EP2687359B1 - Machine and method for improving the precision of a non-linear movement of a machine element - Google Patents

Machine and method for improving the precision of a non-linear movement of a machine element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2687359B1
EP2687359B1 EP12176812.1A EP12176812A EP2687359B1 EP 2687359 B1 EP2687359 B1 EP 2687359B1 EP 12176812 A EP12176812 A EP 12176812A EP 2687359 B1 EP2687359 B1 EP 2687359B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
machine
eccentric
driven
machine element
linear motor
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EP12176812.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2687359A1 (en
Inventor
Nikolaus Herdegen
Andreas Saffer
Elmar SCHÄFERS
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30PRESSES
    • B30BPRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B1/00Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen
    • B30B1/26Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by cams, eccentrics, or cranks
    • B30B1/266Drive systems for the cam, eccentric or crank axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30PRESSES
    • B30BPRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B1/00Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen
    • B30B1/42Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by magnetic means, e.g. electromagnetic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a machine with an eccentric drive, wherein a first motor displaces an eccentric element in a rotational movement of a certain rotational direction and wherein the eccentric element drives a mechanically coupled to the eccentric element machine element and placed in a movement with periodically changing direction of movement. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for improving the accuracy of a non-linear movement of a driven machine element of such a machine.
  • certain machine elements of a machine e.g. Tools
  • movements with periodically changing direction of motion This can e.g. be linear movements (up and down, back and forth), e.g. in a press cylinder of a press, or movements along a circular arc, e.g. with a cutting tool.
  • the drive is often done by means of an eccentric, in which one of a motor driven and rotating in a particular direction of rotation eccentric (eccentric, eccentric, eccentric rod, crank, etc.) by means of a suitable mechanism (push rod, towing crank, etc.), the rotating movement in the transmits desired movement with periodically changing direction of movement.
  • EP 2 174 748 A1 are known a machine tool and a method for damping vibrations of a machine element of a machine tool, in which a machine element by means of a first motor in a traversing direction via a gear is movable, wherein a second motor is provided, by means of which a force in the direction of travel of the machine element on the Machine element is exercisable.
  • the second motor is designed as a linear motor, which directly, that exerts a force between the engine and the machine element transmission, the force on the machine element.
  • a press with a cornering correction device which, in addition to a main drive, has an adjustment drive which can be used to dynamically change the press angle / ram stroke curve otherwise prescribed by the press kinematics.
  • this can be carried out a forming process in which the moving tool part of a forming tool at a speed of 0 or near 0, ie gently, touches the workpiece.
  • EP 1 892 083 A2 is a press known that is equipped for different applications (generating a high pressure or a very fast processing) with two linear motors with different properties.
  • the two linear motors can be controlled independently of each other.
  • the plunger is driven by two motors.
  • the second motor is used in particular to increase the speed of movement of the plunger in the working phases in which the press does not generate pressure.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the accuracy of the movement of a machine element moved periodically with an alternating direction of movement.
  • the advantage of the invention is that the motion task is distributed to two drives.
  • a first motor rotates an eccentric member, i. in a rotating rotary motion of a certain direction of rotation.
  • the eccentric element is designed as an eccentric disc and has a specific flywheel.
  • the basic movement of the driven machine element is produced with periodically changing direction of movement. It can not be achieved, especially at high speeds, the desired accuracy of movement.
  • the desired accuracy is achieved by acting on the driven machine element, a linear motor.
  • a measuring system detects the movement of the driven machine element, compares the measured values with predetermined desired values and controls the linear motor via a drive control loop in such a way that it generates the force required to correct the movement. Since the basic movement already exists, acceleration or braking forces can not be applied by the linear motor for the basic movement. Only the forces for correcting the movement need to be generated.
  • the invention has the advantage that it achieves shorter cycle times during the movement of the driven machine element and thus increases the productivity of the machine compared to a machine with a conventional drive. Another advantage is the quick and easy changeability of the setpoint curves in the control compared to the hitherto necessary complex change of mechanical elements.
  • the forces for correcting the movement are only the inertial forces of the driven machine element.
  • the known principle of pulse decoupling is used in the inventive arrangement in the linear motor used.
  • the linear motor for correction can move the whole system (including the eccentric) and does not fight against the bearing forces with otherwise stiff mechanism, especially if the natural frequency of the overall structure below the speed of the first Motors is.
  • the rotor is attached directly to the driven machine element.
  • the driven machine element thus forms, as it were, the rotor of the linear motor.
  • mechanical fasteners can be omitted, whereby the movement of the driven machine element can be controlled even more accurately.
  • the dual function of the driven machine element leads to a reduction in space requirements and a cost reduction.
  • FIG. 1 a motor 1 puts an eccentric 2 in a rotational movement of a certain speed (rotational frequency).
  • a push rod 4 transmits the rotational movement of the eccentric disc 2 on a tool 3, which is guided by lateral guides 7 and therefore performs only a periodic up and down movement.
  • the tool 3 is, for example, a press cylinder of a press.
  • a rotor 5B of a linear motor is attached to the tool 3 according to the invention, which forms the linear motor 5A, 5B together with a stator 5A.
  • a control and regulating device 10 is provided, into which the actual value of the position of the tool 3 detected by means of a sensor 8 in conjunction with a scale 9 is received.
  • the control and regulating device 10 determines from a comparison of the actual value with a predetermined setpoint suitable operating parameters for controlling the linear motor 5A, 5B. Furthermore, the control and regulating device 10 also controls the rotational speed of the engine 1.
  • FIG. 1 slightly modified embodiment of the invention shows FIG. 2 ,
  • a push rod 4 'driven tool 3' for example, a cutting tool, a reciprocating motion (pivotal movement) along a circular path.
  • the tool 3 ' is connected to a rotor 5B', which together with a stator 5A 'forms a linear motor 5A', 5B '.
  • the exact position of the tool 3 ' is determined by means of a sensor 8' in conjunction with a scale 9 'and transmitted to a control and regulating device 10', which from a comparison with a desired value with respect to the current position control parameters for driving the linear motor 5A ', 5B' generated.
  • the embodiments of machines shown in principle with reference to the embodiments according to Figures 1 and 2 can be used in a variety of production machines, for example in textile, packaging or machine tools.
  • weaving machines the movement of the reed along a circular arc and that of the heddle linearly up and down.
  • knitting machines the movement of the needle bar with the knitting needles along a circular arc or linear or the movement of the needle hole along a circular arc with superimposed lateral deflection runs.
  • the advantages of the invention in these applications are an increase in productivity and flexibility.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of the control engineering adaptation of the dynamic stiffness to an interference frequency.
  • IMC Internal Model Control
  • a disturbance variable can be described as a homogeneous solution of a differential equation, one can advantageously use a regulator which works according to the IMC principle.
  • the differential equation must then be integrated into the control algorithm. Stability and sufficient damping of the control loop must be ensured. It is finally achieved that for the disturbance frequency the control deviation disappears in the stationary state. For example, let f 0 be a critical interference frequency.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Maschine mit einem Exzenterantrieb, wobei ein erster Motor ein Exzenterelement in eine Drehbewegung einer bestimmten Drehrichtung versetzt und wobei das Exzenterelement ein mechanisch mit dem Exzenterelement gekoppeltes Maschinenelement antreibt und in eine Bewegung mit periodisch wechselnder Bewegungsrichtung versetzt. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Genauigkeit einer nicht-linearen Bewegung eines angetriebenen Maschinenelements einer derartigen Maschine.The invention relates to a machine with an eccentric drive, wherein a first motor displaces an eccentric element in a rotational movement of a certain rotational direction and wherein the eccentric element drives a mechanically coupled to the eccentric element machine element and placed in a movement with periodically changing direction of movement. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for improving the accuracy of a non-linear movement of a driven machine element of such a machine.

