EP2710321B1 - Hand-operated handgun or automatic grenade launcher - Google Patents

Hand-operated handgun or automatic grenade launcher Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2710321B1
EP2710321B1 EP12721255.3A EP12721255A EP2710321B1 EP 2710321 B1 EP2710321 B1 EP 2710321B1 EP 12721255 A EP12721255 A EP 12721255A EP 2710321 B1 EP2710321 B1 EP 2710321B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydraulic cylinder
weapon barrel
handgun
piston
cylinder
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP12721255.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2710321A1 (en
Inventor
Ralf-Joachim Herrmann
Heiner Schmees
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Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
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Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
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Priority to SI201231978T priority Critical patent/SI2710321T1/en
Priority to HRP20220167TT priority patent/HRP20220167T1/en
Priority to PL12721255T priority patent/PL2710321T3/en
Publication of EP2710321A1 publication Critical patent/EP2710321A1/en
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Publication of EP2710321B1 publication Critical patent/EP2710321B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A25/00—Gun mountings permitting recoil or return to battery, e.g. gun cradles; Barrel buffers or brakes
    • F41A25/02—Fluid-operated systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A25/00—Gun mountings permitting recoil or return to battery, e.g. gun cradles; Barrel buffers or brakes
    • F41A25/10—Spring-operated systems
    • F41A25/12—Spring-operated systems using coil springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A25/00—Gun mountings permitting recoil or return to battery, e.g. gun cradles; Barrel buffers or brakes
    • F41A25/16—Hybrid systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A25/00—Gun mountings permitting recoil or return to battery, e.g. gun cradles; Barrel buffers or brakes
    • F41A25/16—Hybrid systems
    • F41A25/18—Hydroelastic systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hand-operated or an automatic handgun with a small- or medium-caliber weapon barrel and a barrel carrier receiving the barrel.
  • the mount must be made more stable and heavier than when using ammunition for which the firearm was originally designed.
  • the gun barrel carrier and the gun barrel are usually elastically connected to one another by a return and retrieval device in order to reduce recoil.
  • a return and retrieval device in order to reduce recoil.
  • a spring and a damping element are used as the return and retrieval device (see, for example: Rheinmetall, "Weapons Technology Taschenbuch ", 7th edition 1985, pages 266 ff ).
  • the return energy minus the friction is stored in the spring and released again as forward energy.
  • the return path of the weapon barrel depends linearly on the recoil energy. When ammunition with different impulses is fired, the return path is also influenced and functional problems of the firearm may occur under certain circumstances.
  • a hydraulic return brake as a return device for the weapon barrel in large-caliber firearms (artillery weapons), which comprises at least one hydraulic cylinder with a piston with a piston rod axially displaceable therein, the hydraulic cylinder being connected to the weapon carrier and the piston rod to the base of the weapon barrel.
  • the piston is displaced by the return movement of the weapon barrel and the hydraulic fluid located in front of the piston is pressed through a narrow flow cross-section into a cylinder space located behind the piston.
  • the projectile pulse given by the mass and speed which is transmitted to the weapon in a very short phase of projectile acceleration, can be stretched over time. Since the return energy is converted into heat when it is returned, an additional attenuator is superfluous.
  • the braking force of the hydraulic return brake depends on the square of the return speed, so that the return path changes only insignificantly for ammunition types with different recoil energies.
  • the U.S. 4,388,855 A discloses a handgun having a pneumatic slide retarder for retarding movement of a movable slide moved in response to a shot.
  • the relative movement between the weapon parts is not generated specifically in order to reduce the recoil force, but is required for the weapon function as such.
  • the DE 23 00 909 A1 discloses a device for multi-stage, hydraulic-mechanical braking of the forward movement of the displaceable barrel of an automatic firearm, with a hydraulic brake which has a cylinder in which a brake piston with check valves is arranged.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a handgun of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the maximum recoil force is lower than in comparable known handguns.
  • the invention is essentially based on the idea of connecting the weapon barrel and the weapon barrel carrier to one another via a hydraulic return brake and a retraction device, even in the case of a manually operated or automatic handgun with a small or medium-caliber weapon barrel, the return brake having at least one hydraulic cylinder with an axially displaceable therein Includes piston with piston rod.
  • the return brake having at least one hydraulic cylinder with an axially displaceable therein Includes piston with piston rod.
  • the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder has at least one axial passage for the continuous connection of a cylinder space of the hydraulic cylinder in front of the piston with the cylinder space behind the piston.
  • the axial passage can preferably be at least one control groove located in the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder is formed by a control bushing which is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder in a form-fitting manner and in which the respective control groove is located.
  • the respective control groove can have a contour such that the braking force is essentially constant along the return path of the weapon barrel remain.
  • the retraction device of the handgun is formed by a cylinder spring (retraction spring) which extends in the longitudinal direction of the hydraulic cylinder and surrounds the piston rod, the first end of which is located on the front inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder and is supported with its opposite, second end on the piston.
  • a cylinder spring retract spring
  • a handgun is thus specified in which the maximum recoil force is reduced to a level that is tolerable for the shooter, even with higher projectile pulses, and the mount can be lighter when mounted than with comparable known firearms, so that, for example, the firing precision is improved in the case of bursts of fire.
  • Fig. 1 1 denotes a handgun, which is, for example, an automatic grenade launcher.
  • the grenade launcher 1 comprises a medium-caliber weapon barrel 2 with a caliber of 40 mm, for example, and a breech 3 arranged on the rear of the weapon barrel 2.
  • the weapon barrel 2 is connected to a weapon barrel carrier 4 (which can be a housing, for example) via a reverse brake 5.
  • the weapon barrel carrier 4 has a return guide 6 along which the weapon barrel 2 is arranged so as to be axially displaceable.
  • the return brake 5 comprises a hydraulic cylinder 7 ( Fig. 2 ) with an axially displaceable piston 8 with piston rod 9 in relation to the hydraulic cylinder 7.
  • the inner wall 11 of the hydraulic cylinder 7 is formed by a control bushing 12 arranged in a form-fitting manner in the hydraulic cylinder 7, in which there are four control grooves 13 which are evenly distributed over the circumference and extend in the longitudinal direction of the hydraulic cylinder 7.
  • the control grooves 13 form an axial passage for the hydraulic fluid in such a way that it can pass from a cylinder space 14 of the hydraulic cylinder 7 in front of the piston 8 into a cylinder space 15 behind the piston 8 (and vice versa).
  • the control grooves 13 each have a conically tapering contour ( Fig. 3 ), which is selected such that the braking force of the return brake 5 remains essentially constant along the return path of the weapon barrel.
  • the recoil device is also located in the return brake 5 and is formed by a cylinder spring (recoil spring) 16 which extends in the longitudinal direction of the hydraulic cylinder 7 and encloses the piston rod 9 and which has its first end 17 on the front inner wall 18 of the hydraulic cylinder 7 and is supported with its opposite, second end 19 on the piston 8.
  • a cylinder spring (recoil spring) 16 which extends in the longitudinal direction of the hydraulic cylinder 7 and encloses the piston rod 9 and which has its first end 17 on the front inner wall 18 of the hydraulic cylinder 7 and is supported with its opposite, second end 19 on the piston 8.
  • the return pulse is transmitted within a very short time to the return mass consisting essentially of the weapon barrel 2, breech 3 and hydraulic cylinder 7. This is accelerated against the firing direction. A large part of the hydraulic fluid is now pressed through the control grooves 13 from the cylinder chamber 14 into the cylinder chamber 15, whereby a braking effect is exerted on the return mass.
  • the conically tapering contour of the control grooves 13 results in an almost constant braking force along the return path of the weapon barrel, which is less than the gas force of the ammunition on the breech 3.
  • the return spring 16 arranged in the hydraulic cylinder 7 is tensioned at the same time, which the weapon barrel 2 then returns to pushes back its starting position.
  • the invention is of course not limited to the illustrated embodiment.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 7 can alternatively also be connected to the weapon barrel carrier 4 and the piston rod 9 to the weapon barrel 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine handbetätigbare oder eine automatische Handfeuerwaffe mit einem klein- oder mittelkalibrigen Waffenrohr und einem das Waffenrohr aufnehmenden Waffenrohrträger.The invention relates to a hand-operated or an automatic handgun with a small- or medium-caliber weapon barrel and a barrel carrier receiving the barrel.

