EP2701608B1 - Procédé pour prédire un intervalle d'insémination d'un animal - Google Patents

Procédé pour prédire un intervalle d'insémination d'un animal Download PDF

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EP2701608B1
EP2701608B1 EP12718169.1A EP12718169A EP2701608B1 EP 2701608 B1 EP2701608 B1 EP 2701608B1 EP 12718169 A EP12718169 A EP 12718169A EP 2701608 B1 EP2701608 B1 EP 2701608B1
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animal
value
new
interval
insemination
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EP2701608A1 (fr
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Antoon Willem Johan Claessens
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Piglets Treatment System BV
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Piglets Treatment System BV
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61D—VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
    • A61D17/00—Devices for indicating trouble during labour of animals ; Methods or instruments for detecting pregnancy-related states of animals
    • A61D17/002—Devices for indicating trouble during labour of animals ; Methods or instruments for detecting pregnancy-related states of animals for detecting period of heat of animals, i.e. for detecting oestrus

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  • the present invention pertains to a method to assess the oestrus of an animal, for example a pig, to predict an optimum insemination interval for this animal.
  • insemination between 0 and 24 hours before actual ovulation takes place results in the highest fertilisation rate. Outside the optimum interval for insemination the fertilisation rate decreases due to an increase in animals ultimately having a small litter size (in particular for pigs) or no descendants at all.
  • timing of insemination is critical. Usually, this timing is based on the onset of oestrus, as assessed by the farmer. Oestrus in this sense is defined as the period during which the female animal is receptive to mating and ovulates. It is commonly referred to as rut or heat.
  • the cycle can be divided into a follicular phase, during which the follicles are ripening, and a luteal phase, during which the corpora lutea develop in the ovulated follicles.
  • a follicular phase during which the follicles are ripening
  • a luteal phase during which the corpora lutea develop in the ovulated follicles.
  • EP 1839621 and US 6,470,825 describe a method to establish an insemination interval based on the physiological state of the sow.
  • a device for assessing the oestrus of an animal, in particular a pig is described, comprising a reaction-detecting means for detecting the standing-reflex of a pig.
  • the detected reaction is compared with a reaction which is characteristic of a particular stage of the oestrus. This is used to predict an optimum insemination interval.
  • EP 2 014 255 an alternative device is described incorporating a complex sensing system to detect all movements of the animal. By analysing these movements during oestrus, an optimum insemination interval is predicted. Indeed, existing methods to predict an optimum insemination interval can be successful, but at the cost of complexity or heavy operator intervention. When less complex methods are used or operator intervention is reduced, accuracy of the prediction decreases.
  • a method to assess the oestrus of multiple animals for example pigs, sheep and cattle, is devised, with which method an insemination interval for each animal can be predicted.
  • This method comprises for each of the multiple animals in a first cycle: determining a value for at least one characteristic of the oestrus, predicting the insemination interval based on the determination of the said value, inseminating the animal in the said interval, and establishing a fertilisation rate of the inseminated animal, and in a second cycle determining a new value for the said at least one characteristic of the oestrus, and predicting a new insemination interval using the determination of the new value and the fertilisation rate.
  • This invention is based on applicant's recognition that many factors which might be relevant for the oestrus, and ovulation in particular, are hitherto unknown, or at least their influence on the oestrus is not known. Such factors are for example season, weather, various stress stimuli, diet, age of the animals, parity, breed, genetic line etc. Since the relations hip with oestrus and ovulation is not unambiguously known, existing methods and systems cannot take such factors explicitly into account when predicting the optimum insemination interval. In the present method use is made of feed-back on the obtained result.
  • the obtained fertilisation rate in a first cycle for making a new prediction in a second cycle, unknown factors can be taken into account without actually knowing the relationship with oestrus in general and ovulation in particular.
  • the specific characteristic of the oestrus used in the present method is not essential to the invention in its broadest sense. It can be as simple as a standing-reflex for pigs as known from the prior art.
  • several ways of predicting the insemination interval based on a measured value can be implemented: for example, one can determine a value and predict the interval based on the height of the value. Alternatively, one can determine when a predetermined value is reached (fulfilling a predetermined threshold), and predict the interval based on that event.
  • the prediction of the optimum insemination interval will be improved for the second cycle.