Häufig führen bestimmte Maschinenelemente einer Maschine, z.B. Werkzeuge, Bewegungen mit periodisch wechselnder Bewegungsrichtung aus. Dies können z.B. lineare Bewegungen (auf und ab, vor und zurück) sein, z.B. bei einem Presszylinder einer Presse, oder Bewegungen entlang eines Kreisbogens, z.B. bei einem Schneidwerkzeug. Der Antrieb erfolgt dabei oft mittels eines Exzenterantriebs, bei dem ein von einem Motor angetriebenes und in einer bestimmten Drehrichtung rotierendes Exzenterelement (Exzenterscheibe, Exzenterwelle, Exzenterstange, Kurbel usw.) mittels einer geeigneten Mechanik (Schubstange, Schleppkurbel usw.) die rotierende Bewegung in die gewünschte Bewegung mit periodisch wechselnder Bewegungsrichtung überträgt.Often, certain machine elements of a machine, e.g. Tools, movements with periodically changing direction of motion. This can e.g. be linear movements (up and down, back and forth), e.g. in a press cylinder of a press, or movements along a circular arc, e.g. with a cutting tool. The drive is often done by means of an eccentric, in which one of a motor driven and rotating in a particular direction of rotation eccentric (eccentric, eccentric, eccentric rod, crank, etc.) by means of a suitable mechanism (push rod, towing crank, etc.), the rotating movement in the transmits desired movement with periodically changing direction of movement.