Bei Schusswaffen mit klein- oder mittelkalibrigen Waffenrohren, insbesondere Infanteriewaffen, bei denen der Waffenrohrträger starr mit dem Waffenrohr verbunden ist (Faustfeuerwaffen, Handfeuerwaffen, leichte automatische Waffen etc.), sind die beim Schuss auftretenden Rückstoßkräfte eine die Handhabung der Schusswaffe stark limitierende Größe, da üblicherweise der Schütze selbst die Lafettenfunktion (Lagerung der Waffe) übernimmt. Geschosse, die eine gegenüber herkömmlichen Geschossen höhere Fluggeschwindigkeit zwecks Reichweitensteigerung aufweisen oder Geschosse, die ein gegenüber herkömmlichen Geschossen höheres Gewicht zwecks Erhöhung der Wirkung im Ziel besitzen, können daher aufgrund der starken Zunahme der Rückstoßkräfte häufig nicht verschossen werden.In the case of firearms with small or medium-caliber gun barrels, especially infantry weapons in which the barrel carrier is rigidly connected to the barrel (handguns, handguns, light automatic weapons, etc.), the recoil forces that occur when firing are a size that severely limits the handling of the firearm Usually the shooter himself takes over the function of the mount (storage of the weapon). Projectiles that have a higher flight speed than conventional projectiles for the purpose of increasing the range or projectiles that have a higher weight than conventional projectiles for the purpose of increasing the effect in the target can therefore often not be fired due to the strong increase in the recoil forces.

