EP2694250B1 - Device for polishing workpiece surfaces - Google Patents

Device for polishing workpiece surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2694250B1
EP2694250B1 EP12715596.8A EP12715596A EP2694250B1 EP 2694250 B1 EP2694250 B1 EP 2694250B1 EP 12715596 A EP12715596 A EP 12715596A EP 2694250 B1 EP2694250 B1 EP 2694250B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polishing
tool
chamber
polishing head
shank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP12715596.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2694250A1 (en
Inventor
Tobias NÜßLEIN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deckel Maho Seebach GmbH
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Deckel Maho Seebach GmbH
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Publication of EP2694250A1 publication Critical patent/EP2694250A1/en
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Publication of EP2694250B1 publication Critical patent/EP2694250B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B29/00—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents
    • B24B29/02—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents designed for particular workpieces
    • B24B29/04—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents designed for particular workpieces for rotationally symmetrical workpieces, e.g. ball-, cylinder- or cone-shaped workpieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B29/00—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B31/00—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
    • B24B31/10—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor involving other means for tumbling of work
    • B24B31/116—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor involving other means for tumbling of work using plastically deformable grinding compound, moved relatively to the workpiece under the influence of pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B57/00—Devices for feeding, applying, grading or recovering grinding, polishing or lapping agents
    • B24B57/02—Devices for feeding, applying, grading or recovering grinding, polishing or lapping agents for feeding of fluid, sprayed, pulverised, or liquefied grinding, polishing or lapping agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D13/00—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor
    • B24D13/14—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor acting by the front face
    • B24D13/147—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor acting by the front face comprising assemblies of felted or spongy material; comprising pads surrounded by a flexible material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for polishing preferably metallic workpiece surfaces, which has a polishing tool movable in several axes with a polishing head attached thereto.
  • the polishing tool includes a tool shank that is attached via a tool holder in a spindle of a special polishing machine or a robot. On the tool shank a hollow cylindrical head is mounted, in the outwardly open chamber a cylindrical polishing element is received longitudinally movable. The inner rear side of the rotating and oscillating moving polishing element is acted upon by a polishing suspension, which presses the polishing element with its annular cylindrical polishing surface against the curved surface of the glass workpiece.
  • the polishing suspension passes through an annular gap between the polishing element and the chamber wall on the glass surface to be polished.
  • This device can not be used in program-controlled milling machines and machining centers and can not process the tight bulges that are common in press molds with the required accuracy.
  • the polishing head is pressed by a built-in spring element with a predetermined pressure to be smoothed to the mold surface of each workpiece, the size of this Antiks set via the machine control can be.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a system for automated polishing of particular machined workpiece surfaces by means of a program-controlled milling machine, which can be integrated into the workflows of the milling machine and ensures optimization of the polishing operations and a controlled feeding of the polishing agent to the machined surface area.
  • the multi-purpose polishing tool which can be moved over the work spindle by the machine tool in several axes, in particular in five axes, contains a shank and a polishing head arranged at its free end.
  • the tool shank is attached to a tool holder, e.g. a so-called.
  • Tool taper, mountable which is clamped in the work spindle of the CNC-controlled milling machine in a conventional manner.
  • the rotationally driven in predetermined speed ranges of a few 1000 rpm on the work spindle polishing head is preferably made of a wear-resistant deformable material and is moved by means of the work spindle with a virtually constant slight pressure on the workpiece surface to be machined.
  • polishing tool or a series of different polishing tools is integrated into the functional system of a program-controlled milling machine preferably operating in five axes, so that After completion of the grinding or finishing work, if necessary, multi-stage polishing can be carried out on the workpiece in the same setting and with no time interruption.
  • the processing system according to the invention it is possible to maintain several polishing tools with the corresponding tool holders in a suitably designed tool magazine and to replace or replace them as required in the work spindle by means of the machine tool changer in a conventional manner. Since the polishing work, for example consisting of pre-polishing and high-gloss polishing, take a considerable amount of time, it is advisable to undertake the polishing of larger workpieces during the night shift.
  • a pressure medium channel communicating with the pressure medium supply of the machine tool is formed in the tool shaft, which leads either to the shaft end or up to a chamber in the shaft, which forms a piston-cylinder unit.
  • the piston of this piston-cylinder unit is acted upon by the longitudinal channel with pressure medium of the machine tool and presses against a polishing agent filling, with which the cylinder chamber is filled.
  • the pressure exerted on the piston which can be moved longitudinally in the chamber, the more or less viscous polishing agent is expelled into the polishing head via bores opening in the tool shank at the end. In this way, the polishing head is supplied with the polishing agent.
  • the polishing head has passages for the polishing agent, for which purpose the polishing head can have suitable porosity or fine through-holes.
  • the piston-cylinder unit is designed in the form of a replaceable cartridge, which can be inserted into the chamber of the tool shank.
  • This cartridge is preferably made of a suitable - low-priced - plastic and its cylinder chamber below the piston is filled with a predetermined amount of polishing agent.
  • the polishing agent may have a viscosity and grain size specifically selected for the particular polishing process to be carried out.
  • the tool shank can consist of several individual parts, for example a machine-side clamping part, which has fixing or clamping elements for fixed installation in a tool holder, as well as a shaft part containing the piston-cylinder unit and the polishing head.
  • the outside shaft part can be exchangeable, for example, have different diameters and lengths, so that various polishing operations can be performed. After releasing the connecting means to the machine-side clamping part, the outside shaft part can be disassembled and the cartridge exchanged for a new cartridge with the same or another polishing agent.
  • polishing head from suitable fiber composite materials.
  • suitable fiber composite materials consisting of an elastically deformable inner body and a firmly adhering to the surface of tissue made of extremely durable, tensile and temperature-resistant synthetic fibers, such as PBO fabric under the brand name "Zylon "are available.
  • PBO fabric the inner Gummitragores the polishing head be provided in one or more layers. Practically, the arrangement of a first layer of a felted fiber material and thereon a coarse mesh PBO fabric as wear protection is also possible.
  • the KS media such as internal cooling lubricant, external cooling lubricant and external blown air
  • the KS media are blocked during the polishing process. It is only the blown air through the spindle center of the work spindle used, which exerts the necessary pressure on the piston in the piston-cylinder unit and thus also on the polishing agent.
  • the regulation of this internal blowing air is effected by a pressure regulating valve, which is controlled by the machine control and thus regulates the quantity of polishing agent displaced from the chamber to the polishing head.
  • this amount of polishing agent delivered to the effective surface of the polishing head can be controlled by the pressure of the blowing air in the work spindle or also be adjusted or varied by means of an adjusting nozzle, the latter being arranged in the channel portion of the outer shaft part between the cylinder chamber and the polishing head.
  • Fig. 1 is the end part of a work spindle 1 in the axial partial section of a - not shown - in five axes, for example, program-controlled milling machine, said work spindle 1 is designed as a so-called. Motor spindle.
  • a hydraulically tensionable pliers 2 is axially displaceably mounted in its continuous central bore, with a tool holder 4 can be releasably secured by suitable internal tendons in the work spindle 1.
  • the work spindle 1 includes central flow channels for cooling lubricant and compressed air. These media are sprayed through the milling tool during machining on the machined workpiece surface.
  • tool holder 4 corresponds to the execution WZ_HSK63 the Fig. 4 , In a corresponding manner, instead of this tool holder 4, an in Fig. 3 shown steep taper tool holder WZ_SK40 be used - with appropriate design of the work spindle 1. Both tool holders can be automatically changed in and out of the work spindle by means of a common tool changer.
  • a polishing tool 10 which has a tool shank 15 assembled from two parts 11, 12 via a sleeve 13.
  • the two shaft parts 11, 12 have a cylindrical outer shape and consist to achieve a sufficient bending stiffness of metal or of a sufficiently strong and dimensionally stable plastic.
  • a here about hemispherical polishing head 16 is fixed, which may have a slightly larger outer diameter than the outer shaft portion 11.
  • the polishing head 16 is made of a suitable material, such as solidified felt, a sponge-like or brush-like material, a deformable within certain limits elastomer, a fiber composite od. Like. In practice, a polishing head has proven particularly useful, the inner body of a Rubber or elastomer of predetermined hardness, on the surface region, a fabric of high-strength synthetic fibers, eg made of a PBO fabric, is attached. These fibers are available under the brand name "Zylon".
  • each polishing head 16 has a rounded or spherical segment-shaped form and can be releasably or permanently attached to the free end portion of the shaft part 11, for example by gluing or vulcanization. Also practical is a milling head with a rotating wire brush whose wires are parallel to the axis of rotation of the wire brush and are aligned approximately perpendicular to the workpiece surface.
  • the tool shank 15 of the polishing tool 10 according to the invention may be formed in several parts or in one piece, wherein a required for polishing liquid or pasty polishing agent of suitable viscosity is applied to the outer surface of the polishing head 16 continuously or intermittently.
  • the multi-part tool shank 15 has a machine-side inner shank part 12, in which a central longitudinal channel 18 is formed. This longitudinal channel 18 is connected to the compressed air system of the milling machine or its work spindle.
  • the supply of compressed air in polishing operation via a in Fig. 5 schematically illustrated pressure control.
  • a pressure regulating valve 38 regulates the supply of the internal blast air in the work spindle 1.
  • the supply of other resources such as coolant to the work spindle 1 and the polishing tool 10 is locked during the polishing operation.
  • a Fixierkerbe 19 is formed to prevent rotation in the inner shaft portion 12, in which a screwed into the tool holder 4 countersunk screw 20 dips (see. Fig. 4 ).
  • left outer shaft portion 11 is a cylindrical chamber 22 in the form of a right-side open recess formed, which extends over a conical end portion 23 to a bore 24 of reduced diameter. Downstream of this bore 24 is located in an axial channel 25, a hahn shames control valve 26.
  • the channel 25 terminates in a surrounded by the polishing head 16 funnel-shaped pressure chamber 27, extending from the plurality of through holes 28 in the polishing head 16 to the outside.
  • bores 28 form passages for a polishing agent forced out of the chamber 22 by pressurizing the piston 31 that is displaceable longitudinally in this chamber 22.
  • the chamber 22 may be filled directly with a liquid or pasty polish, which is pressed by the action of external pressure on the longitudinally displaceable in the chamber 22 displacer 31 to the polishing head 16.
  • Fig. 2 removable.
  • a low-cost cartridge 30 used for example plastic, in which the piston 31 is guided axially displaceable.
  • This cartridge 30 extends over the entire length of the cylindrical chamber 22 into a deep annular groove in the widened end portion of the in Fig. 2 right shaft part 12.
  • the in Fig. 2 left chamber 32 of the cartridge 30 is filled with a suitable polishing agent. Compressed air is introduced via the central longitudinal channel 18 into the pressure chamber 33 on the right side of the piston 31 either continuously or in the form of temporally regulated pressure surges, whereby pressure forces exerted on the piston 31 are exerted to the left.
  • the cartridge 30 is held in a form-fitting manner in the cylindrical chamber 22 of the shaft part 11 and fixed in the shaft part 12 by the screw sleeve 13.
  • the cartridge 30 and also the piston 31 made of a suitable plastic and can after the complete Squeezing the polishing agent in a simple manner only by unscrewing the threaded sleeve 13 and pulling the cartridge 30 are replaced from the shaft portion 11.
  • the polishing head 16 preferably consists of a body of e.g. By fiber inserts solidified elastomer, for example, a rubber of predetermined hardness.
  • the surface of the polishing head 16 may be roughened and / or have recesses in the form of slots, notches or depressions which have some depot function for the polishing agent.
  • the polishing head 16 may also include a plurality of outer layers, one of which is an embodiment in Fig. 2a is shown.
  • the body of this polishing head 16 also consists of an optionally reinforced by short fibers elastomer on the top of a layer 29a of a fiber material, such as a felt, and on this layer 29a, a fabric 29b made of high-strength synthetic fibers are permanently attached.
  • This embodiment of the polishing head 16 is extremely resistant to wear, depending on the mesh size of the fabric 29b desired Abtragsraten and has excellent temperature resistance.
  • the two layers 29a and 29b are vulcanized into the rubber-like elastomeric material.
  • passages 28 are provided for the polishing agent in the form of fine bores or capillaries through which passes the polishing agent from the conical or funnel-shaped pressure chamber 27 to the outside of the polishing head.
  • the tool shaft 15 of the polishing tool 10 corresponds to the in Fig. 2 illustrated outer shaft portion 11, that is, the tool shaft 15 is integrally formed.
  • the tool holder SK40 is a steep taper receptacle, at the integrated end portion 35, a hollow cylindrical projection 36 is integrally formed.
  • a hollow cylindrical projection 36 engages a thickened end flange of the shaft part 11, which is fixed by means of a union nut 13.
  • the operation of this embodiment corresponds to that of the embodiment according to Fig. 2 , It can be a cartridge 30 with longitudinally movable piston 31 are used, which can be replaced after screwing the nut 13.
  • the cartridge 30 may also be omitted, in which case the polishing agent filling is introduced directly into the open chamber 22 of the dismantled tool shank and the displacer piston is positioned.
  • the Fig. 4 shows the in the tool holder 4 (WZ_HSK63) built-in polishing tool 10.
  • the machine-side inner shaft portion 12 is seated in the central recess of the workpiece holder 4 and is fixed by the engaging in the groove 19 bolts 20.
  • the outer shaft part 11 corresponds to those of the embodiments of the Fig. 1 to 3 ,
  • the polishing head 16 may also be cylindrical with a rounded peripheral edge, conical or cone-shaped, or even disk-shaped. Further, for the polishing head 16, a porous sponge-like material of sufficient strength can be selected which allows a continuous passage of the flowable polishing agent selected therefor.
  • a machining system is created, with which complex rake surfaces even complex contours automatically and without manual intervention regardless of the shape of the contours milled in a single clamping, ground and polished to high gloss can be polished.
  • the inventively trained polishing tools are used in the CNC-controlled five-axis milling machine as the conventional chip tools, ie held in a corresponding number in the respective tool magazine and loaded into the work spindle. Since the spindles of milling machines and machining centers used in the mold can work in several axes by corresponding pivoting movements of the spindle head or the workpiece table, the same or similar conditions result for the polishing as for the milling.
  • a polishing tool that is automatically loaded into the work spindle by means of the machine control and the tool changer is rotated and moved continuously or cyclically in several axes.
  • the adjustable speeds are usually several thousand to several 10,000 rpm.
  • the respectively optimized alignment of the polishing tool or the tool shank is specified in order to ensure that the most effective areas of the polishing head are effective on the workpiece surface. It is essential for the polishing process and also for the smoothness achieved that the polishing head moves with an optimum and practically constant pressure on the workpiece surface according to preselected parameters becomes.
  • the movements are given in terms of speed, trajectory and direction of the machine control, the polishing movements are repeated on the respective surface until the desired degree of polishing is achieved.
  • the constant slight pressure of the polishing head is achieved by working in the so-called "undersize", ie, the dimensions of the polishing head stored in the machine control take into account a desired deformation of the head material, which corresponds to a specific pressure value.
  • the pressure with which the polishing agent is pressed out of the cylinder chamber 32 corresponds to the pressure in the machine-side chamber 33, which is supplied via the channel 18 from the work spindle 1.
  • the working media of the milling machine such as the coolant and lubricant, the external compressed air, etc., switched off and only the working spindle inside the supplied blast air is effective.
  • This blown air is regulated by a in Fig. 5 illustrated pressure control valve 38 which is turned on in the compressed air supply line 39 to the work spindle 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Polieren von vorzugsweise metallischen Werkstückoberflächen, die ein in mehreren Achsen bewegbares Polierwerkzeug mit einem daran befestigten Polierkopf aufweist.The invention relates to a device for polishing preferably metallic workpiece surfaces, which has a polishing tool movable in several axes with a polishing head attached thereto.

