satellite 318 comprend, régulièrement réparties, quatre portions susceptibles de prolonger, plus ou moins (voire pas du tout, selon le dimensionnement des portions) la partie fixe. Trois de ces portions présentent une longueur destinée à correspondre à un mois de 28 jours et la quatrième portion, plus courte que les trois autres, présente une longueur destinée à correspondre à un mois de 29 jours. Pour son entraînement annuel, le premier satellite 318 est solidaire d'un pignon 318b (figure 16) doté de 8 éléments d'entraînements, agencés pour coopérer avec une denture fixe 319 située sur l'axe du mobile annuel 312 et dotée de deux éléments d'entraînement, de sorte que le premier satellite 318 effectue ¼ tour par an pour tenir compte des années bissextiles et présenter à la périphérie du deuxième niveau 312b, une bosse dont la longueur est adaptée.In a variant for making a semi-perpetual calendar, the bump of the month of February is fixed. In a variant for a perpetual calendar, as proposed in the drawing, the level of the duration of the months comprises a first leap correction means. Thus, the length of the February hump is likely to vary. To do this, part of the top of February's hump is fixed. This fixed portion is extended by a movable portion disposed on a first satellite 318, rotatably mounted on the second level 312b. This first satellite 318 includes, regularly distributed, four portions likely to extend, more or less (or not at all, depending on the size of the portions) the fixed part. Three of these portions have a length to correspond to a month of 28 days and the fourth portion, shorter than the other three, has a length to correspond to a month of 29 days. For its annual training, the first satellite 318 is secured to a pinion 318b ( figure 16 ) equipped with 8 drive elements, arranged to cooperate with a fixed toothing 319 located on the axis of the annual mobile 312 and provided with two drive elements, so that the first satellite 318 performs ¼ turn per year to account leap years and present at the periphery of the second level 312b, a bump whose length is adapted.

Le mobile des mois 306 comporte un troisième niveau 306c (figure 20) situé à la même hauteur que le deuxième niveau 312b du mobile annuel 312.. Le troisième niveau 306c comporte 3 dents 307 libres radialement sur une certaine distance. Ces dents peuvent être agencées de manière à être appuyées, élastiquement contre les bosses du deuxième niveau 312b du mobile annuel 312.The mobile of the month 306 has a third level 306c ( figure 20 ) located at the same height as the second level 312b of the annual mobile 312 .. The third level 306c has 3 teeth 307 free radially over a distance. These teeth can be arranged to be supported, elastically against the bumps of the second level 312b of the annual mobile 312.

Ainsi, selon la longueur de la bosse du deuxième niveau 312b sur laquelle la ou les dents libres du troisième niveau 306c sont appuyées, une, deux ou trois dents 307 seront situées sur une bosse en position "sortie", tandis que les dents non appuyées sur une bosse seront en position "rentrée". Les dents 307 sorties sont situées dans la course d'un troisième niveau 302c du mobile 302. Ce troisième niveau 302c comporte trois éléments d'entraînement et est entraîné à raison de 1tr par jour. Ainsi, le mobile des mois 306 est entraîné, le dernier jour des mois de moins de 31 jours, de 2/31 tour pour un mois de 30 jours, de 3/31 tour pour un mois de 29 jours et de 4/31 tour pour un mois de 28 jours.Thus, depending on the length of the hump of the second level 312b on which the free tooth or teeth of the third level 306c are supported, one, two or three teeth 307 will be located on a boss in the "out" position, while the unsupported teeth on a bump will be in "retracted" position. The teeth 307 outputs are located in the course of a third level 302c of the mobile 302. This third level 302c has three drive elements and is driven at a rate of 1tr per day. Thus, the mobile of the month 306 is driven, the last day of the months of less than 31 days, of 2/31 turn for a month of 30 days, of 3/31 turn for a month of 29 days and of 4/31 turn for a month of 28 days.

Le mobile annuel 312 comporte un troisième niveau 312c (fig. 21) dit niveau des jours. Ce troisième niveau 312c est divisé en douze secteurs 322, chacun comprenant 0, 2, ou 3 éléments d'entraînement respectivement pour les mois comprenant 28, 30 ou 31 jours.The annual mobile 312 has a third level 312c ( Fig. 21 ) says level of days. This third level 312c is divided into twelve sectors 322, each comprising 0, 2, or 3 training elements respectively for the months comprising 28, 30 or 31 days.