Sind derartige Schusswaffen hingegen starr mit einer separaten Lafette verbunden, muß die Lafette stabiler und schwerer ausgeführt werden, als bei der Verwendung von Munition, für welche die Schusswaffe ursprünglich ausgelegt wurde.If, however, such firearms are rigidly connected to a separate mount, the mount must be made more stable and heavier than when using ammunition for which the firearm was originally designed.

Bei schweren automatischen Schusswaffen (beispielsweise Maschinenkanonen) mit klein- oder mittelkalibrigen Waffenrohren sind zur Rückstoßverminderung der Waffenrohrträger und das Waffenrohr üblicherweise durch eine Rücklauf- und Vorholeinrichtung elastisch miteinander verbunden. Dabei werden als Rücklauf- und Vorholeinrichtung in der Regel eine Feder und ein Dämpfungsglied verwendet (vgl. beispielsweise: Rheinmetall, "Waffentechnisches Taschenbuch", 7. Auflage 1985, Seiten 266 ff ). Die Rücklaufenergie abzüglich der Reibung wird hierbei in der Feder gespeichert und als Vorlaufenergie wieder freigegeben. Dabei hängt bei Schusswaffen mit einem Feder-Rücklaufsystem der Rücklaufweg des Waffenrohres linear von der Rückstoßenergie ab. Beim Verschießen von Munition unterschiedlicher Impulse wird also auch der Rücklaufweg beeinflußt und es können unter Umständen Funktionsprobleme der Schusswaffe auftreten.In the case of heavy automatic firearms (for example machine guns) with small or medium-caliber gun barrels, the gun barrel carrier and the gun barrel are usually elastically connected to one another by a return and retrieval device in order to reduce recoil. As a rule, a spring and a damping element are used as the return and retrieval device (see, for example: Rheinmetall, "Weapons Technology Taschenbuch ", 7th edition 1985, pages 266 ff ). The return energy minus the friction is stored in the spring and released again as forward energy. In the case of firearms with a spring return system, the return path of the weapon barrel depends linearly on the recoil energy. When ammunition with different impulses is fired, the return path is also influenced and functional problems of the firearm may occur under certain circumstances.

Zur weiteren Verringerung der Rückstoßkraft ist es beispielsweise aus der DE 31 33 144 C2 bekannt, bei großkalibrigen Schusswaffen (Artilleriewaffen) als Rücklaufeinrichtung für das Waffenrohr eine hydraulische Rücklaufbremse zu verwenden, die mindestens einen Hydraulikzylinder mit einem darin axial verschiebbaren Kolben mit Kolbenstange umfasst, wobei der Hydraulikzylinder mit dem Waffenträger und die Kolbenstange mit dem Bodenstück des Waffenrohres verbunden sind. Zur Aufbringung einer Bremskraft wird durch die Rücklaufbewegung des Waffenrohres der Kolben verschoben und die sich dabei vor dem Kolben befindliche Hydraulikflüssigkeit durch einen engen Durchflussquerschnitt in einen hinter dem Kolben befindlichen Zylinderraum gepresst.To further reduce the recoil force, it is, for example, from the DE 31 33 144 C2 known to use a hydraulic return brake as a return device for the weapon barrel in large-caliber firearms (artillery weapons), which comprises at least one hydraulic cylinder with a piston with a piston rod axially displaceable therein, the hydraulic cylinder being connected to the weapon carrier and the piston rod to the base of the weapon barrel. To apply a braking force, the piston is displaced by the return movement of the weapon barrel and the hydraulic fluid located in front of the piston is pressed through a narrow flow cross-section into a cylinder space located behind the piston.