Obgleich eine Vielzahl von Poliermaschinen mit Feinschleif- und/oder Polierwerkzeugen zum Polieren verschiedenartigster Werkstücke bekannt ist, werden bisher die gespanten Oberflächen von in Bearbeitungszentren und programmgesteuerten Fräsmaschinen hergestellten Formen manuell hochglanzpoliert. Bei großvolumigen Formen für Pressen sind die von Hand durchzuführenden Polierarbeiten mit einem extrem hohen Zeitaufwand verbunden. Da ferner die Formen häufig komplexe Oberflächen mit Rundungen, Kanten und Wölbungen aufweisen, war bisher ein automatisiertes Polieren der Gesamtflächen incl. ihrer kritischen Bereiche mittels der programmgesteuerten Fräsmaschine nicht möglich. Das bis zum Hochglanz meist mehrstufig manuell oder auch unter Verwendung von Handmaschinen durchzuführende Polieren von Press- und Gussformen ist äußerst zeitaufwendig und verlangt ein hochqualifiziertes, erfahrenes Personal.Although a variety of polishing machines with polishing and / or polishing tools for polishing a variety of workpieces is known, previously the machined surfaces of molds made in machining centers and program-controlled milling machines are manually polished. For large-volume molds for pressing, the manual polishing is extremely time-consuming. Furthermore, since the molds often have complex surfaces with curves, edges and bulges, so far was an automated polishing of the total area incl. Their critical areas using the program-controlled milling machine not possible. The polishing of molds and molds, which is usually carried out in a multi-level process up to high gloss by hand or using hand machines, is extremely time-consuming and requires a highly qualified, experienced staff.