Dans une variante permettant de réaliser un calendrier semi-perpétuel, le secteur du mois de février est fixe. Dans une variante pour un calendrier perpétuel, tel que proposée au dessin (figure 22), le niveau des jours comprend un deuxième moyen de correction bissextile. Ainsi, le secteur du mois de février comporte une pièce mobile tangientiellement. En l'espèce, le mode de réalisation décrit propose une dent mobile 314, lui permettant de présenter 0 ou 1 dent, respectivement pour les mois de 28 jours et de 29 jours. Cette dent mobile 314 est disposée sur un quatrième niveau 312d du mobile annuel, qui est donc entraîné en rotation solidairement au troisième niveau 312c et qui est libre tangentiellement sur un angle égal au pas angulaire de la denture du troisième niveau 312c. Le quatrième niveau 312d présente une forme générale en portion de disque, avec deux flancs inclinés 316 de direction essentiellement radiale.In a variant to achieve a semi-perpetual calendar, the sector of the month of February is fixed. In a variant for a perpetual calendar, as proposed in the drawing ( figure 22 ), the day level includes a second leap correction means. Thus, the sector of the month of February includes a moving part tangentially. In this case, the described embodiment proposes a movable tooth 314, allowing it to present 0 or 1 tooth, respectively for the months of 28 days and 29 days. This movable tooth 314 is disposed on a fourth level 312d of the annual mobile, which is thus rotated integrally with the third level 312c and which is free tangentially at an angle equal to the angular pitch of the toothing of the third level 312c. The fourth level 312d has a generally disk-like shape, with two inclined flanks 316 of essentially radial direction.

Pour positionner le quatrième niveau 312d, le troisième niveau 312c porte un premier satellite 324a et un deuxième satellite 324b, comportant chacun 8 éléments d'entraînement, de préférence formées par des dents, et dont une sur deux correspond à la durée plus ou moins longue du mois de février. Pour le premier satellite 324a, il présente une dent plus longue pour les mois de 28 jours et une dent plus courte pour les mois de 29 jours. Pour le deuxième satellite 324b, c'est l'inverse, il présente une dent plus courte pour les mois de 28 jours et une dent plus longue pour les mois de 29 jours. Les premier 324a et deuxième 324b satellites sont agencés pour coopérer avec une denture fixe 326 comprenant 6 éléments d'entraînement, située au centre du quatrième niveau 312d, de sorte que les satellites 324a et 324b sont entraînés à raison de ¾ tour par an. Les premier 324a et deuxième 324b satellites sont positionnés de manière à ce que leurs dents dont la longueur correspond à la longueur du mois de février, soient appuyées sur l'un des flancs inclinés 316 du quatrième niveau 312d.To position the fourth level 312d, the third level 312c carries a first satellite 324a and a second satellite 324b, each having 8 driving elements, preferably formed by teeth, and one out of two corresponds to the longer or shorter duration of the month of February. For the first 324a satellite, it has a longer tooth for months of 28 days and a shorter tooth for months of 29 days. For the second 324b satellite, it is the opposite, it has a shorter tooth for the 28-day month and a longer tooth for the 29-day month. The first 324a and second 324b satellites are arranged to cooperate with a fixed toothing 326 comprising 6 drive elements, located in the center of the fourth level 312d, so that the satellites 324a and 324b are driven at a rate of ¾ turn per year. The first 324a and second 324b satellites are positioned so that their teeth whose length corresponds to the length of February, are supported on one of the inclined flanks 316 of the fourth level 312d.

Ainsi, pour les mois de février de 28 jours, les flancs inclinés 316 du quatrième niveau 312d sont respectivement appuyés sur une dent longue du premier satellite 324a et sur une dent courte du deuxième satellite 324b, la dent mobile est alors cachée par la denture du troisième niveau 312c. Pour les mois de 29 jours, les flancs inclinés 316 du quatrième niveau 312d sont respectivement appuyés sur une dent courte du premier satellite 324a et sur une dent longue du deuxième satellite 324b, la dent mobile est alors apparente, active et complète le secteur de février du troisième niveau 312c.Thus, for February 28 days, the inclined flanks 316 of the fourth level 312d are respectively supported on a long tooth of the first satellite 324a and on a short tooth of the second satellite 324b, the movable tooth is then hidden by the teeth of the third level 312c. For in the 29-day months, the inclined flanks 316 of the fourth level 312d are respectively supported on a short tooth of the first satellite 324a and on a long tooth of the second satellite 324b, the movable tooth is then apparent, active and complete the February sector of the third level 312c.