Durch Verwendung einer derartigen hydraulischen Rücklaufbremse kann der durch die Masse und Geschwindigkeit vorgegebene Geschossimpuls, der in sehr kurzer Phase der Geschossbeschleunigung auf die Waffe übertragen wird, in seinem zeitlichen Verlauf gestreckt werden. Da die Rücklaufenergie schon beim Rücklauf in Wärme umgewandelt wird, ist ein zusätzliches Dämpfungsglied überflüssig. Außerdem hängt die Bremskraft der hydraulischen Rücklaufbremse quadratisch von der Rücklaufgeschwindigkeit ab, sodass sich der Rücklaufweg bei Munitionssorten mit unterschiedlichen Rückstoßenergien nur unwesentlich ändert.By using a hydraulic return brake of this type, the projectile pulse given by the mass and speed, which is transmitted to the weapon in a very short phase of projectile acceleration, can be stretched over time. Since the return energy is converted into heat when it is returned, an additional attenuator is superfluous. In addition, the braking force of the hydraulic return brake depends on the square of the return speed, so that the return path changes only insignificantly for ammunition types with different recoil energies.

Die bekannten hydraulischen Rücklaufbremsen sind allerdings relativ aufwendig aufgebaut, sodass ihre Verwendung bei den gattungsgemäßen Schusswaffen nur schwer realisierbar ist.The known hydraulic return brakes, however, have a relatively complex structure, so that their use in the firearms of the generic type is difficult to implement.

Die US 4,388,855 A offenbart eine Handfeuerwaffe mit einem pneumatischen Schieberverzögerungsteil zum Verzögern der Bewegung der Bewegung eines beweglichen Schiebers, der in Reaktion auf einen Schuss bewegt wird. Die Relativbewegung zwischen den Waffenteilen wird auch hier nicht extra erzeugt, um die Rückstoßkraft zu verringern, sondern ist für die Waffenfunktion als solche erforderlich.the U.S. 4,388,855 A discloses a handgun having a pneumatic slide retarder for retarding movement of a movable slide moved in response to a shot. Here, too, the relative movement between the weapon parts is not generated specifically in order to reduce the recoil force, but is required for the weapon function as such.

Die DE 23 00 909 A1 offenbart eine Einrichtung zur mehrstufigen, hydraulischmechanische Abbremsung der Vorlaufbewegung des verschiebbaren Rohrs einer selbsttätigen Feuerwaffe, mit einer hydraulischen Bremse, welche einen Zylinder aufweist, in den ein Bremskolben mit Rückschlagventilen angeordnet ist.the DE 23 00 909 A1 discloses a device for multi-stage, hydraulic-mechanical braking of the forward movement of the displaceable barrel of an automatic firearm, with a hydraulic brake which has a cylinder in which a brake piston with check valves is arranged.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Handfeuerwaffe der eingangs erwähnten Art anzugeben, bei der die maximale Rückstoßkraft geringer ist als bei vergleichbaren bekannten Handfeuerwaffe.The invention is based on the object of specifying a handgun of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the maximum recoil force is lower than in comparable known handguns.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Weitere, besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung offenbaren die Unteransprüche.This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1. Further, particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the subclaims.