Zum Polieren von einfach gewölbten Glasflächen bei der Herstellung von optischen Linsen ist es aus der DE 103 14 625 B3 bekannt, einen gezielten Materialabtrag an der Werkstückoberfläche durch Feinschleifen oder Polieren mittels eines drehangetriebenen Polierwerkzeugs vorzunehmen. Das Polierwerkzeug enthält einen Werkzeugschaft, der über eine Werkzeugaufnahme in einer Spindel einer speziellen Poliermaschine oder eines Roboters befestigt wird. Am Werkzeugschaft ist ein hohlzylindrischer Kopf montiert, in dessen nach außen offener Kammer ein zylindrisches Polierelement längsbeweglich aufgenommen ist. Die innere Rückseite des rotierend und oszillierend bewegten Polierelements wird von einer Poliersuspension beaufschlagt, die das Polierelement mit seiner ringzylindrischen Polierfläche gegen die gewölbte Oberfläche des Glas-Werkstücks drückt. Die Poliersuspension gelangt durch einen Ringspalt zwischen dem Polierelement und der Kammerwand auf die zu polierende Glasfläche. Diese Vorrichtung lässt sich nicht in programmgesteuerten Fräsmaschinen und Bearbeitungszentren einsetzen und kann die bei Pressformen häufigen engen Wölbungen nicht mit der erforderlichen Genauigkeit bearbeiten.For polishing of simply curved glass surfaces in the manufacture of optical lenses, it is from the DE 103 14 625 B3 known to perform a targeted removal of material on the workpiece surface by fine grinding or polishing by means of a rotary-driven polishing tool. The polishing tool includes a tool shank that is attached via a tool holder in a spindle of a special polishing machine or a robot. On the tool shank a hollow cylindrical head is mounted, in the outwardly open chamber a cylindrical polishing element is received longitudinally movable. The inner rear side of the rotating and oscillating moving polishing element is acted upon by a polishing suspension, which presses the polishing element with its annular cylindrical polishing surface against the curved surface of the glass workpiece. The polishing suspension passes through an annular gap between the polishing element and the chamber wall on the glass surface to be polished. This device can not be used in program-controlled milling machines and machining centers and can not process the tight bulges that are common in press molds with the required accuracy.

Ferner ist aus der DE 10 2006 017 664 A1 ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung für die Formenherstellung bekannt, bei dem eine dreidimensionale Form aus einem Materialblock mittels einer Bearbeitungsmaschine herausgefräst und anschließend die Formoberfläche in mehreren Bearbeitungsvorgängen mittels der in fünf Achsen bewegbaren Arbeitsspindel durch Feinschleifen und Polieren geglättet wird. Die zum Polieren eingesetzten Werkzeuge weisen einen etwa kugelförmigen Kopf auf, der am freien Ende eines längs bewegbaren Stifts befestigt ist. Der Polierkopf besteht aus einem geeigneten in Grenzen verformbaren Werkstoff, beispielsweise aus Filz, Gewebefasern, Kunststoff, etc. Der Polierkopf wird durch ein eingebautes Federelement mit vorgegebenem Andruck an die zu glättende Formoberfläche des jeweiligen Werkstücks angedrückt, wobei die Größe dieses Andrucks über die Maschinensteuerung eingestellt werden kann. Allerdings ergeben sich bei diesen Poliervorgängen Probleme bei der wirksamen Zufuhr des Poliermittels zu dem zu bearbeitenden Oberflächenbereich.Furthermore, from the DE 10 2006 017 664 A1 discloses a method and apparatus for mold making, in which a three-dimensional shape is milled out of a block of material by means of a processing machine and then the mold surface is smoothed in several machining operations by means of five-axis movable work spindle by fine grinding and polishing. The tools used for polishing have an approximately spherical head which is attached to the free end of a longitudinally movable pin. The polishing head consists of a suitable deformable material within limits, for example, felt, fabric fibers, plastic, etc. The polishing head is pressed by a built-in spring element with a predetermined pressure to be smoothed to the mold surface of each workpiece, the size of this Andrucks set via the machine control can be. However, problems arise in these polishing operations in the effective supply of the polishing agent to the surface area to be processed.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein System zum automatisierten Polieren von insbesondere gespanten Werkstückoberflächen mittels einer programmgesteuerten Fräsmaschine zu schaffen, das in die Arbeitsabläufe der Fräsmaschine integrierbar ist und eine Optimierung der Poliervorgänge sowie eine geregelte Zuführung des Poliermittels zum bearbeiteten Oberflächenbereich gewährleistet.The object of the invention is to provide a system for automated polishing of particular machined workpiece surfaces by means of a program-controlled milling machine, which can be integrated into the workflows of the milling machine and ensures optimization of the polishing operations and a controlled feeding of the polishing agent to the machined surface area.

Zur Lösung der vorgenannten Aufgabe ist gemäß Anspruch 1 Gegenstand der Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zum Polieren von spanend bearbeiteten Werkstücken, die ein in die Arbeitsspindel der Bearbeitungsmaschine einwechselbares Polierwerkzeug mit einem daran endseitig angeordneten Polierkopf aufweist, wobei der Werkzeugschaft des Polierwerkzeugs eine mit Druck beaufschlagte Kammer enthält, die zumindest teilweise mit Poliermittel gefüllt und mit dem Polierkopf verbunden ist, wobei dieser Polierkopf Durchgänge für das aus der Kammer verdrängte Poliermittel aufweist. Das über die Arbeitsspindel von der Werkzeugmaschine in mehreren Achsen, insbesondere in fünf Achsen, bewegbare mehrteilige Polierwerkzeug enthält einen Schaft und einen an dessen freiem Ende angeordneten Polierkopf. Der Werkzeugschaft ist an einer Werkzeugaufnahme, z.B. einem sog. Werkzeugkegel, montierbar, die in der Arbeitsspindel der CNC-gesteuerten Fräsmaschine in herkömmlicher Weise eingespannt wird. Der in vorgegebenen Drehzahlbereichen von einigen 1000 Upm über die Arbeitsspindel drehangetriebene Polierkopf besteht vorzugsweise aus einem verschleißfesten verformbaren Material und wird mittels der Arbeitsspindel mit einem praktisch konstanten leichten Andruck auf der zu bearbeitenden Werkstückfläche bewegt.To achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1, an apparatus for polishing machined workpieces, which has a polishing tool einwechselbares in the work spindle of the machine tool with a polishing head arranged thereon, wherein the tool shank of the polishing tool contains a pressurized chamber, which is at least partially filled with polishing agent and connected to the polishing head, said polishing head has passages for the displaced from the chamber polishing agent. The multi-purpose polishing tool which can be moved over the work spindle by the machine tool in several axes, in particular in five axes, contains a shank and a polishing head arranged at its free end. The tool shank is attached to a tool holder, e.g. a so-called. Tool taper, mountable, which is clamped in the work spindle of the CNC-controlled milling machine in a conventional manner. The rotationally driven in predetermined speed ranges of a few 1000 rpm on the work spindle polishing head is preferably made of a wear-resistant deformable material and is moved by means of the work spindle with a virtually constant slight pressure on the workpiece surface to be machined.