Der Vorteil eines derartigen Aufbaus einer Maschine liegt darin, dass sich bei hohen Drehzahlen des rotierenden Systems mit hohen Beschleunigungen und Geschwindigkeiten verbundene Bewegungen des Maschinenelements realisieren lassen, ohne dass der Antrieb die zur jeweiligen Bewegungsumkehr des Maschinenelements benötigte Wechselleistung aufbringen muss. Stattdessen wird diese Wechselleistung zum Großteil im mechanischen System gepuffert. Hierfür hat das Exzenterelement vorteilhaft die für die jeweilige Maschine bzw. den Antrieb der Maschine erforderliche Schwungmasse.The advantage of such a construction of a machine is that movements of the machine element associated with high accelerations and speeds can be realized at high rotational speeds of the rotating system without the drive having to apply the alternating power required for the respective reversal of motion of the machine element. Instead, this alternating power is largely buffered in the mechanical system. This has the eccentric element advantageous for the respective machine or the drive of the machine required flywheel.

Bei hohen Drehzahlen des antreibenden Motors und entsprechend häufigen Richtungswechseln des angetriebenen Maschinenelements leidet jedoch die Genauigkeit der Bewegung des angetriebenen Maschinenelements. Die innerhalb des mechanischen Systems auftretenden dynamischen Kräfte führen zu Verformungen und es können Eigenfrequenzen angeregt werden. Eine Steigerung der Motordrehzahl über eine bestimmte Drehzahl hinaus scheitert bei praktischen Anwendungen oft daran, dass die geforderte Genauigkeit der Bewegung des angetriebenen Maschinenelements nicht mehr gewährleistet werden kann. Dies liegt insbesondere daran, dass die auf das angetriebene Maschinenelement einwirkenden Beschleunigungskräfte in etwa im Quadrat mit der Drehzahl wachsen.At high speeds of the driving motor and corresponding frequent changes of direction of the driven machine element, however, suffers the accuracy of the movement of the driven machine element. The dynamic forces occurring within the mechanical system lead to deformations and natural frequencies can be excited. Increasing the engine speed beyond a certain speed often fails in practical applications because the required accuracy of the movement of the driven machine element can no longer be guaranteed. This is in particular because the forces acting on the driven machine element acceleration forces grow approximately squared with the speed.

Aus der Offenlegungsschrift EP 2 174 748 A1 sind eine Werkzeugmaschine und ein Verfahren zur Dämpfung von Schwingungen eines Maschinenelements einer Werkzeugmaschine bekannt, bei denen ein Maschinenelement mittels eines ersten Motors in einer Verfahrrichtung über ein Getriebe verfahrbar ist, wobei ein zweiter Motor vorgesehen ist, mittels dessen eine Kraft in Verfahrrichtung des Maschinenelements auf das Maschinenelement ausübbar ist. Dabei ist der zweite Motor als Linearmotor ausgebildet, der direkt, d.h. ohne ein zwischen diesem Motor und dem Maschinenelement zwischengeschaltetes Getriebe, die Kraft auf das Maschinenelement ausübt.From the Laid-open publication EP 2 174 748 A1 are known a machine tool and a method for damping vibrations of a machine element of a machine tool, in which a machine element by means of a first motor in a traversing direction via a gear is movable, wherein a second motor is provided, by means of which a force in the direction of travel of the machine element on the Machine element is exercisable. In this case, the second motor is designed as a linear motor, which directly, that exerts a force between the engine and the machine element transmission, the force on the machine element.

Aus der DE 10 2006 056 520 A1 ist eine Presse mit einer Kurvenkorrekturvorrichtung bekannt, die zusätzlich zu einem Hauptantrieb einen Verstellantrieb aufweist, der dazu genutzt werden kann, die von der Pressenkinematik sonst vorgegebene Pressenwinkel/Stößelhub-Kurve dynamisch zu ändern. Insbesondere kann damit ein Umformverfahren durchgeführt werden, bei dem der bewegte Werkzeugteil eines Umformwerkzeugs mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 0 oder nahe 0, d.h. sanft, auf das Werkstück aufsetzt.From the DE 10 2006 056 520 A1 For example, a press with a cornering correction device is known which, in addition to a main drive, has an adjustment drive which can be used to dynamically change the press angle / ram stroke curve otherwise prescribed by the press kinematics. In particular, this can be carried out a forming process in which the moving tool part of a forming tool at a speed of 0 or near 0, ie gently, touches the workpiece.