Die Erfindung beruht im Wesentlichen auf dem Gedanken, auch bei einer handbetätigbaren oder automatischen Handfeuerwaffe mit einem klein- oder mittelkalibrigen Waffenrohr das Waffenrohr und den Waffenrohrträger über eine hydraulische Rücklaufbremse und eine Vorholeinrichtung miteinander zu verbinden, wobei die Rücklaufbremse mindestens einen Hydraulikzylinder mit einem darin axial verschiebbaren Kolben mit Kolbenstange umfasst. Dabei sind entweder der Hydraulikzylinder mit dem Waffenrohr und die Kolbenstange mit dem Waffenrohrträger oder der Hydraulikzylinder mit dem Waffenrohrträger und die Kolbenstange mit dem Waffenrohr verbunden sind. Die Innenwandung des Hydraulikzylinders weist mindestens einen axialen Durchlass zum durchgängigen Verbinden eines Zylinderraumes des Hydraulikzylinders vor dem Kolben mit dem Zylinderraum hinter dem Kolben auf.The invention is essentially based on the idea of connecting the weapon barrel and the weapon barrel carrier to one another via a hydraulic return brake and a retraction device, even in the case of a manually operated or automatic handgun with a small or medium-caliber weapon barrel, the return brake having at least one hydraulic cylinder with an axially displaceable therein Includes piston with piston rod. Either the hydraulic cylinder with the weapon barrel and the piston rod with the weapon barrel carrier or the hydraulic cylinder with the weapon barrel carrier and the piston rod with the weapon barrel are connected. The inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder has at least one axial passage for the continuous connection of a cylinder space of the hydraulic cylinder in front of the piston with the cylinder space behind the piston.

Bei dem axialen Durchlass kann es sich vorzugsweise um mindestens eine in der Innenwandung des Hydraulikzylinders befindliche Steuernut handeln.The axial passage can preferably be at least one control groove located in the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder.

Um eine einfache Fertigung der Rücklaufbremse zu gewährleisten, hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn die Innenwandung des Hydraulikzylinders durch eine formschlüssig in dem Hydraulikzylinder angeordnete Steuerbuchse gebildet wird, in der sich die jeweilige Steuernut befindet.In order to ensure simple manufacture of the return brake, it has proven to be advantageous if the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder is formed by a control bushing which is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder in a form-fitting manner and in which the respective control groove is located.

Sofern gewünscht, kann die jeweilige Steuernut eine Kontur besitzen, derart, dass die Bremskraft entlang des Rücklaufweges des Waffenrohres im Wesentlichen konstant bleibt.If desired, the respective control groove can have a contour such that the braking force is essentially constant along the return path of the weapon barrel remain.

Um einen möglichst kompakten Aufbau der Handfeuerwaffe zu erhalten, hat es sich als zweckmäßig erwiesen, wenn die Vorholeinrichtung der Handfeuerwaffedurch eine sich in Längsrichtung des Hydraulikzylinders erstreckende, die Kolbenstange umschließende Zylinderfeder (Vorholfeder) gebildet wird, welche sich mit ihrem ersten Ende an der stirnseitigen Innenwand des Hydraulikzylinders und mit ihrem gegenüberliegenden, zweiten Ende an dem Kolben abstützt.In order to obtain the most compact possible design of the handgun, it has proven to be useful if the retraction device of the handgun is formed by a cylinder spring (retraction spring) which extends in the longitudinal direction of the hydraulic cylinder and surrounds the piston rod, the first end of which is located on the front inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder and is supported with its opposite, second end on the piston.

Angegeben wird somit eine Handfeuerwaffe, bei der auch bei höheren Geschossimpulsen die maximale Rückstoßkraft auf ein für den Schützen erträgliches Maß reduziert wird und bei Lafettierung die Lafette leichter werden kann, als bei vergleichbaren bekannten Schusswaffen, sodass sich beispielsweise die Schusspräzision bei Feuerstößen verbessert.A handgun is thus specified in which the maximum recoil force is reduced to a level that is tolerable for the shooter, even with higher projectile pulses, and the mount can be lighter when mounted than with comparable known firearms, so that, for example, the firing precision is improved in the case of bursts of fire.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus dem folgenden, anhand von Figuren erläuterten Ausführungsbeispiel. Es zeigen:

Fig.1
die Seitenansicht einer nur schematisch dargestellten erfindungsgemäßen Handfeuerwaffe mit hydraulischer Rücklaufbremse;
Fig.2
einen Längsschnitt durch die in Fig.1 mit 5 bezeichnete hydraulische Rücklaufbremse mit in einem Hydraulikzylinder angeordneter Steuerbuchse und
Fig.3
die Seitenansicht der in Fig.2 mit 12 bezeichneten Steuerbuchse.
Further details and advantages of the invention emerge from the following exemplary embodiment explained with reference to figures. Show it:
Fig. 1
the side view of a handgun according to the invention, shown only schematically, with a hydraulic return brake;
Fig. 2
a longitudinal section through the in Fig. 1 with 5 designated hydraulic return brake with arranged in a hydraulic cylinder control sleeve and
Fig. 3
the side view of the in Fig. 2 with 12 designated control socket.