Ein wesentlicher Aspekt der Erfindung ist darin zu sehen, dass das Polierwerkzeug bzw. auch eine Serie von unterschiedlichen Polierwerkzeugen in das Funktionssystem einer vorzugsweise in fünf Achsen arbeitenden programmgesteuerten Fräsmaschine integriert ist, sodass nach Beendigung der Schleif- bzw. Schlichtarbeiten ein ggf. mehrstufiges Polieren an dem Werkstück in gleicher Aufspannung und ohne zeitliche Unterbrechung vorgenommen werden kann. In dem erfindungsgemäßen Bearbeitungssystem besteht die Möglichkeit, mehrere Polierwerkzeuge mit den entsprechenden Werkzeugaufnahmen in einem entsprechend ausgelegten Werkzeugmagazin vorzuhalten und diese bei Bedarf mittels des maschineneigenen Werkzeugwechslers in herkömmlicher Weise in die Arbeitsspindel ein- bzw. auszuwechseln. Da die Polierarbeiten, beispielsweise bestehend aus Vorpolitur und Hochglanzpolieren, eine erhebliche Zeit in Anspruch nehmen, empfiehlt es sich, das Polieren von größeren Werkstücken während der Nachtschicht vorzunehmen.An essential aspect of the invention is to be seen in the fact that the polishing tool or a series of different polishing tools is integrated into the functional system of a program-controlled milling machine preferably operating in five axes, so that After completion of the grinding or finishing work, if necessary, multi-stage polishing can be carried out on the workpiece in the same setting and with no time interruption. In the processing system according to the invention, it is possible to maintain several polishing tools with the corresponding tool holders in a suitably designed tool magazine and to replace or replace them as required in the work spindle by means of the machine tool changer in a conventional manner. Since the polishing work, for example consisting of pre-polishing and high-gloss polishing, take a considerable amount of time, it is advisable to undertake the polishing of larger workpieces during the night shift.

Erfindungsgemäß ist im Werkzeugschaft ein mit der Druckmittelversorgung der Werkzeugmaschine kommunizierender Druckmittelkanal ausgebildet, der entweder bis zum Schaftende oder aber bis zu einer Kammer im Schaft führt, die eine Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit bildet. Der Kolben dieser Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit wird über den Längskanal mit Druckmittel der Werkzeugmaschine beaufschlagt und drückt gegen eine Poliermittelfüllung, mit welcher die Zylinderkammer gefüllt ist. Durch den auf den in der Kammer längs verschiebbaren Kolben ausgeübten Druck wird das mehr oder weniger viskose Poliermittel über endseitig ausmündende Bohrungen im Werkzeugschaft in den Polierkopf ausgetrieben. Auf diese Weise wird der Polierkopf mit dem Poliermittel versorgt. Damit das Poliermittel in ausreichender und einstellbarer Menge an die Außenfläche des Polierkopfes gelangen kann, weist der Polierkopf Durchgänge für das Poliermittel auf, wobei hierzu der Polierkopf eine geeignete Porosität oder feine Durchgangsbohrungen aufweisen kann. Durch die bei der Rotation des Polierkopfes wirksamen Zentrifugalkräfte erfolgt eine gleichmäßige Verteilung des Poliermittels an der Kopfoberfläche.According to the invention, a pressure medium channel communicating with the pressure medium supply of the machine tool is formed in the tool shaft, which leads either to the shaft end or up to a chamber in the shaft, which forms a piston-cylinder unit. The piston of this piston-cylinder unit is acted upon by the longitudinal channel with pressure medium of the machine tool and presses against a polishing agent filling, with which the cylinder chamber is filled. As a result of the pressure exerted on the piston which can be moved longitudinally in the chamber, the more or less viscous polishing agent is expelled into the polishing head via bores opening in the tool shank at the end. In this way, the polishing head is supplied with the polishing agent. In order that the polishing agent can reach the outer surface of the polishing head in a sufficient and adjustable amount, the polishing head has passages for the polishing agent, for which purpose the polishing head can have suitable porosity or fine through-holes. By acting on the rotation of the polishing head centrifugal forces there is a uniform distribution of the polishing agent on the head surface.

Bei einer für die Praxis besonders zweckmäßigen Variante der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist die Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit in Form einer auswechselbaren Kartusche ausgebildet, die in die Kammer des Werkzeugschaftes eingesetzt werden kann. Diese Kartusche besteht vorzugsweise aus einem geeigneten - preisgünstigen - Kunststoff und ihre Zylinderkammer unterhalb des Kolbens ist mit einer vorgegebenen Menge an Poliermittel gefüllt. Das Poliermittel kann eine für den jeweils durchzuführenden Poliervorgang gezielt ausgewählte Viskosität und Körnung haben.In a particularly practical variant of the device according to the invention, the piston-cylinder unit is designed in the form of a replaceable cartridge, which can be inserted into the chamber of the tool shank. This cartridge is preferably made of a suitable - low-priced - plastic and its cylinder chamber below the piston is filled with a predetermined amount of polishing agent. The polishing agent may have a viscosity and grain size specifically selected for the particular polishing process to be carried out.

Vorzugsweise kann der Werkzeugschaft aus mehreren Einzelteilen bestehen, beispielsweise aus einem maschinenseitigen Einspannteil, der Fixier- bzw. Spannelemente für den festen Einbau in eine Werkzeugaufnahme aufweist, sowie aus einem die Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit und den Polierkopf enthaltenden Schaftteil. Bei diesem Polierwerkzeug kann der außenseitige Schaftteil austauschbar sein, beispielsweise unterschiedliche Durchmesser und Längen haben, damit verschiedenartige Polierarbeiten ausgeführt werden können. Nach Lösen der Verbindungsmittel zum maschinenseitigen Einspannteil kann der außenseitige Schaftteil demontiert und die Kartusche gegen eine neue Kartusche mit gleichem oder anderem Poliermittel ausgetauscht werden.Preferably, the tool shank can consist of several individual parts, for example a machine-side clamping part, which has fixing or clamping elements for fixed installation in a tool holder, as well as a shaft part containing the piston-cylinder unit and the polishing head. In this polishing tool, the outside shaft part can be exchangeable, for example, have different diameters and lengths, so that various polishing operations can be performed. After releasing the connecting means to the machine-side clamping part, the outside shaft part can be disassembled and the cartridge exchanged for a new cartridge with the same or another polishing agent.

Eine optimierte Anpassung an unterschiedliche Werkstückmaterialien und -formen kann gemäß einer anderen zweckmäßigen Weiterbildung der Erfindung erreicht werden, indem der Polierkopf aus geeigneten Faser-Verbund-Werkstoffen hergestellt wird. Durch eine lösbare Verbindung des Polierkopfes mit dem außenseitigen Schaftteil können beispielsweise verschlissene Polierköpfe schnell und einfach ausgetauscht werden. Als hinsichtlich Abtragswirkung und Verschleiß besonders geeignete Materialien haben sich Verbundwerkstoffe erwiesen, bestehend aus einem elastisch verformbaren Innenkörper und einem auf dessen Oberfläche fest haftend aufgebrachten Gewebe aus extrem belastbaren, zugfesten und temperaturbeständigen synthetischen Fasern, wie sie beispielsweise als PBO-Gewebe unter dem Markennamen "Zylon" erhältlich sind. Mit diesem PBO-Gewebe kann der innere Gummitragkörper des Polierkopfes ein- oder mehrlagig versehen sein. Praktisch möglich ist auch die Anordnung einer ersten Lage aus einem verfilzten Fasermaterial und darauf einem grobmaschigen PBO-Gewebe als Verschleißschutz.An optimized adaptation to different workpiece materials and shapes can be achieved according to another expedient development of the invention by producing the polishing head from suitable fiber composite materials. By a detachable connection of the polishing head with the outside shaft part can For example, worn polishing heads can be replaced quickly and easily. As in terms of abrasion and wear particularly suitable materials composites have proven, consisting of an elastically deformable inner body and a firmly adhering to the surface of tissue made of extremely durable, tensile and temperature-resistant synthetic fibers, such as PBO fabric under the brand name "Zylon "are available. With this PBO fabric, the inner Gummitragkörper the polishing head be provided in one or more layers. Practically, the arrangement of a first layer of a felted fiber material and thereon a coarse mesh PBO fabric as wear protection is also possible.