  • the onset of oestrus as a characteristic, based on which one can predict an optimum insemination interval. It is commonly known that at the onset of the oestrus, which onset can be easily established (given the sudden presence of a standing-reflex in the presence of a boar) by determining a value for the (non-)movement of a pig when applying a displacing means (e.g. as known from EP 1 300 119 ), it typically takes 24 to 48 hours before ovulation takes place.
  • an insemination interval does not necessarily mean an interval which leads to the highest fertilisation rate. In some circumstances a less than maximum fertilisation rate may economically be optimal. It is also noted that an insemination interval may have any size between for example 1 second and 24 hours, typically depending on the type of animal, working methods at the farm, or other factors.
  • the present invention also describes a system for assessing the oestrus of multiple animals to predict an insemination interval for each animal, comprising a sensor for determining a value for at least one characteristic of the oestrus of the animal, the sensor being connected to a central processing unit (CPU) such that the value can be processed by the CPU, the CPU being programmed to predict the insemination interval of the animal using the determined value, the CPU being capable of receiving fertility data of the inseminated animal, and using these data in combination with a determined new value for the at least one characteristic of the oestrus of the animal to predict a new insemination interval.
  • the CPU may be present as a single piece of machinery such as a personal computer.
  • a very simple processing system may be present, merely capable of receiving data from the sensor and optionally receiving fertilisation data, for example inputted by an operator via a simple keyboard.
  • the actual processing of these data may take place in a remote location, for example a location that is controlled by the provider of the system such that the best care can be taken with regard to adequate processing and service.
  • Fertilisation rate is defined as any rate that corresponds to the fertility of an animal or a herd of animals.
  • the fertility can for example be expressed as the success rate of insemination, for example an integer corresponding to the number of inseminations needed per animal to obtain successful gestation (such that for example the lowest number of inseminations needed, viz. 1, gives the highest integer) or an integer corresponding to the total amount of days needed to obtain successful gestation, etc.
  • the fertility could however also be a rate that corresponds to the average number of descendants (in particular for pigs) after insemination.
  • Each type of animal or way of animal husbandry may define "fertility" in its own practically usable way.
  • the "average number of descendants” may for example be the actual number of live-born descendants in one litter divided by an optimum value for the number of live-born descendants in one litter for the species, expressed as a percentage.
  • the typical optimum value for the number of live-born descendants in one litter set to be 2.2.
  • this value is set to be 14 (but any value can be chosen, depending for example on type of animals, circumstances etc.). This way, for pigs the fertilisation rate after insemination in practice may vary between 0 and 121 % for an individual sow. For a herd of sows, the average number of piglets for all inseminated sows is used.
  • An interval is a time-frame of any length, for example 1-4 hours.
  • the time-frame however can be as small as for example one or more seconds so that for the practice of insemination the time-frame is equivalent to a particular point in time.
  • added to the second cycle are the steps of inseminating the animal in the said new interval, establishing a new fertilisation rate of the inseminated animal, whereafter a third cycle follows comprising the steps of determining a second new value for the said at least one characteristic of the oestrus, and predicting a second new insemination interval using the determination of the second new value and the new fertilisation rate.
  • a third cycle follows comprising the steps of determining a second new value for the said at least one characteristic of the oestrus, and predicting a second new insemination interval using the determination of the second new value and the new fertilisation rate.
  • an even further tuning of the prediction takes place using the newly obtained fertilisation rate.
  • the formerly obtained fertilisation rate is used together with the new fertilisation rate to provide an even better prediction of the insemination interval.
  • added to the third cycle are the steps of inseminating the animal in the said second new insemination interval, establishing a second new fertilisation rate of the inseminated animal, whereafter n additional cycles follow, n being a natural number, each cycle comprising the steps of determining yet another new value for the said at least one characteristic of the oestrus, predicting yet another new insemination interval using the determination of the said another new value and the second new fertilisation rate, inseminating the animal in the said yet another new insemination interval, and establishing yet another new fertilisation rate of the inseminated animal, which yet another new fertilisation rate is to be used in an optional next cycle of the said n additional cycles.
  • the fine tuning may continue for n additional cycles, for example until a predetermined mean fertilisation rate is obtained for the herd of multiple animals. Also, this may continue indefinitely to provide for a continuous update of the prediction of an optimum insemination interval.