In Fig.1 ist mit 1 eine Handfeuerwaffe bezeichnet, bei der es sich beispielsweise um einen automatischen Granatwerfer handelt. Der Granatwerfer 1 umfasst ein mittelkalibriges Waffenrohr 2 mit einem Kaliber von beispielsweise 40 mm und einen heckseitig an dem Waffenrohr 2 angeordneten Verschluss 3.In Fig. 1 1 denotes a handgun, which is, for example, an automatic grenade launcher. The grenade launcher 1 comprises a medium-caliber weapon barrel 2 with a caliber of 40 mm, for example, and a breech 3 arranged on the rear of the weapon barrel 2.

Das Waffenrohr 2 ist mit einem Waffenrohrträger 4 (bei dem es sich beispielsweise um ein Gehäuse handeln kann) über eine Rücklaufbremse 5 verbunden. Dabei weist der Waffenrohrträger 4 eine Rücklaufführung 6 auf, entlang der das Waffenrohr 2 axial verschiebbar angeordnet ist.The weapon barrel 2 is connected to a weapon barrel carrier 4 (which can be a housing, for example) via a reverse brake 5. The weapon barrel carrier 4 has a return guide 6 along which the weapon barrel 2 is arranged so as to be axially displaceable.

Die Rücklaufbremse 5 umfasst einen Hydraulikzylinder 7 (Fig.2) mit einem darin befindlichen -in bezug auf den Hydraulikzylinder 7-, axial verschiebbaren Kolben 8 mit Kolbenstange 9. Dabei sind der Hydraulikzylinder 7 mit dem Waffenrohr 2 und die Kolbenstange 9 mittels eines Flansches 10 mit dem Waffenrohrträger 4 verbunden.The return brake 5 comprises a hydraulic cylinder 7 ( Fig. 2 ) with an axially displaceable piston 8 with piston rod 9 in relation to the hydraulic cylinder 7.

Die Innenwandung 11 des Hydraulikzylinders 7 wird durch eine formschlüssig in dem Hydraulikzylinder 7 angeordnete Steuerbuchse 12 gebildet, in der sich vier gleichmäßig über dem Umfang verteilt angeordnete, in Längsrichtung des Hydraulikzylinders 7 erstreckende Steuernuten 13 befinden. Die Steuernuten 13 bilden dabei einen axialen Durchlass für die Hydraulikflüssigkeit, derart, dass diese von einem Zylinderraum 14 des Hydraulikzylinders 7 vor dem Kolben 8 in einen Zylinderraum 15 hinter dem Kolben 8 (und umgekehrt) gelangen kann.The inner wall 11 of the hydraulic cylinder 7 is formed by a control bushing 12 arranged in a form-fitting manner in the hydraulic cylinder 7, in which there are four control grooves 13 which are evenly distributed over the circumference and extend in the longitudinal direction of the hydraulic cylinder 7. The control grooves 13 form an axial passage for the hydraulic fluid in such a way that it can pass from a cylinder space 14 of the hydraulic cylinder 7 in front of the piston 8 into a cylinder space 15 behind the piston 8 (and vice versa).

Dabei besitzen die Steuernuten 13 jeweils eine sich konisch verjüngende Kontur (Fig.3), die derart gewählt ist, dass die Bremskraft der Rücklaufbremse 5 entlang des Rücklaufweges des Waffenrohres im Wesentlichen konstant bleibt.The control grooves 13 each have a conically tapering contour ( Fig. 3 ), which is selected such that the braking force of the return brake 5 remains essentially constant along the return path of the weapon barrel.

Die Vorholeinrichtung befindet sich bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ebenfalls in der Rücklaufbremse 5 und wird durch eine sich in Längsrichtung des Hydraulikzylinders 7 erstreckende, die Kolbenstange 9 umschließende Zylinderfeder (Vorholfeder) 16 gebildet, die sich mit ihrem ersten Ende 17 an der stirnseitigen Innenwand 18 des Hydraulikzylinders 7 und mit ihrem gegenüberliegenden, zweiten Ende 19 an dem Kolben 8 abstützt.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the recoil device is also located in the return brake 5 and is formed by a cylinder spring (recoil spring) 16 which extends in the longitudinal direction of the hydraulic cylinder 7 and encloses the piston rod 9 and which has its first end 17 on the front inner wall 18 of the hydraulic cylinder 7 and is supported with its opposite, second end 19 on the piston 8.