Bei den programmgesteuerten Fräsmaschinen und Bearbeitungszentren, in denen die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung eingesetzt wird, sind die KS-Medien, wie interner Kühlschmierstoff, externer Kühlschmierstoff und äußere Blasluft, während der Polierbearbeitung gesperrt. Es wird lediglich die Blasluft durch die Spindelmitte der Arbeitsspindel verwendet, die den erforderlichen Druck auf den Kolben in der Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit und damit auch auf das Poliermittel ausübt. Die Regulierung dieser internen Blasluft erfolgt durch ein Druckregelventil, das von der Maschinensteuerung angesteuert wird und damit die aus der Kammer zum Polierkopf hin verdrängte Poliermittelmenge reguliert. Diese auf die wirksame Oberfläche des Polierkopfes geförderte Menge an Poliermittel kann je nach den Polieraufgaben, den zu bearbeitenden Materialien, der Zusammensetzung des Poliermittels sowie auch anderer Parameter des Poliervorgangs, z.B. des Andruckes des Polierkopfes an das Werkstück, über den Druck der Blasluft in der Arbeitsspindel oder auch mittels einer Einstelldüse eingestellt bzw. variiert werden, wobei letztere in dem Kanalabschnitt des äußeren Schaftteils zwischen der Zylinderkammer und dem Polierkopf angeordnet ist.In the program-controlled milling machines and machining centers in which the device according to the invention is used, the KS media, such as internal cooling lubricant, external cooling lubricant and external blown air, are blocked during the polishing process. It is only the blown air through the spindle center of the work spindle used, which exerts the necessary pressure on the piston in the piston-cylinder unit and thus also on the polishing agent. The regulation of this internal blowing air is effected by a pressure regulating valve, which is controlled by the machine control and thus regulates the quantity of polishing agent displaced from the chamber to the polishing head. Depending on the polishing tasks, the materials to be processed, the composition of the polishing agent and also other parameters of the polishing process, eg the pressure of the polishing head against the workpiece, this amount of polishing agent delivered to the effective surface of the polishing head can be controlled by the pressure of the blowing air in the work spindle or also be adjusted or varied by means of an adjusting nozzle, the latter being arranged in the channel portion of the outer shaft part between the cylinder chamber and the polishing head.

Im Folgenden werden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung im Einzelnen beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
den vorderen Teil einer Frässpindel, eine Werkzeugaufnahme und eine Ausführung eines Polierwerkzeugs in teilgeschnittener Seitenansicht;
Fig. 2
ein Polierwerkzeug ohne Werkzeugaufnahme im Axialschnitt;
Fig. 2a
den vorderen Teil des Polierwerkzeugs nach Fig. 2 mit einem abgewandelten Polierkopf im Axialschnitt;
Fig. 3, 4
in unterschiedliche Werkzeugaufnahmen eingespannte Polierwerkzeuge in teilgeschnittener Seitenansicht;
Fig. 5
ein Schaltbild der inneren Blasluft-Steuerung der Arbeitsspindel mit einem Druckregelventil.
In the following, embodiments of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
the front part of a milling spindle, a tool holder and an embodiment of a polishing tool in a partially sectioned side view;
Fig. 2
a polishing tool without tool holder in axial section;
Fig. 2a
the front part of the polishing tool Fig. 2 with a modified polishing head in axial section;
Fig. 3, 4
in different tool holders clamped polishing tools in a partially sectioned side view;
Fig. 5
a diagram of the internal blast air control of the work spindle with a pressure control valve.

In Fig. 1 ist der Endteil einer Arbeitsspindel 1 im axialen Teilschnitt einer - nicht dargestellten - in z.B. fünf Achsen programmgesteuerten Fräsmaschine dargestellt, wobei diese Arbeitsspindel 1 als sog. Motorspindel ausgebildet ist. In dieser Arbeitsspindel 1 ist in ihrer durchgehenden Zentralbohrung eine hydraulisch spannbare Zange 2 axial verschiebbar gelagert, mit der eine Werkzeugaufnahme 4 über geeignete innere Spannglieder in der Arbeitsspindel 1 lösbar fixiert werden kann. Weiterhin enthält die Arbeitsspindel 1 zentrale Strömungskanäle für Kühlschmiermittel und Druckluft. Diese Medien werden während der Fräsbearbeitung durch das Fräswerkzeug hindurch auf die bearbeitete Werkstückfläche gespritzt. Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Werkzeugaufnahme 4 entspricht der Ausführung WZ_HSK63 der Fig. 4. In entsprechender Weise kann statt dieser Werkzeugaufnahme 4 eine in Fig. 3 dargestellte Steilkegel-Werkzeugaufnahme WZ_SK40 eingesetzt werden - bei entsprechender Ausgestaltung der Arbeitsspindel 1. Beide Werkzeugaufnahmen können mittels eines gebräuchlichen Werkzeugwechslers automatisch in die Arbeitsspindel ein- und ausgewechselt werden.In Fig. 1 is the end part of a work spindle 1 in the axial partial section of a - not shown - in five axes, for example, program-controlled milling machine, said work spindle 1 is designed as a so-called. Motor spindle. In this work spindle 1, a hydraulically tensionable pliers 2 is axially displaceably mounted in its continuous central bore, with a tool holder 4 can be releasably secured by suitable internal tendons in the work spindle 1. Furthermore, the work spindle 1 includes central flow channels for cooling lubricant and compressed air. These media are sprayed through the milling tool during machining on the machined workpiece surface. In the Fig. 1 shown tool holder 4 corresponds to the execution WZ_HSK63 the Fig. 4 , In a corresponding manner, instead of this tool holder 4, an in Fig. 3 shown steep taper tool holder WZ_SK40 be used - with appropriate design of the work spindle 1. Both tool holders can be automatically changed in and out of the work spindle by means of a common tool changer.

In der Zeichnung ist als ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ein Polierwerkzeug 10 dargestellt, das einen aus zwei Teilen 11, 12 über eine Muffe 13 zusammengebauten Werkzeugschaft 15 aufweist. Die beiden Schaftteile 11, 12 haben eine zylindrische Außenform und bestehen zur Erzielung einer ausreichenden Biegesteifigkeit aus Metall oder aus einem ausreichend festen und formbeständigen Kunststoff. Am freien Ende des äußeren Schaftteils 11 ist ein hier etwa halbkugelförmiger Polierkopf 16 befestigt, der einen geringfügig größeren Außendurchmesser als der äußere Schaftteil 11 haben kann.In the drawing, as an embodiment of the invention, a polishing tool 10 is shown, which has a tool shank 15 assembled from two parts 11, 12 via a sleeve 13. The two shaft parts 11, 12 have a cylindrical outer shape and consist to achieve a sufficient bending stiffness of metal or of a sufficiently strong and dimensionally stable plastic. At the free end of the outer shaft part 11, a here about hemispherical polishing head 16 is fixed, which may have a slightly larger outer diameter than the outer shaft portion 11.

Der Polierkopf 16 besteht aus einem geeigneten Material, beispielsweise aus verfestigtem Filz, aus einem schwammartigen oder bürstenartigen Werkstoff, einem in gewissen Grenzen formbaren Elastomer, einem Faserverbundwerkstoff od. dgl. In der Praxis hat sich ein Polierkopf besonders bewährt, der einen inneren Körper aus einem Gummi oder Elastomer von vorbestimmter Härte aufweist, auf dessen Oberflächenbereich ein Gewebe aus hochfesten synthetischen Fasern, z.B. aus einem PBO-Gewebe, befestigt ist. Diese Fasern sind unter dem Markennamen "Zylon" erhältlich.The polishing head 16 is made of a suitable material, such as solidified felt, a sponge-like or brush-like material, a deformable within certain limits elastomer, a fiber composite od. Like. In practice, a polishing head has proven particularly useful, the inner body of a Rubber or elastomer of predetermined hardness, on the surface region, a fabric of high-strength synthetic fibers, eg made of a PBO fabric, is attached. These fibers are available under the brand name "Zylon".