Aus der EP 1 892 083 A2 ist eine Presse bekannt, die für unterschiedliche Anwendungsfälle (Erzeugen eines hohen Drucks bzw. einer sehr schnellen Bearbeitung) mit zwei Linearmotoren mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften ausgestattet ist. Die beiden Linearmotoren können unabhängig voneinander angesteuert werden.From the EP 1 892 083 A2 is a press known that is equipped for different applications (generating a high pressure or a very fast processing) with two linear motors with different properties. The two linear motors can be controlled independently of each other.

Ebenso ist aus der WO2007/091935 A1 eine Presse bekannt, deren Stößel durch zwei Motoren antreibbar ist. Der zweite Motor dient insbesondere dazu, die Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit des Stößels in den Arbeitsphasen zu vergrößern, in denen die Presse keinen Druck erzeugt.Likewise is from the WO2007 / 091935 A1 a press known, the plunger is driven by two motors. The second motor is used in particular to increase the speed of movement of the plunger in the working phases in which the press does not generate pressure.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, die Genauigkeit der Bewegung eines periodisch mit wechselnder Bewegungsrichtung bewegten Maschinenelements zu verbessern.The object of the present invention is to improve the accuracy of the movement of a machine element moved periodically with an alternating direction of movement.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Maschine mit den im Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst. Ferner wird die Aufgabe mit den im Patentanspruch 6 angegebenen Verfahrensschritten gelöst.This object is achieved by a machine having the features specified in claim 1. Furthermore, the problem is solved with the method steps specified in claim 6.

Der Vorteil der Erfindung liegt darin, dass die Bewegungsaufgabe auf zwei Antriebe verteilt wird. Ein erster Motor versetzt ein Exzenterelement in Rotation, d.h. in eine rotierende Drehbewegung einer bestimmten Drehrichtung. Das Exzenterelement ist als Exzenterscheibe ausgebildet und weist eine bestimmte Schwungmasse auf. Über diese Kinematik wird die Grundbewegung des angetriebenen Maschinenelements mit periodisch wechselnder Bewegungsrichtung hergestellt. Dabei lässt sich insbesondere bei hohen Drehzahlen nicht die gewünschte Genauigkeit der Bewegung erreichen. Gemäß der Erfindung wird die gewünschte Genauigkeit dadurch erreicht, dass an dem angetriebenen Maschinenelement ein Linearmotor wirkt. Vorteilhaft erfasst ein Messsystem die Bewegung des angetriebenen Maschinenelements, vergleicht die Messwerte mit vorgegebenen Sollwerten und steuert über einen Antriebsregelkreis den Linearmotor derart an, dass dieser die zur Korrektur der Bewegung erforderliche Kraft erzeugt. Da die Grundbewegung bereits vorhanden ist, sind Beschleunigungs- bzw. Bremskräfte durch den Linearmotor für die Grundbewegung nicht aufzubringen. Es müssen nur die Kräfte zur Korrektur der Bewegung erzeugt werden.The advantage of the invention is that the motion task is distributed to two drives. A first motor rotates an eccentric member, i. in a rotating rotary motion of a certain direction of rotation. The eccentric element is designed as an eccentric disc and has a specific flywheel. About this kinematics, the basic movement of the driven machine element is produced with periodically changing direction of movement. It can not be achieved, especially at high speeds, the desired accuracy of movement. According to the invention, the desired accuracy is achieved by acting on the driven machine element, a linear motor. Advantageously, a measuring system detects the movement of the driven machine element, compares the measured values with predetermined desired values and controls the linear motor via a drive control loop in such a way that it generates the force required to correct the movement. Since the basic movement already exists, acceleration or braking forces can not be applied by the linear motor for the basic movement. Only the forces for correcting the movement need to be generated.