Bei Abgabe eines Schusses wird innerhalb sehr kurzer Zeit der Rücklaufimpuls auf die im Wesentlichen aus Waffenrohr 2, Verschluss 3 und Hydraulikzylinder 7 bestehende Rücklaufmasse übertragen. Diese wird hierdurch entgegen der Schussrichtung beschleunigt. Ein Großteil der Hydraulikflüssigkeit wird nun durch die Steuernuten 13 von dem Zylinderraum 14 in den Zylinderraum 15 gedrückt, wodurch eine Bremswirkung auf die Rücklaufmasse ausgeübt wird. Dabei wird durch die sich konisch verjüngende Kontur der Steuernuten 13 eine entlang des Rücklaufweges des Waffenrohres nahezu konstante Bremskraft erzielt, die geringer ist als die Gaskraft der Munition auf den Verschluss 3.When a shot is fired, the return pulse is transmitted within a very short time to the return mass consisting essentially of the weapon barrel 2, breech 3 and hydraulic cylinder 7. This is accelerated against the firing direction. A large part of the hydraulic fluid is now pressed through the control grooves 13 from the cylinder chamber 14 into the cylinder chamber 15, whereby a braking effect is exerted on the return mass. The conically tapering contour of the control grooves 13 results in an almost constant braking force along the return path of the weapon barrel, which is less than the gas force of the ammunition on the breech 3.

Bei dem Rücklauf der Rücklaufmasse wird gleichzeitig die in dem Hydraulikzylinder 7 angeordnete Vorholfeder 16 gespannt, welche das Waffenrohr 2 anschließend wieder in seine Ausgangsstellung zurückschiebt.During the return of the return mass, the return spring 16 arranged in the hydraulic cylinder 7 is tensioned at the same time, which the weapon barrel 2 then returns to pushes back its starting position.

Die Erfindung ist selbstverständlich nicht auf das dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt. So ist es beispielsweise auch möglich, statt der in dem Hydraulikzylinder integrierten Vorholfeder eine separate Gasfeder zu verwenden. Ferner können alternativ auch der Hydraulikzylinder 7 mit dem Waffenrohrträger 4 und die Kolbenstange 9 mit dem Waffenrohr 2 verbunden sein.The invention is of course not limited to the illustrated embodiment. For example, it is also possible to use a separate gas spring instead of the recoil spring integrated in the hydraulic cylinder. Furthermore, the hydraulic cylinder 7 can alternatively also be connected to the weapon barrel carrier 4 and the piston rod 9 to the weapon barrel 2.

BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols

11
HandfeuerwaffeHandgun
22
WaffenrohrGun barrel
33
VerschlußClosure
44th
WaffenrohrträgerGun barrel carrier
55
RücklaufbremseReverse brake
66th
RücklaufführungReturn flow
77th
HydraulikzylinderHydraulic cylinder
88th
KolbenPistons
99
KolbenstangePiston rod
1010
Flanschflange
1111
InnenwandungInner wall
1212th
SteuerbuchseControl socket
1313th
Steuernut, axialer DurchlassControl groove, axial passage
14,1514.15
ZylinderräumeCylinder spaces
1616
Zylinderfeder, Vorholfeder, VorholeinrichtungCylinder spring, recoil spring, recoil device
1717th
erste Endefirst end
1818th
stirnseitige Innenwandfront inner wall
1919th
zweite Endesecond end

Claims (5)