In den Figuren 2, 2a sind zwei mögliche Ausführungen von Polierköpfen 16 im schematischen Axialschnitt dargestellt. Wie ersichtlich hat jeder Polierkopf 16 eine abgerundete bzw. kugelsegmentförmige Gestalt und kann am freien Endabschnitt des Schaftteils 11 lösbar oder auch dauerhaft beispielsweise durch Klebung oder Vulkanisation befestigt sein. Praktikabel ist auch ein Fräskopf mit einer rotierenden Drahtbürste, deren Drähte parallel zur Drehachse der Drahtbürste verlaufen und etwa senkrecht zur Werkstückoberfläche ausgerichtet sind.In the Figures 2, 2a two possible embodiments of polishing heads 16 are shown in schematic axial section. As can be seen, each polishing head 16 has a rounded or spherical segment-shaped form and can be releasably or permanently attached to the free end portion of the shaft part 11, for example by gluing or vulcanization. Also practical is a milling head with a rotating wire brush whose wires are parallel to the axis of rotation of the wire brush and are aligned approximately perpendicular to the workpiece surface.

Der Werkzeugschaft 15 des erfindungsgemäßen Polierwerkzeugs 10 kann mehrteilig oder auch einteilig ausgebildet sein, wobei ein zum Polieren benötigtes flüssiges oder pastöses Poliermittel geeigneter Viskosität auf die Außenfläche des Polierkopfes 16 kontinuierlich oder intermittierend aufgebracht wird. Der mehrteilige Werkzeugschaft 15 weist einen maschinenseitigen inneren Schaftteil 12 auf, in dem ein zentraler Längskanal 18 ausgebildet ist. Dieser Längskanal 18 ist an das Druckluftsystem der Fräsmaschine bzw. deren Arbeitsspindel angeschlossen. Die Zuleitung der Druckluft im Polierbetrieb erfolgt über eine in Fig. 5 schematisch dargestellte Druckregelung. Ein Druckregelventil 38 reguliert die Zufuhr der inneren Blasluft in die Arbeitsspindel 1. Die Zufuhr anderer Betriebsmittel wie Kühlschmierstoff zur Arbeitsspindel 1 bzw. zum Polierwerkzeug 10 ist während des Polierbetriebs gesperrt.The tool shank 15 of the polishing tool 10 according to the invention may be formed in several parts or in one piece, wherein a required for polishing liquid or pasty polishing agent of suitable viscosity is applied to the outer surface of the polishing head 16 continuously or intermittently. The multi-part tool shank 15 has a machine-side inner shank part 12, in which a central longitudinal channel 18 is formed. This longitudinal channel 18 is connected to the compressed air system of the milling machine or its work spindle. The supply of compressed air in polishing operation via a in Fig. 5 schematically illustrated pressure control. A pressure regulating valve 38 regulates the supply of the internal blast air in the work spindle 1. The supply of other resources such as coolant to the work spindle 1 and the polishing tool 10 is locked during the polishing operation.

Wie aus Fig. 2 weiter ersichtlich, ist zur Drehsicherung in dem inneren Schaftteil 12 eine Fixierkerbe 19 ausgebildet, in die eine in die Werkzeugaufnahme 4 eingeschraubte Senkschraube 20 eintaucht (vgl. Fig. 4). In dem in Fig. 2 linken äußeren Schaftteil 11 ist eine zylindrische Kammer 22 in Form einer rechtsseitig offenen Ausnehmung ausgebildet, die sich über einen konischen Endabschnitt 23 zu einer Bohrung 24 von verringertem Durchmesser erstreckt. Stromab dieser Bohrung 24 befindet sich in einem axialen Kanal 25 ein hahnartiges Stellventil 26. Der Kanal 25 endet in einem vom Polierkopf 16 umgebenen trichterförmigen Druckraum 27, von dem mehrere Durchgangsbohrungen 28 im Polierkopf 16 bis zu dessen Außenseite verlaufen. Diese Bohrungen 28 bilden Durchgänge für ein aus der Kammer 22 durch Druckbeaufschlagung des in dieser Kammer 22 längs verschiebbar vorgesehenen Kolbens 31 herausgedrücktes Poliermittels. Die Kammer 22 kann direkt mit einem flüssigen oder pastenförmigen Poliermittel gefüllt sein, das durch Einwirkung von äußerem Druck auf den in der Kammer 22 längsverschiebbaren Verdrängerkolben 31 zum Polierkopf 16 gedrückt wird.How out Fig. 2 can be seen, a Fixierkerbe 19 is formed to prevent rotation in the inner shaft portion 12, in which a screwed into the tool holder 4 countersunk screw 20 dips (see. Fig. 4 ). In the in Fig. 2 left outer shaft portion 11 is a cylindrical chamber 22 in the form of a right-side open recess formed, which extends over a conical end portion 23 to a bore 24 of reduced diameter. Downstream of this bore 24 is located in an axial channel 25, a hahnartiges control valve 26. The channel 25 terminates in a surrounded by the polishing head 16 funnel-shaped pressure chamber 27, extending from the plurality of through holes 28 in the polishing head 16 to the outside. These bores 28 form passages for a polishing agent forced out of the chamber 22 by pressurizing the piston 31 that is displaceable longitudinally in this chamber 22. The chamber 22 may be filled directly with a liquid or pasty polish, which is pressed by the action of external pressure on the longitudinally displaceable in the chamber 22 displacer 31 to the polishing head 16.

Bei dem Polierwerkzeug 10 nach Fig. 2 ist im Inneren der langgestreckten zylindrischen Kammer 22 im äußeren Schaftteil 11 der Kolben 31 in Axialrichtung verschiebbar angeordnet, dessen in Fig. 2 rechte Stirnseite von der inneren Blasluft der Arbeitsspindel beaufschlagt wird und gegen eine Füllung an Poliermittel in dem linken Abschnitt der Kammer drückt. Bei dieser Ausführung muss der Schaftteil 11 durch Lösen der Überwurfmutter 13 vom maschinenseitigen Schaftteil 12 getrennt werden, wenn das Poliermittel aufgebraucht ist und die Kammer 22 neu gefüllt werden muss; Gleiches gilt, wenn ein anderer Polierkopf 16 eingesetzt werden soll.In the polishing tool 10 after Fig. 2 is in the interior of the elongated cylindrical chamber 22 in the outer shaft portion 11 of the piston 31 slidably disposed in the axial direction, whose in Fig. 2 right end side is acted upon by the inner blowing air of the work spindle and presses against a filling of polishing agent in the left portion of the chamber. In this embodiment, the shaft portion 11 must be separated by loosening the nut 13 from the machine side shaft portion 12 when the polishing agent is used up and the chamber 22 must be refilled; The same applies if another polishing head 16 is to be used.

Eine vorteilhafte Variante ist der Fig. 2 entnehmbar. Bei dieser Ausführung ist in dem hohlzylindrischen Schaftteil 11, d.h. in der zylindrischen Kammer 22, eine preisgünstige Kartusche 30 aus z.B. Kunststoff eingesetzt, in welcher der Kolben 31 axial verschiebbar geführt ist. Diese Kartusche 30 erstreckt sich über die gesamte Länge der zylindrischen Kammer 22 bis in eine tiefe Ringnut im verbreiterten Endteil des in Fig. 2 rechten Schaftteils 12. Die in Fig. 2 linke Kammer 32 der Kartusche 30 ist mit einem geeigneten Poliermittel gefüllt. Druckluft wird über den zentralen Längskanal 18 in die Druckkammer 33 an der rechten Seite des Kolbens 31 entweder kontinuierlich oder in Form von zeitlich geregelten Druckstößen eingeführt, wodurch auf den Kolben 31 nach links gerichtete Druckkräfte ausgeübt werden. Die Kartusche 30 ist formschlüssig in der zylindrischen Kammer 22 des Schaftteils 11 gehalten und durch die Schraubmuffe 13 auch im Schaftteil 12 festgelegt. Vorzugsweise besteht die Kartusche 30 und auch der Kolben 31 aus einem geeigneten Kunststoff und kann nach dem vollständigen Herausdrücken des Poliermittels auf einfache Weise lediglich durch Aufschrauben der Gewindemuffe 13 und Herausziehen der Kartusche 30 aus dem Schaftteil 11 ausgewechselt werden.An advantageous variant is the Fig. 2 removable. In this embodiment, in the hollow cylindrical shaft part 11, that is, in the cylindrical chamber 22, a low-cost cartridge 30 used for example plastic, in which the piston 31 is guided axially displaceable. This cartridge 30 extends over the entire length of the cylindrical chamber 22 into a deep annular groove in the widened end portion of the in Fig. 2 right shaft part 12. The in Fig. 2 left chamber 32 of the cartridge 30 is filled with a suitable polishing agent. Compressed air is introduced via the central longitudinal channel 18 into the pressure chamber 33 on the right side of the piston 31 either continuously or in the form of temporally regulated pressure surges, whereby pressure forces exerted on the piston 31 are exerted to the left. The cartridge 30 is held in a form-fitting manner in the cylindrical chamber 22 of the shaft part 11 and fixed in the shaft part 12 by the screw sleeve 13. Preferably, the cartridge 30 and also the piston 31 made of a suitable plastic and can after the complete Squeezing the polishing agent in a simple manner only by unscrewing the threaded sleeve 13 and pulling the cartridge 30 are replaced from the shaft portion 11.