Die Erfindung bietet den Vorteil, dass damit kürzere Zykluszeiten bei der Bewegung des angetriebenen Maschinenelements erreicht werden und damit die Produktivität der Maschine gegenüber einer Maschine mit konventionellem Antrieb erhöht wird. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist die schnelle und einfache Änderbarkeit der Sollkurven in der Steuerung gegenüber der bislang notwendigen aufwändigen Änderung mechanischer Elemente.The invention has the advantage that it achieves shorter cycle times during the movement of the driven machine element and thus increases the productivity of the machine compared to a machine with a conventional drive. Another advantage is the quick and easy changeability of the setpoint curves in the control compared to the hitherto necessary complex change of mechanical elements.

Liegt die Bewegungsfrequenz des angetriebenen Maschinenelements oberhalb der Eigenfrequenz, mit der das angetriebene Maschinenelement gegenüber der Kinematik bzw. Gegenüber dem Exzenterelement schwingt, sind die Kräfte zur Korrektur der Bewegung nur die Trägheitskräfte des angetriebenen Maschinenelements.If the movement frequency of the driven machine element is above the natural frequency at which the driven machine element oscillates with respect to the kinematics or the eccentric element, the forces for correcting the movement are only the inertial forces of the driven machine element.

Vorteilhaft wird bei der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung bei dem verwendeten Linearmotor das bekannte Prinzip der Impulsentkopplung eingesetzt.Advantageously, the known principle of pulse decoupling is used in the inventive arrangement in the linear motor used.

Ferner kann es vorteilhaft sein, das Exzenterelement weich zu lagern, so dass der Linearmotor zur Korrektur das ganze System (einschließlich dem Exzenterelement) bewegen kann und bei sonst steifer Mechanik nicht gegen die Lagerkräfte ankämpft, insbesondere wenn die Eigenfrequenz des Gesamtaufbaus unterhalb der Drehzahl des ersten Motors liegt.Further, it may be advantageous to store the eccentric soft, so that the linear motor for correction can move the whole system (including the eccentric) and does not fight against the bearing forces with otherwise stiff mechanism, especially if the natural frequency of the overall structure below the speed of the first Motors is.

Darüber hinaus kann es vorteilhaft sein, nur das angetriebene Maschinenelement "weich" anzubinden, so dass deren Eigenfrequenz unterhalb der Drehzahl liegt. Auch wäre es denkbar, die Eigenfrequenz des angetriebenen Maschinenelements genau der Drehzahl anzugleichen, so dass die Kräfte zur Korrektur klein wären, da das System bei dieser Frequenz mit großen Amplituden bei kleiner Krafteinleitung reagiert.In addition, it may be advantageous to connect only the driven machine element "soft", so that their natural frequency is below the speed. It would also be conceivable to exactly match the natural frequency of the driven machine element to the rotational speed, so that the forces for correction would be small, since the system reacts at this frequency with large amplitudes with a small introduction of force.

Erfindungsgemäß ist bei dem Linearmotor, der einen Ständer und einen Läufer umfasst, der Läufer direkt an dem angetriebenen Maschinenelement befestigt. Das angetriebene Maschinenelement bildet damit sozusagen gleichsam den Läufer des Linearmotors. Dadurch können mechanische Verbindungselemente entfallen, wodurch sich die Bewegung des angetriebenen Maschinenelements noch genauer steuern lässt. Außerdem führt die Doppelfunktion des angetriebenen Maschinenelements zu einer Reduzierung des Platzbedarfes und zu einer Kostenreduktion.According to the invention, in the linear motor comprising a stator and a rotor, the rotor is attached directly to the driven machine element. The driven machine element thus forms, as it were, the rotor of the linear motor. As a result, mechanical fasteners can be omitted, whereby the movement of the driven machine element can be controlled even more accurately. In addition, the dual function of the driven machine element leads to a reduction in space requirements and a cost reduction.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

FIG 1
eine erste Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Maschine,
FIG 2
eine zweite Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Maschine, und
FIG 3
ein Strukturbild zur Regelung einer erfindungsgemäßen Maschine.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments. Show it:
FIG. 1
a first embodiment of a machine according to the invention,
FIG. 2
a second embodiment of a machine according to the invention, and
FIG. 3
a structure image for controlling a machine according to the invention.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Maschine gemäß Figur 1 versetzt ein Motor 1 eine Exzenterscheibe 2 in eine Drehbewegung einer bestimmten Drehzahl (Drehfrequenz). Eine Schubstange 4 überträgt die Drehbewegung der Exzenterscheibe 2 auf ein Werkzeug 3, das durch seitliche Führungen 7 geführt wird und daher lediglich eine periodische Auf- und Abbewegung ausführt. Bei dem Werkzeug 3 handelt es sich z.B. um einen Presszylinder einer Presse. Um eine geforderte Genauigkeit bei der Auf- und Abbewegung des Werkzeugs 3 einhalten zu können, ist an dem Werkzeug 3 erfindungsgemäß direkt ein Läufer 5B eines Linearmotors befestigt, der zusammen mit einem Ständer 5A den Linearmotor 5A, 5B bildet.According to the machine according to the invention FIG. 1 a motor 1 puts an eccentric 2 in a rotational movement of a certain speed (rotational frequency). A push rod 4 transmits the rotational movement of the eccentric disc 2 on a tool 3, which is guided by lateral guides 7 and therefore performs only a periodic up and down movement. The tool 3 is, for example, a press cylinder of a press. In order to maintain a required accuracy in the up and down movement of the tool 3, a rotor 5B of a linear motor is attached to the tool 3 according to the invention, which forms the linear motor 5A, 5B together with a stator 5A.