  • a very significant advantage of this embodiment is the influence of various parameters on oestrus and thus the optimum insemination interval can be monitored easily and reliably. For example, the influence of season follows immediately if the method continuous for more than 1 year, preferably more than 2 years (for verification purposes). Also, the influence of age of the animals can be extracted easily. Once the relationship between such factors and the oestrus and/or optimum insemination interval is known, it can be taken explicitly into account (for example by using corresponding data in an algorithm) for optimizing the prediction of the insemination interval.
  • the same algorithm to predict an insemination interval is used for all animals.
  • one and the same algorithm is used for all animals.
  • the obtained fertilisation data of all of the said multiple animals are used to establish one algorithm that is used to predict an insemination interval for each individual animal upon determining a value for the chosen characteristic of the oestrus.
  • This embodiment provides a relatively simple way to predict the insemination interval but indeed, its success depends on the homogeneity of the relationship between the characteristic used and actual ovulation within the herd of animals. If the homogeneity is sufficient for obtaining a desired (mean) fertilisation rate, this embodiment can be advantageously used, requiring only modest calculation capacity and thus, may rely on a processing unit as simple as present in a hand-held calculator.
  • a dedicated algorithm is used to predict an insemination interval for this animal or group of animals. It may simply be that some animals, for whatever reason, show a significantly different relationship between the chosen characteristic of the oestrus and the actual ovulation then most of the other animals.
  • a sensor for determining a value for at least one characteristic of the oestrus a sensor is used that is brought in operative connection with each of the said multiple animals by scanning the animals in a consecutive order.
  • various methods for assessing the oestrus of animals are known in the prior art. For example, Ro-Main (Saint-Bernard, Quebec, Canada) sells a system called PIGWATCH®. In this system the heat and ovulation of the sow are assessed by watching standing of a pig. An important disadvantage of this system is that the animal needs to be watched 24 hours a day to make an accurate prediction of the insemination interval. This means that one sensor is needed per animal that needs to be monitored. This makes the system inherently expensive.
  • EP 1 300 119 The method that is known from EP 1 300 119 also has an important disadvantage. Since the system requires complex stimulating equipment surrounding the animal, a dedicated fenced device is installed in a stable, and each animal to be monitored is moved from its own accommodation to the fenced device. Such movement may involve either intensive operator support or requires a complex automated animal transporting system. In order to overcome the prior art disadvantages, applicant has devised a method wherein a scanning sensor is used, enabling the sensor to be brought in operative connection with each animal in a consecutive order in a simple manner, not needing intensive operator intervention.
  • the value for the at least one characteristic of the oestrus of the animal is determined at predetermined intervals, of at least 1 hour, preferably at least 2 hours and more preferably between 3 and 8 hours. Applicant recognised that it is not needed to monitor an animal continuously during the oestrus. Since an optimum insemination interval typically last 24 hours, and a working day in animal husbandry typically lasts at least 12 hours, one full assessment each 12 hours would in theory do. However, it was found that many characteristics of the oestrus have only a period of up to about 8 hours wherein they have clear peak values. Therefore, a determination scheme according to this embodiment will suffice for obtaining adequate results, will not needing too many sensor actions which may cause stress in the animal.
  • a value is determined for a characteristic chosen out of the group consisting of standing-reflex, motion, body temperature, in particular skin, rectal or vulva temperature, appearance of the vulva, in particular vulva colour and/or degree of swelling, vulva mucus discharge, vulva mucus turbidity or vulva mucus conductivity.
  • characteristics of the oestrus are all known to have a relation with the actual ovulation.
  • a value for each of these so called standard characteristics can be determined relatively easily by a sensor via a position adjacent an animal, not needing a invasive operation. Therefore, each of these characteristics is ideally suitable in the present invention.
  • a value of a first characteristic as described here-above is determined each cycle, whereas a value for uterus temperature and/or hormone level, for example estrogen and/or progesterone in blood and/or urine, and/or follicle size is determined in the first cycle only and optionally in one or more following cycles until a prediction of the insemination interval has led to a predetermined fertilisation rate, where-after only a value for the first characteristic is determined in a following cycle.
  • Applicant recognised that some characteristics of the oestrus have a rather unambiguous relationship with the actual ovulation and thus, with an optimum insemination interval.