Le troisième niveau 312c et, le cas échéant, le quatrième niveau 312d, sont agencés de manière à coopérer avec un premier niveau 327a d'un mobile 327. Ce premier niveau 327a comprend 6 éléments d'entraînement, de sorte qu'il est entraîné de 3/6 tour, de 2/6 tour, de 1/6 tour, ou pas entraîné, en fonction du nombre de dents présenté par le troisième niveau 312c et le quatrième niveau 312d.The third level 312c and, if appropriate, the fourth level 312d, are arranged to cooperate with a first level 327a of a mobile 327. This first level 327a comprises 6 drive elements, so that it is driven 3/6 turn, 2/6 turn, 1/6 turn, or not driven, depending on the number of teeth presented by the third level 312c and the fourth level 312d.

Le mobile 327 comporte un second niveau 327b, solidaire en rotation du premier niveau 327a et doté de douze éléments d'entraînement. Il est en prise avec un anneau 328 muni d'une denture intérieure de 62 dents, que comporte le premier organe d'affichage 212 qui permet d'afficher un jour particulier de la semaine. Ainsi, en fin de mois, l'anneau 328 et le premier organe d'affichage 212 sont entraînés de 3/31 tour les mois de 31 jours, de 2/31 tour les mois de 30 jours, de 1/31 tour les mois de 29 jours et ne sont pas entraînés les mois de 28 jours, car il n'y a pas de décalage dans les jours de la semaine sur un mois de 28 jours.The mobile 327 comprises a second level 327b, rotatably connected to the first level 327a and provided with twelve drive elements. It is engaged with a ring 328 provided with an internal toothing of 62 teeth, which includes the first display member 212 which displays a particular day of the week. Thus, at the end of the month, the ring 328 and the first display member 212 are driven 3/31 turn the months of 31 days, 2/31 turn the months of 30 days, 1/31 turn the months of 29 days and are not driven 28 days, because there is no shift in the days of the week in a month of 28 days.

Le mobile annuel 312 comporte un cinquième niveau 312e, doté d'un élément d'entraînement (figure 23). Ce dernier est agencé de manière à entraîner, via une troisième liaison cinématique ad-hoc, et à raison de 1/60 tour par an, un deuxième anneau 330, doté d'une denture intérieure de 60 dents. Cet anneau 330 porte le quatrième organe d'affichage 226 pour l'affichage des années. Dans l'exemple, la liaison cinématique comprend un premier renvoi 332 (figure 24) dont un premier niveau est doté de quatre éléments d'entraînement prévus pour coopérer avec le cinquième niveau 312e, pour être entraîné à raison de ¼ tour par an. Ce premier renvoi 332 comprend également un deuxième niveau doté également de quatre éléments d'entraînements prévus pour coopérer avec un deuxième renvoi 334, doté de 10 éléments d'entraînements et coopérant, d'une part, avec le deuxième niveau du premier renvoi 332, de manière à être entraîné à raison de 1/10 tour par an et, d'autre part, avec la denture intérieure du deuxième anneau 330.The annual mobile 312 comprises a fifth level 312e, provided with a driving element ( figure 23 ). The latter is arranged so as to drive, via a third ad-hoc kinematic link, and at a rate of 1/60 turn per year, a second ring 330, with an internal toothing of 60 teeth. This ring 330 carries the fourth display member 226 for displaying the years. In the example, the kinematic linkage comprises a first reference 332 ( figure 24 ) of which a first level is provided with four drive elements provided to cooperate with the fifth level 312e, to be driven at a rate of ¼ turn per year. This first reference 332 also comprises a second level also provided with four drive elements designed to cooperate with a second reference 334, provided with 10 drive elements and cooperating, on the one hand, with the second level of the first reference 332, in order to be trained with reason 1/10 turn per year and, secondly, with the internal toothing of the second ring 330.

De manière avantageuse, on notera que, dans ce mode de réalisation, les mobiles des mois 306 et annuel 312 sont coaxiaux et disposés au centre du mécanisme.Advantageously, it will be noted that, in this embodiment, the mobiles of the months 306 and 312 are coaxial and arranged at the center of the mechanism.