Zur Regelung des Antriebsstroms und damit der Antriebskraft des Linearmotors 5A, 5B, ist eine Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 10 vorhanden, in die der mittels eines Sensors 8 in Verbindung mit einem Maßstab 9 erfasste Istwert der Position des Werkzeugs 3 eingeht. Die Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 10 ermittelt aus einem Vergleich des Istwerts mit einem vorgegebenen Sollwert geeignete Betriebsparameter zur Ansteuerung des Linearmotors 5A, 5B. Ferner steuert die Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 10 auch die Drehzahl des Motors 1.To control the drive current and thus the driving force of the linear motor 5A, 5B, a control and regulating device 10 is provided, into which the actual value of the position of the tool 3 detected by means of a sensor 8 in conjunction with a scale 9 is received. The control and regulating device 10 determines from a comparison of the actual value with a predetermined setpoint suitable operating parameters for controlling the linear motor 5A, 5B. Furthermore, the control and regulating device 10 also controls the rotational speed of the engine 1.

Ein gegenüber Figur 1 leicht abgewandeltes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung zeigt Figur 2. Auch dabei treibt ein Motor 1' eine Exzenterscheibe 2' an, die in Verbindung mit weiteren mechanischen Elementen eine Rotationsbewegung mit einer bestimmten Drehzahl (Drehfrequenz) in eine Bewegung mit periodisch wechselnder Bewegungsrichtung überführt. Im Unterschied zu Figur 1 führt hier jedoch ein über eine Schubstange 4' angetriebenes Werkzeug 3', z.B. ein Schneidwerkzeug, eine Hin- und Her- Bewegung (Schwenkbewegung) entlang einer Kreisbahn aus. Analog zu dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 1 ist auch hier das Werkzeug 3' mit einem Läufer 5B' verbunden, der zusammen mit einem Ständer 5A' einen Linearmotor 5A', 5B' bildet. Auch dabei wird die exakte Position des Werkzeugs 3' mittels eines Sensors 8' in Verbindung mit einem Maßstab 9' ermittelt und an eine Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 10' übermittelt, die aus einem Vergleich mit einem Sollwert bezüglich der aktuellen Position Regelparameter zur Ansteuerung des Linearmotors 5A', 5B' erzeugt.One opposite FIG. 1 slightly modified embodiment of the invention shows FIG. 2 , Here too, a motor 1 'drives an eccentric disk 2' which, in conjunction with further mechanical elements, converts a rotational movement with a specific rotational speed (rotational frequency) into a movement with a periodically alternating direction of movement. In contrast to FIG. 1 leads here, however, a push rod 4 'driven tool 3', for example, a cutting tool, a reciprocating motion (pivotal movement) along a circular path. Analogous to the embodiment according to FIG. 1 Here, too, the tool 3 'is connected to a rotor 5B', which together with a stator 5A 'forms a linear motor 5A', 5B '. Here, too, the exact position of the tool 3 'is determined by means of a sensor 8' in conjunction with a scale 9 'and transmitted to a control and regulating device 10', which from a comparison with a desired value with respect to the current position control parameters for driving the linear motor 5A ', 5B' generated.