  • uterus temperature uterus temperature and blood hormone level
  • hormone level example estrogen and/or progesterone in blood and/or urine
  • follicle size a sensor for determining a value for each of these characteristics needs an invasive operation (uterus temperature and blood hormone level), and/or complex analysing apparatus (hormone level, follicle size) or a skilled operator (follicle size).
  • Applicant found a further method which does not depend on an invasive operation, but still is suitable for determining a hormone level that can be used to predict ovulation very accurately.
  • the luteinising hormone abbreviated LH hormone
  • the level of the LH hormone in the saliva can be measured by simply taking a sample, typically every four hours, and use commonly available techniques to measure the hormone level in the saliva.
  • a very convenient method is to present a tasteful rope or other bite to the animal (for example a bite foreseen with a molasses coating), and after the animal has chewed on the bite for a predetermined amount of time, the saliva present on the bite is automatically analysed using commonly known techniques.
  • This technique is simple, very accurate and does not depend on an invasive operation.
  • the invasive operations although in theory being ideal for predicting an insemination interval, are not ideally suitable for continuous use in a method and system that meet the objects of the present invention.
  • the characteristics for which an invasive operation is necessary can be very advantageously used to tune the present method to reach a required level of fertilisation rate in a very low number of cycles.
  • the learning curve will be steeper.
  • a concurrent determination of the uterus temperature and/or hormone level and/or follicle size only needs to take place during one cycle before an adequate prediction of the insemination interval can be obtained based on the determination of a value for a standard characteristic only.
  • the concurrent determination of a value for an additional characteristic needs to take place during several, in particular consecutive, cycles before an adequate prediction of the insemination interval and thus desired fertilisation rate is obtained.
  • the animal is inseminated automatically in the predicted insemination interval.
  • the optimum insemination interval may be of short duration.
  • the present invention also describes a system for assessing the oestrus of multiple animals to predict an insemination interval for each animal.
  • this system comprises a sensor that can be brought in operative connection with each of the multiple animals in a consecutive order, preferably via a rail system along which the sensor can be moved to provide the operative connection.
  • the system further comprises a simulated male animal that moves along the rail system in conjunction with the sensor.
  • a simulated animal may be as simple us merely using the smell and/or sound of a male animal.
  • an actual fake animal is visually presented to the female animal for example in the form of a picture, film or 3D model.
  • FIG 1 a schematic overview of substantial elements of a system 20 for using the present invention are shown.
  • the system 20 comprises rails 25 and 26, to which rails a carriage 31 is slidably attached. This way, the carriage 31 can be moved in the direction A (and vice versa).
  • the system can be used to assess the oestrus of multiple sows 10, which sows are present in housing 1, each sow having a dedicated fenced stable 2, 3, 4, 5 etc.
  • Attached to the carriage 32 is a sensor 30. In this case it is a senor to determine a value for the so-called standing-reflex of a sow.
  • the standing-reflex is a reaction in response to a stimulus at which the sow hardly moves.
  • Such a stimulus may for example be the application of pressure to a side of the animal.
  • the sensor is constituted to be able and apply such a pressure on the back of the sow 10. If the sow moves when being in contact with the sensor, a force will be exerted on hinge 32. This force is measured in the present device. When this force is minimal, the value for the standing-reflex is set to 100%. When the force has a certain predetermined maximum value (for example the force just before the hinge starts to actually swing back), the value for the standing-reflex is set to 0%.
  • system 20 comprises a simulated male animal 35 which moves along the rail system in conjunction with sensor 30. In this case, the simulated male animal comprises a display screen in the sow's field of vision.
  • a boar On said screen pictures, preferably motion pictures, of a boar are shown, and at the same time corresponding sound is generated in a sound box (not shown).
  • a 3D simulated boar is used, for example the skippy boar as available from Schippers Bladel BV (Bladel, The Netherlands). This way, the standing-reflex of a sow can be adequately determined.
  • the carriage is moved along the rail system to a second sow of which the oestrus has to be assessed and the process repeats. This way, with one sensor, each and every sow in the housing can be subjected to an assessment of its oestrus in order to predict an insemination interval.
  • the senor will be scanned along the sows such that each sows is subjected to an assessment of its oestrus at a regular interval, typically set at 4 hours. However, any other time may also be chosen. For example, when automatic insemination is not available, a longer interval may be chosen such that the insemination time overlaps with the presence of an operator.