  1. Hand-operated or automatic handgun (1) with a small- or medium-caliber weapon barrel (2) and a weapon barrel carrier (4) receiving the weapon barrel (2), having the features:
    a) the weapon barrel (2) and the weapon barrel carrier (4) are connected to one another by a recoil brake (5) and a recuperator (16);
    b) the recoil brake (5) comprises at least one hydraulic cylinder (7) with a piston (8) located therein having a piston rod (9) and being axially displaceable relative to the hydraulic cylinder (7), wherein either the hydraulic cylinder (7) is connected to the weapon barrel (2) and the piston rod (9) is connected to the weapon barrel carrier (4) or the hydraulic cylinder (7) is connected to the weapon barrel carrier (4) and the piston rod (9) is connected to the weapon barrel (2);
    c) the inner wall (11) of the hydraulic cylinder (7) has at least one axial passage (13) for continuous connection of a cylinder chamber (14) of the hydraulic cylinder (7) in front of the piston (8) to the cylinder chamber (15) behind the piston (8).
  2. A handgun according to claim 1, characterized in that the axial passage (13) is at least one control groove located in the inner wall (11) of the hydraulic cylinder (7).
  3. A handgun according to claim 2, characterized in that the inner wall (11) of the hydraulic cylinder (7) is formed by a control bushing (12) arranged in a form-fitting manner in the hydraulic cylinder (7), in which the respective control groove (13) is located.
  4. Handgun according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the respective control groove (13) has a contour such that the braking force resulting along the recoil path of the gun barrel (2) after firing remains essentially constant.
  5. Handgun according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the recuperator (16) of the handgun (1) is formed by a cylinder spring which extends in the longitudinal direction of the hydraulic cylinder (7), encloses the piston rod (9) and is supported with its first end (17) on the end-face inner wall (18) of the hydraulic cylinder (7) and with its opposite, second end (19) on the piston (8).
EP12721255.3A 2011-05-16 2012-05-10 Hand-operated handgun or automatic grenade launcher Active EP2710321B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI201231978T SI2710321T1 (en) 2011-05-16 2012-05-10 Hand-operated handgun or automatic grenade launcher
HRP20220167TT HRP20220167T1 (en) 2011-05-16 2012-05-10 Hand-operated handgun or automatic grenade launcher
PL12721255T PL2710321T3 (en) 2011-05-16 2012-05-10 Hand-operated handgun or automatic grenade launcher

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011101653A DE102011101653A1 (en) 2011-05-16 2011-05-16 Hand-operated or automatic firearm
PCT/EP2012/058619 WO2012156266A1 (en) 2011-05-16 2012-05-10 Manually actuatable or automatic firearm

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2710321A1 EP2710321A1 (en) 2014-03-26
EP2710321B1 true EP2710321B1 (en) 2021-11-10

Family

ID=46085599

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12721255.3A Active EP2710321B1 (en) 2011-05-16 2012-05-10 Hand-operated handgun or automatic grenade launcher

Country Status (12)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2710321B1 (en)
CY (1) CY1124973T1 (en)
DE (1) DE102011101653A1 (en)
DK (1) DK2710321T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2905735T3 (en)
HR (1) HRP20220167T1 (en)
HU (1) HUE057422T2 (en)
LT (1) LT2710321T (en)
PL (1) PL2710321T3 (en)
PT (1) PT2710321T (en)
SI (1) SI2710321T1 (en)
WO (1) WO2012156266A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4146955A1 (en) 2020-05-08 2023-03-15 Bühler GmbH Transport device having at least one chain

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH71069A (en) * 1915-08-13 1915-12-01 Jean Braem Device for the shock-free storage of the trunnions of recoil guns
US2877690A (en) * 1953-11-25 1959-03-17 Aircraft Armaments Inc Counter recoil governor for a recoil type gun
CH550373A (en) * 1972-01-18 1974-06-14 Oerlikon Buehrle Ag DEVICE FOR MULTI-STAGE, HYDRAULIC-MECHANICAL BRAKING OF THE FORWARD MOVEMENT OF THE SLIDING TUBE OF AN INDEPENDENT FIRE ARM.
US4388855A (en) * 1980-10-06 1983-06-21 Sokolovsky Paul J Firearm pneumatic slide decelerator assembly
DE3133144A1 (en) 1981-08-21 1983-03-10 Diehl GmbH & Co, 8500 Nürnberg Hydraulic barrel recoil brake
FR2633710B1 (en) * 1988-06-30 1993-09-24 France Etat Armement SEALING DEVICE BETWEEN THE MOBILE COMPONENTS OF AN ARTILLERY REVERSE BRAKE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2905735T3 (en) 2022-04-11
DK2710321T3 (en) 2022-02-14
PL2710321T3 (en) 2022-04-04
LT2710321T (en) 2022-03-10
SI2710321T1 (en) 2022-05-31
HUE057422T2 (en) 2022-05-28
EP2710321A1 (en) 2014-03-26
HRP20220167T1 (en) 2022-05-27
DE102011101653A1 (en) 2012-11-22
WO2012156266A1 (en) 2012-11-22
PT2710321T (en) 2022-02-11
CY1124973T1 (en) 2023-01-05

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