Die im Prinzip anhand der Ausführungsbeispiele gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 gezeigten Ausführungsformen von Maschinen lassen sich bei einer Vielzahl von Produktionsmaschinen, beispielsweise bei Textil-, Verpackungs- oder Werkzeugmaschinen, anwenden. Insbesondere verlaufen bei Webmaschinen die Bewegung des Webblattes entlang eines Kreisbogens und die der Webschäfte linear auf und ab. Bei Wirkmaschinen verläuft die Bewegung der Nadelbarren mit den Wirknadeln entlang eines Kreisbogens oder linear bzw. die Bewegung der Lochnadel entlang eines Kreisbogens mit überlagerter seitlicher Auslenkung. Die Vorteile der Erfindung sind bei diesen Anwendungen eine Erhöhung der Produktivität und der Flexibilität. Es können damit nämlich einerseits mehr Stoff (Fläche pro Zeiteinheit) und andererseits, da die entsprechenden Maschinen nicht mechanisch auf ein bestimmtes Artikelspektrum begrenzt sind, auch Stoffe mit anderen Eigenschaften (Maschengröße, Anzahl Maschen pro Zentimeter Fadeneinlauf, Schuss pro Zentimeter, Flächengewicht usw.) auf der gleichen Maschine produziert werden.The embodiments of machines shown in principle with reference to the embodiments according to Figures 1 and 2 can be used in a variety of production machines, for example in textile, packaging or machine tools. In particular, in weaving machines, the movement of the reed along a circular arc and that of the heddle linearly up and down. In knitting machines, the movement of the needle bar with the knitting needles along a circular arc or linear or the movement of the needle hole along a circular arc with superimposed lateral deflection runs. The advantages of the invention in these applications are an increase in productivity and flexibility. This means that on the one hand, more fabric (area per unit of time) and, on the other hand, because the machines are not mechanically limited to a particular range of articles, also fabrics with different properties (mesh size, number of stitches per centimeter thread entry, shot per centimeter, basis weight, etc.). be produced on the same machine.

Figur 3 zeigt ein Beispiel zur regelungstechnischen Anpassung der dynamischen Steifigkeit an eine Störfrequenz. Um Regelungstechnisch eine Anpassung der dynamischen Steifigkeit an Störfrequenzen zu erreichen, kann vorteilhaft eine Vorgehensweise angelehnt an das bekannte Regelungsverfahren "Internal Model Control" (IMC) angewendet werden. Lässt sich eine Störgröße als homogene Lösung einer Differentialgleichung beschreiben, kann man vorteilhaft einen Regler, der nach dem IMC-Prinzip arbeitet, anwenden. Die Differentialgleichung muss dann in den Regelalgorithmus integriert werden. Dabei sind Stabilität und hinreichende Dämpfung des Regelkreises sicherzustellen. Erreicht wird letztendlich, dass für die Störfrequenz die Regelabweichung im stationären Zustand verschwindet. Beispielsweise sei f0 eine kritische Störfrequenz. Dann lassen sich alle möglichen Signalverläufe einer harmonischen Schwingung durch den Lösungsraum der homogenen Differentialgleichung z ¨ + 2 πf 0 2 = 0

Figure imgb0001
beschreiben. Wird diese Differentialgleichung im Regelalgorithmus berücksichtigt, so ist die regelungstechnische Steifigkeit bei dieser Frequenz f0 unendlich. Figur 3 zeigt eine mögliche Struktur. Das Element mit der Übertragungsfunktion 1 s 2 2 πf 0 2 + 1
Figure imgb0002
erzeugt bei stabilem Regelkreis eine verschwindende Regeldifferenz bei der Frequenz f0. Der Regler R(s) stabilisiert den Regelkreis und setzt weitere Regelziele (z.B. stationäre Genauigkeit durch einen Integrator) durch. G(s) bezeichnet in Figur 3 die Regelstrecke. FIG. 3 shows an example of the control engineering adaptation of the dynamic stiffness to an interference frequency. In order to achieve an adaptation of the dynamic stiffness to interference frequencies in terms of control technology, a procedure based on the known control method "Internal Model Control" (IMC) can advantageously be used. If a disturbance variable can be described as a homogeneous solution of a differential equation, one can advantageously use a regulator which works according to the IMC principle. The differential equation must then be integrated into the control algorithm. Stability and sufficient damping of the control loop must be ensured. It is finally achieved that for the disturbance frequency the control deviation disappears in the stationary state. For example, let f 0 be a critical interference frequency. Then all possible waveforms of a harmonic oscillation through the solution space of the homogeneous differential equation z ¨ + 2 πf 0 2 = 0
Figure imgb0001
describe. If this differential equation is taken into account in the control algorithm, then the control-technical rigidity at this frequency f 0 is infinite. FIG. 3 shows a possible structure. The element with the transfer function 1 s 2 2 πf 0 2 + 1
Figure imgb0002
generates with stable control loop a vanishing control difference at the frequency f 0 . The controller R (s) stabilizes the control loop and sets further control targets (eg stationary accuracy by an integrator). G (s) denotes in FIG. 3 the controlled system.