  • the standing-reflex has a relationship with the ovulation and thus, with an optimum insemination interval.
  • Such a relation is for example known from the prior art patent documents as mentioned before and from Reprod Dom Anim 33, 1998, pp 159-164 (Kemp, Steverink and Soede, Wageningen University, The Netherlands ).
  • the average optimum insemination interval may lie between 24 and 48 hours after detection of the moment.
  • the fertilisation rate of this sow is determined.
  • the fertilisation rate is set to be 0%.
  • the fertilisation rate is set to be (X/14) x 100%. This rate can be determined for each sow of which the oestrus has been assessed. All of these rates are then inputted in the system (see figure 2 ), to be taken into account when performing a next cycle for predicting the insemination interval for the sows.
  • An algorithm which can be used for such a second (and following) prediction is also given in conjunction with figure 2 .
  • each animal is provided with an identification means that can sensed wireless, for example an RFID tag such as the Roxtron tag (available from Roxtron Limited Shenzhen, Guandong, China) or the SENSOOR tag (available from Agis Automatisering, Harmelen, The Netherlands).
  • an RFID tag such as the Roxtron tag (available from Roxtron Limited Shenzhen, Guandong, China) or the SENSOOR tag (available from Agis Automatisering, Harmelen, The Netherlands).
  • each fenced stable has means for automatic identification of the sow.
  • any other known characteristic for the oestrus may be chosen (for example any of the characteristics as identified here-above in the paragraph "Embodiments of the invention"). Since the present invention incorporates feed-back about the fertilisation rate obtained, the characteristic chosen is less important for ultimately obtaining good results. However, for convenience sake, determining a value for the standing-reflex is preferred.
  • FIG 2 shows parts of the system is depicted in Figure 1 , adapted for processing data.
  • These parts comprise a central processing unit (CPU) 40, which may for example be a unit as simple as a personal computer. This unit may be present in the animal housing, or at a remote location, for example in an office of the farmer, a vet or the insemination company.
  • the CPU is connected to the sensor 30, for example via a wire, but preferably wireless. This way, the measurement data of the sensor can be inputted in processor of the CPU 40.
  • the sensor wires the measured data for the force exerted on hinge 32 (see Figure 1 ), and the CPU calculates a value for the standing-reflex based on this force.
  • the CPU is loaded with software code, comprising a dedicated algorithm, to calculate an insemination interval based on the value for the standing-reflex.
  • This algorithm is such that an obtained fertilisation rate can be taken inot account as well for calculating an insemination interval.
  • the CPU 40 is connected to an input device 45 (via a wire, or wireless), in this case a laptop computer present in the housing. Via this laptop computer, the number of live descendants in each litter of each sow is inputted. These numbers are used for example to calculate a mean fertilisation rate by the CPU, which mean rate is used for predicting a next insemination interval for each sow.
  • Various algorithms can be used, a few of which are exemplified here-beneath.
  • the system is programmed to detect a threshold value for the standing reflex, for example a value defined as 70% of the maximum standing-reflex.
  • a threshold value for the standing reflex for example a value defined as 70% of the maximum standing-reflex.
  • the moment at which this value is determined is called t treshold .
  • X is chosen to be less than the average time needed to reach the optimum insemination time, and typically is set to be 28. In this interval the sow will be inseminated. After an appropriate while, the number of live descendants of the sow, following the said insemination is determined. This is done for each inseminated sow.
  • Fert-rate i 1 in the first cycle
  • the new interval starts at t treshold + X + (100 - Fert-rate 1 )/Y hours and ends 4 hours later. Typically Y is set to be 10.
  • the sow is inseminated in this interval.
  • Fert-rate i i 2
  • the length of the interval (4 hours in equation 1) may be chosen to have any length, for example only 2 or even 1 hour. A shorter interval may increase the accuracy of the prediction of an insemination interval leading to higher fertilisation rates. Also, the length of the interval can be made a variable number in the equation, and optimised according to the results achieved.
  • the values for X and Y may also be given other values depending i.a. on the circumstances (summer/winter; diet, etc) and/or parameters of the sows (age, breed, relationship between standing-reflex and individual fertilisation rate, etc). They may be the same for the herd as a whole or one or more of these parameters may differ per group of sows or even per individual sow.