Bei den dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen besteht der Polierkopf 16 vorzugsweise aus einem Körper aus z.B. durch Fasereinlagen verfestigtem Elastomer, beispielsweise aus einem Gummi von vorgegebener Härte. Die Oberfläche des Polierkopfes 16 kann aufgerauht sein und/oder Vertiefungen in Form von Schlitzen, Kerben oder Einsenkungen aufweisen, die eine gewisse Depotfunktion für das Poliermittel haben.In the illustrated embodiments, the polishing head 16 preferably consists of a body of e.g. By fiber inserts solidified elastomer, for example, a rubber of predetermined hardness. The surface of the polishing head 16 may be roughened and / or have recesses in the form of slots, notches or depressions which have some depot function for the polishing agent.

Der Polierkopf 16 kann auch mehrere äußere Lagen enthalten, von denen eine Ausführung in Fig. 2a dargestellt ist. Der Körper dieses Polierkopfes 16 besteht ebenfalls aus einem ggf. durch kurze Fasern verstärkten Elastomer, auf dessen Oberseite eine Schicht 29a aus einem Faserwerkstoff, z.B. einem Filz, und auf dieser Schicht 29a ein Gewebe 29b aus hochfesten synthetischen Fasern dauerhaft befestigt sind. Diese Ausführung des Polierkopfes 16 ist außerordentlich verschleißfest, ergibt je nach der Maschenweite des Gewebes 29b gewünschte Abtragsraten und hat eine hervorragende Temperaturbeständigkeit. Vorzugsweise sind die beiden Lagen 29a und 29b in das gummiartige Elastomermaterial einvulkanisiert. Auch bei diesem Polierkopf 16 sind Durchgänge 28 für das Poliermittel in Form von feinen Bohrungen oder Kapillaren vorgesehen, über die das Poliermittel aus dem konischen bzw. trichterförmigen Druckraum 27 an die Außenseite des Polierkopfes gelangt.The polishing head 16 may also include a plurality of outer layers, one of which is an embodiment in Fig. 2a is shown. The body of this polishing head 16 also consists of an optionally reinforced by short fibers elastomer on the top of a layer 29a of a fiber material, such as a felt, and on this layer 29a, a fabric 29b made of high-strength synthetic fibers are permanently attached. This embodiment of the polishing head 16 is extremely resistant to wear, depending on the mesh size of the fabric 29b desired Abtragsraten and has excellent temperature resistance. Preferably, the two layers 29a and 29b are vulcanized into the rubber-like elastomeric material. Also in this polishing head 16 passages 28 are provided for the polishing agent in the form of fine bores or capillaries through which passes the polishing agent from the conical or funnel-shaped pressure chamber 27 to the outside of the polishing head.

Bei dem in Fig. 3 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel entspricht der Werkzeugschaft 15 des Polierwerkzeugs 10 dem in Fig. 2 dargestellten äußeren Schaftteil 11, d.h. der Werkzeugschaft 15 ist einteilig ausgebildet. Die Werkzeugaufnahme SK40 ist eine Steilkegel-Aufnahme, an deren integriertem Endteil 35 ein hohlzylindrischer Ansatz 36 angeformt ist. In diesen Ansatz 36 greift ein verdickter Endflansch des Schaftteils 11 ein, der mittels einer Überwurfmutter 13 fixiert wird. Die Funktionsweise dieses Ausführungsbeispiels entspricht derjenigen der Ausführung nach Fig. 2. Es kann eine Kartusche 30 mit darin längsbewegbarem Kolben 31 verwendet werden, die nach Aufschrauben der Überwurfmutter 13 ersetzt werden kann. Die Kartusche 30 kann auch weggelassen werden, wobei in diesem Fall die Poliermittel-Füllung direkt in die offene Kammer 22 des abgebauten Werkzeugschafts eingebracht und der Verdrängerkolben positioniert wird.At the in Fig. 3 illustrated embodiment, the tool shaft 15 of the polishing tool 10 corresponds to the in Fig. 2 illustrated outer shaft portion 11, that is, the tool shaft 15 is integrally formed. The tool holder SK40 is a steep taper receptacle, at the integrated end portion 35, a hollow cylindrical projection 36 is integrally formed. In this approach 36 engages a thickened end flange of the shaft part 11, which is fixed by means of a union nut 13. The operation of this embodiment corresponds to that of the embodiment according to Fig. 2 , It can be a cartridge 30 with longitudinally movable piston 31 are used, which can be replaced after screwing the nut 13. The cartridge 30 may also be omitted, in which case the polishing agent filling is introduced directly into the open chamber 22 of the dismantled tool shank and the displacer piston is positioned.

Die Fig. 4 zeigt das in die Werkzeugaufnahme 4 (WZ_HSK63) eingebaute Polierwerkzeug 10. Der maschinenseitige innere Schaftteil 12 sitzt in der zentralen Ausnehmung der Werkstückaufnahme 4 und wird durch den in die Nut 19 eingreifenden Schraubbolzen 20 fixiert. Der äußere Schaftteil 11 entspricht denen der Ausführungsbeispiele der Fig. 1 bis 3.The Fig. 4 shows the in the tool holder 4 (WZ_HSK63) built-in polishing tool 10. The machine-side inner shaft portion 12 is seated in the central recess of the workpiece holder 4 and is fixed by the engaging in the groove 19 bolts 20. The outer shaft part 11 corresponds to those of the embodiments of the Fig. 1 to 3 ,

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt. So kann der Polierkopf 16 statt der dargestellten balligen Außenform auch zylinderförmig mit abgerundeter Randkante, konisch bzw. kegelförmig oder auch scheibenförmig sein. Weiterhin kann für den Polierkopf 16 ein poröses schwammartiges Material von ausreichender Festigkeit gewählt werden, das einen kontinuierlichen Durchgang des hierfür ausgewählten fließfähigen Poliermittels zulässt.The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments. Thus, instead of the convex outer shape shown, the polishing head 16 may also be cylindrical with a rounded peripheral edge, conical or cone-shaped, or even disk-shaped. Further, for the polishing head 16, a porous sponge-like material of sufficient strength can be selected which allows a continuous passage of the flowable polishing agent selected therefor.