Claims (8)

  1. Machine with an eccentric drive, wherein a first motor (1; 1') displaces an eccentric element (2; 2') into a rotary motion of a given rotational direction and wherein the eccentric element (2; 2') drives a machine element (3; 3') mechanically coupled to the eccentric element (2; 2') and displaces it into a motion with a periodically alternating direction of motion, wherein the driven machine element (3; 3') is additionally coupled to at least one linear motor (5A, 5B; 5A', 5B'),
    characterised in that the linear motor (5A, 5B; 5A', 5B') comprises a stator (5A; 5A') and a rotor (5B; 5B') and the rotor (5B; 5B') is directly attached to the driven machine element (3; 3'), and that the eccentric element (2; 2') is designed as an eccentric disk.
  2. Machine according to claim 1, wherein the eccentric element (2; 2') is softly mounted.
  3. Machine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the eccentric drive contains at least one elastic element.
  4. Machine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the machine comprises at least one sensor element (8; 8'), by which the position of the driven machine element (3; 3') can be captured.
  5. Machine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the machine comprises at least one control unit (10; 10'), by means of which the linear motor (5; 5') can be actuated such that a deviation between the driven machine element (3; 3') and a predefinable target position is smaller than a predefinable difference value.
  6. Method for improving the precision of a non-linear motion of a driven machine element (3; 3'), wherein an eccentric element (2; 2') is displaced by a first motor (1; 1') into a rotary motion of a given rotational direction and wherein a machine element (3; 3') mechanically coupled to the eccentric element (2; 2') is driven by the eccentric element (2; 2') and is displaced into a motion with a periodically alternating direction of motion, characterised in that the driven machine element (3; 3') is additionally driven by a linear motor (5A, 5B; 5A', 5B'), wherein the linear motor (5A, 5B; 5A', 5B') comprises a stator (5A; 5A') and a rotor (5B; 5B') and the rotor (5B; 5B') is directly attached to the driven machine element (3; 3'), and wherein the eccentric element (2; 2') is designed as an eccentric disk.
  7. Method according to claim 6, wherein the linear motor (5A, 5B; 5A', 5B') is actuated by means of a control unit (10; 10') such that a deviation between the position of the driven machine element (3; 3') and a predefinable target position is smaller than a predefinable difference value.
  8. Method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the control unit (10; 10') executes a control algorithm, by which the deviation between the position of the driven machine element (3; 3') and a target position for a given target rotational speed of the first motor (1; 1') is minimised.
EP12176812.1A 2012-07-18 2012-07-18 Machine and method for improving the precision of a non-linear movement of a machine element Not-in-force EP2687359B1 (en)

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DE102017004803A1 (en) * 2017-05-18 2018-11-22 Cosateq Gmbh Method for operating a powder press with layer control and powder press for carrying out the method
CN107350339A (en) * 2017-07-14 2017-11-17 合肥雷呈信息技术有限公司 A kind of hole punched device for computer mainframe shell structure

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US6012322A (en) * 1998-03-27 2000-01-11 Aida Engineering Co., Ltd. Slide-driving device for knuckle presses
JP2003094197A (en) * 2001-09-21 2003-04-02 Amada Eng Center Co Ltd Press machine and press working method using it
DE102004003730A1 (en) * 2004-01-23 2005-08-18 Heinz Leiber segment engine
EP1981701B1 (en) * 2006-02-06 2015-12-09 Abb Research Ltd. Mechanical press drive system
JP2008043992A (en) * 2006-08-21 2008-02-28 Murata Mach Ltd Linear motor-mounted press machine
DE102006056520A1 (en) * 2006-11-30 2008-06-05 Schuler Pressen Gmbh & Co. Kg Press e.g. transverse flux press, for deformation of workpiece, has plunger drive with drive source connected to tappet and executing continuous drive motion, and another drive source connected to stilt end and performing drive movement
EP2174748B1 (en) 2008-10-10 2011-06-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Machine tool and method for dampening the oscillations of a machine element of a machine tool
DE102008064228A1 (en) * 2008-12-22 2010-07-08 Müller Weingarten AG Method of operating a hammer
EP2319636B1 (en) * 2009-11-10 2013-01-02 TRUMPF Werkzeugmaschinen GmbH + Co. KG Press assembly for a tool machine

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