  • the insemination time t insem is calculated by adding (100 - V charac ) x ( X/M ) hours to the time ( t m ) at which it was determined that the standing-reflex had a value within the interval 100 to 70.
  • X has the same meaning as above, thus typically set at a value of 28, and M has a value of 30.
  • V charac in the first cycle is determined to have a value of 100, insemination has to take place at t m or within one hour from t m .
  • X , Y and M may be given other values depending i.a. on the circumstances (summer/winter; diet, etc) and/or parameters of the sows (age, breed, relationship between standing-reflex and individual fertilisation rate, etc). They may be the same for the herd as a whole or one or more of these parameters may differ per group of sows or even per individual sow.
  • the mean fertilisation rate for the herd of sows which are subjected to assessment of the oestrus is being used.
  • the individual fertilisation rate for each sow is used to have a dedicated calculation of the insemination interval for each sow,
  • Figure 3 gives an example of results that can be achieved when applying the present method. What is shown is the increase in mean fertilisation rate when applying a method as described in conjunction with Figures 1 and 2 , in particular when using an algorithm in accordance with formula 1, using the same values for X and Y for each sow (set to the typical values of 28 and 10 respectively), and also using a mean value (for the herd of sows) for the fertilisation rate in each cycle. What can be seen is that the fertilisation rate steadily increases from an initial 65% in the first cycle to around 100% in the fourth cycle. Thereafter there is some oscillation in the fertilisation rate around the value of 100%.
  • Figure 4 gives another example of results that can be achieved when applying the present method.
  • the same method as used for obtaining the results as shown in figure 3 is used, but in addition to the determination of a threshold value for the standing-reflex the follicle size is also measured in the first cycle by using an art-known echo-doppler apparatus such as the ProSoundTM C3CV ultrasound system with a UST-9112-5 endovaginal transducer (all available from Aloka, Tokyo, Japan).
  • an art-known echo-doppler apparatus such as the ProSoundTM C3CV ultrasound system with a UST-9112-5 endovaginal transducer (all available from Aloka, Tokyo, Japan).
  • the art-known knowledge that follicle size has a very straightforward relationship with ovulation time. This means, the values of X and Y can be estimated quite precisely based on a value for the follicle size.
  • the number of hours until ovulation and the variation in this number can be predicted quite precisely, which will give rise to good estimates for X and Y .
  • the effect of this is that the obtained fertilisation rate increases more rapidly in consecutive cycles. In the shown case a value of around 100% is reached in cycle 3, one cycle earlier than in case the method corresponding to Figure 3 is used. This may look not too spectacular but for every day economics in pig husbandry this can be very important since a sow is typically used for breeding only about 6-7 cycles. Thus, if the desired fertilisation rate is obtained one cycle earlier, this may correspond to a significant revenue increase per sow. Also, the oscillation is less in this example which may improve the average number of live descendants over time.
  • follicle size instead of follicle size, also another characteristic can be measured (maybe even in addition to the follicle size) of which it is known that there is a very clear relationship with the ovulation time.
  • a characteristic may be for example uterus temperature and/or hormone level, in particular estrogen and/or progesterone in blood and/or urine.