Mit der Erfindung wird ein Bearbeitungssystem geschaffen, mit welchem komplexe Spanflächen auch komplizierter Konturen automatisch und ohne manuelle Eingriffe unabhängig von der jeweiligen Form der Konturen in einer Aufspannung gefräst, geschliffen und bis auf Hochglanz poliert werden können. Zu diesem Zweck werden die erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Polierwerkzeuge in der CNC-gesteuerten Fünf-Achs-Fräsmaschine wie die herkömmlichen Spanwerkzeuge genutzt, d.h. in einer entsprechenden Anzahl in dem jeweiligen Werkzeugmagazin vorgehalten und in die Arbeitsspindel eingewechselt. Da die Arbeitsspindeln der im Formenbau eingesetzten Fräsmaschinen und Bearbeitungszentren in mehreren Achsen durch entsprechende Schwenkbewegungen des Spindelkopfes oder aber des Werkstücktisches arbeiten können, ergeben sich für das Polieren gleiche oder ähnliche Verhältnisse wie für die Fräsbearbeitung. Somit ergibt sich für die hochkomplexen programmgesteuerten Werkzeugmaschinen und Bearbeitungszentren eine weitere Nutzungsmöglichkeit, insbesondere während der Nachtschichten, durch die die zuvor in mehreren Fräsgängen gespanten Werkstücke geschliffen und letztendlich auch poliert werden können. Insbesondere die äußerst langwierigen Polierarbeiten ergeben eine beachtliche Zeit- und Kosteneinsparung. Bei dem Polierverfahren unter Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung wird ein in die Arbeitsspindel automatisch mittels der Maschinensteuerung und des Werkzeugwechslers eingewechseltes Polierwerkzeug drehangetrieben und in mehreren Achsen kontinuierlich oder zyklisch bewegt. Die einstellbaren Drehzahlen betragen in der Regel mehrere 1000 bis einige 10 000 Upm. Durch gesteuerte dreidimensionale Bewegungen der Arbeitsspindel und/oder des Werkstücks incl. der möglichen Schwenkbewegungen wird das Polierwerkzeug auf der zu bearbeitenden Werkstückfläche bewegt. Durch die Maschinensteuerung wird die jeweils optimierte Ausrichtung des Polierwerkzeugs bzw. des Werkzeugschafts vorgegeben, um damit sicherzustellen, dass die effektivsten Bereiche des Polierkopfes an der Werkstückoberfläche wirksam sind. Wesentlich für den Poliervorgang und auch für die erzielte Glätte ist, dass der Polierkopf mit einem nach vorgewählten Parametern optimalen praktisch konstanten Andruck an der Werkstückfläche bewegt wird. Die Bewegungen werden hinsichtlich Geschwindigkeit, Bahnverlauf und Richtung von der Maschinensteuerung vorgegeben, wobei die Polierbewegungen auf der jeweiligen Fläche so oft wiederholt werden, bis der gewünschte Poliergrad erreicht ist. Der konstante leichte Andruck des Polierkopfes wird dadurch erreicht, dass im sogenannten "Untermaß" gearbeitet wird, d.h., die in der Maschinensteuerung abgelegten Abmessungen des Polierkopfes berücksichtigen eine gewollte Verformung des Kopfmaterials, die einem bestimmten Druckwert entspricht.With the invention, a machining system is created, with which complex rake surfaces even complex contours automatically and without manual intervention regardless of the shape of the contours milled in a single clamping, ground and polished to high gloss can be polished. For this purpose, the inventively trained polishing tools are used in the CNC-controlled five-axis milling machine as the conventional chip tools, ie held in a corresponding number in the respective tool magazine and loaded into the work spindle. Since the spindles of milling machines and machining centers used in the mold can work in several axes by corresponding pivoting movements of the spindle head or the workpiece table, the same or similar conditions result for the polishing as for the milling. This results in a further possibility of use for the highly complex program-controlled machine tools and machining centers, in particular during the night shifts, by means of which the workpieces previously sawn in several milling operations can be ground and finally also polished. In particular, the extremely lengthy polishing results in a considerable time and cost savings. In the polishing method using the apparatus according to the invention, a polishing tool that is automatically loaded into the work spindle by means of the machine control and the tool changer is rotated and moved continuously or cyclically in several axes. The adjustable speeds are usually several thousand to several 10,000 rpm. By controlled three-dimensional movements of the work spindle and / or the workpiece including the possible pivoting movements, the polishing tool is moved on the workpiece surface to be machined. By the machine control, the respectively optimized alignment of the polishing tool or the tool shank is specified in order to ensure that the most effective areas of the polishing head are effective on the workpiece surface. It is essential for the polishing process and also for the smoothness achieved that the polishing head moves with an optimum and practically constant pressure on the workpiece surface according to preselected parameters becomes. The movements are given in terms of speed, trajectory and direction of the machine control, the polishing movements are repeated on the respective surface until the desired degree of polishing is achieved. The constant slight pressure of the polishing head is achieved by working in the so-called "undersize", ie, the dimensions of the polishing head stored in the machine control take into account a desired deformation of the head material, which corresponds to a specific pressure value.

Der Druck, mit dem das Poliermittel aus der Zylinderkammer 32 herausgedrückt wird, entspricht dem Druck in der maschinenseitigen Kammer 33, der über den Kanal 18 aus der Arbeitsspindel 1 zugeführt wird. Während des Poliervorganges sind die Arbeitsmedien der Fräsmaschine, beispielsweise das Kühl- und Schmiermittel, die äußere Druckluft usw., abgeschaltet und nur die der Arbeitsspindel innen zugeführte Blasluft ist wirksam. Geregelt wird diese Blasluft durch ein in Fig. 5 dargestelltes Druckregelventil 38, das in die Druckluftzuleitung 39 zur Arbeitsspindel 1 eingeschaltet ist.The pressure with which the polishing agent is pressed out of the cylinder chamber 32 corresponds to the pressure in the machine-side chamber 33, which is supplied via the channel 18 from the work spindle 1. During the polishing process, the working media of the milling machine, such as the coolant and lubricant, the external compressed air, etc., switched off and only the working spindle inside the supplied blast air is effective. This blown air is regulated by a in Fig. 5 illustrated pressure control valve 38 which is turned on in the compressed air supply line 39 to the work spindle 1.

Claims (11)

  1. An apparatus for polishing workpiece surfaces comprising
    - a tool holder (4) which can be clamped into a work spindle of a program-controlled machine tool,
    - a polishing tool (10) which is mounted in the tool holder (4) and which contains a tool shank (15) and a polishing head (16) arranged at the free end thereof, and
    - a polishing agent supply to the polishing head (16) which contains passages (28) for the polishing agent,
    - wherein the tool shank (15) contains a chamber (22) which is pressurized through a channel (18) and which is at least partially filled with a polishing agent and is connected to the polishing head (16),
    characterized in that
    - the cylindrical chamber (22) in the tool shank (15) can be connected to the pressure agent supply of the machine tool via the channel (18),
    - a displacement piston (31) in the cylindrical chamber (22) is arranged in an axially movable fashion, the pressure agent of the machine tool can be applied to the front side of said piston, and the other front side of said piston acts on the polishing agent in the chamber (22), and that
    - the polishing head (16) attached to the free end of the tool shank (15) communicates with the chamber (22) through a channel (25) through which the polishing agent is forced from the displacement piston (31) out of the chamber (22) to the polishing head (16).
  2. The apparatus according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the polishing tools (10) from a magazine can be exchanged by means of a tool change in the work spindle (1) of the program-controller milling machine.
  3. The apparatus according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the tool shank (15) is made of one piece and is detachably connected to the tool holder (4) for an access to the chamber (22).
  4. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that
    the tool shank(15) consists of a shank part (12) inside the machine, wherein said part can be fixed in the tool holder (4), and of an outer shank part (11) which contains the chamber (22) with the polishing agent filling and at the outer end of which the polishing head (16) is attached, wherein the two shank parts (11, 12) are detachably connected to one another.
  5. The apparatus according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    a control valve (26) is arranged in the channel (25) leading to the polishing head (16).
  6. The apparatus according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the axial channel (25) extending in the tool shank (15) ends in a funnel-shaped pressure chamber (27) from where several through bores (27) extend in the polishing head (16) to the outer side thereof.
  7. The apparatus according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    in the chamber (22) an exchangeably cartridge (30) preferably made of plastic material is arranged in the tool shank (15).
  8. The apparatus according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the polishing head (16) consists, at least in part, of an elastomer or the fiber-composite material.
  9. The apparatus according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the polishing head (16) consists of a material such a felt, sponge, steel brush, which is permeable to the polishing agent or contains bores (28) for the passage of the polishing agent.
  10. The apparatus according to claim 8 or 9,
    characterized in that
    the polishing head (16) consists of a core element which is made of optionally fiber-reinforced elastomer and which is coated with one or more layers (29a, 29b) of an insulating fiber material and a high-strength synthetic fabric.
  11. The apparatus according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the pressure agent fed into the chamber (22) is the liquid cooling lubricant or compressed air of the machine tool.
EP12715596.8A 2011-04-06 2012-04-05 Device for polishing workpiece surfaces Not-in-force EP2694250B1 (en)

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DE202011004912U DE202011004912U1 (en) 2011-04-06 2011-04-06 polishing tool
PCT/EP2012/001534 WO2012136376A1 (en) 2011-04-06 2012-04-05 Device for polishing workpiece surfaces

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EP2694250B1 true EP2694250B1 (en) 2015-02-11

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DE (1) DE202011004912U1 (en)
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JP5913559B2 (en) 2016-04-27
CN103648720A (en) 2014-03-19
US9623536B2 (en) 2017-04-18
JP2014511771A (en) 2014-05-19
WO2012136376A1 (en) 2012-10-11
EP2694250A1 (en) 2014-02-12
US20140134932A1 (en) 2014-05-15
ES2532222T3 (en) 2015-03-25

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