Les exemples ci-dessus ont été donnés à titre d'illustration non limitative de l'invention. Notamment, l'homme du métier pourra adapter sur l'un ou l'autre des modes de réalisation, les moyens de correction bissextile proposés pour tenir compte des années bissextiles. De même, on pourra mettre en oeuvre une pièce mobile tangentiellement, également au niveau du mobile de positionnement, pour faire varier les tronçons du chemin de came.The above examples have been given by way of non-limiting illustration of the invention. In particular, the skilled person can adapt on one or other of the embodiments, the leap correction means proposed to account for leap years. Similarly, it will be possible to implement a moving part tangentially, also at the level of the positioning mobile, to vary the sections of the cam path.

Claims (20)

  1. A date mechanism comprising:
    - a driving wheel (100, 300),
    - a months wheel (106, 306) kinematically connected by a first kinematic link to the driving wheel so as to be driven at a rate of 1/31 revolution per day by said driving wheel, said months wheel carrying or driving a date display mechanism,
    - a year wheel (116, 312) kinematically connected to the months wheel by a second kinematic link and arranged to be driven at a rate of 1/12 revolutions per month by the second kinematic link and optionally by an additional kinematic link, said year wheel including:
    o a duration of the months level, provided with elements whereof a determined dimension varies based on the duration of the months with which said elements are respectively associated, said duration of the months level including driving elements that participate in retransmitting, to the months wheel, an additional correction movement at the end of months with fewer than 31 days, said retransmission depending on the dimension of said elements, such that said months wheel (106, 306) is driven, on the last day of a month, by 1/31 revolution for a month with 31 days, by 2/31 revolutions for a month with 30 days and 4/31 revolutions for a month with 28 days,
    characterized in that it further comprises:
    - a days level divided into twelve sectors, each comprising 0, 2 or 3 drive elements for the months comprising 28, 30 or 31 days, respectively, intended to be kinematically connected to an organ for displaying the day of the week so as to drive it at a rate of 3 steps at the end of months with 31 days, 2 steps at the end of months with 30 days and 0 steps at the end of months with 28 days,
    said year wheel (116, 312) carrying or driving a month display organ (22, 222) and further being kinematically connected by a third kinematic link to a year display organ (28, 30; 226).
  2. The date mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that said duration of the months level includes a first leap year correction means arranged such that the determined dimension of the element corresponding to the month of February can vary and in that the days level includes a second bissextile correction means arranged such that the sector of said days level corresponding to the month of February has a number of driving elements that may vary, so as to account for leap years.
  3. The date mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said determined dimension is the radial length of the elements with which the duration of the months level is provided.
  4. The date mechanism according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that said determined dimension is the length of the arc defined by the elements with which the duration of the months level is provided.
  5. The date mechanism according to claim 2 and one of claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the first and/or second leap year correction means includes a planetary wheel arranged so as to modify the determined dimension or, respectively, the number of driving elements.
  6. The date mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that the first and/or second leap year correction means include a second planetary wheel, said planetary wheels being arranged so as, in coordination, to cooperate with a tangentially movable piece, said tangentially movable piece being able to move, based on the position of the planetary wheels, between a position in which it defines a first value of the determined dimension or, respectively, the number of driving elements, and a position in which it defines a second value of the determined dimension or, respectively, the number of driving elements.
  7. The date mechanism according to claim 5 combined with claim 3, characterized in that the planetary wheel of the first leap year correction means of the duration of the months level is arranged so as to have, at the periphery of the duration of the months level, a tooth corresponding to the month of February with an appropriate radial length.
  8. The date mechanism according to claim 5 combined with claim 4, in which the duration of the months level includes 5 bosses, each being associated with a month with fewer than 31 days, characterized in that said determined dimension is the length of the arc defined by the apexes of the bosses, and
    characterized in that the planetary wheel of the first bissextile correction means of the duration of the months level is arranged so as to have, at the periphery of the duration of the months level, a dent corresponding to the month of February whereof the apex has an appropriate length.
  9. The mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that the planetary wheel of the second leap year correction means is arranged so as to have 0 or 1 driving elements at the periphery of the days level to form the sector corresponding to the month of February.
  10. The mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that the tangentially movable piece is arranged on the days level and is arranged so as to have 0 or 1 driving elements at the periphery of the days level to form the sector corresponding to the month of February.
  11. The date mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it includes a duration of the months display organ comprising a lever (150) guided in a cam track carried by a positioning wheel, said cam track (144) including 12xN segments, the distances between the centers of said segments and the axis of rotation of the positioning wheel (142) corresponding to the duration of the months.
  12. The date mechanism according to claim 11, characterized in that the positioning wheel includes at least one third leap year correction means arranged such that the distance between the center of a segment corresponding to the month of February and the rotation axis of said positioning wheel is able to vary, so as to account for leap years.
  13. The date mechanism according to claim 12, characterized in that the third leap year correction means comprises a third planetary wheel (132) arranged so as to modify the distance between the center of a segment corresponding to the month of February and the rotation axis of said positioning wheel.
  14. The date mechanism according to claim 13, characterized in that the third bissextile correction means includes a fourth planetary wheel, said third and fourth planetary wheels being arranged so as, in coordination, to cooperate with a tangentially movable piece, said tangentially movable piece being able to move, in function of the position of the third and fourth planetary wheels, between a position in which it defines a first distance between the center of the segment corresponding to the month of February and the rotation axis of said positioning wheel, and a position in which it defines a second distance between the center of the segment corresponding to the month of February and the rotation axis of said positioning wheel.
  15. The date mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said driving wheel is intended to be driven at a rate of two revolutions per day.
  16. The date mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one display organ provided with at least one indicating portion intended to appear through at least one display zone, and in that said display organ and the display zone are eccentric relative to one another such that only part of the indicating portions is visible in the display zone.
  17. The date mechanism according to claim 16, characterized in that it comprises a day of the week display organ mounted eccentrically relative to a first display zone in the shape of an arc of circle defined by a series of openings, and a date display organ mounted eccentrically relative to a second display zone in the shape of an arc of a circle, the indication of the day of the week being given by the combination of the date display organ and the day of the week display organ and the corresponding openings.
  18. The date mechanism according to claim 17, characterized in that the date display organ is provided with two indicating portions and the second display zone comprises 31 openings, and in that the day of the week display organ is provided with 9 indicating portions and the first display zone comprises 31 openings.
  19. The date mechanism according to claim 16, characterized in that it comprises a day of the week display organ provided with indicating portions in the shape of eccentric arcs of circles intended to appear through openings defining a spiral, and a date display organ provided with a banana-shaped indicating portion intended to appear through said openings, the indication of the day of the week being given by the combination of the date display organ and the day of the week display organ and the corresponding openings.
  20. The date mechanism according to claim 19, characterized in that the date display organ is provided with an indicating portion and the spiral is defined by 31 openings, and in that the day of the week display organ is provided with 5 indicating portions.
EP13177674.2A 2012-09-28 2013-07-23 Date mechanism Not-in-force EP2713226B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH01753/12A CH707014B1 (en) 2012-09-28 2012-09-28 Date mechanism.