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Claims (10)

  1. Procédé d'évaluation de l'oestrus de multiples animaux non humains pour prédire un intervalle d'insémination pour chaque animal non humain, comprenant pour chaque animal non humain :
    dans un premier cycle :
    - la détermination d'une valeur pour au moins une caractéristique de l'oestrus,
    - la prédiction de l'intervalle d'insémination sur la base de la détermination de ladite valeur,
    - l'insémination de l'animal dans ledit intervalle,
    - l'établissement d'un taux de fertilisation de l'animal inséminé,
    dans un deuxième cycle :
    - la détermination d'une nouvelle valeur pour ladite ou lesdites caractéristiques de l'oestrus, et
    - la prédiction d'un nouvel intervalle d'insémination pour ledit animal en utilisant la détermination de la nouvelle valeur et le taux de fertilisation.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les étapes suivantes sont ajoutées au deuxième cycle :
    - insémination de l'animal dans ledit nouvel intervalle,
    - établissement d'un nouveau taux de fertilisation de l'animal inséminé,
    après quoi un troisième cycle suit comprenant les étapes de :
    - détermination d'une deuxième nouvelle valeur pour ladite ou lesdites caractéristiques de l'oestrus, et
    - prédiction d'un deuxième nouvel intervalle d'insémination en utilisant la détermination de la deuxième nouvelle valeur et le nouveau taux de fertilisation.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les étapes suivantes sont ajoutées au troisième cycle :
    - insémination de l'animal dans ledit deuxième nouvel intervalle d'insémination,
    - établissement d'un deuxième nouveau taux de fertilisation de l'animal inséminé,
    après quoi n cycles supplémentaires suivent, n étant un nombre entier naturel, chaque cycle comprenant les étapes de :
    - détermination d'une autre nouvelle valeur pour ladite ou lesdites caractéristiques de l'oestrus,
    - prédiction d'un autre nouvel intervalle d'insémination en utilisant la détermination de ladite autre nouvelle valeur et le deuxième nouveau taux de fertilisation,
    - insémination de l'animal dans ledit autre un nouvel intervalle d'insémination, et
    - établissement d'un autre nouveau taux de fertilisation de l'animal inséminé, ledit autre nouveau taux de fertilisation étant utilisé dans un cycle subséquent facultatif desdits n cycles supplémentaires.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le même algorithme de prédiction d'un intervalle d'insémination est utilisé pour tous les animaux.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'un algorithme dédié est utilisé par animal ou groupe d'animaux pour prédire un intervalle d'insémination pour cet animal ou pour ce groupe d'animaux.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que pour la détermination d'une valeur d'au moins une caractéristique de l'oestrus un capteur est utilisé qui est mis en liaison fonctionnelle avec chacun desdits multiples animaux par balayage des animaux dans un ordre consécutif.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la valeur de la ou des caractéristiques de l'oestrus de l'animal est déterminée à des intervalles prédéterminés, d'au moins 1 heure, de préférence d'au moins 2 heures et de manière davantage préférée de 3 à 8 heures.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une valeur est déterminée pour une caractéristique sélectionnée dans le groupe constitué d'un réflexe de redressement, d'un mouvement, de la température corporelle, en particulier de la peau, de la température rectale ou vulvaire, de l'apparence de la vulve, en particulier de la couleur et/ou du degré de gonflement, de la décharge de sécrétions vulvaires, de la turbidité des sécrétions vulvaires ou de la conductivité des sécrétions vulvaires.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'une valeur d'une première caractéristique est déterminée chaque cycle, alors qu'une valeur de température de l'utérus et/ou de niveau hormonal, en particulier des oestrogènes et/ou de la progestérone dans le sang et/ou l'urine, et/ou de taille des follicules est déterminée dans le premier cycle uniquement et facultativement dans un ou plusieurs des cycles suivants jusqu'à ce qu'une prédiction de l'intervalle d'insémination conduise à un taux de fertilisation prédéterminé, après quoi uniquement une valeur de la première caractéristique est déterminée dans un cycle suivant.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en que l'animal est inséminé automatiquement durant l'intervalle d'insémination prédit.
EP12718169.1A 2011-04-26 2012-04-24 Procédé pour prédire un intervalle d'insémination d'un animal Not-in-force EP2701608B1 (fr)

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EP11163771 2011-04-26
EP12718169.1A EP2701608B1 (fr) 2011-04-26 2012-04-24 Procédé pour prédire un intervalle d'insémination d'un animal
PCT/EP2012/057478 WO2012146583A1 (fr) 2011-04-26 2012-04-24 Procédé pour prédire un intervalle d'insémination d'un animal et système pour appliquer ce procédé

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US9677869B2 (en) 2012-12-05 2017-06-13 Perimeter Medical Imaging, Inc. System and method for generating a wide-field OCT image of a portion of a sample
WO2019014767A1 (fr) 2017-07-18 2019-01-24 Perimeter Medical Imaging, Inc. Récipient d'échantillon pour stabiliser et aligner des échantillons de tissu biologique excisés pour analyse ex vivo
CN114097628A (zh) * 2020-12-31 2022-03-01 重庆市六九畜牧科技股份有限公司 后备母猪发情监测管理方法

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ES2556603T3 (es) 2016-01-19
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EP2701608A1 (fr) 2014-03-05

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