Publications (4)

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EP2713226A2 EP2713226A2 (en) 2014-04-02
EP2713226A8 EP2713226A8 (en) 2014-05-28
EP2713226A3 EP2713226A3 (en) 2015-08-12
EP2713226B1 true EP2713226B1 (en) 2016-11-02

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13177674.2A Not-in-force EP2713226B1 (en) 2012-09-28 2013-07-23 Date mechanism

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EP (1) EP2713226B1 (en)
CH (1) CH707014B1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106842885B (en) * 2015-12-04 2018-11-09 天津海鸥表业集团有限公司 Modularized multifunctional display mechanism
CH715119A1 (en) * 2018-06-22 2019-12-30 Montblanc Montre Sa Perpetual calendar mechanism for a timepiece.
EP3654112A1 (en) * 2018-11-14 2020-05-20 Tissot S.A. System for analogue display of information for a watch
EP4296791A1 (en) * 2022-06-20 2023-12-27 Montres Breguet S.A. Device for displaying a calendar

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1240559B1 (en) 1999-12-24 2005-08-31 Belpanoram AG Annual, perpetual or centennial calendar mechanism
DE60230113D1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2009-01-15 Manuf Et Fabrique De Montres E Clock with perpetual calendar

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Publication number Publication date
CH707014A2 (en) 2014-03-31
EP2713226A2 (en) 2014-04-02
CH707014B1 (en) 2017-03-15
EP2713226A3 (en) 2015-08-12
EP2713226A8 (en) 2014-05-28

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